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  • Image processing: smart solution for converting superixel (128x128 pixel) coordinates needed

    - by zhengtonic
    Hi, i am searching for a smart solution for this problem: A cancer ct picture is stored inside a unsigned short array (1-dimensional). I have the location information of the cancer region inside the picture, but the coordinates (x,y) are in superpixel (128x128 unsigned short). My task is to highlight this region. I already solved this one by converting superpixel coordinates into a offset a can use for the unsigned short array. It works fine but i wonder if there is a smarter way to solve this problem, since my solution needs 3 nested for-loops. Is it possible to access the ushort array "superpixelwise", so i can navigate the ushort array in superpixels. ... // i know this does no work ... just to give you an idea what i was thinking of ... typedef struct { unsigned short[128x128] } spix; spix *spixptr; unsigned short * bufptr = img->getBuf(); spixptr = bufptr; ... best regards, zhengtonic

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  • wglCreateContext in C# failing but not in managed C++

    - by SeeR
    I'm trying to use opengl in C#. I have following code which fails with error 2000 ERROR_INVALID_PIXEL_FORMAT First definitions: [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)] public static extern IntPtr GetDC(IntPtr hWnd); [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR { public void Init() { nSize = (ushort) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof (PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR)); nVersion = 1; dwFlags = PFD_FLAGS.PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_FLAGS.PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_FLAGS.PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER | PFD_FLAGS.PFD_SUPPORT_COMPOSITION; iPixelType = PFD_PIXEL_TYPE.PFD_TYPE_RGBA; cColorBits = 24; cRedBits = cRedShift = cGreenBits = cGreenShift = cBlueBits = cBlueShift = 0; cAlphaBits = cAlphaShift = 0; cAccumBits = cAccumRedBits = cAccumGreenBits = cAccumBlueBits = cAccumAlphaBits = 0; cDepthBits = 32; cStencilBits = cAuxBuffers = 0; iLayerType = PFD_LAYER_TYPES.PFD_MAIN_PLANE; bReserved = 0; dwLayerMask = dwVisibleMask = dwDamageMask = 0; } ushort nSize; ushort nVersion; PFD_FLAGS dwFlags; PFD_PIXEL_TYPE iPixelType; byte cColorBits; byte cRedBits; byte cRedShift; byte cGreenBits; byte cGreenShift; byte cBlueBits; byte cBlueShift; byte cAlphaBits; byte cAlphaShift; byte cAccumBits; byte cAccumRedBits; byte cAccumGreenBits; byte cAccumBlueBits; byte cAccumAlphaBits; byte cDepthBits; byte cStencilBits; byte cAuxBuffers; PFD_LAYER_TYPES iLayerType; byte bReserved; uint dwLayerMask; uint dwVisibleMask; uint dwDamageMask; } [Flags] public enum PFD_FLAGS : uint { PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER = 0x00000001, PFD_STEREO = 0x00000002, PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW = 0x00000004, PFD_DRAW_TO_BITMAP = 0x00000008, PFD_SUPPORT_GDI = 0x00000010, PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL = 0x00000020, PFD_GENERIC_FORMAT = 0x00000040, PFD_NEED_PALETTE = 0x00000080, PFD_NEED_SYSTEM_PALETTE = 0x00000100, PFD_SWAP_EXCHANGE = 0x00000200, PFD_SWAP_COPY = 0x00000400, PFD_SWAP_LAYER_BUFFERS = 0x00000800, PFD_GENERIC_ACCELERATED = 0x00001000, PFD_SUPPORT_DIRECTDRAW = 0x00002000, PFD_DIRECT3D_ACCELERATED = 0x00004000, PFD_SUPPORT_COMPOSITION = 0x00008000, PFD_DEPTH_DONTCARE = 0x20000000, PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER_DONTCARE = 0x40000000, PFD_STEREO_DONTCARE = 0x80000000 } public enum PFD_LAYER_TYPES : byte { PFD_MAIN_PLANE = 0, PFD_OVERLAY_PLANE = 1, PFD_UNDERLAY_PLANE = 255 } public enum PFD_PIXEL_TYPE : byte { PFD_TYPE_RGBA = 0, PFD_TYPE_COLORINDEX = 1 } [DllImport("gdi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)] public static extern int ChoosePixelFormat(IntPtr hdc, [In] ref PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR ppfd); [DllImport("gdi32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)] public static extern bool SetPixelFormat(IntPtr hdc, int iPixelFormat, ref PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR ppfd); [DllImport("opengl32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)] public static extern IntPtr wglCreateContext(IntPtr hDC); And now the code that fails: IntPtr dc = Win.GetDC(hwnd); var pixelformatdescriptor = new GL.PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR(); pixelformatdescriptor.Init(); var pixelFormat = GL.ChoosePixelFormat(dc, ref pixelformatdescriptor); if(!GL.SetPixelFormat(dc, pixelFormat, ref pixelformatdescriptor)) throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); IntPtr hglrc; if((hglrc = GL.wglCreateContext(dc)) == IntPtr.Zero) throw new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()); //<----- here I have exception the same code in managed C++ is working HDC dc = GetDC(hWnd); PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pf; pf.nSize = sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR); pf.nVersion = 1; pf.dwFlags = PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER | PFD_SUPPORT_COMPOSITION; pf.cColorBits = 24; pf.cRedBits = pf.cRedShift = pf.cGreenBits = pf.cGreenShift = pf.cBlueBits = pf.cBlueShift = 0; pf.cAlphaBits = pf.cAlphaShift = 0; pf.cAccumBits = pf.cAccumRedBits = pf.cAccumGreenBits = pf.cAccumBlueBits = pf.cAccumAlphaBits = 0; pf.cDepthBits = 32; pf.cStencilBits = pf.cAuxBuffers = 0; pf.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE; pf.bReserved = 0; pf.dwLayerMask = pf.dwVisibleMask = pf.dwDamageMask = 0; int ipf = ChoosePixelFormat(dc, &pf); SetPixelFormat(dc, ipf, &pf); HGLRC hglrc = wglCreateContext(dc); I've tried it on VIsta 64-bit with ATI graphic card and on Windows XP 32-bit with Nvidia with the same result in both cases. Also I want to mention that I don't want to use any already written framework for it. Can anyone show me where is the bug in C# code that is causing the exception?

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  • How to programatically read native DLL imports in C#?

    - by Eric
    The large hunk of C# code below is intended to print the imports of a native DLL. I copied it from from this link and modified it very slightly, just to use LoadLibraryEx as Mike Woodring does here. I find that when I call the Foo.Test method with the original example's target, MSCOREE.DLL, it prints all the imports fine. But when I use other dlls like GDI32.DLL or WSOCK32.DLL the imports do not get printed. What's missing from this code that would let it print all the imports as, for example, DUMPBIN.EXE does? (Is there a hint I'm not grokking in the original comment that says, "using mscoree.dll as an example as it doesnt export any thing"?) Here's the extract that just shows how it's being invoked: public static void Test() { // WORKS: var path = @"c:\windows\system32\mscoree.dll"; // NO ERRORS, BUT NO IMPORTS PRINTED EITHER: //var path = @"c:\windows\system32\gdi32.dll"; //var path = @"c:\windows\system32\wsock32.dll"; var hLib = LoadLibraryEx(path, 0, DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES | LOAD_IGNORE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL); TestImports(hLib, true); } And here is the whole code example: namespace PETest2 { [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] public unsafe struct IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME { [FieldOffset(0)] public ushort Hint; [FieldOffset(2)] public fixed char Name[1]; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] public struct IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR { #region union /// <summary> /// CSharp doesnt really support unions, but they can be emulated by a field offset 0 /// </summary> [FieldOffset(0)] public uint Characteristics; // 0 for terminating null import descriptor [FieldOffset(0)] public uint OriginalFirstThunk; // RVA to original unbound IAT (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA) #endregion [FieldOffset(4)] public uint TimeDateStamp; [FieldOffset(8)] public uint ForwarderChain; [FieldOffset(12)] public uint Name; [FieldOffset(16)] public uint FirstThunk; } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)] public struct THUNK_DATA { [FieldOffset(0)] public uint ForwarderString; // PBYTE [FieldOffset(4)] public uint Function; // PDWORD [FieldOffset(8)] public uint Ordinal; [FieldOffset(12)] public uint AddressOfData; // PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME } public unsafe class Interop { #region Public Constants public static readonly ushort IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT = 1; #endregion #region Private Constants #region CallingConvention CALLING_CONVENTION /// <summary> /// Specifies the calling convention. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// Specifies <see cref="CallingConvention.Winapi" /> for Windows to /// indicate that the default should be used. /// </remarks> private const CallingConvention CALLING_CONVENTION = CallingConvention.Winapi; #endregion CallingConvention CALLING_CONVENTION #region IMPORT DLL FUNCTIONS private const string KERNEL_DLL = "kernel32"; private const string DBGHELP_DLL = "Dbghelp"; #endregion #endregion Private Constants [DllImport(KERNEL_DLL, CallingConvention = CALLING_CONVENTION, EntryPoint = "GetModuleHandleA"), SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] public static extern void* GetModuleHandleA(/*IN*/ char* lpModuleName); [DllImport(KERNEL_DLL, CallingConvention = CALLING_CONVENTION, EntryPoint = "GetModuleHandleW"), SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] public static extern void* GetModuleHandleW(/*IN*/ char* lpModuleName); [DllImport(KERNEL_DLL, CallingConvention = CALLING_CONVENTION, EntryPoint = "IsBadReadPtr"), SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] public static extern bool IsBadReadPtr(void* lpBase, uint ucb); [DllImport(DBGHELP_DLL, CallingConvention = CALLING_CONVENTION, EntryPoint = "ImageDirectoryEntryToData"), SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] public static extern void* ImageDirectoryEntryToData(void* Base, bool MappedAsImage, ushort DirectoryEntry, out uint Size); } static class Foo { // From winbase.h in the Win32 platform SDK. // const uint DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES = 0x00000001; const uint LOAD_IGNORE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL = 0x00000010; [DllImport("kernel32.dll"), SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurity] static extern uint LoadLibraryEx(string fileName, uint notUsedMustBeZero, uint flags); public static void Test() { //var path = @"c:\windows\system32\mscoree.dll"; //var path = @"c:\windows\system32\gdi32.dll"; var path = @"c:\windows\system32\wsock32.dll"; var hLib = LoadLibraryEx(path, 0, DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES | LOAD_IGNORE_CODE_AUTHZ_LEVEL); TestImports(hLib, true); } // using mscoree.dll as an example as it doesnt export any thing // so nothing shows up if you use your own module. // and the only none delayload in mscoree.dll is the Kernel32.dll private static void TestImports( uint hLib, bool mappedAsImage ) { unsafe { //fixed (char* pszModule = "mscoree.dll") { //void* hMod = Interop.GetModuleHandleW(pszModule); void* hMod = (void*)hLib; uint size = 0; uint BaseAddress = (uint)hMod; if (hMod != null) { Console.WriteLine("Got handle"); IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR* pIID = (IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR*)Interop.ImageDirectoryEntryToData((void*)hMod, mappedAsImage, Interop.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT, out size); if (pIID != null) { Console.WriteLine("Got Image Import Descriptor"); while (!Interop.IsBadReadPtr((void*)pIID->OriginalFirstThunk, (uint)size)) { try { char* szName = (char*)(BaseAddress + pIID->Name); string name = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)szName); Console.WriteLine("pIID->Name = {0} BaseAddress - {1}", name, (uint)BaseAddress); THUNK_DATA* pThunkOrg = (THUNK_DATA*)(BaseAddress + pIID->OriginalFirstThunk); while (!Interop.IsBadReadPtr((void*)pThunkOrg->AddressOfData, 4U)) { char* szImportName; uint Ord; if ((pThunkOrg->Ordinal & 0x80000000) > 0) { Ord = pThunkOrg->Ordinal & 0xffff; Console.WriteLine("imports ({0}).Ordinal{1} - Address: {2}", name, Ord, pThunkOrg->Function); } else { IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME* pIBN = (IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME*)(BaseAddress + pThunkOrg->AddressOfData); if (!Interop.IsBadReadPtr((void*)pIBN, (uint)sizeof(IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME))) { Ord = pIBN->Hint; szImportName = (char*)pIBN->Name; string sImportName = Marshal.PtrToStringAnsi((IntPtr)szImportName); // yes i know i am a lazy ass Console.WriteLine("imports ({0}).{1}@{2} - Address: {3}", name, sImportName, Ord, pThunkOrg->Function); } else { Console.WriteLine("Bad ReadPtr Detected or EOF on Imports"); break; } } pThunkOrg++; } } catch (AccessViolationException e) { Console.WriteLine("An Access violation occured\n" + "this seems to suggest the end of the imports section\n"); Console.WriteLine(e); } pIID++; } } } } } Console.WriteLine("Press Any Key To Continue......"); Console.ReadKey(); } }

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  • Convert an Enum to String

    - by Aamir Hasan
     Retrieves the name of the constant in the specified enumeration that has the specified value. If you have used an enum before you will know that it can represent numbers (usually int but also byte, sbyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, and ulong) but not strings. I created my enum and I was in the process of coding up a lookup table to convert my enum parameter back into a string when I found this handy method called Enum.GetName(). using System;public class GetNameTest { enum Colors { Red, Green, Blue, Yellow }; enum Styles { Plaid, Striped, Tartan, Corduroy }; public static void Main() {Response.Write("The 4th value of the Colors Enum is" + Enum.GetName(typeof(Colors), 3));Response.Write("The 4th value of the Styles Enum is "+ Enum.GetName(typeof(Styles), 3)); }}Reference:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.enum.getname.aspxhttp://www.studentacad.com/post/2010/03/31/Convert-an-Enum-to-String.aspx

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  • How to start new browser window in cpecified location whith cpecified size

    - by Pritorian
    Hi all! I create a new instance and trying to resize new instance of browser like this: [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll")] private static extern bool GetWindowInfo(IntPtr hwnd, ref tagWINDOWINFO pwi); [System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct tagRECT { /// LONG->int public int left; /// LONG->int public int top; /// LONG->int public int right; /// LONG->int public int bottom; } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayout(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct tagWINDOWINFO { /// DWORD->unsigned int public uint cbSize; /// RECT->tagRECT public tagRECT rcWindow; /// RECT->tagRECT public tagRECT rcClient; /// DWORD->unsigned int public uint dwStyle; /// DWORD->unsigned int public uint dwExStyle; /// DWORD->unsigned int public uint dwWindowStatus; /// UINT->unsigned int public uint cxWindowBorders; /// UINT->unsigned int public uint cyWindowBorders; /// ATOM->WORD->unsigned short public ushort atomWindowType; /// WORD->unsigned short public ushort wCreatorVersion; } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll")] private static extern bool MoveWindow(IntPtr hWnd, int X, int Y, int nWidth, int nHeight, bool bRepaint); [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll")] private static extern bool UpdateWindow(IntPtr hWnd); private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { using (System.Diagnostics.Process browserProc = new System.Diagnostics.Process()) { browserProc.StartInfo.FileName = webBrowser1.Url.ToString(); browserProc.StartInfo.WindowStyle = System.Diagnostics.ProcessWindowStyle.Minimized; int i= browserProc.Id; tagWINDOWINFO info = new tagWINDOWINFO(); info.cbSize = (uint)System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SizeOf(info); browserProc.Start(); GetWindowInfo(browserProc.MainWindowHandle, ref info); browserProc.WaitForInputIdle(); string str = browserProc.MainWindowTitle; MoveWindow(browserProc.MainWindowHandle, 100, 100, 100, 100, true); UpdateWindow(browserProc.MainWindowHandle); } } But I get an "No process is associated with this object". Could anyone help? Or mb other ideas how to run new browser window whith specified size and location?

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  • Use native HBitmap in C# while preserving alpha channel/transparency. Please check this code, it works on my computer...

    - by David
    Let's say I get a HBITMAP object/handle from a native Windows function. I can convert it to a managed bitmap using Bitmap.FromHbitmap(nativeHBitmap), but if the native image has transparency information (alpha channel), it is lost by this conversion. There are a few questions on Stack Overflow regarding this issue. Using information from the first answer of this question (How to draw ARGB bitmap using GDI+?), I wrote a piece of code that I've tried and it works. It basically gets the native HBitmap width, height and the pointer to the location of the pixel data using GetObject and the BITMAP structure, and then calls the managed Bitmap constructor: Bitmap managedBitmap = new Bitmap(bitmapStruct.bmWidth, bitmapStruct.bmHeight, bitmapStruct.bmWidth * 4, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb, bitmapStruct.bmBits); As I understand (please correct me if I'm wrong), this does not copy the actual pixel data from the native HBitmap to the managed bitmap, it simply points the managed bitmap to the pixel data from the native HBitmap. And I don't draw the bitmap here on another Graphics (DC) or on another bitmap, to avoid unnecessary memory copying, especially for large bitmaps. I can simply assign this bitmap to a PictureBox control or the the Form BackgroundImage property. And it works, the bitmap is displayed correctly, using transparency. When I no longer use the bitmap, I make sure the BackgroundImage property is no longer pointing to the bitmap, and I dispose both the managed bitmap and the native HBitmap. The Question: Can you tell me if this reasoning and code seems correct. I hope I will not get some unexpected behaviors or errors. And I hope I'm freeing all the memory and objects correctly. private void Example() { IntPtr nativeHBitmap = IntPtr.Zero; /* Get the native HBitmap object from a Windows function here */ // Create the BITMAP structure and get info from our nativeHBitmap NativeMethods.BITMAP bitmapStruct = new NativeMethods.BITMAP(); NativeMethods.GetObjectBitmap(nativeHBitmap, Marshal.SizeOf(bitmapStruct), ref bitmapStruct); // Create the managed bitmap using the pointer to the pixel data of the native HBitmap Bitmap managedBitmap = new Bitmap( bitmapStruct.bmWidth, bitmapStruct.bmHeight, bitmapStruct.bmWidth * 4, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb, bitmapStruct.bmBits); // Show the bitmap this.BackgroundImage = managedBitmap; /* Run the program, use the image */ MessageBox.Show("running..."); // When the image is no longer needed, dispose both the managed Bitmap object and the native HBitmap this.BackgroundImage = null; managedBitmap.Dispose(); NativeMethods.DeleteObject(nativeHBitmap); } internal static class NativeMethods { [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public struct BITMAP { public int bmType; public int bmWidth; public int bmHeight; public int bmWidthBytes; public ushort bmPlanes; public ushort bmBitsPixel; public IntPtr bmBits; } [DllImport("gdi32", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, EntryPoint = "GetObject")] public static extern int GetObjectBitmap(IntPtr hObject, int nCount, ref BITMAP lpObject); [DllImport("gdi32.dll")] internal static extern bool DeleteObject(IntPtr hObject); }

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  • i am using winsock2.h in c language the following errors are unuderstandable help required?

    - by moon
    i am going to paste here my code an errors :::: #include "stdio.h" #include "winsock2.h" #define SIO_RCVALL _WSAIOW(IOC_VENDOR,1) //this removes the need of mstcpip.h void StartSniffing (SOCKET Sock); //This will sniff here and there void ProcessPacket (unsigned char* , int); //This will decide how to digest void PrintIpHeader (unsigned char* , int); void PrintUdpPacket (unsigned char* , int); void ConvertToHex (unsigned char* , unsigned int); void PrintData (unsigned char* , int); //IP Header Structure typedef struct ip_hdr { unsigned char ip_header_len:4; // 4-bit header length (in 32-bit words) normally=5 (Means 20 Bytes may be 24 also) unsigned char ip_version :4; // 4-bit IPv4 version unsigned char ip_tos; // IP type of service unsigned short ip_total_length; // Total length unsigned short ip_id; // Unique identifier unsigned char ip_frag_offset :5; // Fragment offset field unsigned char ip_more_fragment :1; unsigned char ip_dont_fragment :1; unsigned char ip_reserved_zero :1; unsigned char ip_frag_offset1; //fragment offset unsigned char ip_ttl; // Time to live unsigned char ip_protocol; // Protocol(TCP,UDP etc) unsigned short ip_checksum; // IP checksum unsigned int ip_srcaddr; // Source address unsigned int ip_destaddr; // Source address } IPV4_HDR; //UDP Header Structure typedef struct udp_hdr { unsigned short source_port; // Source port no. unsigned short dest_port; // Dest. port no. unsigned short udp_length; // Udp packet length unsigned short udp_checksum; // Udp checksum (optional) } UDP_HDR; //ICMP Header Structure typedef struct icmp_hdr { BYTE type; // ICMP Error type BYTE code; // Type sub code USHORT checksum; USHORT id; USHORT seq; } ICMP_HDR; FILE *logfile; int tcp=0,udp=0,icmp=0,others=0,igmp=0,total=0,i,j; struct sockaddr_in source,dest; char hex[2]; //Its free! IPV4_HDR *iphdr; UDP_HDR *udpheader; int main() { SOCKET sniffer; struct in_addr addr; int in; char hostname[100]; struct hostent *local; WSADATA wsa; //logfile=fopen("log.txt","w"); //if(logfile==NULL) printf("Unable to create file."); //Initialise Winsock printf("\nInitialising Winsock..."); if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa) != 0) { printf("WSAStartup() failed.\n"); return 1; } printf("Initialised"); //Create a RAW Socket printf("\nCreating RAW Socket..."); sniffer = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_IP); if (sniffer == INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("Failed to create raw socket.\n"); return 1; } printf("Created."); //Retrive the local hostname if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("Error : %d",WSAGetLastError()); return 1; } printf("\nHost name : %s \n",hostname); //Retrive the available IPs of the local host local = gethostbyname(hostname); printf("\nAvailable Network Interfaces : \n"); if (local == NULL) { printf("Error : %d.\n",WSAGetLastError()); return 1; } for (i = 0; local->h_addr_list[i] != 0; ++i) { memcpy(&addr, local->h_addr_list[i], sizeof(struct in_addr)); printf("Interface Number : %d Address : %s\n",i,inet_ntoa(addr)); } printf("Enter the interface number you would like to sniff : "); scanf("%d",&in); memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); memcpy(&dest.sin_addr.s_addr,local->h_addr_list[in],sizeof(dest.sin_addr.s_addr)); dest.sin_family = AF_INET; dest.sin_port = 0; printf("\nBinding socket to local system and port 0 ..."); if (bind(sniffer,(struct sockaddr *)&dest,sizeof(dest)) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("bind(%s) failed.\n", inet_ntoa(addr)); return 1; } printf("Binding successful"); //Enable this socket with the power to sniff : SIO_RCVALL is the key Receive ALL ;) j=1; printf("\nSetting socket to sniff..."); if (WSAIoctl(sniffer, SIO_RCVALL,&j, sizeof(j), 0, 0,(LPDWORD)&in,0, 0) == SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("WSAIoctl() failed.\n"); return 1; } printf("Socket set."); //Begin printf("\nStarted Sniffing\n"); printf("Packet Capture Statistics...\n"); StartSniffing(sniffer); //Happy Sniffing //End closesocket(sniffer); WSACleanup(); return 0; } void StartSniffing(SOCKET sniffer) { unsigned char *Buffer = ( unsigned char *)malloc(65536); //Its Big! int mangobyte; if (Buffer == NULL) { printf("malloc() failed.\n"); return; } do { mangobyte = recvfrom(sniffer,(char *)Buffer,65536,0,0,0); //Eat as much as u can if(mangobyte > 0) ProcessPacket(Buffer, mangobyte); else printf( "recvfrom() failed.\n"); } while (mangobyte > 0); free(Buffer); } void ProcessPacket(unsigned char* Buffer, int Size) { iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; ++total; switch (iphdr->ip_protocol) //Check the Protocol and do accordingly... { case 1: //ICMP Protocol ++icmp; //PrintIcmpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; case 2: //IGMP Protocol ++igmp; break; case 6: //TCP Protocol ++tcp; //PrintTcpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; case 17: //UDP Protocol ++udp; PrintUdpPacket(Buffer,Size); break; default: //Some Other Protocol like ARP etc. ++others; break; } printf("TCP : %d UDP : %d ICMP : %d IGMP : %d Others : %d Total : %d\r",tcp,udp,icmp,igmp,others,total); } void PrintIpHeader (unsigned char* Buffer, int Size) { unsigned short iphdrlen; iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; iphdrlen = iphdr->ip_header_len*4; memset(&source, 0, sizeof(source)); source.sin_addr.s_addr = iphdr->ip_srcaddr; memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest)); dest.sin_addr.s_addr = iphdr->ip_destaddr; fprintf(logfile,"\n"); fprintf(logfile,"IP Header\n"); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Version : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_version); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Header Length : %d DWORDS or %d Bytes\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_header_len); fprintf(logfile," |-Type Of Service : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_tos); fprintf(logfile," |-IP Total Length : %d Bytes(Size of Packet)\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_total_length)); fprintf(logfile," |-Identification : %d\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_id)); fprintf(logfile," |-Reserved ZERO Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_reserved_zero); fprintf(logfile," |-Dont Fragment Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_dont_fragment); fprintf(logfile," |-More Fragment Field : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_more_fragment); fprintf(logfile," |-TTL : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_ttl); fprintf(logfile," |-Protocol : %d\n",(unsigned int)iphdr->ip_protocol); fprintf(logfile," |-Checksum : %d\n",ntohs(iphdr->ip_checksum)); fprintf(logfile," |-Source IP : %s\n",inet_ntoa(source.sin_addr)); fprintf(logfile," |-Destination IP : %s\n",inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr)); } void PrintUdpPacket(unsigned char *Buffer,int Size) { unsigned short iphdrlen; iphdr = (IPV4_HDR *)Buffer; iphdrlen = iphdr->ip_header_len*4; udpheader = (UDP_HDR *)(Buffer + iphdrlen); fprintf(logfile,"\n\n***********************UDP Packet*************************\n"); PrintIpHeader(Buffer,Size); fprintf(logfile,"\nUDP Header\n"); fprintf(logfile," |-Source Port : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->source_port)); fprintf(logfile," |-Destination Port : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->dest_port)); fprintf(logfile," |-UDP Length : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->udp_length)); fprintf(logfile," |-UDP Checksum : %d\n",ntohs(udpheader->udp_checksum)); fprintf(logfile,"\n"); fprintf(logfile,"IP Header\n"); PrintData(Buffer,iphdrlen); fprintf(logfile,"UDP Header\n"); PrintData(Buffer+iphdrlen,sizeof(UDP_HDR)); fprintf(logfile,"Data Payload\n"); PrintData(Buffer+iphdrlen+sizeof(UDP_HDR) ,(Size - sizeof(UDP_HDR) - iphdr->ip_header_len*4)); fprintf(logfile,"\n###########################################################"); } void PrintData (unsigned char* data , int Size) { for(i=0 ; i < Size ; i++) { if( i!=0 && i%16==0) //if one line of hex printing is complete... { fprintf(logfile," "); for(j=i-16 ; j<i ; j++) { if(data[j]>=32 && data[j]<=128) fprintf(logfile,"%c",(unsigned char)data[j]); //if its a number or alphabet else fprintf(logfile,"."); //otherwise print a dot } fprintf(logfile,"\n"); } if(i%16==0) fprintf(logfile," "); fprintf(logfile," %02X",(unsigned int)data[i]); if( i==Size-1) //print the last spaces { for(j=0;j<15-i%16;j++) fprintf(logfile," "); //extra spaces fprintf(logfile," "); for(j=i-i%16 ; j<=i ; j++) { if(data[j]>=32 && data[j]<=128) fprintf(logfile,"%c",(unsigned char)data[j]); else fprintf(logfile,"."); } fprintf(logfile,"\n"); } } } following are the errors Error 1 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSACleanup@0 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 2 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__closesocket@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 3 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAIoctl@36 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 4 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__bind@12 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 5 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__inet_ntoa@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 6 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__gethostbyname@4 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 7 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAGetLastError@0 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 8 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__gethostname@8 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 9 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__socket@12 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 10 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__WSAStartup@8 referenced in function _main sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 11 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__recvfrom@24 referenced in function "void __cdecl StartSniffing(unsigned int)" (?StartSniffing@@YAXI@Z) sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 12 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp__ntohs@4 referenced in function "void __cdecl PrintIpHeader(unsigned char *,int)" (?PrintIpHeader@@YAXPAEH@Z) sniffer.obj sniffer test Error 13 fatal error LNK1120: 12 unresolved externals E:\CWM\sniffer test\Debug\sniffer test.exe sniffer test

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  • What's the best way to read/write array contents from/to binary files in C#?

    - by Eric
    I would like to read and write the contents of large ( 2GB), raw volume files (e.g. MRI scans). These files are just a sequence of e.g. 32 x 32 x 32 floats so they map well to 1D arrays. I would like to be able to read the contents of the binary volume files into 1D arrays of e.g. float or ushort (depending on the data type of the binary files) and similarly export the arrays back out to the raw volume files. What's the best way to do this with C#? Read/Write them 1 element at a time with BinaryReader/BinaryWriter? Read them piece-wise into byte arrays with FileStream.Read and then do a System.Buffer.BlockCopy between arrays (keeping in mind that I want 2GB arrays)? Write my own Reader/Writer?

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  • C# huge size 2-dim arrays

    - by 4eburek
    I need to declare square matrices in C# WinForms with more than 20000 items in a row. I read about 2GB .Net object size limit in 32bit and also the same case in 64bit OS. So as I understood the single answer - is using unsafe code or separate library built withing C++ compiler. The problem for me is worth because ushort[20000,20000] is smaller then 2GB but actually I cannot allocate even 700MB of memory. My limit is 650MB and I don't understand why - I have 32bit WinXP with 3GB of memory. I tried to use Marshal.AllocHGlobal(700<<20) but it throws OutOfMemoryException, GC.GetTotalMemory returns 4.5MB before trying to allocate memory. I found only that many people say use unsafe code but I cannot find example of how to declare 2-dim array in heap (any stack can't keep so huge amount of data) and how to work with it using pointers. Is it pure C++ code inside of unsafe{} brackets? Could you please provide a small example of working with matrices using pointers in unsafe code.

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  • Interop Structure: Should Unsigned Short be Mapped to byte[]?

    - by Ngu Soon Hui
    I have such a C++ structure: typedef struct _FILE_OP_BLOCK { unsigned short fid; // objective file ID unsigned short offset; // operating offset unsigned char len; // buffer length(update) // read length(read) unsigned char buff[MAX_BUFF_SIZE]; } FILE_OP_BLOCK; And now I want to map it in .Net. The tricky thing is that the I should pass a 2 byte array for fid, and integer for len, even though in C# fid is an unsigned short and len is an unsigned char I wonder whether my structure ( in C#) below is correct? public struct File_OP_Block { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 2)] public byte[] fid; public ushort offset; public byte length; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 240)] public char[] buff; }

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  • Maximum Possible File Name Length in Windows Kernel

    - by Lambert
    I was wondering, what is the longest possible name length allowed by the Windows kernel? E.g.: I know the kernel uses UNICODE_STRING structures to hold all object paths, and since the byte length of a wide-character string is stored inside a USHORT, that allows for a maximum path length of 2^15 - 1 characters. Is there a similar, hard restriction on a file name (rather than path)? (I don't care if NTFS or FAT32 imposes a particular restriction; I'm looking for the longest possible theoretically allowed name in the kernel, assuming no additional file system or shell restrictions.) (Edit: For those wondering why this even matters, consider that normally, traversing a directory is achieved by FindFirstFile/FindNextFile calls, one call per file. Given the function named NtQueryDirectoryFile, which is the underlying system call and which returns multiple file names per call, it's actually possible to take advantage of this maximum-length restriction on the path to make an extremely-fast directory traverser that uses solely the stack as a buffer. Now I'm trying to extend that concept, and I need to know the maximum size of a file name.)

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  • Struct sockaddr, sin_family is not a member

    - by leon22
    According to this article from msdn ( http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms740496(v=vs.85).aspx) the struct varies depending on which protocol is selected! Now I want to use this code from http://www.intelliproject.net/articles/showArticle/index/check_tcp_udp_port to check if a port is open or not! Now I have the struct sockaddr as follows: struct sockaddr { ushort sa_family; char sa_data[14]; }; but need this strcuture: struct sockaddr { short sin_family; u_short sin_port; struct in_addr sin_addr; char sin_zero[8]; }; Which changes are necessary? (Ws2_32.lib is linked and following includes #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // sockets #include "windows.h" #include <winsock2.h> #include <ws2tcpip.h> Thx

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  • Using typedefs (or #defines) on built in types - any sensible reason?

    - by jb
    Well I'm doing some Java - C integration, and throught C library werid type mappings are used (theres more of them;)): #define CHAR char /* 8 bit signed int */ #define SHORT short /* 16 bit signed int */ #define INT int /* "natural" length signed int */ #define LONG long /* 32 bit signed int */ typedef unsigned char BYTE; /* 8 bit unsigned int */ typedef unsigned char UCHAR; /* 8 bit unsigned int */ typedef unsigned short USHORT; /* 16 bit unsigned int */ typedef unsigned int UINT; /* "natural" length unsigned int*/ Is there any legitimate reason not to use them? It's not like char is going to be redefined anytime soon. I can think of: Writing platform/compiler portable code (size of type is underspecified in C/C++) Saving space and time on embedded systems - if you loop over array shorter than 255 on 8bit microprocessor writing: for(uint8_t ii = 0; ii < len; ii++) will give meaureable speedup.

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  • Check if a type is an instantiation of a template

    - by Pedro Lacerda
    I have structs like struct RGBA (T) {/* ... */} struct BMPFile (DataT) if (is(DataT == RGBA)) {/* ... */} But is(DataT == RGBA) cannot work because DataT is a type and RGBA is a template. Instead I need check if a type is an instantiation of a template in order to declare file like BMPFile!(RGBA!ushort) file; In a comment @FeepingCreature showed struct RGBA(T) { alias void isRGBAStruct; } struct BMPFile (DataT) if (is(DataT.isRGBAStruct)) {} Although to be working I have no tips on alias void isRGBAStruct.

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  • Need to interface to a C++ DLL

    - by Pedro
    Hi, I need to call a C++ API from C#. I have been able to call the API, but the char[] parameters do not seem to be marshalling correctly. Here's the C++ signature: Create2ptModel(double modelPowers[2], double modelDacs[2], int pclRange[2], double targetPowers[32], double *dacAdjustFactor, unsigned short powerRampFactors[32], BOOL bPCLDacAdjusted[32], char calibrationModel[32], char errMsg[1024]) and this is how I am trying to call it from C# [DllImport("AlgorithmsLib.dll", EntryPoint = "_Create2ptModel@36", ExactSpelling = true, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern AlgorithmStatus Create2ptModel( double[] modelPowers, double[] modelDacs, int[] pclRange, double[] targetPowers, ref double dacAdjustFactor, ushort[] powerRampFactors, bool[] bPCLDacAdjusted, /**/char[] calibrationModel, char[] errMsg/**/); Any idea of how I can marshall it correctly? Thanks in advance!

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  • Marshalling a big-endian byte collection into a struct in order to pull out values

    - by Pat
    There is an insightful question about reading a C/C++ data structure in C# from a byte array, but I cannot get the code to work for my collection of big-endian (network byte order) bytes. (EDIT: Note that my real struct has more than just one field.) Is there a way to marshal the bytes into a big-endian version of the structure and then pull out the values in the endianness of the framework (that of the host, which is usually little-endian)? This should summarize what I'm looking for (LE=LittleEndian, BE=BigEndian): void Main() { var leBytes = new byte[] {1, 0}; var beBytes = new byte[] {0, 1}; Foo fooLe = ByteArrayToStructure<Foo>(leBytes); Foo fooBe = ByteArrayToStructureBigEndian<Foo>(beBytes); Assert.AreEqual(fooLe, fooBe); } [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size=2)] public struct Foo { [FieldOffset(0)] public ushort firstUshort; } T ByteArrayToStructure<T>(byte[] bytes) where T: struct { GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned); T stuff = (T)Marshal.PtrToStructure(handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(),typeof(T)); handle.Free(); return stuff; } T ByteArrayToStructureBigEndian<T>(byte[] bytes) where T: struct { ??? }

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  • Two different seeds producing the same "random" sequence

    - by Ruud Lenders
    Maybe there is a very logic explanation for this, but I just can't seem to understand why the seeds 0 and 2,147,483,647 produce the same "random" sequence, using .NET's Random Class (System). Quick code example: ushort len = 8; Random r0 = new Random(0), r1 = new Random(1), r2 = new Random(int.MaxValue); //2,147,483,647 byte[] b0 = new byte[len], b1 = new byte[len], b2 = new byte[len]; r0.NextBytes(b0); r1.NextBytes(b1); r2.NextBytes(b2); for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine("{0}\t\t{1}\t\t{2}", b0[i], b1[i], b2[i]); } Console.ReadLine(); Output: 26 70 26 12 208 12 70 134 76 111 130 111 93 64 93 117 151 115 228 228 228 216 163 216 As you can see, the first and the third sequence are the same. Can someone please explain this to me?

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  • How do I get C# to garbage collect aggressively?

    - by mmr
    I have an application that is used in image processing, and I find myself typically allocating arrays in the 4000x4000 ushort size, as well as the occasional float and the like. Currently, the .NET framework tends to crash in this app apparently randomly, almost always with an out of memory error. 32mb is not a huge declaration, but if .NET is fragmenting memory, then it's very possible that such large continuous allocations aren't behaving as expected. Is there a way to tell the garbage collector to be more aggressive, or to defrag memory (if that's the problem)? I realize that there's the GC.Collect and GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers calls, and I've sprinkled them pretty liberally through my code, but I'm still getting the errors. It may be because I'm calling dll routines that use native code a lot, but I'm not sure. I've gone over that C++ code, and make sure that any memory I declare I delete, but still I get these C# crashes, so I'm pretty sure it's not there. I wonder if the C++ calls could be interfering with the GC, making it leave behind memory because it once interacted with a native call-- is that possible? If so, can I turn that functionality off?

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  • InPlaceBitmapMetadataWriter.TrySave() returns true but does nothing

    - by mephisto123
    On some .JPG files (EPS previews, generated by Adobe Illustrator) in Windows 7 InPlaceBitmapMetadataWriter.TrySave() returns true after some SetQuery() calls, but does nothing. Code sample: BitmapDecoder decoder; BitmapFrame frame; BitmapMetadata metadata; InPlaceBitmapMetadataWriter writer; decoder = BitmapDecoder.Create(s, BitmapCreateOptions.PreservePixelFormat | BitmapCreateOptions.IgnoreColorProfile, BitmapCacheOption.Default); frame = decoder.Frames[0]; metadata = frame.Metadata as BitmapMetadata; writer = frame.CreateInPlaceBitmapMetadataWriter(); try { writer.SetQuery("System.Title", title); writer.SetQuery(@"/app1/ifd/{ushort=" + exiftagids[0] + "} ", (title + '\0').ToCharArray()); writer.SetQuery(@"/app13/irb/8bimiptc/iptc/object name", title); return writer.TrySave(); } catch { return false; } Image sample You can reproduce problem (if you have Windows 7) by downloading image sample and using this code sample to set title on this image. Image has enough room for metadata - and this code sample works fine on my WinXP. Same code works fine on Win7 with other .JPG files. Any ideas are welcome :)

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  • What is the fastest (possibly unsafe) way to read a byte[]?

    - by Aidiakapi
    I'm working on a server project in C#, and after a TCP message is received, it is parsed, and stored in a byte[] of exact size. (Not a buffer of fixed length, but a byte[] of an absolute length in which all data is stored.) Now for reading this byte[] I'll be creating some wrapper functions (also for compatibility), these are the signatures of all functions I need: public byte ReadByte(); public sbyte ReadSByte(); public short ReadShort(); public ushort ReadUShort(); public int ReadInt(); public uint ReadUInt(); public float ReadFloat(); public double ReadDouble(); public string ReadChars(int length); public string ReadString(); The string is a \0 terminated string, and is probably encoded in ASCII or UTF-8, but I cannot tell that for sure, since I'm not writing the client. The data exists of: byte[] _data; int _offset; Now I can write all those functions manually, like this: public byte ReadByte() { return _data[_offset++]; } public sbyte ReadSByte() { byte r = _data[_offset++]; if (r >= 128) return (sbyte)(r - 256); else return (sbyte)r; } public short ReadShort() { byte b1 = _data[_offset++]; byte b2 = _data[_offset++]; if (b1 >= 128) return (short)(b1 * 256 + b2 - 65536); else return (short)(b1 * 256 + b2); } public short ReadUShort() { byte b1 = _data[_offset++]; return (short)(b1 * 256 + _data[_offset++]); } But I wonder if there's a faster way, not excluding the use of unsafe code, since this seems a little bit too much work for simple processing.

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  • Creating packages in code – Execute SQL Task

    The Execute SQL Task is for obvious reasons very well used, so I thought if you are building packages in code the chances are you will be using it. Using the task basic features of the task are quite straightforward, add the task and set some properties, just like any other. When you start interacting with variables though it can be a little harder to grasp so these samples should see you through. Some of these more advanced features are explained in much more detail in our ever popular post The Execute SQL Task, here I’ll just be showing you how to implement them in code. The abbreviated code blocks below demonstrate the different features of the task. The complete code has been encapsulated into a sample class which you can download (ExecSqlPackage.cs). Each feature described has its own method in the sample class which is mentioned after the code block. This first sample just shows adding the task, setting the basic properties for a connection and of course an SQL statement. Package package = new Package(); // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager sqlConnection = AddSqlConnection(package, "localhost", "master"); // Add the SQL Task package.Executables.Add("STOCK:SQLTask"); // Get the task host wrapper TaskHost taskHost = package.Executables[0] as TaskHost; // Set required properties taskHost.Properties["Connection"].SetValue(taskHost, sqlConnection.ID); taskHost.Properties["SqlStatementSource"].SetValue(taskHost, "SELECT * FROM sysobjects"); For the full version of this code, see the CreatePackage method in the sample class. The AddSqlConnection method is a helper method that adds an OLE-DB connection to the package, it is of course in the sample class file too. Returning a single value with a Result Set The following sample takes a different approach, getting a reference to the ExecuteSQLTask object task itself, rather than just using the non-specific TaskHost as above. Whilst it means we need to add an extra reference to our project (Microsoft.SqlServer.SQLTask) it makes coding much easier as we have compile time validation of any property and types we use. For the more complex properties that is very valuable and saves a lot of time during development. The query has also been changed to return a single value, one row and one column. The sample shows how we can return that value into a variable, which we also add to our package in the code. To do this manually you would set the Result Set property on the General page to Single Row and map the variable on the Result Set page in the editor. Package package = new Package(); // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager sqlConnection = AddSqlConnection(package, "localhost", "master"); // Add the SQL Task package.Executables.Add("STOCK:SQLTask"); // Get the task host wrapper TaskHost taskHost = package.Executables[0] as TaskHost; // Add variable to hold result value package.Variables.Add("Variable", false, "User", 0); // Get the task object ExecuteSQLTask task = taskHost.InnerObject as ExecuteSQLTask; // Set core properties task.Connection = sqlConnection.Name; task.SqlStatementSource = "SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'sysrowsets'"; // Set single row result set task.ResultSetType = ResultSetType.ResultSetType_SingleRow; // Add result set binding, map the id column to variable task.ResultSetBindings.Add(); IDTSResultBinding resultBinding = task.ResultSetBindings.GetBinding(0); resultBinding.ResultName = "id"; resultBinding.DtsVariableName = "User::Variable"; For the full version of this code, see the CreatePackageResultVariable method in the sample class. The other types of Result Set behaviour are just a variation on this theme, set the property and map the result binding as required. Parameter Mapping for SQL Statements This final example uses a parameterised SQL statement, with the coming from a variable. The syntax varies slightly between connection types, as explained in the Working with Parameters and Return Codes in the Execute SQL Taskhelp topic, but OLE-DB is the most commonly used, for which a question mark is the parameter value placeholder. Package package = new Package(); // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager sqlConnection = AddSqlConnection(package, ".", "master"); // Add the SQL Task package.Executables.Add("STOCK:SQLTask"); // Get the task host wrapper TaskHost taskHost = package.Executables[0] as TaskHost; // Get the task object ExecuteSQLTask task = taskHost.InnerObject as ExecuteSQLTask; // Set core properties task.Connection = sqlConnection.Name; task.SqlStatementSource = "SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = ?"; // Add variable to hold parameter value package.Variables.Add("Variable", false, "User", "sysrowsets"); // Add input parameter binding task.ParameterBindings.Add(); IDTSParameterBinding parameterBinding = task.ParameterBindings.GetBinding(0); parameterBinding.DtsVariableName = "User::Variable"; parameterBinding.ParameterDirection = ParameterDirections.Input; parameterBinding.DataType = (int)OleDBDataTypes.VARCHAR; parameterBinding.ParameterName = "0"; parameterBinding.ParameterSize = 255; For the full version of this code, see the CreatePackageParameterVariable method in the sample class. You’ll notice the data type has to be specified for the parameter IDTSParameterBinding .DataType Property, and these type codes are connection specific too. My enumeration I wrote several years ago is shown below was probably done by reverse engineering a package and also the API header file, but I recently found a very handy post that covers more connections as well for exactly this, Setting the DataType of IDTSParameterBinding objects (Execute SQL Task). /// <summary> /// Enumeration of OLE-DB types, used when mapping OLE-DB parameters. /// </summary> private enum OleDBDataTypes { BYTE = 0x11, CURRENCY = 6, DATE = 7, DB_VARNUMERIC = 0x8b, DBDATE = 0x85, DBTIME = 0x86, DBTIMESTAMP = 0x87, DECIMAL = 14, DOUBLE = 5, FILETIME = 0x40, FLOAT = 4, GUID = 0x48, LARGE_INTEGER = 20, LONG = 3, NULL = 1, NUMERIC = 0x83, NVARCHAR = 130, SHORT = 2, SIGNEDCHAR = 0x10, ULARGE_INTEGER = 0x15, ULONG = 0x13, USHORT = 0x12, VARCHAR = 0x81, VARIANT_BOOL = 11 } Download Sample code ExecSqlPackage.cs (10KB)

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  • Creating packages in code – Execute SQL Task

    The Execute SQL Task is for obvious reasons very well used, so I thought if you are building packages in code the chances are you will be using it. Using the task basic features of the task are quite straightforward, add the task and set some properties, just like any other. When you start interacting with variables though it can be a little harder to grasp so these samples should see you through. Some of these more advanced features are explained in much more detail in our ever popular post The Execute SQL Task, here I’ll just be showing you how to implement them in code. The abbreviated code blocks below demonstrate the different features of the task. The complete code has been encapsulated into a sample class which you can download (ExecSqlPackage.cs). Each feature described has its own method in the sample class which is mentioned after the code block. This first sample just shows adding the task, setting the basic properties for a connection and of course an SQL statement. Package package = new Package(); // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager sqlConnection = AddSqlConnection(package, "localhost", "master"); // Add the SQL Task package.Executables.Add("STOCK:SQLTask"); // Get the task host wrapper TaskHost taskHost = package.Executables[0] as TaskHost; // Set required properties taskHost.Properties["Connection"].SetValue(taskHost, sqlConnection.ID); taskHost.Properties["SqlStatementSource"].SetValue(taskHost, "SELECT * FROM sysobjects"); For the full version of this code, see the CreatePackage method in the sample class. The AddSqlConnection method is a helper method that adds an OLE-DB connection to the package, it is of course in the sample class file too. Returning a single value with a Result Set The following sample takes a different approach, getting a reference to the ExecuteSQLTask object task itself, rather than just using the non-specific TaskHost as above. Whilst it means we need to add an extra reference to our project (Microsoft.SqlServer.SQLTask) it makes coding much easier as we have compile time validation of any property and types we use. For the more complex properties that is very valuable and saves a lot of time during development. The query has also been changed to return a single value, one row and one column. The sample shows how we can return that value into a variable, which we also add to our package in the code. To do this manually you would set the Result Set property on the General page to Single Row and map the variable on the Result Set page in the editor. Package package = new Package(); // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager sqlConnection = AddSqlConnection(package, "localhost", "master"); // Add the SQL Task package.Executables.Add("STOCK:SQLTask"); // Get the task host wrapper TaskHost taskHost = package.Executables[0] as TaskHost; // Add variable to hold result value package.Variables.Add("Variable", false, "User", 0); // Get the task object ExecuteSQLTask task = taskHost.InnerObject as ExecuteSQLTask; // Set core properties task.Connection = sqlConnection.Name; task.SqlStatementSource = "SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'sysrowsets'"; // Set single row result set task.ResultSetType = ResultSetType.ResultSetType_SingleRow; // Add result set binding, map the id column to variable task.ResultSetBindings.Add(); IDTSResultBinding resultBinding = task.ResultSetBindings.GetBinding(0); resultBinding.ResultName = "id"; resultBinding.DtsVariableName = "User::Variable"; For the full version of this code, see the CreatePackageResultVariable method in the sample class. The other types of Result Set behaviour are just a variation on this theme, set the property and map the result binding as required. Parameter Mapping for SQL Statements This final example uses a parameterised SQL statement, with the coming from a variable. The syntax varies slightly between connection types, as explained in the Working with Parameters and Return Codes in the Execute SQL Taskhelp topic, but OLE-DB is the most commonly used, for which a question mark is the parameter value placeholder. Package package = new Package(); // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager sqlConnection = AddSqlConnection(package, ".", "master"); // Add the SQL Task package.Executables.Add("STOCK:SQLTask"); // Get the task host wrapper TaskHost taskHost = package.Executables[0] as TaskHost; // Get the task object ExecuteSQLTask task = taskHost.InnerObject as ExecuteSQLTask; // Set core properties task.Connection = sqlConnection.Name; task.SqlStatementSource = "SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = ?"; // Add variable to hold parameter value package.Variables.Add("Variable", false, "User", "sysrowsets"); // Add input parameter binding task.ParameterBindings.Add(); IDTSParameterBinding parameterBinding = task.ParameterBindings.GetBinding(0); parameterBinding.DtsVariableName = "User::Variable"; parameterBinding.ParameterDirection = ParameterDirections.Input; parameterBinding.DataType = (int)OleDBDataTypes.VARCHAR; parameterBinding.ParameterName = "0"; parameterBinding.ParameterSize = 255; For the full version of this code, see the CreatePackageParameterVariable method in the sample class. You’ll notice the data type has to be specified for the parameter IDTSParameterBinding .DataType Property, and these type codes are connection specific too. My enumeration I wrote several years ago is shown below was probably done by reverse engineering a package and also the API header file, but I recently found a very handy post that covers more connections as well for exactly this, Setting the DataType of IDTSParameterBinding objects (Execute SQL Task). /// <summary> /// Enumeration of OLE-DB types, used when mapping OLE-DB parameters. /// </summary> private enum OleDBDataTypes { BYTE = 0x11, CURRENCY = 6, DATE = 7, DB_VARNUMERIC = 0x8b, DBDATE = 0x85, DBTIME = 0x86, DBTIMESTAMP = 0x87, DECIMAL = 14, DOUBLE = 5, FILETIME = 0x40, FLOAT = 4, GUID = 0x48, LARGE_INTEGER = 20, LONG = 3, NULL = 1, NUMERIC = 0x83, NVARCHAR = 130, SHORT = 2, SIGNEDCHAR = 0x10, ULARGE_INTEGER = 0x15, ULONG = 0x13, USHORT = 0x12, VARCHAR = 0x81, VARIANT_BOOL = 11 } Download Sample code ExecSqlPackage.cs (10KB)

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  • List of Commonly Used Value Types in XNA Games

    - by Michael B. McLaughlin
    Most XNA programmers are concerned about generating garbage. More specifically about allocating GC-managed memory (GC stands for “garbage collector” and is both the name of the class that provides access to the garbage collector and an acronym for the garbage collector (as a concept) itself). Two of the major target platforms for XNA (Windows Phone 7 and Xbox 360) use variants of the .NET Compact Framework. On both variants, the GC runs under various circumstances (Windows Phone 7 and Xbox 360). Of concern to XNA programmers is the fact that it runs automatically after a fixed amount of GC-managed memory has been allocated (currently 1MB on both systems). Many beginning XNA programmers are unaware of what constitutes GC-managed memory, though. So here’s a quick overview. In .NET, there are two different “types” of types: value types and reference types. Only reference types are managed by the garbage collector. Value types are not managed by the garbage collector and are instead managed in other ways that are implementation dependent. For purposes of XNA programming, the important point is that they are not managed by the GC and thus do not, by themselves, increment that internal 1 MB allocation counter. (n.b. Structs are value types. If you have a struct that has a reference type as a member, then that reference type, when instantiated, will still be allocated in the GC-managed memory and will thus count against the 1 MB allocation counter. Putting it in a struct doesn’t change the fact that it gets allocated on the GC heap, but the struct itself is created outside of the GC’s purview). Both value types and reference types use the keyword ‘new’ to allocate a new instance of them. Sometimes this keyword is hidden by a method which creates new instances for you, e.g. XmlReader.Create. But the important thing to determine is whether or not you are dealing with a value types or a reference type. If it’s a value type, you can use the ‘new’ keyword to allocate new instances of that type without incrementing the GC allocation counter (except as above where it’s a struct with a reference type in it that is allocated by the constructor, but there are no .NET Framework or XNA Framework value types that do this so it would have to be a struct you created or that was in some third-party library you were using for that to even become an issue). The following is a list of most all of value types you are likely to use in a generic XNA game: AudioCategory (used with XACT; not available on WP7) AvatarExpression (Xbox 360 only, but exposed on Windows to ease Xbox development) bool BoundingBox BoundingSphere byte char Color DateTime decimal double any enum (System.Enum itself is a class, but all enums are value types such that there are no GC allocations for enums) float GamePadButtons GamePadCapabilities GamePadDPad GamePadState GamePadThumbSticks GamePadTriggers GestureSample int IntPtr (rarely but occasionally used in XNA) KeyboardState long Matrix MouseState nullable structs (anytime you see, e.g. int? something, that ‘?’ denotes a nullable struct, also called a nullable type) Plane Point Quaternion Ray Rectangle RenderTargetBinding sbyte (though I’ve never seen it used since most people would just use a short) short TimeSpan TouchCollection TouchLocation TouchPanelCapabilities uint ulong ushort Vector2 Vector3 Vector4 VertexBufferBinding VertexElement VertexPositionColor VertexPositionColorTexture VertexPositionNormalTexture VertexPositionTexture Viewport So there you have it. That’s not quite a complete list, mind you. For example: There are various structs in the .NET framework you might make use of. I left out everything from the Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.PackedVector namespace, since everything in there ventures into the realm of advanced XNA programming anyway (n.b. every single instantiable thing in that namespace is a struct and thus a value type; there are also two interfaces but interfaces cannot be instantiated at all and thus don’t figure in to this discussion). There are so many enums you’re likely to use (PlayerIndex, SpriteSortMode, SpriteEffects, SurfaceFormat, etc.) that including them would’ve flooded the list and reduced its utility. So I went with “any enum” and trust that you can figure out what the enums are (and it’s rare to use ‘new’ with an enum anyway). That list also doesn’t include any of the pre-defined static instances of some of the classes (e.g. BlendState.AlphaBlend, BlendState.Opaque, etc.) which are already allocated such that using them doesn’t cause any new allocations and therefore doesn’t increase that 1 MB counter. That list also has a few misleading things. VertexElement, VertexPositionColor, and all the other vertex types are structs. But you’re only likely to ever use them as an array (for use with VertexBuffer or DynamicVertexBuffer), and all arrays are reference types (even arrays of value types such as VertexPositionColor[ ] or int[ ]). * So that’s it for now. The note below may be a bit confusing (it deals with how the GC works and how arrays are managed in .NET). If so, you can probably safely ignore it for now but feel free to ask any questions regardless. * Arrays of value types (where the value type doesn’t contain any reference type members) are much faster for the GC to examine than arrays of reference types, so there is a definite benefit to using arrays of value types where it makes sense. But creating arrays of value types does cause the GC’s allocation counter to increase. Indeed, allocating a large array of a value type is one of the quickest ways to increment the allocation counter since a .NET array is a sequential block of memory. An array of reference types is just a sequential block of references (typically 4 bytes each) while an array of value types is a sequential block of instances of that type. So for an array of Vector3s it would be 12 bytes each since each float is 4 bytes and there are 3 in a Vector3; for an array of VertexPositionNormalTexture structs it would typically be 32 bytes each since it has two Vector3s and a Vector2. (Note that there are a few additional bytes taken up in the creation of an array, typically 12 but sometimes 16 or possibly even more, which depend on the implementation details of the array type on the particular platform the code is running on).

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  • C# - calling ext. DLL function containing Delphi "variant record" parameter

    - by CaldonCZE
    Hello, In external (Delphi-created) DLL I've got the following function that I need to call from C# application. function ReadMsg(handle: longword; var Msg: TRxMsg): longword; stdcall; external 'MyDll.dll' name 'ReadMsg'; The "TRxMsg" type is variant record, defined as follows: TRxMsg = record case TypeMsg: byte of 1: (accept, mask: longword); 2: (SN: string[6]); 3: (rx_rate, tx_rate: word); 4: (rx_status, tx_status, ctl0, ctl1, rflg: byte); end; In order to call the function from C#, I declared auxiliary structure "my9Bytes" containing array of bytes and defined that it should be marshalled as 9 bytes long array (which is exactly the size of the Delphi record). private struct my9Bytes { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, ArraySubType = UnmanagedType.U1, SizeConst = 9)] public byte[] data; } Then I declared the imported "ReadMsg" function, using the "my9bytes" struct. [DllImport("MyDll.dll")] private static extern uint ReadMsg(uint handle, ref my9Bytes myMsg); I can call the function with no problem... Then I need to create structure corresponding to the original "TRxMsg" variant record and convert my auxiliary "myMsg" array into this structure. I don't know any C# equivalent of Delphi variant array, so I used inheritance and created the following classes. public abstract class TRxMsg { public byte typeMsg; } public class TRxMsgAcceptMask:TRxMsg { public uint accept, mask; //... } public class TRxMsgSN:TRxMsg { public string SN; //... } public class TRxMsgMRate:TRxMsg { public ushort rx_rate, tx_rate; //... } public class TRxMsgStatus:TRxMsg { public byte rx_status, tx_status, ctl0, ctl1, rflg; //... } Finally I create the appropriate object and initialize it with values manually converted from "myMsg" array (I used BitConverter for this). This does work fine, this solution seems to me a little too complicated, and that it should be possible to do this somehow more directly, without the auxiliary "my9bytes" structures or the inheritance and manual converting of individual values. So I'd like to ask you for a suggestions for the best way to do this. Thanks a lot!

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