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• 'int' object is not callable

  - by Oscar Reyes

  I'm trying to define a simply Fraction class And I'm getting this error: python fraction.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "fraction.py", line 20, in <module> f.numerator(2) TypeError: 'int' object is not callable The code follows: class Fraction(object): def __init__( self, n=0, d=0 ): self.numerator = n self.denominator = d def get_numerator(self): return self.numerator def get_denominator(self): return self.denominator def numerator(self, n): self.numerator = n def denominator( self, d ): self.denominator = d def prints( self ): print "%d/%d" %(self.numerator, self.denominator) if __name__ == "__main__": f = Fraction() f.numerator(2) f.denominator(5) f.prints() I thought it was because I had numerator(self) and numerator(self, n) but now I know Python doesn't have method overloading ( function overloading ) so I renamed to get_numerator but that's not the problems. What could it be?

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• add a decorate function to a class

  - by wiso

  I have a decorated function (simplified version): class Memoize: def __init__(self, function): self.function = function self.memoized = {} def __call__(self, *args, **kwds): hash = args try: return self.memoized[hash] except KeyError: self.memoized[hash] = self.function(*args) return self.memoized[hash] @Memoize def _DrawPlot(self, options): do something... now I want to add this method to a pre-esisting class. ROOT.TChain.DrawPlot = _DrawPlot when I call this method: chain = TChain() chain.DrawPlot(opts) I got: self.memoized[hash] = self.function(*args) TypeError: _DrawPlot() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given) why doesn't it propagate self?

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• WxPython multiple grid instances

  - by randomPythonHacker

  Does anybody know how I can get multiple instances of the same grid to display on one frame? Whenever I create more than 1 instance of the same object, the display of the original grid widget completely collapses and I'm left unable to do anything with it. For reference, here's the code: import wx import wx.grid as gridlib class levelGrid(gridlib.Grid): def __init__(self, parent, rows, columns): gridlib.Grid.__init__(self, parent, -1) self.moveTo = None self.CreateGrid(rows, columns) self.SetDefaultColSize(32) self.SetDefaultRowSize(32) self.SetColLabelSize(0) self.SetRowLabelSize(0) self.SetDefaultCellBackgroundColour(wx.BLACK) self.EnableDragGridSize(False) class mainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, id, title): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title, size=(768, 576)) editor = levelGrid(self, 25, 25) panel1 = wx.Panel(editor, -1) #vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL) #vbox.Add(editor, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5) #selector = levelGrid(self, 1, 25) #vbox.Add(selector, 1, wx.EXPAND |wx.BOTTOM, 5) self.Centre() self.Show(True) app = wx.App() mainFrame(None, -1, "SLAE") app.MainLoop()

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• how to parse self closing tag in xml file

  - by ajay-sharma2

  Hi, I am working on an iphone application in which I am consuming a webservice. So i am parsing the XML file data. any idea about how to parse self closing tag like: State/ and how to read data of self tag like: Contact Email="[email protected]" Name="PhD" Phone="123-521-3388" Source="location"/ I am parsing xml file using NSXMLPARSER class methods and library Thanks,

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• Rectangle Rotation in Python/Pygame

  - by mramazingguy

  Hey I'm trying to rotate a rectangle around its center and when I try to rotate the rectangle, it moves up and to the left at the same time. Does anyone have any ideas on how to fix this? def rotatePoint(self, angle, point, origin): sinT = sin(radians(angle)) cosT = cos(radians(angle)) return (origin[0] + (cosT * (point[0] - origin[0]) - sinT * (point[1] - origin[1])), origin[1] + (sinT * (point[0] - origin[0]) + cosT * (point[1] - origin[1]))) def rotateRect(self, degrees): center = (self.collideRect.centerx, self.collideRect.centery) self.collideRect.topleft = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.topleft, center) self.collideRect.topright = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.topright, center) self.collideRect.bottomleft = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.bottomleft, center) self.collideRect.bottomright = self.rotatePoint(degrees, self.collideRect.bottomright, center)

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• Python : How to close a UDP socket while is waiting for data in recv ?

  - by alexroat

  Hello, let's consider this code in python: import socket import threading import sys import select class UDPServer: def __init__(self): self.s=None self.t=None def start(self,port=8888): if not self.s: self.s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) self.s.bind(("",port)) self.t=threading.Thread(target=self.run) self.t.start() def stop(self): if self.s: self.s.close() self.t.join() self.t=None def run(self): while True: try: #receive data data,addr=self.s.recvfrom(1024) self.onPacket(addr,data) except: break self.s=None def onPacket(self,addr,data): print addr,data us=UDPServer() while True: sys.stdout.write("UDP server> ") cmd=sys.stdin.readline() if cmd=="start\n": print "starting server..." us.start(8888) print "done" elif cmd=="stop\n": print "stopping server..." us.stop() print "done" elif cmd=="quit\n": print "Quitting ..." us.stop() break; print "bye bye" It runs an interactive shell with which I can start and stop an UDP server. The server is implemented through a class which launches a thread in which there's a infinite loop of recv/*onPacket* callback inside a try/except block which should detect the error and the exits from the loop. What I expect is that when I type "stop" on the shell the socket is closed and an exception is raised by the recvfrom function because of the invalidation of the file descriptor. Instead, it seems that recvfrom still to block the thread waiting for data even after the close call. Why this strange behavior ? I've always used this patter to implements an UDP server in C++ and JAVA and it always worked. I've tried also with a "select" passing a list with the socket to the xread argument, in order to get an event of file descriptor disruption from select instead that from recvfrom, but select seems to be "insensible" to the close too. I need to have a unique code which maintain the same behavior on Linux and Windows with python 2.5 - 2.6. Thanks.

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• How can I position QDockWidgets as the screen shot shows using code?

  - by Nathan

  I want a Qt window to come up with the following arrangement of dock widgets on the right. Qt allows you to provide an argument to the addDockWidget method of QMainWindow to specify the position (top, bottom, left or right) but apparently not how two QDockWidgets placed on the same side will be arranged. Here is the code that adds the dock widgets. this uses PyQt4 but it should be the same for Qt with C++ self.memUseGraph = mem_use_widget(self) self.memUseDock = QDockWidget("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setObjectName("Memory Usage") self.memUseDock.setWidget(self.memUseGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.memUseDock) self.diskUsageGraph = disk_usage_widget(self) self.diskUsageDock = QDockWidget("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setObjectName("Disk Usage") self.diskUsageDock.setWidget(self.diskUsageGraph) self.addDockWidget(Qt.DockWidgetArea(Qt.RightDockWidgetArea),self.diskUsageDock) When this code is used to add both of them to the right side, one is above the other, not like the screen shot I made. The way I made that shot was to drag them there with the mouse after starting the program, but I need it to start that way.

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• Python - what's your conventions to declare your attributes in a class ?

  - by SeyZ

  Hello, In Python, I can declare attributes all over the class. For example : class Foo: def __init__(self): self.a = 0 def foo(self): self.b = 0 It's difficult to retrieve all attributes in my class when I have a big class with a lot of attributes. Is it better to have the following code (a) or the next following code (b) : a) Here, it's difficult to locate all attributes : class Foo: def __init__(self): foo_1() foo_2() def foo_1(self): self.a = 0 self.b = 0 def foo_2(self): self.c = 0 b) Here, it's easy to locate all attributes but is it beautiful ? class Foo: def __init__(self): (self.a, self.b) = foo_1() self.c = foo_2() def foo_1(self): a = 0 b = 0 return (a, b) def foo_2(self): c = 0 return c In a nutshell, what is your conventions to declare your attributes in a class ?

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• Use a foreign key mapping to get data from the other table using Python and SQLAlchemy.

  - by Az

  Hmm, the title was harder to formulate than I thought. Basically, I've got these simple classes mapped to tables, using SQLAlchemy. I know they're missing a few items but those aren't essential for highlighting the problem. class Customer(object): def __init__(self, uid, name, email): self.uid = uid self.name = name self.email = email def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Cust: %s, Name: %s (Email: %s)" %(self.uid, self.name, self.email) The above is basically a simple customer with an id, name and an email address. class Order(object): def __init__(self, item_id, item_name, customer): self.item_id = item_id self.item_name = item_name self.customer = None def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "Item ID %s: %s, has been ordered by customer no. %s" %(self.item_id, self.item_name, self.customer) This is the Orders class that just holds the order information: an id, a name and a reference to a customer. It's initialised to None to indicate that this item doesn't have a customer yet. The code's job will assign the item a customer. The following code maps these classes to respective database tables. # SQLAlchemy database transmutation engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() customers_table = Table('customers', metadata, Column('uid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('email', String) ) orders_table = Table('orders', metadata, Column('item_id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('item_name', String), Column('customer', Integer, ForeignKey('customers.uid')) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Customer, customers_table) mapper(Orders, orders_table) Now if I do something like: for order in session.query(Order): print order I can get a list of orders in this form: Item ID 1001: MX4000 Laser Mouse, has been ordered by customer no. 12 What I want to do is find out customer 12's name and email address (which is why I used the ForeignKey into the Customer table). How would I go about it?

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• Sending object C from class A to class B

  - by user278618

  Hi, I can't figure out how to design classes in my system. In classA I create object selenium (it simulates user actions at website). In this ClassA I create another objects like SearchScreen, Payment_Screen and Summary_Screen. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class OurSiteTestCases(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 5555, "*chrome", "http://www.someaddress.com/") time.sleep(5) self.selenium.start() def test_buy_coffee(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open('/') sel.window_maximize() search_screen=SearchScreen(self.selenium) search_screen.choose('lavazza') payment_screen=PaymentScreen(self.selenium) payment_screen.fill_test_data() summary_screen=SummaryScreen(selenium) summary_screen.accept() def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It's example SearchScreen module: class SearchScreen: def __init__(self,selenium): self.selenium=selenium def search(self): self.selenium.click('css=button.search') I want to know if there is anything ok with a design of those classes?

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• Does someone have an example of why I would self-host a WCF service

  - by RJ

  I guess my mind is so engaged in IIS and web applications that I can't think of a reason to go through the trouble of using a self-hosted WCF service. I have always had the availability of IIS so creating a self-hosted WCF service seems like more work than I would want to do. Why would I want to do this?

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• OpenSSL Ignore Self-signed certificate error

  - by Ramsey

  I'm writing a small program with the OpenSSL library that is suppose to establish a connection with an SSLv3 server. This server dispenses a self-signed certificate, which causes the handshake to fail with this message: "sslv3 alert handshake failure, self signed certificate in certificate chain." Is there a way I can force the connection to proceed? I've tried calling SSL_CTX_set_verify like so: SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, NULL); But it does not seem to change anything. Any suggestions?

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• Python: confused with classes, attributes and methods in OOP

  - by user1586038

  A. Am learning Python OOP now and confused with somethings in the code below. Question: 1. def init(self, radius=1): What does the argument/attribute "radius = 1" mean exactly? Why isn't it just called "radius"? The method area() has no argument/attribute "radius". Where does it get its "radius" from in the code? How does it know that the radius is 5? """ class Circle: pi = 3.141592 def __init__(self, radius=1): self.radius = radius def area(self): return self.radius * self.radius * Circle.pi def setRadius(self, radius): self.radius = radius def getRadius(self): return self.radius c = Circle() c.setRadius(5) """ B. Question: In the code below, why is the attribute/argument "name" missing in the brackets? Why was is not written like this: def init(self, name) and def getName(self, name)? """ class Methods: def init(self): self.name = 'Methods' def getName(self): return self.name """

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• [self removeFromSuperview] not doing dealloc

  - by jonydep

  i have this in the superview: mySubView = [[MySubView alloc] init]; [self addSubview:mySubView]; [mySubView release]; then at some point later, in the sub view, this: [self removeFromSuperview]; when i debug it, i notice that the dealloc for the subview is never called, even though i'm fairly sure the reference count should be 0. any ideas why this might be? thanks.

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• PyQt signal between QObjects

  - by geho

  I'm trying to make a view and controller in PyQt where the view is emitting a custom signal when a button is clicked, and the controller has one of its methods connected to the emitted signal. It does not work, however. The respond method is not called when I click the button. Any idea what I did wrong ? import sys from PyQt4.QtCore import * from PyQt4.QtGui import QPushButton, QVBoxLayout, QDialog, QApplication class TestView(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(TestView, self).__init__(parent) self.button = QPushButton('Click') layout = QVBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(self.button) self.setLayout(layout) self.connect(self.button, SIGNAL('clicked()'), self.buttonClicked) def buttonClicked(self): self.emit(SIGNAL('request')) class TestController(QObject): def __init__(self, view): self.view = view self.connect(self.view, SIGNAL('request'), self.respond) def respond(self): print 'respond' app = QApplication(sys.argv) dialog = TestView() controller = TestController(dialog) dialog.show() app.exec_()

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• How to get attributes from parent?

  - by bribon

  Hi all, Let's say we have these classes: class Foo(object): _bar = "" def __init__(self): self.bar = "hello" def getBar(self): return self._bar def setBar(self, bar): self._bar = bar def getAttributes(self): for attr in self.__dict__: print attr bar = property(getBar, setBar) class Child(Foo): def __init__(self): super(Child, self).__init__() self.a = "" self.b = "" if I do something like: child = Child() child.getAttributes() I get all the attributes from parent and child. How could I get the attributes only from the parent? Thanks in advance!

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• rb plugin the hot key not working

  - by Bunny Rabbit

  def activate(self,shell): self.shell = shell self.action = gtk.Action ('foo','bar','baz',None) self.activate_id = self.action.connect ('activate', self.call_bk_fn,self.shell) self.action_group = gtk.ActionGroup ('hot_key_action_group') self.action_group.add_action_with_accel (self.action, "<control>E") uim = shell.get_ui_manager () uim.insert_action_group (self.action_group, 0) uim.ensure_update () def call_bk_fn(self,shell): print('hello world') i am using the above code in a plugin for rhythmbox ,and here i am trying to register the key ctr+e so that the call_bk_fn gets called whenever the key combination is pressed , but its not working why is that so ?

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• SELF-SOLVED AutoHotkey Function GetMouseTaskbutton need to adapt for 64-bit OS

  - by auntyEEK

  SOLVED VIA SELF-HELP, HAIR-PULLING, AND TEETH-GRINDING. THANKS ANYWAY....... I'm using the GetMouseTaskbutton function from this thread on AHK forum. [http://www.autohotkey.com/forum/topic22763.html&highlight=getmousetaskbutton][1] ; Gets the index+1 of the taskbar button which the mouse is hovering over. ; Returns an empty string if the mouse is not over the taskbar's task toolbar. ; ; Some code and inspiration from Sean's TaskButton.ahk GetMouseTaskButton(ByRef hwnd) { MouseGetPos, x, y, win, ctl, 2 ; Check if hovering over taskbar. WinGetClass, cl, ahk_id %win% if (cl != "Shell_TrayWnd") return ; Check if hovering over a Toolbar. WinGetClass, cl, ahk_id %ctl% if (cl != "ToolbarWindow32") return ; Check if hovering over task-switching buttons (specific toolbar). hParent := DllCall("GetParent", "Uint", ctl) WinGetClass, cl, ahk_id %hParent% if (cl != "MSTaskSwWClass") return WinGet, pidTaskbar, PID, ahk_class Shell_TrayWnd hProc := DllCall("OpenProcess", "Uint", 0x38, "int", 0, "Uint", pidTaskbar) pRB := DllCall("VirtualAllocEx", "Uint", hProc , "Uint", 0, "Uint", 20, "Uint", 0x1000, "Uint", 0x4) VarSetCapacity(pt, 8, 0) NumPut(x, pt, 0, "int") NumPut(y, pt, 4, "int") ; Convert screen coords to toolbar-client-area coords. DllCall("ScreenToClient", "uint", ctl, "uint", &pt) ; Write POINT into explorer.exe. DllCall("WriteProcessMemory", "uint", hProc, "uint", pRB+0, "uint", &pt, "uint", 8, "uint", 0) ; SendMessage, 0x447,,,, ahk_id %ctl% ; TB_GETHOTITEM SendMessage, 0x445, 0, pRB,, ahk_id %ctl% ; TB_HITTEST btn_index := ErrorLevel ; Convert btn_index to a signed int, since result may be -1 if no 'hot' item. if btn_index 0x7FFFFFFF btn_index := -(~btn_index) - 1 if (btn_index > -1) { ; Get button info. SendMessage, 0x417, btn_index, pRB,, ahk_id %ctl% ; TB_GETBUTTON VarSetCapacity(btn, 20) DllCall("ReadProcessMemory", "Uint", hProc , "Uint", pRB, "Uint", &btn, "Uint", 20, "Uint", 0) state := NumGet(btn, 8, "UChar") ; fsState pdata := NumGet(btn, 12, "UInt") ; dwData ret := DllCall("ReadProcessMemory", "Uint", hProc , "Uint", pdata, "UintP", hwnd, "Uint", 4, "Uint", 0) } else hwnd = 0 DllCall("VirtualFreeEx", "Uint", hProc, "Uint", pRB, "Uint", 0, "Uint", 0x8000) DllCall("CloseHandle", "Uint", hProc) ; Negative values indicate seperator items. (abs(btn_index) is the index) return btn_index > -1 ? btn_index+1 : 0 } It identifies the owner of the hovered taskbar button. I'm using it in a routine to auto-activate window by hovering its taskbar button, and also a routine to close inactive window by middle-click on its taskbar button. Works great on my XP machine. The author had stated that the function does work in Vista, but it refuses to work for me in Vista 64-bit, so apparently it is only valid in 32-bit. And I am very new to AHK, and don't know how to adapt it. Unfortunately, my queries at the site sank without a trace. Does anyone have advice for me? I will be most grateful. Thanks.

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• When returning from a period of not programming, do you find you've improved?

  - by Jon Purdy

  It seems as though whenever I take an extended break from programming—whether to pursue other interests or simply because I fall out of the habit for a while—I invariably find that when I return to a project and set to coding, I come with an abundance of new ideas, novel approaches, and just plain better code. It may be because I have a lot of other creative interests besides programming, and my mind likes to find correlation and crossover between them, so while I'm doing one thing, in the back of my mind I'm usually also applying it to another. So what's your experience? Do you ever return from a break (whether intentional or not) feeling not only refreshed, but also somehow noticeably improved? Is it actually the norm?

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• Best practices to work on several programming projects simultaneously

  - by Mahbubur R Aaman

  Most of the time I have to work on several projects simultaneously. I want to provide my best output at every project. What practices would be the best for me work on each project with better output? EDIT: It is better to follow http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000022.html But every companies does not follow JOEL methodologies. In this situation, what should i do? EDIT: I am a lead programmer. I have to lead several projects. Need to solve several programming problems of programmers. In this situation, what should i do?

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• What do you do with coder's block?

  - by Garet Claborn

  Lately it has been a bit rough. I basically know all the things I need and all the avenues to get there for work. There's been no real issue of a problem with too high complexity, and performance is good. Still, after three major projects this year, my mind is behaving a little strange. It's like I'm used to working in O(1+log(N-neatTricks)) but for some reason it processes in O(N^2)! I've experienced a sort of burnout after long deadlines and drudging projects before, but when it turns into a longer experience, I haven't found the usual suspects to be helpful. Take more walks Work on other code Overdesign everything until I feel intensely driven to just make it (sorta works) How can a programmer recoup from the specific hole in your head programming leaves after being mentally ransacked by these bloody corporations and their fancy money? Hopefully some of you have some better ideas, because I could really use another round of being looted and pillaged.I've often wondered if there are special puzzles or some kind of activity that would de-stress the tangled balance of left and right braininess programmers often deal with. Do any special techniques, activities, anything seem to help with the developer's mindset especially?

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• Learning language is enough to create average applications ?

  - by Freshblood

  Many books teach a programming language. However, knowing a specific language is not the same as knowning application or GUI design nor project layout. So, attempting to make an average application fails after learning a language. It is clear that knowing a language is not enough to make an application. If you agree with what I have said, why doesn't anyone mention this instead of teaching pure language syntax and features? Why books don't mention how to make a better application ?

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• What Contents in a Young Programmer's Personal Website

  - by DotNetStudent

  I recently stumbled upon this question in which the contents a professional programmer's website should have were discussed and I agree with most of the answers there. However, I am by no means a professional programmer (just came out from university) and so I am a bit lost in what concerns the contents I should provide in the personal website I am designing for myself now. I do have a pretty nice job at a fast-growing software company but I would really like to present myself to the outside world in a nice but humble manner since my curriculum is by no means a long one. Any ideas?

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• Development processes, the use of version control, and unit-testing

  - by ct01

  Preface I've worked at quite a few "flat" organizations in my time. Most of the version control policy/process has been "only commit after it's been tested". We were constantly committing at each place to "trunk" (cvs/svn). The same was true with unit-testing - it's always been a "we need to do this" mentality but it never really materializes in a substantive form b/c there is no institutional knowledge base to do it - no mentorship. Version Control The emphasis for version control management at one place was a very strict protocol for commit messages (format & content). The other places let employees just do "whatever". The branching, tagging, committing, rolling back, and merging aspect of things was always ill defined and almost never used. This sort of seems to leave the version control system in the position of being a fancy file-storage mechanism with a meta-data component that never really gets accessed/utilized. (The same was true for unit testing and committing code to the source tree) Unit tests It seems there's a prevailing "we must/should do this" mentality in most places I've worked. As a policy or standard operating procedure it never gets implemented because there seems to be a very ill-defined understanding about what that means, what is going to be tested, and how to do it. Summary It seems most places I've been to think version control and unit testing is "important" b/c the trendy trade journals say it is but, if there's very little mentorship to use these tools or any real business policies, then the full power of version control/unit testing is never really expressed. So grunts, like myself, never really have a complete understanding of the point beyond that "it's a good thing" and "we should do it". Question I was wondering if there are blogs, books, white-papers, or online journals about what one could call the business process or "standard operating procedures" or uses cases for version control and unit testing? I want to know more than the trade journals tell me and get serious about doing these things. PS: @Henrik Hansen had a great comment about the lack of definition for the question. I'm not interested in a specific unit-testing/versioning product or methodology (like, XP) - my interest is more about work-flow at the individual team/developer level than evangelism. This is more-or-less a by product of the management situation I've operated under more than a lack of reading software engineering books or magazines about development processes. A lot of what I've seen/read is more marketing oriented material than any specifically enumerated description of "well, this is how our shop operates".

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• Mathematics for Computer Science

  - by jiewmeng

  I am going into university next year. I think maths would be one of the more important aspects of computer science? I recently saw the MIT Intro to Algorithms video on YouTube and the maths required is quite hardcore. I wonder what parts of maths do i need, probability, calculus, trigo etc. Will the book Concrete Mathematics - it claims to be foundation for computer science - on Amazon cover most of whats required?

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