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  • Mixing NIO with IO

    - by Steffen Heil
    Hi Usually you have a single bound tcp port and several connections on these. At least there are usually more connections as bound ports. My case is different: I want to bind a lot of ports and usually have no (or at least very few) connections. So I want to use NIO to accept the incoming connections. However, I need to pass the accepted connections to the existing jsch ssh library. That requires IO sockets instead of NIO sockets, it spawns one (or two) thread(s) per connection. But that's fine for me. Now, I thought that the following lines would deliver the very same result: Socket a = serverSocketChannel.accept().socket(); Socket b = serverSocketChannel.socket().accep(); SocketChannel channel = serverSocketChannel.accpet(); channel.configureBlocking( true ); Socket c = channel.socket(); Socket d = serverSocket.accept(); However the getInputStream() and getOutputStream() functions of the returned sockets seem to work different. Only if the socket was accepted using the last call, jsch can work with it. In the first three cases, it fails (and I am sorry: I don't know why). So is there a way to convert such a socket? Regards, Steffen

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  • Java Memory Model: reordering and concurrent locks

    - by Steffen Heil
    Hi The java meomry model mandates that synchronize blocks that synchronize on the same monitor enforce a before-after-realtion on the variables modified within those blocks. Example: // in thread A synchronized( lock ) { x = true; } // in thread B synchronized( lock ) { System.out.println( x ); } In this case it is garanteed that thread B will see x==true as long as thread A already passed that synchronized-block. Now I am in the process to rewrite lots of code to use the more flexible (and said to be faster) locks in java.util.concurrent, especially the ReentrantReadWriteLock. So the example looks like this: // in thread A synchronized( lock ) { lock.writeLock().lock(); x = true; lock.writeLock().unlock(); } // in thread B synchronized( lock ) { lock.readLock().lock(); System.out.println( x ); lock.readLock().unlock(); } However, I have not seen any hints within the memory model specification that such locks also imply the nessessary ordering. Looking into the implementation it seems to rely on the access to volatile variables inside AbstractQueuedSynchronizer (for the sun implementation at least). However this is not part of any specification and moreover access to non-volatile variables is not really condsidered covered by the memory barrier given by these variables, is it? So, here are my questions: Is it safe to assume the same ordering as with the "old" synchronized blocks? Is this documented somewhere? Is accessing any volatile variable a memory barrier for any other variable? Regards, Steffen

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  • MVC: Why put the business logic in the model? What happens when I've multiple types of storage?

    - by Steffen Winkler
    I always thought that the business logic has to be in the controller and that the controller, since it is the 'middle' part, stays static and that the model/view have to be capsuled via interfaces, that way you could change the business logic without affecting anything else, program multiple Models (one for each database/type of storage) and a dozens of views (for different platforms for example). Now I read in this question that you should always put the business logic into the model and that the controller is deeply connected with the view. To me, that doesn't really make sense and implies that each time I want to have the means of supporting another database/type of storage I've to rewrite my whole model including the business logic. And if I want another view, I've to rewrite both the view and the controller. May someone explain why that is or if I went wrong somewhere? Currently, that whole thing doesn't really make sense to me.

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  • Why do IOExceptions occur in ReadableByteChannel.read()

    - by Steffen Heil
    Hi The specification of ReadableByteChannel.read() shows -1 as result value for end-of-stream. Moreover it specifies ClosedByInterruptExceptionas possible result if the thread is interrupted. Now I thought that would be all - and it is most of the time. However, now and then I get the following: java.io.IOException: Eine vorhandene Verbindung wurde vom Remotehost geschlossen at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.read0(Native Method) at sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.read(SocketDispatcher.java:25) at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.readIntoNativeBuffer(IOUtil.java:233) at sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.read(IOUtil.java:206) at sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.read(SocketChannelImpl.java:236) at ... I do not unterstand why I don't get -1 in this case. Also this is not a clean exception, as I cannot catch it without catching any possible IOException. So here are my questions: Why is this exception thrown in the first place? Is it safe to assume that ANY exception thrown by read are about the socket being closed? Is all this the same for write()? And by the way: If I call SocketChannel.close() do I have to call SocketChannel.socket().close() as well or is this implied by the earlier? Thanks, Steffen

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  • Odd Tools and Techniques for System Administrators

    - by Joseph Kern
    There's been a lot of questions centering on Software Tools for System Administrators. But I would like to know about any odd physical tools or techniques that you've used; Something that you never expected to be useful, but ended up saving the day. I'll go first: A Camera Phone. An application server had a major power issue that borked the RAID. Many of the disks were offline. Before I took the plunge and forced disks back online, I took a picture of the RAID BIOS screen with my camera phone. Having the exact layout of the RAID stored safely in my pocket, I was able to reset the RAID, and reboot the server. What odd tools/techniques have you used?

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  • Apache: Limit the Number of Requests/Traffic per IP?

    - by Ian Kern
    I would like to only allow one IP to use up to, say 1GB, of traffic per day, and if that limit is exceeded, all requests from that IP are then dropped until the next day. However, a more simple solution where the connection is dropped after a certain amount of requests would suffice. Is there already some sort of module that can do this? Or perhaps I can achieve this through something like iptables? Thanks

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  • Apache: Limit the Number of Requests/Traffic per IP?

    - by Ian Kern
    I would like to only allow one IP to use up to, say 1GB, of traffic per day, and if that limit is exceeded, all requests from that IP are then dropped until the next day. However, a more simple solution where the connection is dropped after a certain amount of requests would suffice. Is there already some sort of module that can do this? Or perhaps I can achieve this through something like iptables? Thanks

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  • Ubuntu freezes while working

    - by webid4me
    Ubuntu on my laptop has frozen multiple times in last 6-7 months. Its not frequent but I can not relate the freezing to anything which I was doing. Today it froze again when I was taking notes in class - approximately at 12:00 PM. During the freeze both mouse and keyboard stopped working. I tried Alt-Ctrl-F1, Alt-Ctrl-F2 etc without any success. After that I waited few minutes & then I restarted the laptop. I checked /var/log/syslog and /var/log/kern.log and it seems that it did not log anything (I was not able to understand most of it). Please let me know if you can find something unusual at around 12:00 PM. Is there any other log which might be useful? Here are the /var/log/syslog and /var/log/kern.log files.

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  • EXC_BAD_ACCESS in CFAttributedStringSetAttribute and NSNumber?

    - by RichardR
    Hi all, I am getting an infuriating EXC_BAD_ACCESS error in an objective c app I am working on. Any help you could offer would be much appreciated. I have tried the normal debug methods for this error (turning on NSZombieEnabled, checking retain/release/autorelease to make sure I'm not trying to access a deallocated object, etc.) and it hasn't seemed to help. Basically, the error always occurs in this function: ` void op_TJ(CGPDFScannerRef scanner, void *info) { PDFPage *self = info; CGPDFArrayRef array; NSMutableString *tempString = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:1]; NSMutableArray *kernArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity:1]; if(!CGPDFScannerPopArray(scanner, &array)) { [kernArray release]; return; } for(size_t n = 0; n < CGPDFArrayGetCount(array); n += 2) { if(n >= CGPDFArrayGetCount(array)) continue; CGPDFStringRef pdfString; // if we get a PDF string if (CGPDFArrayGetString(array, n, &pdfString)) { //get the actual string const unsigned char *charstring = CGPDFStringGetBytePtr(pdfString); //add this string to our temp string [tempString appendString:[NSString stringWithCString:(const char*)charstring encoding:[self pageEncoding]]]; //NSLog(@"string: %@", tempString); //get the space after this string CGPDFReal r = 0; if (n+1 < CGPDFArrayGetCount(array)) { CGPDFArrayGetNumber(array, n+1, &r); // multiply by the font size CGFloat k = r; k = -k/1000 * self.tmatrix.a * self.fontSize; CGFloat kKern = self.kern * self.tmatrix.a; k = k + kKern; // add the location and kern to the array NSNumber *tempKern = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:k]; NSLog(@"tempKern address: %p", tempKern); [kernArray addObject:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:[NSNumber numberWithInt:[tempString length] - 1], tempKern, nil]]; } } } // create an attribute string CFMutableAttributedStringRef attString = CFAttributedStringCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorDefault, 10); CFAttributedStringReplaceString(attString, CFRangeMake(0, 0), (CFStringRef)tempString); //apply overall kerning NSNumber *tkern = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:self.kern * self.tmatrix.a * self.fontSize]; CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(attString, CFRangeMake(0, CFAttributedStringGetLength(attString)), kCTKernAttributeName, (CFNumberRef)tkern); //apply individual kern attributes for (NSArray *kernLoc in kernArray) { NSLog(@"kern location: %i, %i", [[kernLoc objectAtIndex:0] intValue],[[kernLoc objectAtIndex:1] floatValue]); CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(attString, CFRangeMake([[kernLoc objectAtIndex:0] intValue], 1), kCTKernAttributeName, (CFNumberRef)[kernLoc objectAtIndex:1]); } CFAttributedStringReplaceAttributedString([self cfAttString], CFRangeMake(CFAttributedStringGetLength([self cfAttString]), 0), attString); //release CFRelease(attString); [kernArray release]; } ` The program always crashes because of line CFAttributedStringSetAttribute(attString, CFRangeMake([[kernLoc objectAtIndex:0] intValue], 1), kCTKernAttributeName, (CFNumberRef)[kernLoc objectAtIndex:1]) And it seems to depend on a few things: if [kernLoc objectAtIndex:1] refers to an [NSNumber numberWithFloat:k] where k = 0 (in other words, if k = 0 above where I populate kernArray) then the program crashes almost immediately If I comment out the line k = k + kKern, it takes longer for the program to crash, but does eventually (why would the crash depend on this value?) If I change the length of CFRangeMake from 1 to 0, it takes a lot longer for the program to crash, but still eventually does. (I don't think I am trying to access beyond the bounds of attString, but am I missing something?) When it crashes, I get something similar to: #0 0x942c7ed7 in objc_msgSend () #1 0x00000013 in ?? () #2 0x0285b827 in CFAttributedStringSetAttribute () #3 0x0000568f in op_TJ (scanner=0x472a590, info=0x4a32320) at /Users/Richard/Desktop/AppTest/PDFHighlight 2/PDFScannerOperators.m:251 Any ideas? It seems like somewhere along the way I am overwriting memory or trying to access memory that has been changed, but I have no idea. If there's anymore information I can provide, please let me know. Thanks, Richard

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  • FreeBSD 8.1 unstable network connection

    - by frankcheong
    I have three FreeBSD 8.1 running on three different hardware and therefore consist of different network adapter as well (bce, bge and igb). I found that the network connection is kind of unstable which I have tried to scp some 10MB file and found that I cannot always get the files completed successfully. I have further checked with my network admin and he claim that the problem is being caused by the network driver which cannot support the load whereby he tried to ping using huge packet size (around 15k) and my server will drop packet consistently at a regular interval. I found that this statement may not be valid since the three server is using three different network drive and it would be quite impossible that the same problem is being caused by three different network adapter and thus different network driver. Since then I have tried to tune up the performance by playing around with the /etc/sysctl.conf figures with no luck. kern.ipc.somaxconn=1024 kern.ipc.shmall=3276800 kern.ipc.shmmax=1638400000 # Security net.inet.ip.redirect=0 net.inet.ip.sourceroute=0 net.inet.ip.accept_sourceroute=0 net.inet.icmp.maskrepl=0 net.inet.icmp.log_redirect=0 net.inet.icmp.drop_redirect=1 net.inet.tcp.drop_synfin=1 # Security net.inet.udp.blackhole=1 net.inet.tcp.blackhole=2 # Required by pf net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 #Network Performance Tuning kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216 net.inet.tcp.rfc1323=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_max=16777216 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_max=16777216 # Setting specifically for 1 or even 10Gbps network net.local.stream.sendspace=262144 net.local.stream.recvspace=262144 net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize=10 net.inet.tcp.nolocaltimewait=1 net.inet.tcp.mssdflt=1460 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.sendbuf_inc=16384 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_auto=1 net.inet.tcp.recvbuf_inc=524288 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=262144 net.inet.tcp.recvspace=262144 net.inet.udp.recvspace=262144 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=16777216 kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=1 net.inet.tcp.delacktime=100 net.inet.tcp.slowstart_flightsize=179 net.inet.tcp.inflight.enable=1 net.inet.tcp.inflight.min=6144 # Reduce the cache size of slow start connection net.inet.tcp.hostcache.expire=1 Our network admin also claim that they see quite a lot of network up and down from their cisco switch log while I cannot find any up down message inside the dmesg. Have further checked the netstat -s but dont have concrete idea. tcp: 133695291 packets sent 39408539 data packets (3358837321 bytes) 61868 data packets (89472844 bytes) retransmitted 24 data packets unnecessarily retransmitted 0 resends initiated by MTU discovery 50756141 ack-only packets (2148 delayed) 0 URG only packets 0 window probe packets 4372385 window update packets 39781869 control packets 134898031 packets received 72339403 acks (for 3357601899 bytes) 190712 duplicate acks 0 acks for unsent data 59339201 packets (3647021974 bytes) received in-sequence 114 completely duplicate packets (135202 bytes) 27 old duplicate packets 0 packets with some dup. data (0 bytes duped) 42090 out-of-order packets (60817889 bytes) 0 packets (0 bytes) of data after window 0 window probes 3953896 window update packets 64181 packets received after close 0 discarded for bad checksums 0 discarded for bad header offset fields 0 discarded because packet too short 45192 discarded due to memory problems 19945391 connection requests 1323420 connection accepts 0 bad connection attempts 0 listen queue overflows 0 ignored RSTs in the windows 21133581 connections established (including accepts) 21268724 connections closed (including 32737 drops) 207874 connections updated cached RTT on close 207874 connections updated cached RTT variance on close 132439 connections updated cached ssthresh on close 42392 embryonic connections dropped 72339338 segments updated rtt (of 69477829 attempts) 390871 retransmit timeouts 0 connections dropped by rexmit timeout 0 persist timeouts 0 connections dropped by persist timeout 0 Connections (fin_wait_2) dropped because of timeout 13990 keepalive timeouts 2 keepalive probes sent 13988 connections dropped by keepalive 173044 correct ACK header predictions 36947371 correct data packet header predictions 1323420 syncache entries added 0 retransmitted 0 dupsyn 0 dropped 1323420 completed 0 bucket overflow 0 cache overflow 0 reset 0 stale 0 aborted 0 badack 0 unreach 0 zone failures 1323420 cookies sent 0 cookies received 1864 SACK recovery episodes 18005 segment rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 26066896 byte rexmits in SACK recovery episodes 147327 SACK options (SACK blocks) received 87473 SACK options (SACK blocks) sent 0 SACK scoreboard overflow 0 packets with ECN CE bit set 0 packets with ECN ECT(0) bit set 0 packets with ECN ECT(1) bit set 0 successful ECN handshakes 0 times ECN reduced the congestion window udp: 5141258 datagrams received 0 with incomplete header 0 with bad data length field 0 with bad checksum 1 with no checksum 0 dropped due to no socket 129616 broadcast/multicast datagrams undelivered 0 dropped due to full socket buffers 0 not for hashed pcb 5011642 delivered 5016050 datagrams output 0 times multicast source filter matched sctp: 0 input packets 0 datagrams 0 packets that had data 0 input SACK chunks 0 input DATA chunks 0 duplicate DATA chunks 0 input HB chunks 0 HB-ACK chunks 0 input ECNE chunks 0 input AUTH chunks 0 chunks missing AUTH 0 invalid HMAC ids received 0 invalid secret ids received 0 auth failed 0 fast path receives all one chunk 0 fast path multi-part data 0 output packets 0 output SACKs 0 output DATA chunks 0 retransmitted DATA chunks 0 fast retransmitted DATA chunks 0 FR's that happened more than once to same chunk 0 intput HB chunks 0 output ECNE chunks 0 output AUTH chunks 0 ip_output error counter Packet drop statistics: 0 from middle box 0 from end host 0 with data 0 non-data, non-endhost 0 non-endhost, bandwidth rep only 0 not enough for chunk header 0 not enough data to confirm 0 where process_chunk_drop said break 0 failed to find TSN 0 attempt reverse TSN lookup 0 e-host confirms zero-rwnd 0 midbox confirms no space 0 data did not match TSN 0 TSN's marked for Fast Retran Timeouts: 0 iterator timers fired 0 T3 data time outs 0 window probe (T3) timers fired 0 INIT timers fired 0 sack timers fired 0 shutdown timers fired 0 heartbeat timers fired 0 a cookie timeout fired 0 an endpoint changed its cookiesecret 0 PMTU timers fired 0 shutdown ack timers fired 0 shutdown guard timers fired 0 stream reset timers fired 0 early FR timers fired 0 an asconf timer fired 0 auto close timer fired 0 asoc free timers expired 0 inp free timers expired 0 packet shorter than header 0 checksum error 0 no endpoint for port 0 bad v-tag 0 bad SID 0 no memory 0 number of multiple FR in a RTT window 0 RFC813 allowed sending 0 RFC813 does not allow sending 0 times max burst prohibited sending 0 look ahead tells us no memory in interface 0 numbers of window probes sent 0 times an output error to clamp down on next user send 0 times sctp_senderrors were caused from a user 0 number of in data drops due to chunk limit reached 0 number of in data drops due to rwnd limit reached 0 times a ECN reduced the cwnd 0 used express lookup via vtag 0 collision in express lookup 0 times the sender ran dry of user data on primary 0 same for above 0 sacks the slow way 0 window update only sacks sent 0 sends with sinfo_flags !=0 0 unordered sends 0 sends with EOF flag set 0 sends with ABORT flag set 0 times protocol drain called 0 times we did a protocol drain 0 times recv was called with peek 0 cached chunks used 0 cached stream oq's used 0 unread messages abandonded by close 0 send burst avoidance, already max burst inflight to net 0 send cwnd full avoidance, already max burst inflight to net 0 number of map array over-runs via fwd-tsn's ip: 137814085 total packets received 0 bad header checksums 0 with size smaller than minimum 0 with data size < data length 0 with ip length > max ip packet size 0 with header length < data size 0 with data length < header length 0 with bad options 0 with incorrect version number 1200 fragments received 0 fragments dropped (dup or out of space) 0 fragments dropped after timeout 300 packets reassembled ok 137813009 packets for this host 530 packets for unknown/unsupported protocol 0 packets forwarded (0 packets fast forwarded) 61 packets not forwardable 0 packets received for unknown multicast group 0 redirects sent 137234598 packets sent from this host 0 packets sent with fabricated ip header 685307 output packets dropped due to no bufs, etc. 52 output packets discarded due to no route 300 output datagrams fragmented 1200 fragments created 0 datagrams that can't be fragmented 0 tunneling packets that can't find gif 0 datagrams with bad address in header icmp: 0 calls to icmp_error 0 errors not generated in response to an icmp message Output histogram: echo reply: 305 0 messages with bad code fields 0 messages less than the minimum length 0 messages with bad checksum 0 messages with bad length 0 multicast echo requests ignored 0 multicast timestamp requests ignored Input histogram: destination unreachable: 530 echo: 305 305 message responses generated 0 invalid return addresses 0 no return routes ICMP address mask responses are disabled igmp: 0 messages received 0 messages received with too few bytes 0 messages received with wrong TTL 0 messages received with bad checksum 0 V1/V2 membership queries received 0 V3 membership queries received 0 membership queries received with invalid field(s) 0 general queries received 0 group queries received 0 group-source queries received 0 group-source queries dropped 0 membership reports received 0 membership reports received with invalid field(s) 0 membership reports received for groups to which we belong 0 V3 reports received without Router Alert 0 membership reports sent arp: 376748 ARP requests sent 3207 ARP replies sent 245245 ARP requests received 80845 ARP replies received 326090 ARP packets received 267712 total packets dropped due to no ARP entry 108876 ARP entrys timed out 0 Duplicate IPs seen ip6: 2226633 total packets received 0 with size smaller than minimum 0 with data size < data length 0 with bad options 0 with incorrect version number 0 fragments received 0 fragments dropped (dup or out of space) 0 fragments dropped after timeout 0 fragments that exceeded limit 0 packets reassembled ok 2226633 packets for this host 0 packets forwarded 0 packets not forwardable 0 redirects sent 2226633 packets sent from this host 0 packets sent with fabricated ip header 0 output packets dropped due to no bufs, etc. 8 output packets discarded due to no route 0 output datagrams fragmented 0 fragments created 0 datagrams that can't be fragmented 0 packets that violated scope rules 0 multicast packets which we don't join Input histogram: UDP: 2226633 Mbuf statistics: 962679 one mbuf 1263954 one ext mbuf 0 two or more ext mbuf 0 packets whose headers are not continuous 0 tunneling packets that can't find gif 0 packets discarded because of too many headers 0 failures of source address selection Source addresses selection rule applied: icmp6: 0 calls to icmp6_error 0 errors not generated in response to an icmp6 message 0 errors not generated because of rate limitation 0 messages with bad code fields 0 messages < minimum length 0 bad checksums 0 messages with bad length Histogram of error messages to be generated: 0 no route 0 administratively prohibited 0 beyond scope 0 address unreachable 0 port unreachable 0 packet too big 0 time exceed transit 0 time exceed reassembly 0 erroneous header field 0 unrecognized next header 0 unrecognized option 0 redirect 0 unknown 0 message responses generated 0 messages with too many ND options 0 messages with bad ND options 0 bad neighbor solicitation messages 0 bad neighbor advertisement messages 0 bad router solicitation messages 0 bad router advertisement messages 0 bad redirect messages 0 path MTU changes rip6: 0 messages received 0 checksum calculations on inbound 0 messages with bad checksum 0 messages dropped due to no socket 0 multicast messages dropped due to no socket 0 messages dropped due to full socket buffers 0 delivered 0 datagrams output netstat -m 516/5124/5640 mbufs in use (current/cache/total) 512/1634/2146/32768 mbuf clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 512/1536 mbuf+clusters out of packet secondary zone in use (current/cache) 0/1303/1303/12800 4k (page size) jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 0/0/0/6400 9k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 0/0/0/3200 16k jumbo clusters in use (current/cache/total/max) 1153K/9761K/10914K bytes allocated to network (current/cache/total) 0/0/0 requests for mbufs denied (mbufs/clusters/mbuf+clusters) 0/0/0 requests for jumbo clusters denied (4k/9k/16k) 0/8/6656 sfbufs in use (current/peak/max) 0 requests for sfbufs denied 0 requests for sfbufs delayed 0 requests for I/O initiated by sendfile 0 calls to protocol drain routines Anyone got an idea what might be the possible cause?

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  • /etc/hosts: What is loghost? (fresh install of Solaris 10 update 9)

    - by cjavapro
    # # Internet host table # ::1 localhost 127.0.0.1 localhost XX.XX.XX.XX myserver loghost What is the purpose of loghost? If it was not for having loghost in there, all the /etc/hosts files on all the servers in this particular network could be identical. Edit: I looked at /etc/syslog.conf #ident "@(#)syslog.conf 1.5 98/12/14 SMI" /* SunOS 5.0 */ # # Copyright (c) 1991-1998 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. # All rights reserved. # # syslog configuration file. # # This file is processed by m4 so be careful to quote (`') names # that match m4 reserved words. Also, within ifdef's, arguments # containing commas must be quoted. # *.err;kern.notice;auth.notice /dev/sysmsg *.err;kern.debug;daemon.notice;mail.crit /var/adm/messages *.alert;kern.err;daemon.err operator *.alert root *.emerg * # if a non-loghost machine chooses to have authentication messages # sent to the loghost machine, un-comment out the following line: #auth.notice ifdef(`LOGHOST', /var/log/authlog, @loghost) mail.debug ifdef(`LOGHOST', /var/log/syslog, @loghost) # # non-loghost machines will use the following lines to cause "user" # log messages to be logged locally. # ifdef(`LOGHOST', , user.err /dev/sysmsg user.err /var/adm/messages user.alert `root, operator' user.emerg * ) Very interesting. when shutting down,, alerts go to all users probably through *.emerg * Looking at ifdef, it seems that the first parameter checks to see if current machine is a loghost, second parameter is what to do if it is and third parameter is what to do if it is not. Edit: If you want to test a logging rule you can use svcadm restart system-log to restart the logging service and then logger -p notice "test" to send a test log message where notice can be replaced with any type such as user.err, auth.notice, etc.

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  • strange Kernel Process Threads taking over my AIX box....

    - by Paul
    When I check the Running Stats of my box I get the following: CPU User% Kern% Wait% Idle% Physc 0 37.5 57.4 0.0 5.1 0.01 2 0.0 18.3 0.0 81.7 0.00 3 0.0 22.5 0.0 77.5 0.00 4 0.0 17.0 0.0 83.0 0.00 5 0.0 20.5 0.0 79.5 0.00 6 0.0 33.7 0.0 66.3 0.00 7 0.0 4.4 0.0 95.6 0.00 8 0.0 19.3 0.0 80.7 0.00 9 0.0 22.3 0.0 77.7 0.00 10 0.0 19.2 0.0 80.8 0.00 1 0.0 1.3 0.0 98.7 0.00 11 0.0 21.8 0.0 78.2 0.00 21 0.0 62.9 0.0 37.1 0.00 12 0.0 21.1 0.0 78.9 0.00 13 0.0 22.7 0.0 77.3 0.00 14 0.0 18.1 0.0 81.9 0.00 15 0.0 21.2 0.0 78.8 0.00 16 0.0 19.1 0.0 80.9 0.00 The Kern% seems high to me and I cannot find a reason for this much Kernel activity.... Doing a deep dive into what User processes are doing I find nothing with significant CPU utilization even though TOPAS and SAR both show the same thing.... One CPU with 30-60 % user and every processor with 5-30% Kernel % utilization... What is my box doing??? here is a second sample of CPU % from TOPAS CPU User% Kern% Wait% Idle% Physc 0 67.8 31.4 0.1 0.7 0.14 2 0.0 18.2 0.0 81.8 0.00 3 0.0 20.3 0.0 79.7 0.00 4 0.0 17.3 0.0 82.7 0.00 5 0.0 20.7 0.0 79.3 0.00 6 0.0 39.2 0.0 60.8 0.00 7 0.0 5.0 0.0 95.0 0.00 8 0.0 17.9 0.0 82.1 0.00 9 0.0 22.0 0.0 78.0 0.00 10 0.0 18.0 0.0 82.0 0.00 1 0.0 0.7 0.0 99.3 0.02 11 0.0 21.7 0.0 78.3 0.00 21 0.0 21.7 0.0 78.3 0.00 12 0.0 17.0 0.0 83.0 0.00 13 0.0 21.1 0.0 78.9 0.00 14 0.0 17.8 0.0 82.2 0.00 15 0.0 21.8 0.0 78.2 0.00 16 0.0 17.6 0.0 82.4 0.00 Any ideas to help identify what is running in the Kernel Space would be great....

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  • Windows Server Backup - Recover only shows the latest backup

    - by Steffen
    We're having quite some trouble at work using Windows Server Backup. We have a HyperV server (Win 2008) running 8 virtual web servers, these are running a variety of OS'es: Win 2003, Win 2008 and a lone Debian. Each virtual server has a separate partition on the physical HyperV server, so e.g. E: is virtual server #1, F: is #2 and so forth. For backup we use Windows Server Backup, or more exactly we use the commandline tool: wbadmin.exe We need to make the backups without stopping the virtual servers, as we cannot afford the downtime (we've got users online both day and night), and Windows Server Backup offers to use the shadow copy provider to archive this. We run wbadmin like this: wbadmin start backup -backuptarget:\\remotebackuplocation\somefolder -include:E: -quiet We run it once per partition, because we've got a script wrapped around that command, for sending us an email about how it went. Each time we run wbadmin it'll delete the Backup xxxx folder it created in last backup, and just create a new. In order to prevent this from happening, we rename the backup xxx folder after each backup is run, before starting the next one. I realize we must rename it back to its original name prior to recovering, and we obviously do this. Now the issue is as follows: Even though we have all the backed up files, and rename whichever backup we want to use, to its original name, we can only see the latest backup in the Windows Server Backup GUI when we select "Recover". This means we can only recover the last partition we backup up, so e.g. E: can never be recovered. In other words we're screwed :-( My question is: Does anyone know how to use Windows Server Backup for a scenario like this ? Or is it simply not possible due to the simplicity of Windows Server Backup ? If it's not possible, could you recommend some backup software for this purpose ? We've already looked at MS' System Center Data Protection Manager, however it's quite expensive and the boss doesn't like that :-/

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  • Is there a Windows equivalent of Unix 'CPU steal time'?

    - by Steffen Opel
    In order to assess performance monitoring accuracy on virtualization platforms, the CPU steal time has become an increasingly relevant metric - see EC2 monitoring: the case of stolen CPU for an instructive summary in the context of Amazon EC2 and IBM's paper on CPU time accounting for a more in-depth technical explanation (including illustrations) of the concept: Steal time is the percentage of time a virtual CPU waits for a real CPU while the hypervisor is servicing another virtual processor. Accordingly, it is exposed in most related Unix/Linux monitoring tools nowadays - see e.g. columns %steal or st in sar or top: st -- Steal Time The amount of CPU 'stolen' from this virtual machine by the hypervisor for other tasks (such as running another virtual machine). I've been unable to figure out how to capture the same metric on Windows though, is this possible already? (Ideally for the Windows 2008 Server R2 AMIs on EC2 and via a respective Windows Performance Counters of course.)

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  • IIS serving static content gives 503 at random

    - by Steffen
    We're having a few issues with our image server. It's a Win 2008 running IIS 7.5 and it only serves static content: images. It has run without issues for quite a while, until recently when we disabled Output Caching, as we noticed having it enabled meant it sent no-cache host-headers to the clients (forcing them to fetch the images from the server every time) We've read quite a bit about it, and it seems IIS just works that way - either you use Output Caching or you get to use cache host-headers. Anyway having disabled the Output Cache, we now experience random 5 minutes intervals, where all requests just get a 503 Service Unavailable. During this period the "Files cached" performance counter staggers (neither increased nor decreased) and after the period all caches are flushed. You might find it weird I talk about caching, since we disabled Output Caching. The thing is we changed the ObjectTTL parameter in registry, so we cache files for 3 minutes (which has worked very well, our Disk I/O dropped significantly) So even with Output Caching disabled, we're still caching plenty of files - if we could just get rid of the random 503 it'd be perfect :-D We don't get any messages in the Windows event log during these 503 intervals, so we're pretty stumped as to what to do. Any ideas are very welcome :-)

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  • OpenVPN performance: how many concurrent clients are possible?

    - by Steffen Müller
    I am evaluating a system for a client where many OpenVPN clients connect to a OpenVPN server. "Many" means 50000 - 1000000. Why do I do that? The clients are distributed embedded systems, each sitting behind the system owners dsl router. The server needs to be able to send commands to the clients. My first naive approach is to make the clients connect to the server via an openvpn network. This way, the secure communication tunnel can be used in both directions. This means that all clients are always connected to the server. There are many clients summing up over the years. The question is: does the OpenVPN server explode when reaching a certain number of clients? I am already aware of a maximum TCP connection number limit, therefore (and for other reasons) the VPN would have to use UDP transport. OpenVPN gurus, what is your opinion?

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  • How to unsquash and mount arch linux live CD

    - by steffen
    I am following this manual to install Arch Linux from within another Linux distro with the help of an Arch Linux live CD. Here is what I did: sudo mount -o loop Downloads/archlinux-2012.11.01-dual.iso arch_iso/ unsquashfs -d squashfs-root/ arch_iso/arch/x86_64/root-image.fs.sfs This results in a directory squashfs-root/ containing one file: root-image.fs I assume that this is not what I want. I want to see something that looks like a Linux root folder. If I follow these steps: "mount the file system" with mount -B /squashfs-root ${livecd_arch} and mount -t proc /proc ${livecd_arch}/proc, I get error messages like: mount: mount point /home/me/arch_root//proc does not exist What am I missing? Thanks!

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  • Directory directive: AuthType None but still need an AuthProvider?

    - by Steffen Winkler
    For now I just need the server to let me download files from one specific folder (in my case I chose /opt/myFolder for that task) Distribution is Debian 6.0 *edit_start* Apache version is 2.4, according to their official documentation, the Order/Allow clauses are deprecated and should not be used anymore I'm an idiot: Apache version is 2.2. *edit_end* My directory directives in apache2.conf look like this: <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php </IfModule> ServerRoot "/etc/apache2" DocumentRoot "/opt/myFolder" <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AuthType None AllowOverride None Require all denie </Directory> <Directory "/opt/myFolder/*"> Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None AuthType None Require all allow </Directory> When I try to access a file inside that folder (http://myserver.de/aTestFile.zip) I get an Internal Server Error. Also Apache writes the following error into it's log: configuration error: couldn't check user. Check your authn provider!: /aTestFile.zip Why would I need an authn provider if I don't want any authentication? Also I hope someone can explain to me what kind of AuthenticationProvider I'd need for that. Everytime I search for those things I get pointed at people asking how to protect files/directories with passwords or restrict access to some IP addresses, which doesn't really help me. ok, since I've Apache version 2.2, here is the error I get when using the Order/Deny/Allow commands instead of AuthType/Require: Invalid command 'Order', perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configuration.

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  • List repositories from multiple projects in Trac using mod_python

    - by Steffen Eriksen
    Currently working on a customized webpage that shows the available projects I have in Trac (1.0.1). I am using mod_python to connect the trac interface. I found a standard page for this, but it didn't show listing of repositories. The page showed some variables to link to the different projects, but I can't find variables to the different repositories inside the projects. I have set up the webpage from reading this: http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/TracInterfaceCustomization (under Site Appearance) Short summary; editing ../conf.d/trac.conf: PythonOption TracEnvParentDir /parent/dir/of/projects PythonOption TracEnvIndexTemplate /path/to/template And making a template file I can edit at /path/to/template: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:py="http://genshi.edgewall.org/" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <head> <title>Available Projects</title> </head> <body> <h1>Available Projects</h1> <ul> <dl> <li py:for="project in projects" py:choose=""> <a py:when="project.href" href="$project.href" title="$project.description">$project.name</a> ## <dd> WANT TO ADD CODE HERE! </dd> <py:otherwise> <small>$project.name: <em>Error</em> <br /> ($project.description)</small> </py:otherwise> </li> </dl> </ul> </body> </html> So... The code I want to add is something like: <dd py:for="repos in project.repository" py:choose=""> <a py:when="repos.href" href="$repos.href"> $repos.name</a> </dd> I can't figure out where to add the variables, or if there already exists some variables I can use. After searching through the files it seemed like main.py had something to do with the variables (/usr/local/Trac-1.0.1/trac/web/main.py), but at first look it didn't seem easy to just add more variables. Is there a simple way to find the rest of the variables ? And how hard is it to add more variables? Will it perhaps be easier to do this an alternative way ? All I need is to link to the repositories dynamically

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  • IIS 7.5 stops serving requests for no apparent reason

    - by Steffen
    We're running a site on 4 virtual Win 2008 R2 64 bit servers. This is the only site on the IIS, and we use Windows Network Load Balancing to share the load between our 4 virtual servers. We've used these virtual servers for approximately a week, and we're starting to see some issues. For no apparent reason the IIS stops serving pages, and doesn't even respond with an error. So upon requesting a page from the server, the browser just waits infinitely (or until it decides to give up clientside) Sometimes an iisreset fixes the issue, other times we have to reboot the entire virtual server. There are no traces in the eventlog of why this happens, and there's no traces in our applications exception log neither. Furthermore this happens even when there's a very small load on the server, so it doesn't seem to be because it's flooded with requests. So frankly I'm at a loss here - I have no idea where to start debugging this issue :-( I'm quite certain we never had these issues on our physical servers, however they were running Win 2003 32bit, so there are quite a few differences between them and the virtual ones. (Which obviously makes it difficult to tell what exactly causes this)

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  • Connecting two pcs through cable, at the same time as wireless

    - by Steffen
    I've got 2 pcs setup with WLAN - however when I copy files between the machines it takes forever (obviously, since I run 801.11g). So I thought, why not just connect them directly with a cable (my wireless router is the other end of the house, that's why I don't use cables to that) However how should I configure the LAN connection on each machine, so I can use it for transferring files between them, whilst using my WLAN to access the Internet ? I was thinking about letting one machine be gateway, but then Windows pops up with a lot of warnings (basically it says this won't work when you're using two disjoint networks) And now I'm at a loss as to what to try.

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  • Why is IIS 7.5 flushing file cache very often?

    - by Steffen
    We're running a Win 2008 R2 server with IIS 7.5 for serving image files. It's only used for static content, and file caching has been set up to cache files for 10 minutes. However the IIS frequently completely flushes the cache (seen by using Perfmon) It's not application pool recycling, it's not because the TTL has expired, so now I'm at a loss :-( I've included a screenshot of the perfmon graph where you can clearly see the issue. Is there anywhere I can see WHY it's doing these flushes ? (Note: I'm aware I could maybe detect it by attaching a debugger to the process, but that's not an option because it's a production server, and it cannot handle the slowdown a debugger would cause)

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  • Using OSX home directories from linux

    - by Steffen
    I'm running an OSX (Snow Leopard) Server with OpenDirectory, which is nothing else than a modified OpenLDAP with some Apple-specific schemas. However, I want to reuse this directory on some of my Linux (Debian Squeeze) boxes. It's no problem to authenticate against OSXs LDAP Server, this works fine already. What I struggle with is the way the home folders are specified in OSX. If I query the passwd config on one of my linux machines, the OSX imported entries are looking like this myaccount:x:1034:1026:Firstname Lastname:/Network/Servers/hostname.example.com/Volumes/MyShare/Users/myaccount:/bin/bash While those network home folders might be fine for OSX-Clients, I don't want those server based paths on my linux machines. I saw that there is an NFSHomeDirectory Attribute in the OSX User inspector, but if I change this the whole user home path gets changed. Since my users should be able to login on both systems, OSX and Linux, this is not what I want. Does anyone have an idea how I must configure OSX to make my linux machines use home folders like /net/myaccount and leave the configuration for OSX clients untouched?

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  • Emulating old-school sprite flickering (theory and concept)

    - by Jeffrey Kern
    I'm trying to develop an oldschool NES-style video game, with sprite flickering and graphical slowdown. I've been thinking of what type of logic I should use to enable such effects. I have to consider the following restrictions if I want to go old-school NES style: No more than 64 sprites on the screen at a time No more than 8 sprites per scanline, or for each line on the Y axis If there is too much action going on the screen, the system freezes the image for a frame to let the processor catch up with the action From what I've read up, if there were more than 64 sprites on the screen, the developer would only draw high-priority sprites while ignoring low-priority ones. They could also alternate, drawing each even numbered sprite on opposite frames from odd numbered ones. The scanline issue is interesting. From my testing, it is impossible to get good speed on the XBOX 360 XNA framework by drawing sprites pixel-by-pixel, like the NES did. This is why in old-school games, if there were too many sprites on a single line, some would appear if they were cut in half. For all purposes for this project, I'm making scanlines be 8 pixels tall, and grouping the sprites together per scanline by their Y positioning. So, dumbed down I need to come up with a solution that.... 64 sprites on screen at once 8 sprites per 'scanline' Can draw sprites based on priority Can alternate between sprites per frame Emulate slowdown Here is my current theory First and foremost, a fundamental idea I came up with is addressing sprite priority. Assuming values between 0-255 (0 being low), I can assign sprites priority levels, for instance: 0 to 63 being low 63 to 127 being medium 128 to 191 being high 192 to 255 being maximum Within my data files, I can assign each sprite to be a certain priority. When the parent object is created, the sprite would randomly get assigned a number between its designated range. I would then draw sprites in order from high to low, with the end goal of drawing every sprite. Now, when a sprite gets drawn in a frame, I would then randomly generate it a new priority value within its initial priority level. However, if a sprite doesn't get drawn in a frame, I could add 32 to its current priority. For example, if the system can only draw sprites down to a priority level of 135, a sprite with an initial priority of 45 could then be drawn after 3 frames of not being drawn (45+32+32+32=141) This would, in theory, allow sprites to alternate frames, allow priority levels, and limit sprites to 64 per screen. Now, the interesting question is how do I limit sprites to only 8 per scanline? I'm thinking that if I'm sorting the sprites high-priority to low-priority, iterate through the loop until I've hit 64 sprites drawn. However, I shouldn't just take the first 64 sprites in the list. Before drawing each sprite, I could check to see how many sprites were drawn in it's respective scanline via counter variables . For example: Y-values between 0 to 7 belong to Scanline 0, scanlineCount[0] = 0 Y-values between 8 to 15 belong to Scanline 1, scanlineCount[1] = 0 etc. I could reset the values per scanline for every frame drawn. While going down the sprite list, add 1 to the scanline's respective counter if a sprite gets drawn in that scanline. If it equals 8, don't draw that sprite and go to the sprite with the next lowest priority. SLOWDOWN The last thing I need to do is emulate slowdown. My initial idea was that if I'm drawing 64 sprites per frame and there's still more sprites that need to be drawn, I could pause the rendering by 16ms or so. However, in the NES games I've played, sometimes there's slowdown if there's not any sprite flickering going on whereas the game moves beautifully even if there is some sprite flickering. Perhaps give a value to each object that uses sprites on the screen (like the priority values above), and if the combined values of all objects w/ sprites surpass a threshold, introduce the sprite flickering? IN CONCLUSION... Does everything I wrote actually sound legitimate and could work, or is it a pipe dream? What improvements can you all possibly think with this game programming theory of mine?

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  • Adding Chart to WordprocessingML

    - by kern
    I would like to generate an Open XML document containing a Chart using the Open Xml SDK 2. I found an SpreadsheetML example, but I can't work out how to add the chart in a .docx... Is there a good source for documentation/examples for the Open Xml SDK 2?

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