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• What are Subnet Mask and Gateway exactly

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server with multiple IP adresses. I run them on Plesk but some of the names are confusing me. One ip has a subnet mask of 225.225.225.192, another has 225.225.225.0. What does this mean and what happens if i change that. Another thing i got a gateway. What is that and when will that come in handy. Another thing I see sometimes behind the ip's is /number. For example: 200.20.20.20/24 200.20.20.20/16 200.20.20.20/8 What will these numbers say.

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• Set up nameserver with multiple domains

  - by Saif Bechan

  Hello, i have a dedicated with a primary ip and domain name. I added nameserver settings for this domain, and mx records. n1.mydomain.com ns2.mydomain.com etc. Now i want to add more domain with websites to my server. Now what is the best way to do this. Should i add the domain, and use the mydomain.com nameserver settings. Shoudl i add the domain and create his own nameserver. I should add the websites have to be optimized for best performance, fastest load time. Thank you for your time

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• PLESK Original php.ini files needed

  - by Saif Bechan

  Hello, I am using PLESK 9.2.3 with CentOS 5. I recently tried to change some things in the php.ini files, but i ended up clearing both files. stupid mistake! Is there a possibility i can get the content of both files back. I am talking about the files: /etc/php.ini /usr/local/psa/admin/conf/php.ini or was it /etc/php.ini /usr/local/psa/admin/conf/.php.ini When i browse to my PLESK panel i get the error message: Warning: Unknown: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 Fatal error: Unknown: Failed opening required 'auth.php3' (include_path='.:') in Unknown on line 0 Thats as much information i can get, i hope someone can make some sense of all this Regrads EDIT: I ended up just reinstalling plesk which was fairly easy. Something like yum install psa-plesk. There was a guide i followed, and everything worked out ok

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• mod_security2 and w00tw00t attacks

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a server with apache and i recently installed mod_config2 because I get attacked a lot by this: My apache version is apache v 2.2.3 and i user mod_security2.c [Wed Mar 24 02:35:41 2010] [error] [client 88.191.109.38] client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2616 section 14.23): /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) [Wed Mar 24 02:47:31 2010] [error] [client 202.75.211.90] client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2616 section 14.23): /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) [Wed Mar 24 02:47:49 2010] [error] [client 95.228.153.177] client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2616 section 14.23): /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) [Wed Mar 24 02:48:03 2010] [error] [client 88.191.109.38] client sent HTTP/1.1 request without hostname (see RFC2616 section 14.23): /w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:) I tried configuring mod_security2 like this: SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind" SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "\w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS" SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS" SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:" SecFilterSelective REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:)" The thing in mod_security2 is that SecFilterSelective can not be used, it gives me erros. Instead i use a rule like this: SecRule REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind" SecRule REQUEST_URI "\w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS" SecRule REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS" SecRule REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:" SecRule REQUEST_URI "w00tw00t.at.ISC.SANS.DFind:)" Even this does not work. I don't know what to do anymore. Anyone have any advice?

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• Sticky connection and HTTPS support for HAProxy

  - by Saif

  We have 2 HTTP Load balancer with HAproxy and heartbeat. There are 4 apache nodes in this cluster. It's doing round robin load balancing. The HTTP cluster working fine. We are having problem with our portal because it uses SSO. We need sticky connection support in our HAproxy. Also we need load balancing for HTTPS traffic. Here's our HAproxy conf file. global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *:5000 acl url_static path_beg -i /static /images /javascript /stylesheets acl url_static path_end -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js use_backend static if url_static default_backend app #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static balance roundrobin server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend app listen ha-http 10.190.1.28:80 mode http stats enable stats auth admin:xxxxxx balance roundrobin cookie JSESSIONID prefix option httpclose option forwardfor option httpchk HEAD /haproxy.txt HTTP/1.0 server apache1 portal-04:80 cookie A check server apache2 im-01:80 cookie B check server apache3 im-02:80 cookie B check server apache4 im-03:80 cookie B check Please advice. Thanks for your help in advance.

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• bash vs sh | What is the difference

  - by Saif Bechan

  In using i see 2 types of code #!/usr/bin/sh and #!/user/bin/bash I have Googled this and the opinions vary a lot. The explanation I have seen on most websites is that sh is older than bash, and that there is no real difference. Does someone know the difference between these and can give a practical example when to use either one of them. I highly doubt that there is no real difference, because then having to things that do the exact same thing would be just

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• Can i safely disable IPv6 in BIND to prevent logwatch entries

  - by Saif Bechan

  My logwatch is going nuts with unmatched network lookups for IPv6. One solution is to disable IPv6 and get rid of the most entries. My question is if it is save to do this. What are the pro's and cons of taking this step. I am planning on running an auction website, and I don't want to block out potential customers with my actions.

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• [Mail server configuration] The following mail servers did not display a banner

  - by Saif Bechan

  Hello, i get the following error message when i test my mail sever: The following mail servers did not display a banner: The recommended action is: Configure your mail server to display a banner upon connection. I have googled for a solution but i can't find any. Does this message make sense to anyone? Thank you

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• Necesity of ModSecurity if Apache is behind Nginx

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have my Apache installed behind Nginx. So every request that comes in is first handeled by Nginx. If there is dynamic content needed the request is send to Apache which listens on port 8080. Pretty basic reverse proxy setup. Now with this setup the first entry point is Nginx. Is it still needed to install ModSecurity to protect Apache against unwanted request. Or should I just focus on protecting Nginx as this is the first entry point. All suggestions are welcome.

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• Remote desktop to dedicated server running CentOS 5

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server running CentOS. I was wondering if it is possible to remote desktop to this server. If this is possible can someone explain to me how this works. I have downloaded a VMware image of CentSO, and i can run it with the VMware player, but I don't know what to do next. If this is possible can someone guide me in the right direction.

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• Do the amount of CUDA cores matter for Sony Vegas

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am building a new PC, and I am wondering if I am making the right choices. The PC will mainly be used for video editing, and mainly in Sony Vegas. Now I have the choice of going with a video that that has more of less CUDO cores. To be precise I am choosing between a Ti and non-Ti version of an nVidea video card. Now I have read that sony vegas can partially use the CUDA cores to it's benefit, but not that much, and only if you use GPU acceleration. On the other hand I have heard it's better to leave GPU acceleration off as it will effect the quality of the output. Making it so that the CUDA cores actually don't make much of a difference after all.

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• Active X Control issue on Terminal Server 2003

  - by Saif Khan

  I have a security camera system which can be viewed remotely via a web browser. It works excellent only with IE 6 and up and requires an ActiveX control "ERViewer.ocx". Some users require to view the cameras via Windows Terminal Server, but when they try to open the link to the DVR they get the prompt ti install the ActiveX and then the browser crashes when they try to install it. I logged in as admin and got the same issue. I called the tech support of the DVR but they have no idea, in other words, the usual useless tech support. Here is what I get in the error log Faulting application iexplore.exe, version 7.0.6000.16735, faulting module ERViewer.ocx, version 1.6.0.8, fault address 0x000064d7. I am sure it could be some kinda permission getting an ocx to run in IE. What else can I tweak?

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• Can i safely block all ports on my sever

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a web server running pleks and get attacked a lot every day. I configured a firewall, and there are some predefined services such as www, and ftp, etc. I am planning to block all the ports except for the www port and the PLESK port. When I need ftp or ssh access for example i will open the ports in PLESK and then start to work. Is this a good thing to do or are there some downsides on doing this. There are some ports I am not sure of, such as SMTP,POP3,IMAP, DNS. Can i close these ports or is there no need to do so.

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• Recompiling yum installation

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have installed Nginx using yum. Now to add modules to the existing installation i have to recompile Nginx from source. How can i recompile a yum installation. There is no source. Should I uninstall the yum package, and then download the source package and recompile it with the module and then install everything and reconfigure it again???

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• yum / rpm / make | When to use which one

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and am running CentOs. When I want to update or install certain software I came across three ways. Sometimes it's: yum install program rpm -i program.rpm wget program.tar.gz unpack ./configure make make install That last one is a real pain, esp when you come from windows where a program install is usually one click and then a nice guide. Now can someone please explain to me: Why are there so many different ways to do this? Which one do you recommend to use and why? Are there any other ways for installing programs?

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• Difference between Named and BIND

  - by Saif Bechan

  Can someone explain to me what the exact difference is between named and BIND?

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• Loggon to Internet Hotspot from within Linux Terminal

  - by Saif Bechan

  For internet I use a local Hotspot service. I have internet when I start my browser and fill in my username and password. This stays as long as I do not shut down my PC for a while. I run some virtual machines, centos, debian, from the command line. I run these just for small test purposes, nothing special, and security is not an issue for me at all. I want to have these VM's connect directly to the hotspot if this is possible. So they each have there own IP. I have enough hotspot accounts to do so. I can do this with a bridged connection in VMware which works find with a GUI. But I run these OS's from the command line. I only need to know a way how to get the hotspot to validate my credentials. Is there a way of doing this without having a gui.

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• Turning Google Apps mail inbox into Support Ticket System

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have an account at Google apps and most of my email is done trough Gmail. Now I just manually respond to support email. I was wondering if there is an easy way using filters and auto responders to create a support ticket system. I think something like this would be great, but is it possible: Gmail has to make a unique ID for every email that comes in. After that all the other incoming mails should be grouped using that unique ID and not grouped by email. Something like that, or are there things I am not taking into account. I really don't want to use separate software for this, because I think with some small configurations this can do the trick quite well. Or are there some free apps on the marketplace that do this already. I have searched for this but cannot find any. Sorry if this is not an SF question. I really didn't know which is the best fit for this question. This can be migrated to anywhere if someone things it would be answered better there.

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• Easy way of daemonizing in CentOS 5.4

  - by Saif Bechan

  I know there is a program called upstart that can make it easy to make small daemons. I can't get this program to configure on CentOS. I get all sort of errors concerning pkg-congfig, libnih, and dbus. I am working on a node.ja application and this is a pain to start and stop all the time, so I want to create a deamon for this which makes it easy to start and stop.

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• How to benchmark apache/nginx setup

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am planning to setup nginx as reverse proxy. I will have apache to deliver my dynamic content, and nginx will deliver the static content. My configuration i have now is just Apache with fastCGI. This gives me no configuration problems and runs great. After I have set up nginx I want to run some benchmarks to see if I really got some performance increases, else i will switch back. Does anyone know how I can benchmark this type of setup? Or maybe someone did this already and have some canned results, I will be glad to hear them.

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• Use Gmail for incoming mail, and own mail server for outgoing email.

  - by Saif Bechan

  I want to switch to Gmail from Google apps to handle my email. I have some internal programs that send emails to me like cronjobs, logwatch, and php applications. Is there a way to sill have the internal programs send email. The emails will be sent to account from gmail. I will close all incoming email ports on my system, and only have the outgoing ports open.

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• Why is the installation of certain programs always such a pain in Linux [closed]

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and I am trying to set up a server. For this I sometimes to need to install special software, but the installation of this is always such a pain. For example I wanted to try the htscanner to see if it did the job for me. When i got to the page there is NO INSTALLATION guide. I had to search for the right one on google. Even on google its a pain to find the right method. Just try it - google search.After a long search and tried different things I finally found out that I had te install some more software before it will work. The website says that the version I used did not had any dependencies. Thats a lie. Release0.8.1: No dependencies registered. You do need certain things for it to work. After managing to set it up it still didn't work I can't figure out why because there is no official guide on the website. So I wanted to just uninstall it and find a better solution. Uninstalling. Uninstalling something in Linux is a real mystery how this actually works. The best answer I got is to manually look for the files and delete them. Whats up with that! There is never something said about uninstalling on the websites. Even on the website of CentOS itself it tels you how to install something like rpmforge packages (it's a miracle they tell you and not have to google it) but there is no mention of what to do when you want to uninstall. Why not? The forums you get on when trying to solve your problem are most of the time in plain text, and you have to scroll trough huge error logs before you see somethings that vaguely resembles your question if you are lucky. The Question My question is if there are any recommended websites / forums that explain the basic concepts of installing and uninstalling software on Linux. And explain other useful operations. And not Wikipedia or the first hits of Google, I have been there already. I am looking for some easy to read trough guides on these operations on Linux. I have been on a lot of websites that explain some Linux operation, but I bet its easier to get a degree in rocket science than to read trough the website and understand what they try to say.

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• Adding GLUE records for Google Apps MX records

  - by Saif Bechan

  Is there a way of adding GLUE for the Google Apps MX records. I have added them all and it works fine, but in all the DNS tools I see that there is no glue sent. I know that this is not a really big problem, because the gain you get out of it is next to zero. Nevertheless I just wanted to know if it is possible and how you do it. Or if it is not possible, what is the reason for it. I have asked this question also on the Google Help Forum but with no responses so far, so I thought i'd give it a shot here.

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• Using gmail as your primary mail server

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have read that there is an option of using Gmail as your primary mail server. In the sense that you can add mx records etc and you do not have to do it on your own server. Do you think this is a recommended setup in terms of security. Will Gmail do the fight against virusses, spam, and brute force attacks for you?

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• How can I sign my server with an SSL certificate

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have a dedicated server and I want to use one domain name for default entrance to the system. My system is Apache 2 on CentOS 5.4. Lets says the domain name is mydomain.com. I have also bought an SSL certificate and installed it to work with this default domain. Still when I restart Apache I get the following error message: [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate is a CA certificate (BasicConstraints: CA == TRUE !?) [Sat May 01 02:21:22 2010] [warn] RSA server certificate CommonName (CN) `mydomain.com' does NOT match server name!? Does anyone have an idea how I can remove this message. I have the server, domain name, and ssl key.

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