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• OSX - User home directories shared via NFS

  - by Hugh

  Hi, I've run into some problems with how I've got user home directories set up on our system here. Our server is an XServe, using Open Directory to manage the user accounts. The majority of our workstations are OSX, but there are a few running Linux (Centos 5.3), and, as time goes on, we expect the proportion of Linux workstations to increase (at some point, we expect to move the server side over to Linux too, but for now we're running with what we've already got) To ensure that the Linux and OSX workstations both see user's home directories in the same place, I shared the home directories using NFS. On the server end, the home directories are stored in: /Volumes/data/company_users This is mounted on the workstations to: /mount/company_users This work fine on the Linux workstations, but there is some weirdness under OSX. For the user who is logged in through the GUI, it all works just fine. However, if a user tries to SSH into a machine that they are not the primary user on, they often have no access to their own home directory. It looks as though OSX is trying to do something else to the user home directories mount point when you log in through the GUI.... For example, on this machine (nv001), I (hugh) am logged into the GUI. Last login: Mon Mar 8 18:17:52 on ttys011 [nv001:~] hugh% ls -al /mount/company_users total 40 drwxrwxrwx 26 hugh wheel 840 27 Jan 19:09 . drwxr-xr-x 6 admin admin 204 19 Dec 18:36 .. drwx------+ 128 hugh staff 4308 27 Feb 23:36 hugh drwx------+ 26 matt staff 840 4 Dec 14:14 matt [nv001:~] hugh% So Matt's home directory is accessible to him. However, if I try to switch to him: [nv001:~] hugh% su - matt Password: su: no directory [nv001:~] hugh% Or: [nv001:~] hugh% su matt Password: tcsh: Permission denied tcsh: Trying to start from "/mount/company_users/matt" tcsh: Trying to start from "/" [nv001:/] matt% Does anyone have any idea why it might be doing this? It's causing me all sorts of problems at the moment... The only machine that I can successfully switch users at the moment is the server that the user directories are stored on, where /mount/company_users is actually just a symlink to /Volumes/data/company_users Thanks

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• Do we need to explicitly pass php.ini's location to php-fpm?

  - by F21

  I am seeing a strange issue where my php.ini is not used if I do not explicitly pass it to php-fpm when starting it. This is the upstart script I am using: start on (filesystem and net-device-up IFACE=lo) stop on runlevel [016] pre-start script mkdir -p /run/php end script expect fork respawn exec /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php/php-fpm.conf If PHP is started with the above, my php.ini is never used, even though it is in Configuration File (php.ini) Path. This is the relevant part from phpinfo(): Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php/ Loaded Configuration File (none) Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none) Additional .ini files parsed (none) If I modify the last line of the upstart script to point php-fpm to php.ini explicitly: exec /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /etc/php/php-fpm.conf -c /etc/php/php.ini Then we see that the php.ini is loaded: Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php/ Loaded Configuration File /etc/php/php.ini Scan this dir for additional .ini files (none) Additional .ini files parsed (none) Why is this the case? Is this a quirk in php-fpm? Minor update: This also seems to be a problem for php5-fpm installed using apt-get. I did a test install in a Ubuntu Server 12.04 virtual machine by running the following: sudo apt-get install nginx php5-fpm PHP-FPM and nginx were started after installation and everything seemed fine. I then uncommented php's settings in nginx's configuration and placed a test phpinfo() file to inspect PHP's settings. The relevant bits are: Configuration File (php.ini) Path /etc/php5/fpm Loaded Configuration File (none) Scan this dir for additional .ini files /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d Additional .ini files parsed /etc/php5/fpm/conf.d/10-pdo.ini I noted that no php.ini was loaded either. However, if I go to /etc/php5/fpm, I can see that a php.ini exists. I also checked the start up scripts for PHP-FPM and the -c parameter was not used to link the ini file to PHP. This can potentially be confusing for people who would expect php.ini to be loaded automatically by PHP-FPM.

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• RAID-1 and regular drive removal (using RAID-1 as a backup measure)

  - by Vi

  Is using mdadm's RAID-1 of 2 partitions (one on laptop's internal HDD, one on external HDD) a good idea. I want the system to work as RAID-1 if both drives are present, work as regular volume (degradad RAID-1) if external HDD is unplugged and quickly resync when I plug external HDD again. Questions: Is it a good idea? Will write-intent bitmap be enough for this task or I need something else? Should I consider doing it at filesystem level (3b. if yes, how?). Basic requirements are: Quick resync when I re-add the external drive (provided I hasn't changed that partition). More or less consistent data on the removed drive if I remove it not during write/resync operation. If I remove the drive during resync I expect the data to be somewhat inconsistent, but expect quick resync completion when I re-add it again. E.g. I want the the remaining drive to track what is changed (there can be a lot of changes) and that sync back only those parts that need it.

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• Non-functioning AutoFilter on Locked Cells in Office 2008 - works in Office 2007

  - by Sarcas

  I'm looking into a problem for someone, who works in a mixed OS environment. She has created an Excel spreadsheet in Office 2007 to act as a directory, with AutoFilter turned on for names, email addresses, departments etc. To make sure no one accidentally edits email addresses (for example), she has protected the work sheet. Accessing this worksheet on a PC running Excel 2007, everything runs as you'd expect. You can filter the sheet by any of the auto-filtered columns, and because the sheet is protected, the data integrity is guaranteed. However, if you access the sheet on a Mac running Excel 2008, you can't filter the columns. What's strange here is that the AutoFilter dropdown arrows do appear in each of the column headers as you would expect. It's just that nothing happens if you click on them. If you select one of the column header cells (say, 'First Name') and check the menu: Data-Filter, you can see that AutoFilter is ticked. As another datapoint, you also seem to be able to apply an Advanced filter to these rows on the protected sheets. Does anyone know why this might be? It seems to be a compatibility issue between Excel 2007/2008 (I know the codebase isn't the same), but I can't find any references to it in documentation or forums anywhere, and it would be good to know if there's a way around this. Thanks!

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• Mac OS X - User home directories shared via NFS

  - by Hugh

  I've run into some problems with how I've got user home directories set up on our system here. Our server is an XServe, using Open Directory to manage the user accounts. The majority of our workstations are OS X, but there are a few running Linux (Centos 5.3), and, as time goes on, we expect the proportion of Linux workstations to increase (at some point, we expect to move the server side over to Linux too, but for now we're running with what we've already got) To ensure that the Linux and OS X workstations both see user's home directories in the same place, I shared the home directories using NFS. On the server end, the home directories are stored in: /Volumes/data/company_users This is mounted on the workstations to: /mount/company_users This work fine on the Linux workstations, but there is some weirdness under OS X. For the user who is logged in through the GUI, it all works just fine. However, if a user tries to SSH into a machine that they are not the primary user on, they often have no access to their own home directory. It looks as though OS X is trying to do something else to the user home directories mount point when you log in through the GUI.... For example, on this machine (nv001), I (hugh) am logged into the GUI. Last login: Mon Mar 8 18:17:52 on ttys011 [nv001:~] hugh% ls -al /mount/company_users total 40 drwxrwxrwx 26 hugh wheel 840 27 Jan 19:09 . drwxr-xr-x 6 admin admin 204 19 Dec 18:36 .. drwx------+ 128 hugh staff 4308 27 Feb 23:36 hugh drwx------+ 26 matt staff 840 4 Dec 14:14 matt [nv001:~] hugh% So Matt's home directory is accessible to him. However, if I try to switch to him: [nv001:~] hugh% su - matt Password: su: no directory [nv001:~] hugh% Or: [nv001:~] hugh% su matt Password: tcsh: Permission denied tcsh: Trying to start from "/mount/company_users/matt" tcsh: Trying to start from "/" [nv001:/] matt% Does anyone have any idea why it might be doing this? It's causing me all sorts of problems at the moment... The only machine that I can successfully switch users at the moment is the server that the user directories are stored on, where /mount/company_users is actually just a symlink to /Volumes/data/company_users

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• SQL 2005 AD Group permission levels

  - by jj.

  I'm trying to give permissions to a (sql 2005) database app based on AD groups. The general idea is to require a user to have a membership to "app_users" to view anything, and membership to other groups gives them write access to that group. "app_customers" gives write access to the customers module, "app_sales" to sales, etc. I've listed an example below: user1: AD member of app_users user2: AD member of app_users, app_customers For dbo.customers table: app_users - Granted: Select permission - Denied: Insert, Update, Delete app_customers - Granted: Select permission - Granted: Insert, Update, Delete I would expect user1 to be able to view the dbo.customers table, but will not be allowed to modify anything (insert/update/delete) - which works. In the same vein, I would expect user2 to be able to view AND modify the dbo.customers table, since they are a member of app_customers. However, this is not the case. Instead, user2 is denied any modifications just like user1. I seem to remember something about deny permissions winning if there was a conflict, but it's honestly been too long since I've dealt with them. Am I going about this the right way? Thanks for your time!

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• How much network latency is "typical" for east - west coast USA?

  - by Jeff Atwood

  At the moment we're trying to decide whether to move our datacenter from the west coast (Corvallis, OR) to the east coast (NY, NY). However, I am seeing some disturbing latency numbers from my location (Berkeley, CA) to the NYC host. Here's a sample result, retrieving a small .png logo file in Google Chrome and using the dev tools to see how long the request takes: Berkeley to NYC server: 215 ms latency, 46ms transfer time, 261ms total Berkeley to Corvallis server: 114ms latency, 41ms transfer time, 155ms total some URLs if you want to try yourself: http://careers.stackoverflow.com/content/cso/img/logo.png (NY, NY) http://serverfault.com/cache/logo.png (Corvallis, OR) It makes sense that Corvallis, OR is geographically closer to Berkeley, CA so I expect the connection to be a bit faster.. but I'm seeing an increase in latency of +100ms when I perform the same test to the NYC server. That seems .. excessive to me. Particularly since the time spent transferring the actual data only went up 10%, yet the latency went up ten times as much! That feels... wrong... to me. I found a few links here that were helpful (through Google no less!) ... http://serverfault.com/questions/63531/does-routing-distance-affect-performance-significantly http://serverfault.com/questions/61719/how-does-geography-affect-network-latency http://serverfault.com/questions/6210/latency-in-internet-connections-from-europe-to-usa ... but nothing authoritative. So, is this normal? It doesn't feel normal. What is the "typical" latency I should expect when moving network packets from the east coast <--> west coast of the USA?

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• Ghost Solution Suite: Booting over PXE to WinPE for re-imaging, then booting to installed OS

  - by uberdanzik

  I have 40 networked computers that need to be re-imaged each night over a network via an automatic and unattended process. This is to reset the computers to a default state, as well as update the computers to the latest software loads. I'm using Symantec Ghost Solution Suite 2.5. My process so far is the following: Client begins in a powered down WakeOnLan accepting state. Ghost Console task uses WakeOnLan and PXE to boot the client into the WinPE environment. The client connects to the ghost console and reimages itself successfully. The client closes WinPE and restarts. PROBLEM: The client boots into the WinPE environment again, instead of the newly installed OS (Win7) I need it to boot into Win7 once so that I can run a few configuration batch files, then shut down into the WakeOnLan state again. Ghost console even reports an error on the process, that it never rebooted into the OS. Right now it seems that there is not an option to stop it from booting into the PXE server's WinPE image after re-imaging. Even if I set up a PXE boot menu with other boot options, its pointless, because it will always boot the default option. I would expect the ghost console task to be able to influence the PXE boot choice somehow. What do they expect us to do, turn the PXE server on and off manually? How can I get the client to boot to the OS after re-imaging? Thank you.

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• Rebooting access point via SSH with pexpect... hangs. Any ideas?

  - by MiniQuark

  When I want to reboot my D-Link DWL-3200-AP access point from my bash shell, I connect to the AP using ssh and I just type reboot in the CLI interface. After about 30 seconds, the AP is rebooted: # ssh [email protected] [email protected]'s password: ******** Welcome to Wireless SSH Console!! ['help' or '?' to see commands] Wireless Driver Rev 4.0.0.167 D-Link Access Point wlan1 -> reboot Sound's great? Well unfortunately the ssh client process never exits, for some reason (maybe the AP kills the ssh server a bit too fast, I don't know). My ssh client process is completely blocked (even if I wait for several minutes, nothing happens). I always have to wait for the AP to reboot, then open another shell, find the ssh client process ID (using ps aux | grep ssh) then kill the ssh process using kill <pid>. That's quite annoying. So I decided to write a python script to reboot the AP. The script connects to the AP's CLI interface via ssh, using python-pexpect, and it tries to launch the "reboot" command. Here's what the script looks like: #!/usr/bin/python # usage: python reboot_ap.py {host} {user} {password} import pexpect import sys import time command = "ssh %(user)s@%(host)s"%{"user":sys.argv[2], "host":sys.argv[1]} session = pexpect.spawn(command, timeout=30) # start ssh process response = session.expect(r"password:") # wait for password prompt session.sendline(sys.argv[3]) # send password session.expect(" -> ") # wait for D-Link CLI prompt session.sendline("reboot") # send the reboot command time.sleep(60) # make sure the reboot has time to actually take place session.close(force=True) # kill the ssh process The script connects properly to the AP (I tried running some other commands than reboot, they work fine), it sends the reboot command, waits for one minute, then kills the ssh process. The problem is: this time, the AP never reboots! I have no idea why. Any solution, anyone?

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• How much network latency is "typical" for east - west coast USA?

  - by Jeff Atwood

  At the moment we're trying to decide whether to move our datacenter from the west coast to the east coast. However, I am seeing some disturbing latency numbers from my west coast location to the east coast. Here's a sample result, retrieving a small .png logo file in Google Chrome and using the dev tools to see how long the request takes: West coast to east coast: 215 ms latency, 46 ms transfer time, 261 ms total West coast to west coast: 114 ms latency, 41 ms transfer time, 155 ms total It makes sense that Corvallis, OR is geographically closer to my location in Berkeley, CA so I expect the connection to be a bit faster.. but I'm seeing an increase in latency of +100ms when I perform the same test to the NYC server. That seems .. excessive to me. Particularly since the time spent transferring the actual data only increased 10%, yet the latency increased 100%! That feels... wrong... to me. I found a few links here that were helpful (through Google no less!) ... Does routing distance affect performance significantly? How does geography affect network latency? Latency in Internet connections from Europe to USA ... but nothing authoritative. So, is this normal? It doesn't feel normal. What is the "typical" latency I should expect when moving network packets from the east coast <--> west coast of the USA?

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• AWS Application - Subscription Payments Scheduled but Not Initializing

  - by nicorellius

  I briefly browsed the AWS forums but these are not nearly as easy to use and efficient as Stack Exchange derived ones, so here I am... the company I work for has an app on the AWS cloud. In general the app works well. However, since it is new, we haven't had many customers and the ones who signed up are now coming to the point where their subscriptions to our service should be renewed. In comes my question. When I query the database for payment status of certain subscriptions using the console, I get what I would expect: Instrument XYZ is on a Monthly subscription (subscription=xxxyyyzz). The subscription is active with an expiration date of 19 Apr 2010 10:43 Z The payment token will expire on 1 Dec 2012 12:00 Z There are xy runs remaining. The subscription fee of $XX.xx will be charged on 17 Apr 2010 10:43 Z OK, this is great. According to this, I would expect the next payment to be initiated on 17 Apr. The reason I am asking is because for a different user last month I got this same output but the payment never went through, i.e., was not initiated through Amazon payments. The user didn't see the payment go through and neither did we. It should be noted that the initial payments were received. The sign up process works and if the user goes to "pay" from within our app, they will be directed to https://payments.amazon.com to make their payment. Any ideas?

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• Multicast image restoration with adaptive speed

  - by Clinton Blackmore

  I'm curious to know if there are any tools for restoring disk images (or even transferring files) via multicast -- for any platform, especially if the project has source available -- where the multicast rate adjusts itself on the fly. On the Mac, all multicast solutions I am aware of (such as Deploy Studio, and NetRestore before it) make use of multicast ASR (apple software restore), which has one glaring deficiency -- you have to set the multicast speed before you start sending a disk image over the network, and that speed is locked in. Either your clients can keep up and restore, or they can't*. It seems to me that it must be possible for the multicast server to adjust the data rate, so you basically say "start sending this image", clients connect, and, if they can't keep up, they tell the server so it slows down. (Likewise, I'd expect the server to try speeding up if no client is having difficulties keeping up, and I'd expect to be able to cap that maximum throughput so that other network activities can go on without being resource starved.) So, what sort of tools are out there? For Linux? Windows? Is there something for the Mac I've overlooked. [It just kills me that it is true that, by the time you get multicast up and going at a good speed to restore a lab, you could've unicasted the data to all the computers and be done.] * There is a little leeway involved. I think individual clients can say, "I missed a little bit of data" and get it, and they can opt to listen in the next time the image is sent over the network, but on the whole, if they missed it the first go round, you have to image the machine again, and there is no time savings.

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• HyperV - low CPU usage

  - by Klark

  I am very new to HyperV and virtual machine philosophy in general, so please expect more or less nooby questions :) I have a server that is only used as a host for virtual machines. OS is windows server 2008 R2 and it is running on 16 CPU and 48 GBs of RAM. On aforementioned server there are 8 VMs, each having 4 CPUs and 4 GBs of RAM. On those VMs we are running some CPU intensive tasks. Each machine has nearly 100% cpu usage. After I noticed slow performance I went to the host machine and started playing with process explorer. It turned out that cpu usage is very low. Also I/O is very low, and of course, memory consumption is high, which is expected. Of course, I don't expect that those 4 virtual cores dedicated to a VM work as fast as real, hardware 4 cores, but still I expected a higher consumption of real hardware. Is this sort of behaviour normal? I see that the most of CPU usage on host machine are marked as interrupts (which I guess is normal) and all those interrupts are passed to only one core (which is strange). Are there out of box optimization that I could perform to finally use all that processing power that is under the hood. My knowledge of virtualization technology is near to embarrassing, so I would be grateful for any links that could enlightened me :) Thanks.

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• How to display escaped characters in tmux status bar

  - by walrus

  i am running tmux from a tty on an embedded linux device. (NOT a terminal emulator) because the screen is rather small, i want to add some "icons" to the tmux status bar. to achieve this, i have simply created a font with the appropriate glyphs for things like battery, or wifi. i can load the font, and display the characters with calls that use an escape to the line drawing characters like so: echo -e "\xe\234\xf" \xe escapes me into line drawing character mode, \234 is my created character, and \xf returns me to normal character mode so my terminal doesnt start getting goofy. this works perfectly if i enter the command at the terminal whether tmux is started or not. the issue arises if i then try to use it in my ~/.tmux.conf file for the status bar. i currently have a line like this: set -g status-right "#(echo -e "\xe\234\xf") #(/script/to/output/powerlevel) this simply outputs \xe\234\xf powerlevel this goes the same if i try printf over echo. this is the output i would expect to get on the terminal if i made the call without passing -e to echo, or without enclosing the statement with quotes. i then decided to wrap the calls to the echo or printf in a shell script. again, the script works when called from the terminal, but not in tmux's status bar. now i get the unprintable character "?" instead of my icon, like this: ? powerlevel this is what i would expect if i did not use the line drawing escapes previously mentioned above, or if i tried to copy and paste the character as text using tmux. in addition, the calling of these character scripts screws up the rest of my status-right, as the clock has about 6 digits for minutes when it is called (though it correctly only updates two of them). how can i make tmux respect the escape characters? any help or insight is greatly appreciated.

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• Best console based text editor not only for programmers [closed]

  - by robo

  I need console based text editor for writing both source codes and human readable texts such as emails. I need it to be user friendly. It mean for me: You can use it the same way as the notepad or gedit. You can use mouse there. If you need your mother of girlfriend or somebody to edit your text they will know what to do, they will not realize it is a console and will have only a feeling it is something like a notepad. copy, paste, undo works as usual with usual key combinations (Ctrl-C, Ctrl-V, Ctrl-Z). shift and arrows works as usual. They select the text. And when I return to the computer I want to use the text editor for programming. I expect: Syntax highliting auto indenting replacing spaces with tabs keyboard shortcuts for compiling possibility to configure it to use a debugger autocompletions for c#, java, c++ and other languages other things I expect from IDE's. I was working and configuring vim for a few years. But It never fulfilled all of my expectations (but it almost did). I thing I could get vim configured perfectly if I had few more weeks time for configurating it. Unfortunately I cannot afford to be configuring vim forever. Is there other alternative? Hopefully some editor I once set up and it will works forever? What do you use? I often hear people are using emacs. Is it worth learning?

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• What can I do to determine the root cause of a Windows server hanging/freezing?

  - by Aaronaught

  We set up a new server here a few weeks ago that I am informally responsible for managing. Almost everything works perfectly except for one thing: Every so often it hangs without warning. To clarify: When I say hangs, I mean completely. None of the services respond and I'm unable to even get onto a local console - the display acts as though there's no VGA signal. One time, the server actually responded to pings, another time I got the "destination host unreachable" response, but most of the time the pings just time out, as one would expect for a hung server. Event logs don't show anything after a reboot. I don't mean that they don't show anything interesting, I mean that they don't show anything at all from before the failure occurs to after the reboot. And there are never any performance problems, strange errors, or other obvious signs of impending doom before it happens. I don't expect any easy answers here. What I'd like to know his I can methodically determine the root cause of this problem, be it a misbehaving service, defective hardware, or something else. Is there any kind of logging I can set up that will help me get to the bottom of this? Any hardware diagnostics or remote monitoring? Anything else I can do to help me discover what's actually happening, or at least be able to eliminate what isn't wrong? Just to reiterate, I really don't want to start speculating about possible causes and take a trial-and-error approach, because it's going to be at least several days at a time before I would have conclusive results. I'm looking for solutions to reliably trace the problem to its source.

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• if I define `my_domain`, postfix does not expand mail aliases

  - by Norky

  I have postfix v2.6.6 running on CentOS 6.3, hostname priest.ocsl.local (private, internal domain) with a number of aliases supportpeople: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] requests: "|/opt/rt4/bin/rt-mailgate --queue 'general' --action correspond --url http://localhost/", supportpeople help: "|/opt/rt4/bin/rt-mailgate --queue 'help' --action correspond --url http://localhost/", supportpeople If I leave postfix with its default configuration, then the aliases are resolved correctly/as I expect, so that incoming mail to, say, [email protected] will be piped through the rt-mailgate mailgate command and also be delivered (via the mail server for ocsl.co.uk (a publicly resolvable domain)) to [email protected], user2, etc. The problem comes when I define mydomain = ocsl.co.uk in /etc/postfix/main.cf (with the intention that outgoing mail come from, for example, [email protected]). When I do this, postfix continues to run the piped command correctly, however it no longer expands the nested aliases as I expect: instead of trying to deliver to [email protected], user2 etc, it tries to send to [email protected], which does not exist on the upstream mail server and generates NDRs. postconf -n for the non-working configuration follows (the working configuration differs only by the "mydomain" line. alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost mydomain = ocsl.co.uk newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 We did have things working as we expected/wanted previously on an older system running Sendmail.

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• Is NFS capable of preserving order of operations?

  - by JustJeff

  I have a diskless host 'A', that has a directory NFS mounted on server 'B'. A process on A writes to two files F1 and F2 in that directory, and a process on B monitors these files for changes. Assume that B polls for changes faster than A is expected to make them. Process A seeks the head of the files, writes data, and flushes. Process B seeks the head of the files and does reads. Are there any guarantees about how the order of the changes performed by A will be detected at B? Specifically, if A alternately writes to one file, and then the other, is it reasonable to expect that B will notice alternating changes to F1 and F2? Or could B conceivably detect a series of changes on F1 and then a series on F2? I know there are a lot of assumptions embedded in the question. For instance, I am virtually certain that, even operating on just one file, if A performs 100 operations on the file, B may see a smaller number of changes that give the same result, due to NFS caching some of the actions on A before they are communicated to B. And of course there would be issues with concurrent file access even if NFS weren't involved and both the reading and the writing process were running on the same real file system. The reason I'm even putting the question up here is that it seems like most of the time, the setup described above does detect the changes at B in the same order they are made at A, but that occasionally some events come through in transposed order. So, is it worth trying to make this work? Is there some way to tune NFS to make it work, perhaps cache settings or something? Or is fine-grained behavior like this just too much expect from NFS?

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• Logging communication between two VMs

  - by sYnfo

  Hi, I'm trying to set up "malware lab" described in this paper. So far, I've set up Windows guest system, adding one Host-only Network adapter, and setting this (sorry if the names aren't exactely correct, I don't have an english language version): - IP Address - 10.0.0.3 - Subnet mask - 255.255.255.0 - Default gateway - not set - Preferred DNS - 10.0.0.4 - Alternate DNS - not set And a Linux guest system - Ubuntu 9.04 - with two Network adapters - Bridged (eth0) and Host-only (eth1), and setting eth1 IP Address to 10.0.0.4, leaving the eth0 to be set by DHCP. Then, I have configured iptables as described in the paper, ie.: iptables -F -t nat iptables -F -t mangle iptables -t mangle -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P POSTROUTING ACCEPT iptables -t nat -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p udp -i eth1 -d 10.0.0.3 --dport 53 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth1 -d 10.0.0.3 --dport 6000:7000 -j ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j ULOG iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -i eth1 -j DROP Now, when I try to ping the windows system from within the Linux system, it does not reply, I guess thats perfectly normal, because iptables is blocking ping responce. Same when I try to ping the Linux system from within the Windows. But when I try to access any web page from within the Windows system, I would expect that this action should get logged by iptables. But thing is, I don't see any of that kind of lines in log file (If I am looking in the right place, that is. :) It is at /var/log/messages, isn't it?). So, what do you think might be the problem here? I should note, that this is the first time I'm using linux, so don't expect ANY working knowledge of Linux at all... :) Also, since english is not my mother tongue, feel free to point out any gramatical mistakes... :) Thanks for any advice.

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• Why would the Apache parent process restart silently?

  - by miracle

  I run apache 2.2.9 with mpm prefork on debian lenny. Following http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/prefork.html, I would expect that there is one parent process, running as root and listening as configured, which would start child processes as defined by the Min/Max/etc. directives. I expect the children to be restarted as per MaxRequestsPerChild, but the parent process to stay put with one process id until I restart it manually. Out of a little paranoia, I started monitoring listening ports including process ids. I have a cron job every 20 minutes to run netstat -ap | grep LISTEN and diff the output. Sometimes (about once per day) I see a series of this: 8c8 < tcp6 0 0 [::]:www [::]:* LISTEN 6194/apache2 --- tcp6 0 0 [::]:www [::]:* LISTEN 6607/apache2 10c10 < tcp6 0 0 [::]:https [::]:* LISTEN 6194/apache2 --- tcp6 0 0 [::]:https [::]:* LISTEN 6607/apache2 Over a period of an hour or three, the parent would change its pid at least once every 20 minutes, without any explanation in the log files or any other hint that anything is going wrong. This is not what I expected. What am I missing?

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• Software Engineering Practices &ndash; Different Projects should have different maturity levels

  - by Dylan Smith

  I’ve had a lot of discussions at the office lately about the drastically different sets of software engineering practices used on our various projects, if what we are doing is appropriate, and what factors should you be considering when determining what practices are most appropriate in a given context. I wanted to write up my thoughts in a little more detail on this subject, so here we go: If you compare any two software projects (specifically comparing their codebases) you’ll often see very different levels of maturity in the software engineering practices employed. By software engineering practices, I’m specifically referring to the quality of the code and the amount of technical debt present in the project. Things such as Test Driven Development, Domain Driven Design, Behavior Driven Development, proper adherence to the SOLID principles, etc. are all practices that you would expect at the mature end of the spectrum. At the other end of the spectrum would be the quick-and-dirty solutions that are done using something like an Access Database, Excel Spreadsheet, or maybe some quick “drag-and-drop coding”. For this blog post I’m going to refer to this as the Software Engineering Maturity Spectrum (SEMS). I believe there is a time and a place for projects at every part of that SEMS. The risks and costs associated with under-engineering solutions have been written about a million times over so I won’t bother going into them again here, but there are also (unnecessary) costs with over-engineering a solution. Sometimes putting multiple layers, and IoC containers, and abstracting out the persistence, etc is complete overkill if a one-time use Access database could solve the problem perfectly well. A lot of software developers I talk to seem to automatically jump to the very right-hand side of this SEMS in everything they do. A common rationalization I hear is that it may seem like a small trivial application today, but these things always grow and stick around for many years, then you’re stuck maintaining a big ball of mud. I think this is a cop-out. Sure you can’t always anticipate how an application will be used or grow over its lifetime (can you ever??), but that doesn’t mean you can’t manage it and evolve the underlying software architecture as necessary (even if that means having to toss the code out and re-write it at some point…maybe even multiple times). My thoughts are that we should be making a conscious decision around the start of each project approximately where on the SEMS we want the project to exist. I believe this decision should be based on 3 factors: 1. Importance - How important to the business is this application? What is the impact if the application were to suddenly stop working? 2. Complexity - How complex is the application functionality? 3. Life-Expectancy - How long is this application expected to be in use? Is this a one-time use application, does it fill a short-term need, or is it more strategic and is expected to be in-use for many years to come? Of course this isn’t an exact science. You can’t say that Project X should be at the 73% mark on the SEMS and expect that to be helpful. My point is not that you need to precisely figure out what point on the SEMS the project should be at then translate that into some prescriptive set of practices and techniques you should be using. Rather my point is that we need to be aware that there is a spectrum, and that not everything is going to be (or should be) at the edges of that spectrum, indeed a large number of projects should probably fall somewhere within the middle; and different projects should adopt a different level of software engineering practices and maturity levels based on the needs of that project. To give an example of this way of thinking from my day job: Every couple of years my company plans and hosts a large event where ~400 of our customers all fly in to one location for a multi-day event with various activities. We have some staff whose job it is to organize the logistics of this event, which includes tracking which flights everybody is booked on, arranging for transportation to/from airports, arranging for hotel rooms, name tags, etc The last time we arranged this event all these various pieces of data were tracked in separate spreadsheets and reconciliation and cross-referencing of all the data was literally done by hand using printed copies of the spreadsheets and several people sitting around a table going down each list row by row. Obviously there is some room for improvement in how we are using software to manage the event’s logistics. The next time this event occurs we plan to provide the event planning staff with a more intelligent tool (either an Excel spreadsheet or probably an Access database) that can track all the information in one location and make sure that the various pieces of data are properly linked together (so for example if a person cancels you only need to delete them from one place, and not a dozen separate lists). This solution would fall at or near the very left end of the SEMS meaning that we will just quickly create something with very little attention paid to using mature software engineering practices. If we examine this project against the 3 criteria I listed above for determining it’s place within the SEMS we can see why: Importance – If this application were to stop working the business doesn’t grind to a halt, revenue doesn’t stop, and in fact our customers wouldn’t even notice since it isn’t a customer facing application. The impact would simply be more work for our event planning staff as they revert back to the previous way of doing things (assuming we don’t have any data loss). Complexity – The use cases for this project are pretty straightforward. It simply needs to manage several lists of data, and link them together appropriately. Precisely the task that access (and/or Excel) can do with minimal custom development required. Life-Expectancy – For this specific project we’re only planning to create something to be used for the one event (we only hold these events every 2 years). If it works well this may change (see below). Let’s assume we hack something out quickly and it works great when we plan the next event. We may decide that we want to make some tweaks to the tool and adopt it for planning all future events of this nature. In that case we should examine where the current application is on the SEMS, and make a conscious decision whether something needs to be done to move it further to the right based on the new objectives and goals for this application. This may mean scrapping the access database and re-writing it as an actual web or windows application. In this case, the life-expectancy changed, but let’s assume the importance and complexity didn’t change all that much. We can still probably get away with not adopting a lot of the so-called “best practices”. For example, we can probably still use some of the RAD tooling available and might have an Autonomous View style design that connects directly to the database and binds to typed datasets (we might even choose to simply leave it as an access database and continue using it; this is a decision that needs to be made on a case-by-case basis). At Anvil Digital we have aspirations to become a primarily product-based company. So let’s say we use this tool to plan a handful of events internally, and everybody loves it. Maybe a couple years down the road we decide we want to package the tool up and sell it as a product to some of our customers. In this case the project objectives/goals change quite drastically. Now the tool becomes a source of revenue, and the impact of it suddenly stopping working is significantly less acceptable. Also as we hold focus groups, and gather feedback from customers and potential customers there’s a pretty good chance the feature-set and complexity will have to grow considerably from when we were using it only internally for planning a small handful of events for one company. In this fictional scenario I would expect the target on the SEMS to jump to the far right. Depending on how we implemented the previous release we may be able to refactor and evolve the existing codebase to introduce a more layered architecture, a robust set of automated tests, introduce a proper ORM and IoC container, etc. More likely in this example the jump along the SEMS would be so large we’d probably end up scrapping the current code and re-writing. Although, if it was a slow phased roll-out to only a handful of customers, where we collected feedback, made some tweaks, and then rolled out to a couple more customers, we may be able to slowly refactor and evolve the code over time rather than tossing it out and starting from scratch. The key point I’m trying to get across is not that you should be throwing out your code and starting from scratch all the time. But rather that you should be aware of when and how the context and objectives around a project changes and periodically re-assess where the project currently falls on the SEMS and whether that needs to be adjusted based on changing needs. Note: There is also the idea of “spectrum decay”. Since our industry is rapidly evolving, what we currently accept as mature software engineering practices (the right end of the SEMS) probably won’t be the same 3 years from now. If you have a project that you were to assess at somewhere around the 80% mark on the SEMS today, but don’t touch the code for 3 years and come back and re-assess its position, it will almost certainly have changed since the right end of the SEMS will have moved farther out (maybe the project is now only around 60% due to decay). Developer Skills Another important aspect to this whole discussion is around the skill sets of your architects and lead developers. When talking about the progression of a developers skills from junior->intermediate->senior->… they generally start by only being able to write code that belongs on the left side of the SEMS and as they gain more knowledge and skill they become capable of working at a higher and higher level along the SEMS. We all realize that the learning never stops, but eventually you’ll get to the point where you can comfortably develop at the right-end of the SEMS (the exact practices and techniques that translates to is constantly changing, but that’s not the point here). A critical skill that I’d love to see more evidence of in our industry is the most senior guys not only being able to work at the right-end of the SEMS, but more importantly be able to consciously work at any point along the SEMS as project needs dictate. An even more valuable skill would be if you could make the conscious decision to move a projects code further right on the SEMS (based on changing needs) and do so in an incremental manner without having to start from scratch. An exercise that I’m planning to go through with all of our projects here at Anvil in the near future is to map out where I believe each project currently falls within this SEMS, where I believe the project *should* be on the SEMS based on the business needs, and for those that don’t match up (i.e. most of them) come up with a plan to improve the situation.

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• Data Quality and Master Data Management Resources

  - by Dejan Sarka

  Many companies or organizations do regular data cleansing. When you cleanse the data, the data quality goes up to some higher level. The data quality level is determined by the amount of work invested in the cleansing. As time passes, the data quality deteriorates, and you need to repeat the cleansing process. If you spend an equal amount of effort as you did with the previous cleansing, you can expect the same level of data quality as you had after the previous cleansing. And then the data quality deteriorates over time again, and the cleansing process starts over and over again. The idea of Data Quality Services is to mitigate the cleansing process. While the amount of time you need to spend on cleansing decreases, you will achieve higher and higher levels of data quality. While cleansing, you learn what types of errors to expect, discover error patterns, find domains of correct values, etc. You don’t throw away this knowledge. You store it and use it to find and correct the same issues automatically during your next cleansing process. The following figure shows this graphically. The idea of master data management, which you can perform with Master Data Services (MDS), is to prevent data quality from deteriorating. Once you reach a particular quality level, the MDS application—together with the defined policies, people, and master data management processes—allow you to maintain this level permanently. This idea is shown in the following picture. OK, now you know what DQS and MDS are about. You can imagine the importance on maintaining the data quality. Here are some resources that help you preparing and executing the data quality (DQ) and master data management (MDM) activities. Books Dejan Sarka and Davide Mauri: Data Quality and Master Data Management with Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 – a general introduction to MDM, MDS, and data profiling. Matching explained in depth. Dejan Sarka, Matija Lah and Grega Jerkic: MCTS Self-Paced Training Kit (Exam 70-463): Building Data Warehouses with Microsoft SQL Server 2012 – I wrote quite a few chapters about DQ and MDM, and introduced also SQL Server 2012 DQS. Thomas Redman: Data Quality: The Field Guide – you should start with this book. Thomas Redman is the father of DQ and MDM. Tyler Graham: Microsoft SQL Server 2012 Master Data Services – MDS in depth from a product team mate. Arkady Maydanchik: Data Quality Assessment – data profiling in depth. Tamraparni Dasu, Theodore Johnson: Exploratory Data Mining and Data Cleaning – advanced data profiling with data mining. Forthcoming presentations I am presenting a DQS and MDM seminar at PASS SQL Rally Amsterdam 2013: Wednesday, November 6th, 2013: Enterprise Information Management with SQL Server 2012 – a good kick start to your first DQ and / or MDM project. Courses Data Quality and Master Data Management with SQL Server 2012 – I wrote a 2-day course for SolidQ. If you are interested in this course, which I could also deliver in a shorter seminar way, you can contact your closes SolidQ subsidiary, or, of course, me directly on addresses [email protected] or [email protected]. This course could also complement the existing courseware portfolio of training providers, which are welcome to contact me as well. Start improving the quality of your data now!

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• Customize Team Build 2010 – Part 12: How to debug my custom activities

  In the series the following parts have been published Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Add arguments and variables Part 3: Use more complex arguments Part 4: Create your own activity Part 5: Increase AssemblyVersion Part 6: Use custom type for an argument Part 7: How is the custom assembly found Part 8: Send information to the build log Part 9: Impersonate activities (run under other credentials) Part 10: Include Version Number in the Build Number Part 11: Speed up opening my build process template Part 12: How to debug my custom activities Part 13: Get control over the Build Output Part 14: Execute a PowerShell script Part 15: Fail a build based on the exit code of a console application       Developers are “spoilt” persons who expect to be able to have easy debugging experiences for every technique they work with. So they also expect it when developing custom activities for the build process template. This post describes how you can debug your custom activities without having to develop on the build server itself. Remote debugging prerequisites The prerequisite for these steps are to install the Microsoft Visual Studio Remote Debugging Monitor. You can find information how to install this at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspx. I chose for the option to run the remote debugger on the build server from a file share. Debugging symbols prerequisites To be able to start the debugging, you need to have the pdb files on the buildserver together with the assembly. The pdb must have been build with Full Debug Info. Steps In my setup I have a development machine and a build server. To setup the remote debugging, I performed the following steps Locate on your development machine the folder C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger Create a share for the Remote Debugger folder. Make sure that the share (and the folder) has the correct permissions so the user on the build server has access to the share. On the build server go to the shared “Remote Debugger” folder Start msvsmon.exe which is located in the folder that represents the platform of the build server. This will open a winform application like   Go back to your development machine and open the BuildProcess solution. Start the Attach to process command (Ctrl+Alt+P) Type in the Qualifier the name of the build server. In my case the user account that has started the msvsmon is another user then the user on my development machine. In that case you have to type the qualifier in the format that is shown in the Remote Debugging Monitor (in my case LOCAL\Administrator@TFSLAB) and confirm it by pressing <Enter> Since the build service is running with other credentials, check the option “Show processes from all users”. Now the Attach to process dialog shows the TFSBuildServiceHost process Set the breakpoint in the activity you want to debug and kick of a build. Be aware that when you attach to the TFSBuildServiceHost that you debug every single build that is run by this windows service, so make sure you don’t debug the build server that is in production! You can download the full solution at BuildProcess.zip. It will include the sources of every part and will continue to evolve.

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• Access Music from Amie Street in Boxee

  - by Mysticgeek

  One of our favorite sites for discovering new music is Amie Street. Today we take a look at the Amie Street app for Boxee that allows you to access your favorite tunes from the Boxee interface. Amie Street is a cool site that allows you to discover a lot of cool music from independent artists. What makes Amie Street unique is that most of the music starts out free, then the price goes up incrementally as its popularity grows. The Amie Street App for Boxee let’s you access music and playlists you’ve created on the site, with more features are on the way. For this example we’re using the mouse and keyboard, but of course you can also get to each section using your remote if you have one. Or you can turn your iPod touch into a Boxee remote too. Amie Street in Boxee To access the Amie Street app, launch Boxee and click on Apps from the main menu. Under the Search Sidebar type in Amie Street and select it from the results field.   Then you can add it to the My Apps section…and double-click on the icon. Click on Start to begin using it. You’ll be be presented with a Welcome screen where you can sign into your account. If you don’t have an account yet, there is also an option to go to the Amie Street site and create one. Enter in your account credentials… Now you’ll be able to access your Library, Playlists, Search for new tunes, and check out your Recommended bands and artists. Hover the pointer over an album to get a bit more info about it such as the music genre. You’ll be able to play the songs from the playlists you created on the Amie Street site. You can browse through the history of the music you’ve played as well. Not all the features of this app seem to work as you’d expect them to, and some of the features are not yet available like the Browse feature.   Conclusion At the time of this writing we weren’t able to purchase music or get additional information about the artists. As development continues on Boxee and this app, you can expect more of a full user experience and the ability to purchase music. Even though some of the features are a bit buggy or not available, if you’re a Boxee user and a fan of Amie Street, this is cool app to add to your collection. Download Boxee for Windows, Mac, and Ubuntu Learn more about Amie Street on Boxee Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Amie Street Downloader Makes Purchasing Music EasierFind Free or Cheap Indie Music at Amie StreetIntegrate Boxee with Media Center in Windows 7Using Pandora in BoxeeGetting Started with Boxee TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips HippoRemote Pro 2.2 Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Watch World Cup Online On These Sites Speed Up Windows With ReadyBoost Awesome World Cup Soccer Calendar Nice Websites To Watch TV Shows Online 24 Million Sites Windows Media Player Glass Icons (icons we like)

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• How to detect UTF-8-based encoded strings [closed]

  - by Diego Sendra

  A customer of asked us to build him a multi-language based support VB6 scraper, for which we had the need to detect UTF-8 based encoded strings to decode it later for proper displaying in application UI. It's necessary to point out that this need arises based on VB6 limitations to natively support UTF-8 in its controls, contrary to what it happens in .NET where you can tell a control that it should expect UTF-8 encoding. VB6 natively supports ISO 8859-1 and/or Windows-1252 encodings only, for which textboxes, dropdowns, listview controls, others can't be defined to natively support/expect UTF-8 as you can do in .NET considering what we just explained; so we would see weird symbols such as é, è among others, making it a whole mess at the time of displaying. So, next function contains whole UTF-8 encoded punctuation marks and symbols from languages like Spanish, Italian, German, Portuguese, French and others, based on an excellent UTF-8 based list we got from this link - Ref. http://home.telfort.nl/~t876506/utf8tbl.html Basically, the function compares if each and one of the listed UTF-8 encoded sentences, separated by | (pipe) are found in our passed string making a substring search first. Whether it's not found, it makes an alternative ASCII value based search to get a match. Say, a string like "Societé" (Society in english) would return FALSE through calling isUTF8("Societé") while it would return TRUE when calling isUTF8("SocietÈ") since È is the UTF-8 encoded representation of é. Once you got it TRUE or FALSE, you can decode the string through DecodeUTF8() function for properly displaying it, a function we found somewhere else time ago and also included in this post. Function isUTF8(ByVal ptstr As String) Dim tUTFencoded As String Dim tUTFencodedaux Dim tUTFencodedASCII As String Dim ptstrASCII As String Dim iaux, iaux2 As Integer Dim ffound As Boolean ffound = False ptstrASCII = "" For iaux = 1 To Len(ptstr) ptstrASCII = ptstrASCII & Asc(Mid(ptstr, iaux, 1)) & "|" Next tUTFencoded = "Ä|Ã…|Ç|É|Ñ|Ö|ÃŒ|á|Ã|â|ä|ã|Ã¥|ç|é|è|ê|ë|í|ì|î|ï|ñ|ó|ò|ô|ö|õ|ú|ù|û|ü|â€|°|¢|£|§|•|¶|ß|®|©|â„¢|´|¨|â‰|Æ|Ø|∞|±|≤|≥|Â¥|µ|∂|∑|âˆ|Ï€|∫|ª|º|Ω|æ|ø|¿|¡|¬|√|Æ’|≈|∆|«|»|…|Â|À|Ã|Õ|Å’|Å“|–|—|“|â€|‘|’|÷|â—Š|ÿ|Ÿ|â„|€|‹|›|ï¬|fl|‡|·|‚|„|‰|Â|Ú|Ã|Ë|È|Ã|ÃŽ|Ã|ÃŒ|Ó|Ô||Ã’|Ú|Û|Ù|ı|ˆ|Ëœ|¯|˘|Ë™|Ëš|¸|Ë|Ë›|ˇ" & _ "Å|Å¡|¦|²|³|¹|¼|½|¾|Ã|×|Ã|Þ|ð|ý|þ" & _ "â‰|∞|≤|≥|∂|∑|âˆ|Ï€|∫|Ω|√|≈|∆|â—Š|â„|ï¬|fl||ı|˘|Ë™|Ëš|Ë|Ë›|ˇ" tUTFencodedaux = Split(tUTFencoded, "|") If UBound(tUTFencodedaux) > 0 Then iaux = 0 Do While Not ffound And Not iaux > UBound(tUTFencodedaux) If InStr(1, ptstr, tUTFencodedaux(iaux), vbTextCompare) > 0 Then ffound = True End If If Not ffound Then 'ASCII numeric search tUTFencodedASCII = "" For iaux2 = 1 To Len(tUTFencodedaux(iaux)) 'gets ASCII numeric sequence tUTFencodedASCII = tUTFencodedASCII & Asc(Mid(tUTFencodedaux(iaux), iaux2, 1)) & "|" Next 'tUTFencodedASCII = Left(tUTFencodedASCII, Len(tUTFencodedASCII) - 1) 'compares numeric sequences If InStr(1, ptstrASCII, tUTFencodedASCII) > 0 Then ffound = True End If End If iaux = iaux + 1 Loop End If isUTF8 = ffound End Function Function DecodeUTF8(s) Dim i Dim c Dim n s = s & " " i = 1 Do While i <= Len(s) c = Asc(Mid(s, i, 1)) If c And &H80 Then n = 1 Do While i + n < Len(s) If (Asc(Mid(s, i + n, 1)) And &HC0) <> &H80 Then Exit Do End If n = n + 1 Loop If n = 2 And ((c And &HE0) = &HC0) Then c = Asc(Mid(s, i + 1, 1)) + &H40 * (c And &H1) Else c = 191 End If s = Left(s, i - 1) + Chr(c) + Mid(s, i + n) End If i = i + 1 Loop DecodeUTF8 = s End Function

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