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  • Python - do big doc strings waste memory?

    - by orokusaki
    I understand that in Python a string is simply an expression and a string by itself would be garbage collected immediately upon return of control to a code's caller, but... Large class/method doc strings in your code: do they waste memory by building the string objects up? Module level doc strings: are they stored infinitely by the interpreter? Does this even matter? My only concern came from the idea that if I'm using a large framework like Django, or multiple large open source libraries, they tend to be very well documented with potentially multiple megabytes of text. In these cases are the doc strings loaded into memory for code that's used along the way, and then kept there, or is it collected immediately like normal strings?

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  • Database security / scaling question

    - by orokusaki
    Typically I use a database such as MySQL or PostGreSQL on the same machine as the application using it, which makes access easy and secure. I'm just now building the first site that will have a separate physical database server (later this year it will). I'm wondering 3 things: (security) What things should I look into for starters pertaining to security of accessing a separate machine's database? (scalability) Are their scalability issues that I should think about pertaining to this (technology agnostic)? (more ServerFaultish but related) If starting the DB out on the same physical server (using a separate VMWare VM) and later moving to a different physical server, are there implicit problems that I'll have to deal with? Isn't another VM still accessed via localhost? If these questions are completely ludicrous, I apologize to you DB experts.

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  • Django comparing model instances for equality

    - by orokusaki
    I understand that, with a singleton situation, you can perform such an operation as: spam == eggs and if spam and eggs are instances of the same class with all the same attribute values, it will return True. In a Django model, this is natural because two separate instances of a model won't ever be the same unless they have the same .pk value. The problem with this is that if a reference to an instance has attributes that have been updated by middleware somewhere along the way and it hasn't been saved, and you're trying to it to another variable holding a reference to an instance of the same model, it will return False of course because they have different values for some of the attributes. Obviously I don't need something like a singleton , but I'm wondering if there some official Djangonic (ha, a new word) method for checking this, or if I should simply check that the .pk value is the same with: spam.pk == eggs.pk I'm sorry if this was a huge waste of time, but it just seems like there might be a method for doing this, and something I'm missing that I'll regret down the road if I don't find it.

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  • Django - calling full_clean() inside of clean() equivalent?

    - by orokusaki
    For transaction purposes, I need all field validations to run before clean() is done. Is this possible? My thinking is this: @transaction.commit_on_success def clean(self): # Some fun stuff here. self.full_clean() # I know this isn't correct, but it illustrates my point. but obviously that's not correct, because it would be recursive. Is there a way to make sure that everything that full_clean() does is done inside clean()?

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  • Python - Why use anything other than uuid4() for unique strings?

    - by orokusaki
    I see quit a few implementations of unique string generation for things like uploaded image names, session IDs, et al, and many of them employ the usage of hashes like SHA1, or others. I'm not questioning the legitimacy of using custom methods like this, but rather just the reason. If I want a unique string, I just say this: >>> import uuid >>> uuid.uuid4() 07033084-5cfd-4812-90a4-e4d24ffb6e3d And I'm done with it. I wasn't very trusting before I read up on uuid, so I did this: >>> import uuid >>> s = set() >>> for i in range(5000000): # That's 5 million! >>> s.add(uuid.uuid4()) ... ... >>> len(s) 5000000 Not one repeater (I didn't expect one considering the odds are like 1.108e+50, but it's comforting to see it in action). You could even half the odds by just making your string by combining 2 uuid4()s. So, with that said, why do people spend time on random() and other stuff for unique strings, etc? Is there an important security issue or other regarding uuid?

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  • Django - transactions in the model?

    - by orokusaki
    Models (disregard typos / minor syntax issues. It's just pseudo-code): class SecretModel(models.Model): some_unique_field = models.CharField(max_length=25, unique=True) # Notice this is unique. class MyModel(models.Model): secret_model = models.OneToOneField(SecretModel, editable=False) # Not in the form spam = models.CharField(max_length=15) foo = models.IntegerField() def clean(self): SecretModel.objects.create(some_unique_field=self.spam) Now if I go do this: MyModel.objects.create(spam='john', foo='OOPS') # Obviously foo won't take "OOPS" as it's an IntegerField. #.... ERROR HERE MyModel.objects.create(spam='john', foo=5) # So I try again here. #... IntegrityError because SecretModel with some_unique_field = 'john' already exists. I understand that I could put this into a view with a request transaction around it, but I want this to work in the Admin, and via an API, etc. Not just with forms, or views. How is it possible?

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  • Special technology needed for browser based chat?

    - by orokusaki
    On this post, I read about the usage of XMPP. Is this sort of thing necessary, and more importantly, my main question expanded: Can a chat server and client be built efficiently using only standard HTTP and browser technologies (such as PHP and JS, or RoR and JS, etc)? Or, is it best to stick with old protocols like XMPP find a way to integrate them with my application? I looked into CampFire via LiveHTTPHeaders and Firebug for about 5 minutes, and it appears to use Ajax to send a request which is never answered until another chat happens. Is this just CampFire opening a new thread on the server to listen for an update and then returning a response to the request when the thread hears an update? I noticed that they're requesting on a specific port (8043 if memory serves me) which makes me think that they're doing something more complex than just what I mentioned. Also, the URL requested started with /tcp/ which I found interesting. Note: I don't expect to ever have more than 150 users live-chatting in all the rooms combined at the same time. I understand that if I was building a hosted pay for chat service like CampFire with thousands of concurrent users, it would behoove me to invest time in researching special technologies vs trying to reinvent the wheel in a simple way in my app. Also, if you're going to do it with server polling, how often would you personally poll to maximize response without slamming the server?

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  • Python virtualenv questions

    - by orokusaki
    I'm using VirtualEnv on Windows XP. I'm wondering if I have my brain wrapped around it correctly. I ran virtualenv ENV and it created C:\WINDOWS\system32\ENV. I then changed my PATH variable to include C:\WINDOWS\system32\ENV\Scripts instead of C:\Python27\Scripts. Then, I checked out Django into C:\WINDOWS\system32\ENV\Lib\site-packages\django-trunk, updated my PYTHON_PATH variable to point the new Django directory, and continued to easy_install other things (which of course go into my new C:\WINDOWS\system32\ENV\Lib\site-packages directory). I understand why I should use VirtualEnv so I can run multiple versions of Django, and other libraries on the same machine, but does this mean that to switch between environments I have to basically change my PATH and PYTHON_PATH variable? So, I go from developing one Django project which uses Django 1.2 in an environment called ENV and then change my PATH and such so that I can use an environment called ENV2 which has the dev version of Django? Is that basically it, or is there some better way to automatically do all this (I could update my path in Python code, but that would require me to write machine-specific code in my application)? Also, how does this process compare to using VirtualEnv on Linux (I'm quite the beginner at Linux).

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  • Python - question regarding the concurrent use of `multiprocess`.

    - by orokusaki
    I want to use Python's multiprocessing to do concurrent processing without using locks (locks to me are the opposite of multiprocessing) because I want to build up multiple reports from different resources at the exact same time during a web request (normally takes about 3 seconds but with multiprocessing I can do it in .5 seconds). My problem is that, if I expose such a feature to the web and get 10 users pulling the same report at the same time, I suddenly have 60 interpreters open at the same time (which would crash the system). Is this just the common sense result of using multiprocessing, or is there a trick to get around this potential nightmare? Thanks

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  • Python - werid behavior

    - by orokusaki
    I've done what I shouldn't have done and written 4 modules (6 hours or so) without running any tests along the way. I have a method inside of /mydir/__init__.py called get_hash(), and a class inside of /mydir/utils.py called SpamClass. /mydir/utils.py imports get_hash() from /mydir/__init__. /mydir/__init__.py imports SpamClass from /mydir/utils.py. Both the class and the method work fine on their own but for some reason if I try to import /mydir/, I get an import error saying "Cannot import name get_hash" from /mydir/__init__.py. The only stack trace is the line saying that __init__.py imported SpamClass. The next line is where the error occurs in in SpamClass when trying to import get_hash. Why is this?

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  • How secure is a PostgreSQL database if my server is stolen?

    - by orokusaki
    If I have a server with a database if top secret data in PostgreSQL and my password is practically impossible to crack (128 character string of all sorts of weird chars, generated by hand). The server password is also uncrackable in theory (basically, ignore the possibility of a password crack on the DB). Aside from a password crack, how easy is it to get the data out of this database? Assumptions: Only the DB exists on the server. There is no password in a PHP script or anything like that The person who has the server is a computer / DB / hard-drive recovery expert I'm not using any hard-drive encryption or anything out of the norm for protection I'm trying to understand the risks involved with somebody gaining physical access to my server's hard-drives.

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  • Python meta programming question

    - by orokusaki
    I have a meta class MyClass which adds an attribute to a class based on some of the properties of the class's methods. When I subclass MyClass I want it to still have that attribute, and append to the attribute's value based on the sub-class's methods (ie, sub-classing extends the same attribute that the base's meta creates.). Can this be done via the bases argument passed to __new__(cls, name, bases, dct)?

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  • After pip installing uWSGI there's no /etc/uwsgi/ directory - how can I use apps-enabled?

    - by orokusaki
    I've been using apt-get install uwsgi to install uWSGI. Today, I realized I needed a feature that's not available until uWSGI 1.1, and Ubuntu 12.04.1 doesn't have anything after 1.0.x, at least according to my apt-get install uwsgi=1.1 attempt. So, I used: pip install http://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz After doing so, I get a message prescribing the use of /usr/local/bin/uwsgi to launch the program. I'm not a guru when it comes to compiling from source, but my understanding is that when you do so, nothing will be changed in the /etc/ directory. Is this correct? If not, why don't I have a /etc/uwsgi/ directory and, more specifically, a /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/ directory? Should I simply create the directories when installing uWSGI from source? I was hesitant to do so, considering there is no mention of this in the docs (I don't want something that accidentally works, etc.).

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  • Django - Can you use property as the field in an aggregation function?

    - by orokusaki
    I know the short answer because I tried it. Is there any way to accomplish this though (even if only on account of a hack)? class Ticket(models.Model): account = modelfields.AccountField() uuid = models.CharField(max_length=36, unique=True) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) class Meta: ordering = ['created'] @property def repair_cost(self): # cost is a @property of LineItem(models.Model) return self.lineitem_set.aggregate(models.Sum('cost'))

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  • Python: Does one of these examples waste more memory?

    - by orokusaki
    In a Django view function which uses manual transaction committing, I have: context = RequestContext(request, data) transaction.commit() return render_to_response('basic.html', data, context) # Returns a Django ``HttpResponse`` object which is similar to a dictionary. I think it is a better idea to do this: context = RequestContext(request, data) response = render_to_response('basic.html', data, context) transaction.commit() return response If the page isn't rendered correctly in the second version, the transaction is rolled back. This seems like the logical way of doing it albeit there won't likely be many exceptions at that point in the function when the application is in production. But... I fear that this might cost more and this will be replete through a number of functions since the application is heavy with custom transaction handling, so now is the time to figure out. If the HttpResponse instance is in memory already (at the point of render_to_response()), then what does another reference cost? When the function ends, doesn't the reference (response variable) go away so that when Django is done converting the HttpResponse into a string for output Python can immediately garbage collect it? Is there any reason I would want to use the first version (other than "It's 1 less line of code.")?

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  • Django Piston - how can I create custom methods?

    - by orokusaki
    I put my questions in the code comments for clarity: from piston.handler import AnonymousBaseHandler class AnonymousAPITest(AnonymousBaseHandler): fields = ('update_subscription',) def update_subscription(self, request, months): # Do some stuff here to update a subscription based on the # number of months provided. # How the heck can I call this method? return {'msg': 'Your subscription has been updated!'} def read(self, request): return { 'msg': 'Why would I need a read() method on a fully custom API?' }

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  • Is Python a beginner language or is it robust?

    - by orokusaki
    I am already working on some software in Python but I'm having one of those days where I step back and reflect just to make sure I'm not spinning my wheels. I know that Twitter launched with RoR because it was fast to build. Then they almost moved into another language in 2008 because of scalability issues. This has caused me to step back and introspect for a moment to make sure I'm heading down the right path. I've read in some tutorials and other places that Python is "a great first language" or a "nice beginner language" as though it's not capable of larger tasks. I look at it as Python can do what Java or ASP can but with about 1/4th of the code, not to mention I don't have to build or compile, etc. I've read that Java runs quite a few times faster than Python which is important of course, but then I read everywhere that hardware keeps getting cheaper and there are projects like Unladen Swallow by Google to make Python faster. Should I be concerned or is this just the remnants of Java developers?

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  • How can I possibly sort this in JavaScript?

    - by orokusaki
    I've been pounding my head on the wall trying to figure out how to sort this in JavaScript (I have to work with it in this format unfortunately). I need to sort it based on Small, Medium, Large, XL, XXL (Small ranking the highest) in each variationValues size field. The problem is that I need to sort the variationCosts and variationInventories at the same time to match the new order (since each value in order corresponds to the values in the other fields :( Input I have to work with var m = { variationNames: ["Length", "Size" ], variationValues: [ ["26.5\"", "XXL"], ["25\"", "Large"], ["25\"", "Medium"], ["25\"", "Small"], ["25\"", "XL"], ["25\"", "XXL"], ["26.5\"", "Large"], ["26.5\"", "Small"], ["26.5\"", "XL"] ], variationCosts: [ 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00 ], variationInventories: [ 10, 60, 51, 10, 15, 10, 60, 10, 15 ], parentCost: 20.00 }; Desired output var m = { variationNames: ["Length", "Size" ], variationValues: [ ["25\"", "Small"], ["26.5\"", "Small"], ["25\"", "Medium"], ["25\"", "Large"], ["26.5\"", "Large"], ["25\"", "XL"], ["26.5\"", "XL"] ["25\"", "XXL"], ["26.5\"", "XXL"], ], variationCosts: [ 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00, 20.00 ], variationInventories: [ 10, 10, 51, 60, 15, 15, 15, 10, 10 ], parentCost: 20.00 };

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  • JavaScript - question regarding data structure

    - by orokusaki
    I'm trying to calculate somebody's bowel health based on a points system. I can edit the data structure, or logic in any way. I'm just trying to write a function and data structure to handle this ability. Pseudo calculator function: // Bowel health calculator var points = 0; If age is from 30 and 34: points += 1 If age is from 35 and 40: points += 2 If daily BMs is from 1 and 3: points -= 1 If daily BMs is from 4 and 6: points -= 2 return points; Pseudo data structure: var points_map = { age: { '30-34': 1, '35-40': 2 }, dbm: { '1-3': -1, '4-6': -2 } }; I have a full spreadsheet of data like this, and I am trying to write a DRY version of code and a DRY version of this data (ie, probably not a string for the '30-34', etc) in order to handle this sort of thing without a humongous number of switch statements.

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  • When will Unladen Swallow be "done" or "ready" for real use?

    - by orokusaki
    It looks like Google hasn't updated the results section since the Q4 2009 posting. I've been wondering when it will be put in the Python trunk, and if it's, in any way, production ready. Also, "We aspire to do no original work" is in the Q4 plan. Did Google bite off more than what they could handle, or does anyone know what the real story is?

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  • Is what GitHub is doing here a good practice?

    - by orokusaki
    If you view this URL, you'll see that GitHub is posting all sorts of technical information. Is this a good practice so that users can email info to you about bugs, etc? http://waitdownload.github.com/cheetahtemplate-cheetah-v2.4.2-0-gd20b523.zip It's at least a good design for an error page.

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  • How do "and" and "or" work when combined in one statement?

    - by orokusaki
    For some reason this function confused me: def protocol(port): return port == "443" and "https://" or "http://" Can somebody explain the order of what's happening behind the scenes to make this work the way it does. I understood it as this until I tried it: Either A) def protocol(port): if port == "443": if bool("https://"): return True elif bool("http://"): return True return False Or B) def protocol(port): if port == "443": return True + "https://" else: return True + "http://" Is this some sort of special case in Python, or am I completely misunderstanding how statements work?

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  • Getting started with C++ ( the paradigm shift from Python )

    - by orokusaki
    I want to learn C++ so that i can develop C++ Python modules for server-related stuff. I'm a purely dynamic languages developer (Python, PHP, Ruby, etc). I want to learn a fast language, and if I'm going to do this, I'd rather learn a really fast language like C++. Before I even get started though, I understand that suddenly working with static types, a different syntax, and compiling code will be quite the paradigm shift. Is there any advice that a C++ dev who also has dynamic languages experience can give me to me to help me make that shift faster?

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