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  • Windows Server 2008R2 - can't change or remove the default gateway

    - by disserman
    We've installed VMWare Server 2.0 on Windows 2008R2. After some time playing with it (actually only removing host-only and nat networks, and binding adapters to the specified vmnets) we've noticed a strange problem: if you change or remove the default gateway on the network card, the server completely loses a network connection you can't ping it from the subnet, it also can't connect to anyone. When the gateway is removed and a server tries to connect to the other machines, I can see some incoming packets using a sniffer, but I believe they are damaged in some kind (I'm not a mega-guru in TCP/IP and can't find a mistake in a binary translation of the packet) because the other side doesn't respond. What we tried: removed vmware server using add/remove programs deleted everything related to the vmware server and all installed network adapters in the windows registry double checked for the vmware bridged protocol driver file, it's physically absent and no any links in the registry. performed a tcp/ip reset with netsh and disabled/enabled all network adapters in the device manager to recreate a registry keys for them. tried another network adapter. and the situation is the same: as soon you remove or change the default gateway, windows stops working. The total absurd of the situation is that the default gateway points to the non-existing IP. But when it's set, you can ping a server from the subnet, when you remove it - you can't. Any help? I'm starting thinking the new build of the VMWare Server is some kind of the malware... :)

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  • Lots of TIME_WAIT connections in netstat (Windows Server 2008)

    - by Rhys Causey
    I'm having some issues on a Windows 2008 server with some network connections not going through. For instance, in a web application on the server, we need to open a socket connection to another server, and this fails sometimes with the following message: Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted I looked up the error, which led me to this page: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa560610(v=bts.20).aspx, which indicates that it might be TCP/IP port exhaustion. When I perform netstat -n, I get tons of TIME_WAIT connections on port 80. Does anyone have any idea what could be causing this?

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  • How does Subnetting Work?

    - by Kyle Brandt
    How does Subnetting Work, and How do you do it by hand or in your head? Can someone explain both conceptually and with several examples? Server Fault gets lots of subnetting homework questions, so we could use an answer to point them to on Server Fault itself. What is classless routing and why is class-based routing obsolete? If I have a network, how do I figure out how to split it up? If I am given a netmask, how do I know what the network Range is for it? Sometimes there is a slash followed by a number, what is that number? Sometimes there is a subnet mask, but also a wildcard mask, they seem like the same thing but they are different? Someone mentioned something about knowing binary for this? Not looking for links to other sites (unless maybe you have one post with a bunch of good ones). I already know how to subnet, I just thought it would be nice if Server Fault had a generic subnetting answer.

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  • Linux Kernel Packet Forwarding Performance

    - by Bob Somers
    I've been using a Linux box as a router for some time now. Nothing too fancy, just enabling forwarding in the kernel, turning on masquerading, and setting up iptables to poke a few holes in the firewall. Recently a friend of mine pointed out a performance problem. Single TCP connections seem to experience very poor performance. You have to open multiple parallel TCP connections to get decent speed. For example, I have a 10 Mbit internet connection. When I download a file from a known-fast source using something like the DownThemAll! extension for Firefox (which opens multiple parallel TCP connections) I can get it to max out my downstream bandwidth at around 1 MB/s. However, when I download the same file using the built-in download manager in Firefox (uses only a single TCP connection) it starts fast and the speed tanks until it tops out around 100 KB/s to 350 KB/s. I've checked the internal network and it doesn't seem to have any problems. Everything goes through a 100 Mbit switch. I've also run iperf both internally (from the router to my desktop) and externally (from my desktop to a Linux box I own out on the net) and haven't seen any problems. It tops out around 1 MB/s like it should. Speedtest.net also reports 10 Mbits speeds. The load on the Linux machine is around 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 all the time, and it's got plenty of free RAM. It's an older laptop with a Pentium M 1.6 GHz processor and 1 GB of RAM. The internal network is connected to the built in Intel NIC and the cable modem is connected to a Netgear FA511 32-bit PCMCIA network card. I think the problem is with the packet forwarding in the router, but I honestly am not sure where the problem could be. Is there anything that would substantially slow down a single TCP stream?

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  • Solaris TCP stack tuning

    - by disserman
    We have a large web project (about 2-3k requests per second), using haproxy (http://haproxy.1wt.eu/) as a frontend and load balancer between the java application servers. The frontend (haproxy) is running on Linux but we are going to migrate it to the Solaris 10 as all our other servers are running under Solaris. After switching a traffic I see the two things: a) the web site became loading slower (5-10 seconds with images in comparison to 2-3 seconds on Linux) b) sometimes haproxy fails to perform a "lifecheck" (get a special web page and analyze http response code) due to the socket timeout. After switching traffic back to Linux everything is okay. I've tried to tune all params I found in /dev/tcp but no progress. I believe the problem is in some open socket limitations. If someone can point me to the answer, I would be greatly appreciated. p.s. haproxy is running under Xen DomU on Linux (Kernel 2.6.18, Debian 5), under zone on Solaris (10 u8). the only thing we did on Linux is increasing of ip_conntrack_max (I believe Solaris option tcp_conn_req_max_q is the equivalent).

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  • Tuning Linux IP routing parameters -- secret_interval and tcp_mem

    - by Jeff Atwood
    We had a little failover problem with one of our HAProxy VMs today. When we dug into it, we found this: Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070059] __ratelimit: 10 callbacks suppressed Jan 26 07:41:45 haproxy2 kernel: [226818.070064] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:47 haproxy2 kernel: [226819.560048] Out of socket memory Jan 26 07:41:49 haproxy2 kernel: [226822.030044] Out of socket memory Which, per this link, apparently has to do with low default settings for net.ipv4.tcp_mem. So we increased them by 4x from their defaults (this is Ubuntu Server, not sure if the Linux flavor matters): current values are: 45984 61312 91968 new values are: 183936 245248 367872 After that, we started seeing a bizarre error message: Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579726] Route hash chain too long! Jan 26 08:18:49 haproxy1 kernel: [ 2291.579732] Adjust your secret_interval! Shh.. it's a secret!! This apparently has to do with /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval which defaults to 600 and controls periodic flushing of the route cache The secret_interval instructs the kernel how often to blow away ALL route hash entries regardless of how new/old they are. In our environment this is generally bad. The CPU will be busy rebuilding thousands of entries per second every time the cache is cleared. However we set this to run once a day to keep memory leaks at bay (though we've never had one). While we are happy to reduce this, it seems odd to recommend dropping the entire route cache at regular intervals, rather than simply pushing old values out of the route cache faster. After some investigation, we found /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity which seems to be a better option for keeping the route table size in check: gc_elasticity can best be described as the average bucket depth the kernel will accept before it starts expiring route hash entries. This will help maintain the upper limit of active routes. We adjusted elasticity from 8 to 4, in the hopes of the route cache pruning itself more aggressively. The secret_interval does not feel correct to us. But there are a bunch of settings and it's unclear which are really the right way to go here. /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_elasticity (8) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_interval (60) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_min_interval (0) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_timeout (300) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/secret_interval (600) /proc/sys/net/ipv4/route/gc_thresh (?) rhash_entries (kernel parameter, default unknown?) We don't want to make the Linux routing worse, so we're kind of afraid to mess with some of these settings. Can anyone advise which routing parameters are best to tune, for a high traffic HAProxy instance?

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  • Windows XP/7: custom routing for VPN connection

    - by Peter Becker
    We are dealing with a badly configured VPN connection from a vendor, which set up the default gateway but doesn't route traffic anywhere beyond their VPN zone. I managed to do some ad-hoc routing to configure a computer in a way that it can reach the vendor's VPN, our local network as well as the internet. I then tried to turn this into a script, but that failed since the interface number of the VPN changes on every connection. Is there a way in Windows XP and/or Windows 7 to configure custom routing on the client side of a VPN connection? What I would like to do is to have a script running just after the connection comes up that changes the routing table (similar to an ifup script on UNIX).

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  • Diagnosing packet loss / high latency in Ubuntu

    - by Sam Gammon
    We have a Linux box (Ubuntu 12.04) running Nginx (1.5.2), which acts as a reverse proxy/load balancer to some Tornado and Apache hosts. The upstream servers are physically and logically close (same DC, sometimes same-rack) and show sub-millisecond latency between them: PING appserver (10.xx.xx.112) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from appserver (10.xx.xx.112): icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=0.180 ms 64 bytes from appserver (10.xx.xx.112): icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms 64 bytes from appserver (10.xx.xx.112): icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=0.153 ms We receive a sustained load of about 500 requests per second, and are currently seeing regular packet loss / latency spikes from the Internet, even from basic pings: sam@AM-KEEN ~> ping -c 1000 loadbalancer PING 50.xx.xx.16 (50.xx.xx.16): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=0 ttl=56 time=11.624 ms 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=10.494 ms ... many packets later ... Request timeout for icmp_seq 2 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=1536.516 ms 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=3 ttl=56 time=536.907 ms 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=4 ttl=56 time=9.389 ms ... many packets later ... Request timeout for icmp_seq 919 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=918 ttl=56 time=2932.571 ms 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=919 ttl=56 time=1932.174 ms 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=920 ttl=56 time=932.018 ms 64 bytes from loadbalancer: icmp_seq=921 ttl=56 time=6.157 ms --- 50.xx.xx.16 ping statistics --- 1000 packets transmitted, 997 packets received, 0.3% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 5.119/52.712/2932.571/224.629 ms The pattern is always the same: things operate fine for a while (<20ms), then a ping drops completely, then three or four high-latency pings (1000ms), then it settles down again. Traffic comes in through a bonded public interface (we will call it bond0) configured as such: bond0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:5d inet addr:50.xx.xx.16 Bcast:50.xx.xx.31 Mask:255.255.255.224 inet6 addr: <ipv6 address> Scope:Global inet6 addr: <ipv6 address> Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:527181270 errors:1 dropped:4 overruns:0 frame:1 TX packets:413335045 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240016223540 (240.0 GB) TX bytes:104301759647 (104.3 GB) Requests are then submitted via HTTP to upstream servers on the private network (we can call it bond1), which is configured like so: bond1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:xx:xx:xx:xx:5c inet addr:10.xx.xx.70 Bcast:10.xx.xx.127 Mask:255.255.255.192 inet6 addr: <ipv6 address> Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:430293342 errors:1 dropped:2 overruns:0 frame:1 TX packets:466983986 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:77714410892 (77.7 GB) TX bytes:227349392334 (227.3 GB) Output of uname -a: Linux <hostname> 3.5.0-42-generic #65~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Oct 2 20:57:18 UTC 2013 x86_64 GNU/Linux We have customized sysctl.conf in an attempt to fix the problem, with no success. Output of /etc/sysctl.conf (with irrelevant configs omitted): # net: core net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000 # net: ipv4 stack net.ipv4.tcp_ecn = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_no_metrics_save = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 10000 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 8000 65535 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_thin_dupack = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_thin_linear_timeouts = 1 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 99999999 net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 300 Output of dmesg -d, with non-ICMP UFW messages suppressed: [508315.349295 < 19.852453>] [UFW BLOCK] IN=bond1 OUT= MAC=<mac addresses> SRC=118.xx.xx.143 DST=50.xx.xx.16 LEN=68 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=51 ID=43221 PROTO=ICMP TYPE=3 CODE=1 [SRC=50.xx.xx.16 DST=118.xx.xx.143 LEN=40 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=10220 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=53817 WINDOW=8190 RES=0x00 ACK FIN URGP=0 ] [517787.732242 < 0.443127>] Peer 190.xx.xx.131:59705/80 unexpectedly shrunk window 1155488866:1155489425 (repaired) How can I go about diagnosing the cause of this problem, on a Debian-family Linux box?

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  • custom route not working on windows

    - by Michael Closson
    My windows laptop is directly connected to 192.168.1.0/24 (wireless lan). I access 10.21.0.0/16 though a router that is connected to both networks. The routing works fine with this configuration. I have a VPN, that connects to 10.0.0.0/8. The VPN network doesn't actually use any IPs in the 10.21.0.0/16 range. So I should be able to configure my routing table to route all the 10.21.0.0/16 IPs through the wireless lan, and all other 10.0.0.0/8 through the VPN. My understanding is that I can do this if the metric for the 10.21.0.0 is lower than that of the 10.0.0.0. The VPN (10.0.0.0) is automatically assigned metric 20. I have manually assigned the WLAN a metric of 1. I manually add an entry to the routing table with this command: route add 10.21.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.201 metric 1 The route is then assigned a metric of 2 (which is expected). The problem is that it doesn't work. I can't ping any machine on the 10.21.0.0 network. But I can access other stuff on the 10.0.0.0. I can also access stuff on the 192.168.1.0. To debug this i've done the following. Run tcpdump on the router (192.168.1.201). I can verify that no packets for 10.21.0.0 arrive on that interface. Disable iptables on the router. Disable the windows firewall. Run wireshark on my laptop, to try and see which interface the ping requests go to. But I can't see them go anywhere!! The ping command doesn't receive any 'destination unreachable' messages. Here is the relevant section of the routing table. IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.201 192.168.1.18 2 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 10.55.44.203 20 10.21.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.201 192.168.1.18 2

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  • Multiple home routers

    - by netvope
    Suppose I have the following configuration: Router A: WAN port connected to the Internet, LAN = 192.168.1.0/24 Computer A: Connected to router A as 192.168.1.101 Router B: WAN port connected to router A as 192.168.1.102, LAN = 192.168.2.0/24 Computer B: Connected to router B as 192.168.2.101 Now I want computer A to communicate with computer B seamlessly (e.g. can establish a TCP connection by running nc 192.168.2.101 <port>) by means of routing, rather than merging the two networks into one (which can be easily accomplished using router B as a switch). Most routers are shipped with NAT turned on, of which I definitely need to turn off in router B. But what other steps do I need to take so that packets from computer A to computer B would go through router B? I could manually add a routing table entry in computer A so that all packets targeted to 192.168.2.0/24 go through gateway 192.168.1.102, but I would prefer an automatic way if it exist.

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  • Multiple home routers

    - by netvope
    Suppose I have the following configuration: Router A: WAN port connected to the Internet, LAN = 192.168.1.0/24 Computer A: Connected to router A as 192.168.1.101 Router B: WAN port connected to router A as 192.168.1.102, LAN = 192.168.2.0/24 Computer B: Connected to router B as 192.168.2.101 Now I want computer A to communicate with computer B seamlessly (e.g. can establish a TCP connection by running nc 192.168.2.101 <port>) by means of routing, rather than merging the two networks into one (which can be easily accomplished using router B as a switch). Most routers are shipped with NAT turned on, of which I definitely need to turn off in router B. But what other steps do I need to take so that packets from computer A to computer B would go through router B? I could manually add a routing table entry in computer A so that all packets targeted to 192.168.2.0/24 go through gateway 192.168.1.102, but I would prefer an automatic way if it exist.

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  • DHCP not working after NetBIOS over TCP/IP disabled

    - by user27515
    I want to disable the "NetBIOS over TCP/IP" device in the device manager to free port 445. But after doing that my Internet stops working. I'm connected to a WLan router using DHCP on WinXP, and it is stuck forever in the "acquire network address" step. Why does it misbehave like that? I don't need NetBIOS!

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  • Can't connect to a Hyper-V VM from anywhere but the host OS

    - by Elbelcho
    I have an unusual situation on hand where I'm able to connect to a Hyper-V guest VM from the HOST, but not from anywhere but the host. The VM is running WIn2k8R2 and has IIS installed and Remote Desktop enabled. If I browse to the IP from the host OS, the IIS7 page displays. I can also RDP into the guest OS from the host as well as ping. From OFF the host, RDP, web and ping all fail. If I completely shut off the guest VM's firewall, ping will then start to respond, but all RDP and port 80 still don't. The physical host machine has 2 nics installed, but only one is plugged in. The one plugged in has a static IP. I have one Hyper-V virtual network and it's set to external. The guest VM has one NIC with a different static IP than the host, but both are on the same subnet. The host machine is joined to the domain, the guest VM is not. Any sugestions? Thanks so much for any help you may be able to provide!

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  • Is it possible to disable ARP in Windows 7

    - by DriverGuy
    I have a unique requirement where I need to disable ARP on a Windows 7 box. In previous Windows versions you could modify the ArpRetryCount in the registry (and set it to 0), but this does not work in 7 (nor does it exist). Does anybody know how, or if this is possible? I've been asked to elaborate this more and I'm not quite sure how. I want to switch off ARP (including gratuitous arp) on Windows 7 for a project I'm working on. You can do this in Linux by simply adding '-arp' when you bring up an interface, but you cannot do this in Windows 7. You could in previous versions by modifying the registry, but this does not work any more. If the fine folk here aren't sure then I don't like my chances...

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  • workstation 7 and host-only no connectivity

    - by Steff
    hello, I have a WinXP 32 host (IBM T400) with VWware workstation 7 (7.0.1 build-227600) and some guest OS (Win xp, NT, etc.) I can ping from the host to guest OS and vice versa, but... every other "protocols" do not work at all. No http from host to guest, no CIFS, nothing, nothing, nothing. Windows firewall is turned off, TCP/IP filer is turned off. i re-installed VMware workstation, then the networking started working again, but, after some reboots... it stopped again. Connectivity among guest OS... it works FINE. Can not understand... problems exist just between host and guest. Host-only or NAT... it is the same. Any suggestion?

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  • workstation 7 and host-only no connectivity

    - by Steff
    hello, I have a WinXP 32 host (IBM T400) with VWware workstation 7 (7.0.1 build-227600) and some guest OS (Win xp, NT, etc.) I can ping from the host to guest OS and vice versa, but... every other "protocols" do not work at all. No http from host to guest, no CIFS, nothing, nothing, nothing. Windows firewall is turned off, TCP/IP filer is turned off. i re-installed VMware workstation, then the networking started working again, but, after some reboots... it stopped again. Connectivity among guest OS... it works FINE. Can not understand... problems exist just between host and guest. Host-only or NAT... it is the same. Any suggestion?

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  • How is the MTU is 65535 in UDP but ethernet does not allow frame size more than 1500 bytes

    - by nikku
    I am using a fast ethernet of 100 Mbps, whose frame size is less than 1500 bytes (1472 bytes for payload as per my textbook). In that, I was able to send and receive a UDP packet of message size 65507 bytes, which means the packet size was 65507 + 20 (IP Header) + 8 (UDP Header) = 65535. If the frame's payload size itself is maximum of 1472 bytes (as per my textbook), how can the packet size of IP be greater than that which here is 65535? I used sender code as char buffer[100000]; for (int i = 1; i < 100000; i++) { int len = send (socket_id, buffer, i); printf("%d\n", len); } Receiver code as while (len = recv (socket_id, buffer, 100000)) { printf("%d\n". len); } I observed that send returns -1 on i > 65507 and recv prints or receives a packet of maximum of length 65507.

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  • Syn_Recievd on port 80 , IIS 7.5

    - by Ashian
    Hi I have a trouble on my windows 2008 server. I host several web site on it. From some days ago, my web sites stop responding on port 80 after a while. In this time I can't access web sites from local machine and from remote. I can also browse websites on other ports ( custom port that I set) I find that I have many Syn_Received status on netstat. And when web sites stop, I got only syn_received on port 80. I have to restart server because when I try to restart IIS , it takes a long time to stop W3SVC and many times it doesn’t stop at all. Would anyone please tell me : - How can I manage Syn Attack ? Thanks

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  • Windows 7 DHCP Default Gateway not Overridden by manual Default Gateway

    - by dgwilson
    We have recently installed Windows 7 for student computers. All student computers must be routed through our content filter which is located at 192.168.0.63. This was done in WinXP by adding a Default Gateway in the network adapter settings TCP/IP Properties Advanced Default Gateway. All teacher computers are routed through the DHCP assigned Default Gateway of 192.168.0.1. In WinXP the dhcp default gateway was correctly overridden by this manual setting. In Win7 it appears that the dhcp default gateway is retained and the manual one is added to the list so that there are two with the dhcp one having the primary metric. I have tried several ways to remove the dhcp default gateway such as, running the "route delete 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1" command. Doing this from an administrator command prompt works but it just resets upon reboot. I've tried adding this command to the registry's Run section but it seems to run as a non-administrator and therefore will not complete successfully. Is there any way to prevent this and force the manual default gateway to override the dhcp one? Or to remove the dhcp assigned one automatically on boot/login? HELP! We CANNOT allow student computers to connect to the internet without going through the content filter.

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  • Windows 7 DHCP Default Gateway not Overridden by manual Default Gateway

    - by dgwilson
    We have recently installed Windows 7 for student computers. All student computers must be routed through our content filter which is located at 192.168.0.63. This was done in WinXP by adding a Default Gateway in the network adapter settings TCP/IP Properties Advanced Default Gateway. All teacher computers are routed through the DHCP assigned Default Gateway of 192.168.0.1. In WinXP the dhcp default gateway was correctly overridden by this manual setting. In Win7 it appears that the dhcp default gateway is retained and the manual one is added to the list so that there are two with the dhcp one having the primary metric. I have tried several ways to remove the dhcp default gateway such as, running the "route delete 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1" command. Doing this from an administrator command prompt works but it just resets upon reboot. I've tried adding this command to the registry's Run section but it seems to run as a non-administrator and therefore will not complete successfully. Is there any way to prevent this and force the manual default gateway to override the dhcp one? Or to remove the dhcp assigned one automatically on boot/login? HELP! We CANNOT allow student computers to connect to the internet without going through the content filter.

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  • Change the default route without affecting existing TCP connections

    - by Patrick Horn
    Let's say I have two public network addresses on my server: one NAT through an ISP (192.168.99.0/24), and a VPN through a different ISP (192.168.1.0/24), already configured with a per-host route to the VPN server through my ISP. Here is my initial routing table. I am currently routing through my ISP on subnet 192.168.99.0/24. $ route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.99.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 55.66.77.88 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.99.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 tap0 Now, I want new TCP connections to switch to my 192.168.1.0/24 so I type the following: $ route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 dev tap0 When I do this, it causes some long-standing TCP connections to hang. Is there a way to I safely change the default interface for new connections, while allowing existing TCP connections to use the old route (i.e. do I need enable some sort of stateful routing table)? I am okay with a solution that only works with established TCP connections, and I don't care how hacky it is. For example, if there is a way to add temporary iptables rules for existing connections to force them over the old route. But there has to be some way to do this. EDIT: Just a note about a simple "route add -host ... " for existing connections: this solution would work if I am fine with leaving a subset of IPs on the old interface. However, in my application, this actually doesn't solve my problem because I want to allow new connections to come on the new interface even if they have the same source IP. I'm now looking at using the "ip route" command to set source-based routing rules.

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  • "Address already in use" error from socket bind, when ports are not being used

    - by Ivan Novick
    I can not bind (using C or python sockets) to any port in the range: 59969-60000 Using lsof, netstat and fuser I do not see any processes using these ports. Other ports such as 59900-59968 and 60001-60009 I can bind to them. My OS: is CentOS release 5.5 (Final) 2.6.18-194.3.1.el5 There must be something missing? Anyone have any idea how to debug why this port range is not usable? Cheers, Ivan

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  • How do I apply multiple subnets to a server with one NIC?

    - by Cosban
    I am trying to route multiple IPs through one physical NIC on my dedicated server for use with Proxmox KVM VMs. I have a dedicated server which is currently running Debian 4.4.5-8 with 3 available ip addresses for use, which will be displayed as 176.xxx.xxx.196 (main), 176.xxx.xxx.198 (on same subnet as main) and 5.xxx.xxx.166 (different subnet). I am currently trying to route the third IP address with the dedi for use with a vps that I have set up using proxmox v2.x but am having a really, really hard time doing so. Virtual interfaces binding the additional IP addresses work as expected, ruling out external routing problems. The provider has given the following information for the IP addresses on the main subnet: gateway: 176.xxx.xxx.193 netmask: 255.255.255.224 broadcast: 176.xxx.xxx.223 As well as the following information for the IP address on the second subnet: gateway: 5.xxx.xxx.161 netmask: 255.255.255.248 broadcast: 5.xxx.xxx.167 Everything I've tried with /etc/network/interfaces has either not worked, or has rendered the network completely useless. This is the current state of the file, which has the secondary IP address working on the same subnet as well as IPv6 working, but not the second subnet. # Nativen IPv6 Schnittstelle iface eth0 inet6 manual # Bridge IPv4 Schnittstelle (176.xxx.xxx.193/27) auto vmbr0 iface vmbr0 inet static address 176.xxx.xxx.196 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 176.xxx.xxx.193 broadcast 176.xxx.xxx.223 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 post-up ip addr add 176.xxx.xxx.198/27 dev vmbr0 auto vmbr1 iface vmbr1 inet static address 5.xxx.xxx.166 netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway 5.xxx.xxx.161 broadcast 5.xxx.xxx.167 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 0 post-up ip addr add 5.xxx.xxx.166/27 dev vmbr1 # Bridge IPv6 Schnittstelle (Reichweite: xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx::/64) iface vmbr0 inet6 static address xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx netmask 64 up ip -6 route add xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx dev vmbr0 down ip -6 route del xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx dev vmbr0 up ip -6 route add default via xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx dev vmbr0 down ip -6 route del default via xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx dev vmbr0

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