No sound after video card replaced (AMD Radeon HD 7770)
- by Sean
Issue: no sound
System:
Dual boot
Windows 7 (sda)
Ubuntu 12.04 (sdb)
2 harddrives
Dell XPS 730
Video card: AMD Radeo HD 7770 Diamond Multimedia
Sound card: Creative Labs SB X-Fi
Additional info:
My sound used to work.
Then, my old video card (NVIDIA geforce 280) died.
I bought and installed a new video card: Radeon HD 7770.
After this, my sound no longer worked in ubuntu (Win7 audio still works).
Everything else in ubuntu, such as video, works fine.
I suspect it has something to do with the fact that the Radeon card includes sound capability.
Problem Details:
If I click on System Settings - Sound, the panel freezes and stops responding indefinitely.
The sound volume icon at the top of the screen (by the clock) shows 3 dashes beside it "---", and an empty drop-down box shows if I click on it.
(Possibly related to 1.) When I reboot my machine, I get the message: "gnome settings daemon not responding". I have to force the reboot.
I reinstalled ubunbu (perserving my home directory) and the problem persists.
Diagnostics info:
Following procedure outlined here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting
The following is a list of terminal commands, and their output:
$ aplay -l
List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices
There is no listing beyond that, and the command freezes until I hit control-c
$ lspci -v | grep -A7 -i "audio"
00:0f.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation MCP55 High Definition Audio
(rev a2) Subsystem: Dell Device 0224 Flags: bus master, 66MHz, fast
devsel, latency 0, IRQ 23 Memory at dfff0000 (32-bit,
non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel
driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
-- 01:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] nee ATI Device aab0 Subsystem: Diamond Multimedia Systems Device aab0 Flags: bus
master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 43 Memory at dfefc000 (64-bit,
non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: <access denied> Kernel
driver in use: snd_hda_intel Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
-- 03:0a.0 Audio device: Creative Labs SB X-Fi Subsystem: Creative Labs Device 6002 Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 32, IRQ 18
Memory at dbff4000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Memory at
dbc00000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=2M] Memory at d4000000
(64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64M] I/O ports at 8c00 [size=32]
Capabilities: <access denied>
Notice the Diamond Multimedia Systems Device - that seems to be my video card sound. My video card is Diamond multimedia.
Also there's the weird NVIDIA device in there. That must either be a remnant of my now removed NVIDIA graphics card, or else some kind of on-board thing. Not sure which.
$ killall pulseaudio
This allows me to open system settings - sound.
But the "Test Sound" button makes no sound
And the output volume + mute controls are greyed / disabled at 0 volume.
It also allows me to click on the sound control in the "task bar" (beside the clock), and a volume slider drops down, but it is disabled / greyed at 0 volume.
$ find /lib/modules/uname -r | grep snd
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-88pm860x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic3x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8900.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8978.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320dac33.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm9090.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-sta32x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max98088.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max9850.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-rt5631.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8903.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8580.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8523.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max9877.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ads117x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8955.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8804.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-sgtl5000.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8750.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm2000.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic32x4.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4642.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ad193x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8753.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4535.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8985.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8350.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-dfbmcs320.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cs42l51.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic26.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8737.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-uda1380.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8776.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8995.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tpa6130a2.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8727.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm5100.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8991.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8510.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-jz4740-codec.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8400.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-lm4857.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8960.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-alc5623.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cs4270.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-tlv320aic23.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8993.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8961.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8940.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-uda134x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ad1836.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8994.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8782.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cs4271.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8974.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8983.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8962.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4641.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm-hubs.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8971.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8996.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wl1273.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adav80x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-spdif.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-pcm3008.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-cx20442.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4671.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8711.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ad73311.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-max98095.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm9081.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8741.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm1250-ev1.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8988.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-adau1373.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8731.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-l3.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ssm2602.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-da7210.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-ak4104.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8904.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8728.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8770.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/codecs/snd-soc-wm8990.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/soc/snd-soc-core.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/synth/emux/snd-emux-synth.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/synth/snd-util-mem.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-hrtimer.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-hwdep.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-pcm.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-rawmidi.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/oss/snd-mixer-oss.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-page-alloc.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-midi.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-dummy.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-virmidi.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-device.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-midi-event.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/seq/snd-seq-midi-emul.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/core/snd-timer.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pcmcia/pdaudiocf/snd-pdaudiocf.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pcmcia/vx/snd-vxpocket.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/6fire/snd-usb-6fire.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usbmidi-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/caiaq/snd-usb-caiaq.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-usx2y.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/usx2y/snd-usb-us122l.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/snd-usb-audio.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/usb/misc/snd-ua101.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl3/snd-opl3-synth.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl3/snd-opl3-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl4/snd-opl4-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/opl4/snd-opl4-synth.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-portman2x4.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-serial-u16550.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-mts64.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-mtpav.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/mpu401/snd-mpu401.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/mpu401/snd-mpu401-uart.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/vx/snd-vx-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-dummy.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-aloop.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/pcsp/snd-pcsp.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/drivers/snd-virmidi.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/firewire/snd-firewire-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/firewire/snd-firewire-speakers.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/firewire/snd-isight.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/snd-tea6330t.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-tea575x-tuner.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4113.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-pt2258.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4117.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4xxx-adda.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/other/snd-ak4114.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/snd-cs8427.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/i2c/snd-i2c.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/emu10k1/snd-emu10k1-synth.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/emu10k1/snd-emu10k1.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/emu10k1/snd-emu10k1x.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/korg1212/snd-korg1212.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/snd-au8830.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/snd-au8820.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/au88x0/snd-au8810.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/aw2/snd-aw2.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-sis7019.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-ens1371.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/vx222/snd-vx222.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-via82xx.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1968.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-atiixp-modem.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-cs4281.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-sonicvibes.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-intel8x0.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-maestro3.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ac97/snd-ac97-codec.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-es1938.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-fm801.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/nm256/snd-nm256.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-realtek.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-cmedia.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-conexant.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-intel.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-analog.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-hdmi.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-idt.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-ca0110.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-cirrus.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-via.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-ca0132.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec-si3054.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/hda/snd-hda-codec.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/riptide/snd-riptide.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-ens1370.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-als4000.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-intel8x0m.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ca0106/snd-ca0106.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-cs5530.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/cs5535audio/snd-cs5535audio.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-rme32.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ymfpci/snd-ymfpci.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ctxfi/snd-ctxfi.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/snd-azt3328.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/cs46xx/snd-cs46xx.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/lx6464es/snd-lx6464es.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ice1712/snd-ice1712.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ice1712/snd-ice17xx-ak4xxx.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ice1712/snd-ice1724.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/mixart/snd-mixart.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/ali5451/snd-ali5451.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/lola/snd-lola.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/oxygen/snd-oxygen-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/oxygen/snd-oxygen.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/pci/oxygen/snd-virtuoso.ko
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/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-emu8000-synth.ko
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/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb8-dsp.ko
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/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/sb/snd-sb16-csp.ko
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/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/galaxy/snd-azt2316.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/wavefront/snd-wavefront.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/wss/snd-wss-lib.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-sc6000.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-sscape.ko
/lib/modules/3.2.0-29-generic-pae/kernel/sound/isa/snd-opl3sa2.ko
