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• Server OS: put it on a separate drive? Yes, no, or depends on the situation?

  - by captainentropy

  Hi, I would like opinions, or facts, both preferably, on whether it's ok to install a server's OS on the RAID array or not. I would predict installation on separate drives is the best but I'm interested in the performance. The server in question will have 8 cores (2.4GHz ea.), 24GB RAM, and ~16TB of usable space of server-class drives in RAID10. There is also a subsytem of an ~equivalent size for backup. I will be running CPU/memory intesive applications on this server in addition to it being file storage for my work (research lab). IF I install the OS (haven't decided which one, probably Ubuntu or Fedora or some other good linux distro) on separate drives will there be any performance problems if they aren't configured in RAID10? IF it is better to have the OS on separate drives should I go for 150GB velociraptors in RAID1 or smallish SSD drives in RAID1? Money is unfortunately a factor as I think I'm close to maxing my budget as it is. Thanks!

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• High Load average threshold in linux

  - by user2481010

  My one of friend said that his server load average sometime goes above 500-1000, for me it is strange value because I never saw load average more than 10. I asked him give me some snapshot of top and memory usages, he gave following details: TOP USAGES top - 06:06:03 up 117 days, 23:02, 2 users, load average: 147.37, 44.57, 15.95 Tasks: 116 total, 2 running, 113 sleeping, 0 stopped, 1 zombie Cpu(s): 16.6%us, 6.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 9.2%id, 66.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8161648k total, 7779528k used, 382120k free, 3296k buffers Swap: 5242872k total, 1293072k used, 3949800k free, 168660k cached Free $ free -gt total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 7 6 1 0 0 4 -/+ buffers/cache: 1 5 Swap: 4 0 4 Total: 12 6 6 Total cpu $ nproc 8 my question is it possible load average more than 100 on 8 core,12 GB mem Server? because I read many tutorial,article on load average, it said that thumb rule is "number of cores = max load" according to thumb rule here is max load average 16 then how his server running with 147.37 load server? he said that it is least value (147.37) some time goes more than 500.

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• kvm process has too large a memory footprint on host

  - by gucki

  I'm using latest ubuntu quantal and start a kvm guest which should have 2048 MB of memory. Now after a few hours I can see that the kvm process of this guest is around 2700 MB, so 700 MB more than the guest should be able to consume. I mean a small overhead like 1% would be ok, but not 30%?! root 8631 74.0 22.2 4767484 2752336 ? Sl Nov07 512:58 kvm -cpu kvm64 -smp sockets=1,cores=2 -cpu kvm64 -m 2048 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=drive-virtio0,id=virtio0,bus=pci.0,addr=0xa,bootindex=100 -drive file=rbd:data/vm-disk-1,if=none,id=drive-virtio0,cache=writeback,aio=native -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x12,id=net0,mac=02:7a:86:e6:1a:6c,bootindex=200 -netdev type=tap,id=net0,vhost=on -usbdevice tablet -nodefaults -enable-kvm -daemonize -boot menu=on -vga cirrus root 8694 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Nov07 0:00 [kvm-pit/8631] How is this possible and how to prevent it?

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• SSD on Vmware ESXI 4 (TRIM? Good Idea?)

  - by nextgenneo

  Hi, I just posted about finding bottle necks and have narrowed it down to having way too many VMs on my machine on one 15K SAS drive. I have plenty of cores and plenty of ram. So I am planning on putting 6 VMs on one drive (so 5 drives for 30 VMs). I am thinking of using a 60GB Vertex 2 SSD. Each of my VMs will only need about 6GB of HDD space so this isn't a big deal. My questions are: does ESXI support Trim and do I really need it if I leave 25% of the drive as free space? If I need it should I get a diff drive that handles garbage collection differently? I have a RAID controller w/ write caching. I will still benefit from this? Will this effect my setup differently? Is there anything I need to consider regarding SSD's in virtualized environments. Thanks for any and all help!

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• Windows 2008 Server on VMWare (hardware)

  - by Bill

  I want to setup a single server to run a few virtual servers for our datacenter. I do not have a lot of money to spend so I am trying to gain bang for the buck. My budget is around $2,000. So I was thinking about building the following as the VMWare physical server: Intel iCore 7 950 (LGA1366, 4 cores,8 threads) Gigabyte GA-X58-USB3 LGA 1366 X58 ATX Intel Motherboard 24 GB of Viper II Series, Sector 7 Edition, Extreme Performance DDR3-1600 (PC3-12800) CL9 Triple Channel Memory VelociRaptor 300GB 10,000 RPM SATA 3.0Gb/s 3.5" Internal Hard Drive I am planning on running the newest version of VMWare ESXi (64-bit). On these I am planning on running a few various servers: Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ IIS (several custom built ASP.NET Apps) Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ MS SQL 2008 Database Server Linux Web Server w/ Several WordPress Blogs (XAMPP?) Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ IIS (DEV ENVIRONMENT) Windows 2008 Server R2 w/ MS SQL 2008 Database Server (DEV ENVIRONMENT) In your opinion, will this hardware be sufficient to run the above load with room for possible 2-3 more virtual machines (probably lightweight web servers)?

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• NFS of NAS server blocks in cluster environment

  - by Zardoz

  In our department we have an Iomega NAS (px4-300d) connected to a Supermicro cluster with 5 nodes (12 cores per node). Each node mounts a share on that NAS by using NFS. Unfortunately after some time (several minutes) of permanent read/write operations (from all nodes) the NAS starts to block and a bit later freezes completely. We tried several options of the mount command, but nothing helped (async, intr, wsize, rsize). The NAS itself doesn't allow many options (better to say none). Do you have any recommendation how to integrate a NAS using NFS in a cluster environment?

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• Linux freezes every few seconds

  - by Zeppomedio

  We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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• Passenger/Rails not releasing memory

  - by michaeldelorenzo

  I have an Ubuntu server running three separate Rails (2.3.8) applications with Passenger, REE and Apache. Recently we started experiencing problems with ruby processes eating up memory and consuming entire cores on our server. Here's what we're getting... %CPU PID USER COMMAND 99.9 1717 nobody Rails: /var/www/api 99.6 5542 nobody Rails: /var/www/api 97.3 1223 nobody Rails: /var/www/api 4.7 5537 nobody Passenger ApplicationSpawner: /var/www/api 10.5 1801 nobody Rails: /var/www/api We've also seen instances where there have been over 100 instances of Apache running. These applications have been running for a few months without an of these issues, but in the last day or so we've been noticing this. The site referenced here is a Rails application that is a RESTful API so it serves many requests every minute. Any guidance on what we should be checking or looking out for would be appreciated.

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• So confused by these CPU Specs can someone please help me out? THanks!

  - by Kevin

  Intel® Core™ i7-640M (2.8~3.46GHz, 35W) w/4MB Cache - 2 Cores, 4 Threads - 2.5 GT/s SO i'm buying a new laptop, which i have not done in 6 years. So i am not familiar with any of these cpu specs. It was the highest option for intel for this laptop. So i am assuming it is somewhat fast. But i'd like to learn what these specs mean. Any help would be greatly appreciated. i am not really a computer guy but would love to learn about what I am buying. Thanks!

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• Multiple SQL Standard Instances on 4 Processor/32-core Server

  - by Theowood

  We have a large 4 processor/32-core server with 192GB of memory available in the data center and over twenty small SQL Standard databases to consolidate. They are a mix of SQL 2012 and 2008 R2 for 3rd-party apps. Is there any issue with simply installing two instances of SQL Standard on the server - one for 2012 and one for 2008 R2 ? Each instance will use up to 64GB out of the 192GB and 16 cores. If we did this with Enterprise, the licensing would be a fortune and the Enterprise features are not needed.

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• What's better for deploying a website + DB on EC2: 2 small VM or a large one?

  - by devguy

  I'm planning the deployment of a mid-sized website with a SQL Server Standard DB. I've chosen Amazon EC2 to deploy it. I now have to choose between these 2 options: 1) get 2 small instances (1 core each, 1.7 GB of ram each): one for the IIS front-end, one for running the DB. Note: these "small instances" can only run the 32-bit version of Win2008 Server 2) a single large instance (4 cores, 7.5 gb of ram) where I'd install both IIS and the SQL Server. Note: this large instance can only run the 64-bit version of Win2008 Server What's better in terms on performance, scalability, ease of management (launch up a new instance while I backup the principal instance) etc. All suggestions and points of view are welcome!

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• Improve efficiency when using parallel to read from compressed stream

  - by Yoga

  Is another question extended from the previous one [1] I have a compressed file and stream them to feed into a python program, e.g. bzcat data.bz2 | parallel --no-notice -j16 --pipe python parse.py > result.txt The parse.py can read from stdin continusuoly and print to stdout My ec2 instance is 16 cores but from the top command it is showing 3 to 4 load average only. From the ps, I am seeing a lot of stuffs like.. sh -c 'dd bs=1 count=1 of=/tmp/7D_YxccfY7.chr 2>/dev/null'; I know I can improve using the -a in.txtto improve performance, but with my case I am streaming from bz2 (I cannot exact it since I don't have enought disk space) How to improve the efficiency for my case? [1] Gnu parallel not utilizing all the CPU

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• Configuring MPI on 2 nodes

  - by Wysek

  I'm trying to create really simple "cluster" from 2 multicore computers using openmpi. My problem is that I can't find any tutorials on that matter. I don't want to use torque because it's not necessary in my case nevertheless all tutorials give configuration details either about torque or mpd (which doesn't exist in openmpi implementation). Could you give me some tips or links to appropriate manuals? Steps I've already completed: - openmpi installation - network configuration (computers see each other) - ssh password-less login to second computer I tried using machinefiles without further configuration and with just 2 IPs in it. But jobs don't seem to start at all after initialization part. (MPI seems to work because I'm able to scatter jobs on multiple cores of both computers without communication between them).

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• Hardware specs for web cache

  - by Raj

  I am looking for recommendations for hardware specs for a server that needs to be a web cache for a user population of about 2,000 concurrent connections. The clients are viewing segmented HTTP video in bitrates ranging from 150kbps to 2mbps. Most video is "live" meaning segments of 2-10 secs each, of which 100 or so are maintained at a time. There are also some pre-recorded fixed length videos. How would I go about doing the provisioning calculation for such a server: What kind of HDD (SSD?), how many NICs how much RAM etc? I am thinking of using Varnish on Linux, all the RAM I can get my hands on, 2 CPUs with 6-8 cores each.

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• Server Sizing Methodology

  - by adbrpc

  Our development environment consist of JBoss 5.0.1 DB Server, SQL Server 2008, Oracle IDM. Hardware is Win 2008 32 bit, 4GB RAM. We have reached stage where our environment can not handle application resulting in JBoss shut down throwing out of memory errors and CPU reaching to 90% usage. I am looking methodology to calculate correct server sizing where I input TPS, max number of concurrent users, max CPU utilization etc.. to give me number of servers, RAM size, number of cores. I am expecting application to grow 10% annually. Load Balancer and Failover should also be taken in account while sizing.

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• High IO latency on ESXi 4.1 on HP DL580 G7

  - by teddydestodes

  at my Company we were experiencing some weird spikes on IO latency on one of our ESXi instances. we've spend 24h figuring out whats wrong and no clue so far. after giving up we put all the disks into a different server (HP DL380 G7) with much less RAM and only one 6(HT) cores (from 12 on the DL 580) which run fine for about 2 hours. I dont know the specs for the DL380 but both servers have a Smart Array P410i with BBWC (the DL 580 has 1GB) Is it possible that one(or all) of the disks is failing without actually failing?

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• Hardware changes to require XP Activation ? (for a Virtual Machine)

  - by NVRAM

  I have WXP-64 running on a VM and, for testing and performance reasons, I would like to occasionally change the allocations for it. Changes might include: Number of CPU cores, Amount of RAM Add/remove network adapters. But I'm concerned that XP will demand re-activation and that I might eventually have licensing issues if I do this. So, can anyone tell me: What kind of changes trigger re-activation in XP? Is there limits or caveat with regard to re-activation? I've perused this question and the article it references, but wanted more recent and verified info. (FWIW, I'm not trying to cheat: the OS copy was purchased explicitly for the VM.)

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• KVM vs Hyper-V. Which hypervisor is best for windows guests?

  - by user198851

  I am currently testing openstack for windows guests (XP and 7). I have deployed openstack "all in one" on system with following specs Processor corei5. (4 physical cores and 8 Threads with HT Technology) RAM 8 GB. HD 500 GB. I have created 4 windows xp guests with 512MB RAM and 1VCPU. On each windows guest i have installed visual studio 2008 only. In nova.conf CPU Over-Commit ratio is 2 for better performance (as mentioned in openstack operation guide). Using KVM as hyerpvisor. I have observed poor performance when simultaneously using visual studio in four windows instances. How i can improve performance ? Should i use KVM or Hyper-V ? or any other suggestion ?

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• Random Connections to MySQL refused (Error 111)

  - by joatis

  A Perl/CGI webapp that has been running fine for almost a year has started to randomly been unable to connect to a remotely hosted MySQL. The Error thrown is : Can't connect to MySQL server on 'xx.x.xxx.xx' (111) Reloading the page often solves the problem The client is using Perl, DBI and SSL to connect to MySQL using the same configuration file each time. MySQL 5.0 Server Running RH EL5 Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2374 HE, 8 cores Real Memory: 15.73 GB total, 11.81 GB used allows networking in my.cnf max-connections are not being met load is low. The servers firewall is open to the client's subnet. The mysql user has permissions from the client's subnet. I have my host looking into the problem but so far we're all stumped as to way the occasional connection is (increasingly getting refused) Any advice what to check that would cause the random refusal of connections?

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• Why does the heat production increase as the clockrate of a CPU increases?

  - by Nils

  This is probably a bit off-topic, but the whole multi-core debate got me thinking. It's much easier to produce two cores (in one package) then speeding up one core by a factor of two. Why exactly is this? I googled a bit, but found mostly very imprecise answers from over clocking boards which do not explain the underlying Physics. The voltage seems to have the most impact (quadratic), but do I need to run a CPU at higher voltage if I want a faster clock rate? Also I like to know why exactly (and how much) heat a semiconductor circuit produces when it runs at a certain clock speed.

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• Resize2fs at 81h and counting

  - by Adam

  Setup: 12x 1TB drives in a RAID6 (MDADM) crypt-setup running ontop of MDADM LVM running on the crypted drives EXT4 on the LVM Background: I added a new drive to the RAID (increasing from 11 to 12 drives), and 'bubbled' up through the layers (MDADM, etc...) to reizing the ext4 partition. This machine is used as a centralized repository for photography and as a backup server (for both Windows and Mac machines) so bringing it down to add the drive and wait for the resizing and everything wasn't really an option. So I started the resize operation several days ago. HTOP is reporting the resize2fs operation as running for 81h now. DMESG and syslog are both clear, and the drives are still accessable. The resize command reports it's started an online resize of the partition, so the process IS running, and it is burning through 100% of one of my cores. Question: Is it normal for the operation to take this long or has something gone horribly wrong? Where would I start looking for signs of trouble?

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• Ubuntu server header timeout

  - by Tabatha M

  I'm running Ubuntu Linux 12.04.1 Kernel and CPU Linux 3.2.0-30-generic on x86_64. Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E31230 @ 3.20GHz, 8 cores I recently came across this problem. I'm using apache2/php latest and when I run $url_headers = @get_headers($url); Inside PHP it would normally take milliseconds to within a second to get the headers. Now recently it can take up to 15 seconds or even timeout. It has worked great for over a year and recently started doing this. I'm not sure how to go about fixing it, any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you

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• Too Much Swapping, even though RAM is 2/3 Empty

  - by indyaah

  I have a VPS with 9GB RAM, 300GB HDD, 3 GB Swap, 7 Cores. The OS is CentOS 5.7 Final. I have postgres9.0 running on my machine, with proper tuning done (at least by book/wiki of PostgreSQL). What happens is most of the times when some complex query run (by complex I mean select with maximum 3 Joins), eventhough 66% of my RAM is unused there is ~99% swapping is happening. Plus it screws up my disk IO which is most of the time reaching ~100% and slows down everything else. (I tend to believe something's wrong with my disk.) I dont understand the reason of this much of swapping happening. Is it because of context switching?? Most of the time my processors are idle, while the IO wait goes upto 30% during pick times. Would appreciate if some can shed some light on it. Thanks.

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• In terms of load handling, which is better: one server or two of equivalent power?

  - by seldary

  My goal is to figure out if i'm better off with one strong server, or multiple weaker servers with a load balancer. Does the fact of splitting the load between servers have an effect on the total load my website could take? It's hard to single that out, because there are of course a lot of parameters that affect the results, so some assumptions: Putting failover considerations aside - I know it matters, but for the sake of the question's simplicity, lets assume nothing fails. The servers in the multiple servers option have an accumulated "power" equivalent to the one server option (about the same amount of cores and RAM space). If that is too theoretical, here is a concrete question that could help: Suppose I have several instances of exactly the same server - lets call it S. Suppose that server S can serve a load of up to X calls per time unit. Will two S servers with a load balancer serve 2X calls per time unit? significantly more? significantly less?

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• 1 tera flop cluster?

  - by Adobe

  I want to buy a $40000 1 tera flop cluster to keep it in a room. What are the standard configurations? Cluster is supposed to do molecular dynamics simulations on biological systems. I'm proposed a 4 pc with 8 cores each by the selling company I'm deadling with. It looks like I also need infiniband. Does some one has an experience -- what phisical memory should I buy etc? I know things change very quickly... Still there might be a point or two to state. Edit: Custer is supposed to run linux, and gromacs in it.

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