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• Is there any complications or side effects for changing final field access/visibility modifier from private to protected?

  - by Software Engeneering Learner

  I have a private final field in one class and then I want to address that field in a subclass. I want to change field access/visibility modifier from private to protected, so I don't have to call getField() method from subclass and I can instead address that field directly (which is more clear and cohessive). Will there be any side effects or complications if I change private to protected for a final field? UPDATE: from logical point of view, it's obvious that descendant should be able to directly access all predecessor fields, right? But there are certain constraints that are imposed on private final fields by JVM, like 100% initialization guarantee after construction phase(useful for concurrency) and so on. So I would like to know, by changing from private to protected, won't that or any other constraints be compromised?

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• Time complexity of a sorting algorithm

  - by Passonate Learner

  The two programs below get n integers from file and calculates the sum of ath to bth integers q(number of question) times. I think the upper program has worse time complexity than the lower, but I'm having problems calculating the time complexity of these two algorithms. [input sample] 5 3 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 3 4 2 4 [output sample] 7 5 9 Program 1: #include <stdio.h> FILE *in=fopen("input.txt","r"); FILE *out=fopen("output.txt","w"); int n,q,a,b,sum; int data[1000]; int main() int i,j; fscanf(in,"%d%d",&n,&q); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) fscanf(in,"%d",&data[i]); for i=0;i<q;i++) { fscanf(in,"%d%d",&a,&b); sum=0; for(j=a;j<=b;j++) sum+=data[j]; fprintf(out,"%d\n",sum); } return 0; } Program 2: #include <stdio.h> FILE *in=fopen("input.txt","r"); FILE *out=fopen("output.txt","w"); int n,q,a,b; int data[1000]; int sum[1000]; int main() { int i,j; fscanf(in,"%d%d",&n,&q); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) fscanf(in,"%d",&data[i]); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) sum[i]=sum[i-1]+data[i]; for(i=0;i<q;i++) { fscanf(in,"%d%d",&a,&b); fprintf(out,"%d\n",sum[b]-sum[a-1]); } return 0; } The programs below gets n integers from 1 to m and sorts them. Again, I cannot calculate the time complexity. [input sample] 5 5 2 1 3 4 5 [output sample] 1 2 3 4 5 Program: #include <stdio.h> FILE *in=fopen("input.txt","r") FILE *out=fopen("output.txt","w") int n,m; int data[1000]; int count[1000]; int main() { int i,j; fscanf(in,"%d%d",&n,&m); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { fscanf(in,"%d",&data[i]); count[data[i]]++ } for(i=1;i<=m;i++) { for(j=0;j<count[i];j++) fprintf(out,"%d ",i); } return 0; } It's ironic(or not) that I cannot calculate the time complexity of my own algorithms, but I have passions to learn, so please programming gurus, help me!

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• Time complexity of a recursive algorithm

  - by Passonate Learner

  How can I calculate the time complexity of a recursive algorithm? pow1(x,n) if(n==0){ return 1 } else{ return x * pow1(x, n-1) } pow2(x,n) if(n==0){ return 1 } else if(n is odd integer){ p = pow2(x, (n-1)/2) return x * p * p } else if(n is even integer){ p = pow2(x, n/2) return p * p }

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• Average performance of binary search algorithm?

  - by Passonate Learner

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm#Average_performance BinarySearch(int A[], int value, int low, int high) { int mid; if (high < low) return -1; mid = (low + high) / 2; if (A[mid] > value) return BinarySearch(A, value, low, mid-1); else if (A[mid] < value) return BinarySearch(A, value, mid+1, high); else return mid; } If the integer I'm trying to find is always in the array, can anyone help me write a program that can calculate the average performance of binary search algorithm?

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• Stack and queue operations on the same array.

  - by Passonate Learner

  Hi. I've been thinking about a program logic, but I cannot draw a conclusion to my problem. Here, I've implemented stack and queue operations to a fixed array. int A[1000]; int size=1000; int top; int front; int rear; bool StackIsEmpty() { return (top==0); } bool StackPush( int x ) { if ( top >= size ) return false; A[top++] = x; return true; } int StackTop( ) { return A[top-1]; } bool StackPop() { if ( top <= 0 ) return false; A[--top] = 0; return true; } bool QueueIsEmpty() { return (front==rear); } bool QueuePush( int x ) { if ( rear >= size ) return false; A[rear++] = x; return true; } int QueueFront( ) { return A[front]; } bool QueuePop() { if ( front >= rear ) return false; A[front++] = 0; return true; } It is presumed(or obvious) that the bottom of the stack and the front of the queue is pointing at the same location, and vice versa(top of the stack points the same location as rear of the queue). For example, integer 1 and 2 is inside an array in order of writing. And if I call StackPop(), the integer 2 will be popped out, and if I call QueuePop(), the integer 1 will be popped out. My problem is that I don't know what happens if I do both stack and queue operations on the same array. The example above is easy to work out, because there are only two values involved. But what if there are more than 2 values involved? For example, if I call StackPush(1); QueuePush(2); QueuePush(4); StackPop(); StackPush(5); QueuePop(); what values will be returned in the order of bottom(front) from the final array? I know that if I code a program, I would receive a quick answer. But the reason I'm asking this is because I want to hear a logical explanations from a human being, not a computer.

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• What am I (a beginner) losing, by choosing Cherokee over Apache for serving dynamic content?

  - by Bad Learner

  I am a complete beginner and am planning to setup a photo sharing site. This is the setup I am planning, basically for a start - - Cherokee (instead of Apache) for serving dynamic content (python-based application), and Nginx for serving static files. Since, I am a beginner, what have I, to lose? So, can someone, from your experience, please tell me, what I'd lose by choosing Cherokee over Apache for serving dynamic content in PHP/Python/whatever? Anything other than the fact that there's lot of documentation, many people who can help when there's an issue etc as Apache is well established and the most popular web server? Again, my intention is not to spurt a flame war here. Just wanted to know if Cherokee would be better than Apache in terms of performance, reliability, and speed, when it matters (peak load times). Also, I heard it's a lot faster than Apache in serving dynamic content, is it true?

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• Amazon EC2: Not able to open web application even if port it opened

  - by learner

  I have a t1.micro instance with public dns looks similar to ec2-184-72-67-202.compute-1.amazonaws.com (some numbers changed) On this machine, I am running a django app $ sudo python manage.py runserver --settings=vlists.settings.dev Validating models... 0 errors found Django version 1.4.1, using settings 'vlists.settings.dev' Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ I have opened the port 8000 through AWS console Now when I hit the following in Chrome http://ec2-184-72-67-202.compute-1.amazonaws.com:8000, I get Oops! Google Chrome could not connect to WHat is that I am doing wrong?

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• Is it the address bus size or the data bus size that determines "8-bit , 16-bit ,32-bit ,64-bit " systems?

  - by learner

  My simple understanding is as follows. Memory (RAM) is composed of bits, groups of 8 which form bytes, each of which can be addressed ,and hence byte addressable memory. Address Bus stores the location of a byte of memory. If an address bus is of size 32 bits, that means it can hold upto 232 numbers and it hence can refer upto 232 bytes of memory = 4GB of memory and any memory greater than that is useless. Data bus is used to send the value to be written to/read off the memory. If I have a data bus of size 32 bits, it means a maximum of 4 bytes can be written to/read off the memory at a time. I find no relation between this size and the maximum memory size possible. But I read here that: Even though most systems are byte-addressable, it makes sense for the processor to move as much data around as possible. This is done by the data bus, and the size of the data bus is where the names 8-bit system, 16-bit system, 32-bit system, 64-bit system, etc.. come from. When the data bus is 8 bits wide, it can transfer 8 bits in a single memory operation. When the data bus is 32 bits wide (as is most common at the time of writing), at most, 32 bits can be moved in a single memory operation. This says that the size of the data bus is what gives an OS the name, 8bit, 16bit and so on. What is wrong with my understanding?

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• What is the standard system architecture for MongoDB

  - by learner

  I know this question is too vague, so I would like to add some key numbers to give insights about what the scenario is Each Document size - 360KB Total Documents - 1.5 million Document created/day - 2k read intensive - YES Availability requirement - HIGH With these requirements in mind, here is what I believe should be the architecture, but not too sure, please share your experiences and point me to right directions 2 Linux Box(Ubuntu 11 would do)(on a different rack setup for availability) 64-bit Mongo Database 1-master(for read/wr1te) and 1-slave(read-only with replication ON) Sharding not needed at this point in time Thank you in advance

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• How to install imagemagick on windows 7

  - by learner

  How to install image magic at windows 7. I followed these instruction To install IMagick on windows xp (php 5.2.x) 1.) download and install ImageMagick-6.5.8-7 Q16-windows-dll.exe imagemagick.org/download/binaries/ ImageMagick-6.5.8-7-Q16-windows-dll.exe 2.) download php_imagick_dyn-Q16.dll from: valokuva.org/outside-blog-content/ imagick-windows-builds/080709/ copy dll to [PHP]/extension dir and rename it to php_imagick.dll 3.) You have to edit your php.ini file and add new extension "extension=php_imagick.dll" 4.) Save ini file and restart apache server. (If necessary, restart your windows) 5.) phpinfo() should show imagick enabled. after that I execute a sample script but its not working. it shows the Imagic class missing error. Please help me to install Imagick. :-(

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• How to create multiple OS on same DVD [duplicate]

  - by learner

  This question already has an answer here: How to make a multiboot CD that will start a user-chosen ISO file 7 answers I searched this forum but there are only general answers which doesn't give me desired output. Here is what I want to do. I have (1). Windows 7 ISO (2). Windows 8.1 previews ISO and (3). Ubuntu 12.10 ISO files. Using which I want to create single bootable DVD, so that after creating DVD it should ask to choose to install between 3 OS. Is it possible? If so please help me.

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• Is Cherokee (probably) the best static content server for beginner sysadmins?

  - by Bad Learner

  I have read the pros and cons of most of the popular web servers and have come to a conclusion that Apache would (probably) be the best web server for serving dynamic content - - no wonder YouTube, Flickr and Facbook, among many others, use it. I do not know if that C10K problem applies to Apache even when serving dynamic content only, but I think any web server used to serve dynamic content needs some good tweaking for optimized performance, and the fact that nothing beats Apache when it comes to documentation, resources and support on the web, I think should will go with Apache for dynamic content. That apart, the confusion begins when it comes to choosing web servers for static content (including streaming videos). I see that Nginx, Cherokee and Lighttpd are among the best (I am not considering non-open source or non-linux stuff here). So, which too choose? I know one cannot go wrong with any of the three (Nginx, Cherokee, Lighttpd). Lighttpd's development has evidently gotten slower than it was a good time ago. The documentation is pretty good for all the three, and hopefully, so are the resources (knowledge of these among the users of Stackoverflow/Serverfault sites, the web etc). Precisely, and noting point [2] and [3], if I am not wrong, I should either go with Nginx or Cherokee. I would love to see someone clarify these... is Cherokee just as fast (mb/s), performant (connections/s), and reliable (think downtime/restarting server) as Nginx for serving static content and load balancing, for small, medium to large (and really large) websites and applications? (Think, the size of YouTube, Apache or Facebook.) if the answer for the Q above is a big "hell, yes!" then, I should probably prefer Cherokee, right? Because, since I am a beginner, it would a lot easier to setup Cherokee as it has a graphical admin user interface + really good documentation. Yes? I could be wrong, I could be right. I put down what I know so that you can offer most relevant advise. Pardon if anything I've said is offensive.

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• Does Hotspot shield hide internet activities from office firewall?

  - by learner

  Our office's firewall is blocking many websites. i can access those block sites using Hotspot Shield but my question is that do my internet activities log into firewall log?

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• Can IP address transfer from person to another after he disconnects from ISP or any other way?

  - by learner

  I have been checking this website that sells a product (health related) and trying to find out if it is a scam site. The site is something.blogspot.in (and not something.blogspot.com, which happens to be a different site altogether). So is it an Indian site? It has a CBox chat box where the owner communicates with customers (or potential ones) for information. The owner shows that his product has worked for people by providing links from a forum (created by him at network54.com) where people have posted positively. One doesn't have to be registered to post on there, but the IP address of the poster gets shown along with the post. According to the owner, IP address is basis of authenticity. I found that many people had different IP addresses on their different posts. The owner has declared the nationalities of the people who posted. When I traced the IP addresses of them with this site, I found that the nationalities provided by the owner were wrong. Is it possible that when a person disconnects himself from an ISP, another person from another country gets his old IP address?

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• what is the advantage of using Linux compared with Windows OS?

  - by learner

  Hi what is the advantage of using Linux server compared with Windows .. except secure and open source answer.

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• SQLIO help decipher output

  - by SQL Learner

  When load testing on a SQL Server Box, using following (testfile is 25 GB) sqlio -kW -t8 -s360 -o8 -frandom -b8 -BH -LS g:\testfile.dat > result.txt sqlio -kW -t8 -s360 -o8 -frandom -b64 -BH -LS g:\testfile.dat >> result.txt sqlio -kW -t8 -s360 -o8 -frandom -b128 -BH -LS g:\testfile.dat >> result.txt sqlio -kW -t8 -s360 -o8 -frandom -b256 -BH -LS g:\testfile.dat >> result.txt Can anyone help me decipher output.. I do not understand latency min and average....? What does this number means IOs/sec: 10968.80 MBs/sec: 685.55 latency metrics: Min_Latency(ms): 1 Avg_Latency(ms): 5 Max_Latency(ms): 21

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• Difference between "bit-number" in filesystem and that in OS (like 32,64 bit)?

  - by learner

  I encountered 2 terms ,"FAT32", a file system and "Windows Vista 32 bit". I found that the meaning of a 32 bit OS is that that the OS deals with data in chunks of minimum size 32 bits. I don't quite understand the depth of that, but I figure ,every file in that system with that OS should have a minimum size of 32 bits. I also read that these 32 bits are used to hold data of files' location(reference) and details. Which of it is it? I have also read that 4 GB of RAM is all that is needed at the most if you're on a 32 bit OS. But I don't understand why. If there are 32 bits to hold info about files and their locations,there can be 2^32 possible combinations of it. But I have found in many places,2^32 is divided by 1024 thrice to get 4GB. Why? Did that 2^32 become equal to 2^32 bytes? And about filesystems I read a similar explanation for what 32 means in FAT32. It is supposed to mean that 32 bits are used to number file system block. Now how is different from the number before the OS?

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• How does communication between 2 computers in a single network happen?

  - by learner

  Lets say I and my friend connect our computers with a LAN cable. I ping my friend with his IP address. How does it work? Since we are in the same network, we don't even need IP addresses, do we? Isn't IP addressing only relevant in case of inter-network communication? What will the ping command do with his IP address? How will it eventually find his physical address (NIC address)? (no ARP here, because that would involve a router at the edge of the network, which doesn't apply here). Am I wrong somewhere?

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• Link Tracking

  Finding the correct way to utilize your link tracking software is actually a very simple task for even the green SEO learner. Everyone knows that you want to have as many links as possible pointing to your site to increase your rankings in the SERP's thus increasing the amount of traffic coming to your site via major search engines.

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• Xtragrid Devexpress SetRowcellValue

  - by Learner

  const int index = 1; object val = repositoryItemComboBox3.Items[index]; gridView2.SetRowCellValue(gridView2.FocusedRowHandle, object w= gridView2.GetRowCellValue(gridView2.FocusedRowHandle, "gridColumn3",val); but w does not gets updated what do I have to do more?

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• HighCharts : Adding Hyperlinks to the X-Axis of the chart

  - by learner

  I have been using HighCharts in my PHP website by migrating it from older charts and I am very impressed by the number of graph options and functions with this library. However I am not able provide hyperlinks to the values of the x-axis(or y-axis) in order to navigate to another URI. Code of Categories in this case xAxis: { categories: [ 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec' ] }, Can anyone point me to an example or documentation on Highcharts if available. Thanks

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• How to generate table of contents using dompdf?

  - by learner

  Hi I am using the dompdf library of php to generate PDF report from an HTML template. In that html template there is a section table of contents. When genrating PDF i need to update the page number of table of contents. Does anyone know how I can achieve this in dompdf library of php? Thanks in advance.

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• Unable to read .rtf file in VS.NET 2008 Setup

  - by constant learner

  Hello All I have created a simple windows application in .NET 2008. Im packaging the same into a setup file using .NET Setup and Deployment. Also i am customizing it to include a License Agreement UI. And i am pointing the License Agreement window to read the license.rtf file which is being included in the Application folder. After successful build, if i run the setup file i can see the License Agreement window but i cannot see the content of my file. Any ideas what is the issue behind this ? Regards CL

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• Average performance of binary search algorithm?

  - by Passionate Learner

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_search_algorithm#Average_performance BinarySearch(int A[], int value, int low, int high) { int mid; if (high < low) return -1; mid = (low + high) / 2; if (A[mid] > value) return BinarySearch(A, value, low, mid-1); else if (A[mid] < value) return BinarySearch(A, value, mid+1, high); else return mid; } If the integer I'm trying to find is always in the array, can anyone help me write a program that can calculate the average performance of binary search algorithm? I know I can do this by actually running the program and counting the number of calls, but what I'm trying to do here is to do it without calling the function. I'm not asking for a time complexity, I'm trying to calculate the average number of calls. For example, the average number of calls to find a integer in A[2], it would be 1.67 (5/3).

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• Issue with getting 2 chars from string using indexer

  - by Learner

  I am facing an issue in reading char values. See my program below. I want to evaluate an infix expression. As you can see I want to read '10' , '*', '20' and then use them...but if I use string indexer s[0] will be '1' and not '10' and hence I am not able to get the expected result. Can you guys suggest me something? Code is in c# class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string infix = "10*2+20-20+3"; float result = EvaluateInfix(infix); Console.WriteLine(result); Console.ReadKey(); } public static float EvaluateInfix(string s) { Stack<float> operand = new Stack<float>(); Stack<char> operator1 = new Stack<char>(); int len = s.Length; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (isOperator(s[i])) // I am having an issue here as s[i] gives each character and I want the number 10 operator1.Push(s[i]); else { operand.Push(s[i]); if (operand.Count == 2) Compute(operand, operator1); } } return operand.Pop(); } public static void Compute(Stack<float> operand, Stack<char> operator1) { float operand1 = operand.Pop(); float operand2 = operand.Pop(); char op = operator1.Pop(); if (op == '+') operand.Push(operand1 + operand2); else if(op=='-') operand.Push(operand1 - operand2); else if(op=='*') operand.Push(operand1 * operand2); else if(op=='/') operand.Push(operand1 / operand2); } public static bool isOperator(char c) { bool result = false; if (c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '*' || c == '/') result = true; return result; } } }

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