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• Understanding connection tracking in iptables

  - by Matt

  I'm after some clarification of the state/connection tracking in iptables. What is the difference between these rules? iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT Is connection tracking turned on when a packet is first matched containing -m state --state BLA , or is connection tracking always on? Can/Should connection state be used for fast matching like below? e.g. suppose this is some sort of router/firewall (no nat). # Default DROP policy iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop invalid iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept established,related connections iptables -A FORWARD -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh through, track connection iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --syn --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT

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• i accidentally deleted the recovery folder on a partition (win vista home)

  - by paul

  i accidentally deleted the recovery folder on the recovery partition (win vista home) i think it was some sort of scheduled maintenance of some program that i did not configure properly? oops... lol i called toshiba and they said i needed to buy a recovery program, which i didnt bother doing. I bought a legal copy of vista and would like to install the correct files and in a way that when my computer starts looking for files it will eventually find them or i can point to the partition. i'm pretty sure it's not a matter of copy and paste (is it?) thanks Paul

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• Windows 7 Ult machine can see XP Pro but not vice versa

  - by Chadworthington

  My new Windows 7 Ult. PC can attach to my work laptop and pull files but my work laptop cannot find my Windows 7 on the network. Is there some sort of limitation going on here? Before I got the new XP machine, my old XP Pro PC could pull files from the XP Pro laptop but not vice versa. The common thread seems to be that the work laptop cannot see other PCs, Windows 7 or not. Could it be because that PC is on a work domain? When I pull files from the work PC, I am prompted for domain credentials, which I provide.

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• How to automatically set default quota limits for users on XFS filesystem, when the new account is created

  - by acidburn2k

  I guess the title explains the problem pretty well. Do you have an idea for a mechanism, which will automatically assign default quota values for every new account created (sort as the skel scheme works, but in this area)? Now, I am looking for a generic clean solution, not some ugly cron based scripts, or wrapper scripts for creating users. I would also like to avoid any external, unmaintained stuff (like forgotten pam modules, and such). Anything what could lead to overhead and extra work in future isn't really the solution, nor is checking for new accounts every minute.

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• Deleting entire lines in a text file based on a partial string match with Windows PowerShell

  - by Charles

  So I have several large text files I need to sort through, and remove all occurrences of lines which contain a given keyword. So basically, if I have these lines: This is not a test This is a test Maybe a test Definitely not a test And I run the script with 'not', I need to entirely delete lines 1 and 4. I've been trying with: PS C:\Users\Admin> (Get-Content "D:\Logs\co2.txt") | Foreach-Object {$_ -replace "3*Program*", ""} | Set-Content "D:\Logs\co2.txt" but it only replaces the 'Program' and not the entire line.

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• Best DSL hardware for ADSL Troubleshooting

  - by Jeff Sacksteder

  I have a situation where I need to make the best of a bad DSL situation. The CPE is a black box with no access to DSL diagnostics. My plan is to get some sort of DSL hardware that exposes link-layer state and gives me knobs to tweak. I'd like to be able to mitigate bufferbloat as much as I can while I'm at it. The obvious choice would seem to be a Sangoma card in a linux system. I have no way of knowing if that will do anything for me without testing it, however. I have no other access to WAN troubleshooting equipment. Are there any other options avail to me as a consumer?

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• mac osx software always order files alphabetically rather than by type.

  - by george

  i have noticed many mac applications sort the files alphabetically rather than by type. a good example would be coda by panic.com the files in the file menu are organized alphabetically, i requested for them to add the feature to organize files by type and they've said that its a finder thing. so i went in search to look at other applications to see if they were organizing by type i noticed dreamweaver cs4 had this same problem and now including dreamweaver cs5. there has to be something in the mac that does this and that i can modify. i played with spotlight and it now displays its files by type (thinking thats what i can do) but it didnt take affect in other applications. what library are these applications using to display a file menu for its files?

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• when connected to vpn, can't access certain things

  - by shsteimer

  my companies vpn is not a standard windows vpn. It uses Juniper Networks and it intalls locally something called "Host Checker" prior to allowing me to connect. I have noticed 2 things that I can't access while on vpn. etrade.com - no idea why this specific website, but I can't get to it, maybe https? use of my magik jack - I'm assuming this is some sort of a port conflict issue. if im on a call when i connect, i lose all reception. if i try to make a call after conected, ic an't even get it to dial. Can anyone tell me how I would even begin to debug this. I expect if I call the help desk they won't be much help, but if I can tell them the specific problems of conflicts, maybe I have a chance of them working with me to get it working.

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• Google Bookmarks thinks I'm in Portugal

  - by Aeo

  I was looking for a convenient way to keep links to web sites between multiple computers on Monday. After a bit of searching, I found out Google offers a service that covers my desires just fine, Google Bookmarks. Fast forward to today, Wednesday afternoon, I loaded up Google Bookmarks to find this: Sorry, I don't speak Portuguese. I cacheless-refreshed my gmail tab to make sure something wasn't up with my whole account, and it's fine. Hitting the translate button works... ...sort of. It works enough to at least know what's going on. I can work with this, but... It really seems backwards. How do I tell Google I don't understand Portuguese in my Bookmarks?

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• How can I use the proxy settings on Epic privacy browser to log on to Facebook?

  - by EddieN120

  I love the Epic privacy browser because it is built from the ground up to enhance privacy. It's built on Chromium but because it has stripped out all code that tracks users across the Internet, pages load faster and things work snappier. With one click you can enable a proxy to hide your IP address, sort of like Chrome's "Incognito" mode on steroids. But there's a problem: if I load Epic, go to facebook.com, log in, and then click the proxy button, I can use Facebook for a while. But eventually, Facebook would throw up an error screen, saying that it thinks that my account has been hacked, and then it would make me verify my identity, force me to change my password, etc. I've had to change my password four times in as many days, which is very annoying. Now I turn on the proxy for browsing on to every other site but Facebook. Question: how can I use the proxy settings on Epic privacy browser to successfully log onto and use Facebook?

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• Add entire 300 GB filesystem to Git Annex repository?

  - by Ryan Lester

  By default, I get an error that I have too many open files from the process. If I lift the limit manually, I get an error that I'm out of memory. For whatever reason, it seems that Git Annex in its current state is not optimised for this sort of task (adding thousands of files to a repository at once). As a possible solution, my next thought was to do something like: cd / find . -type d | git annex add --$NONRECURSIVELY find . -type f | git annex add # Need to add parent directories of each file first or adding files fails The problem with this solution is that there doesn't seem from the documentation to be a way to non-recursively add a directory in Git Annex. Is there something I'm missing or a workaround for this? If my proposed solution is a dead end, are there other ways that people have solved this problem?

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• PsExec - what if the .exe you run remotely requires user interaction?

  - by Luca Matteis

  I use PsExec to deploy small .exe files to my workstations. Sometimes the .exe, for some reason, is incompatible with the system and opens a popup window with an error or some other message. Is there any way to know when the executable is 'stuck' there requiring user interaction? On my side I just have psexec running and waiting for the .exe to return (which will never return because the popup is stuck there). Since I run PsExec programmatically and I automate all the executions, when this Popup thing happens I find myself with hundreds of psexec processes stuck there and have no result back from them.. What's the best way to handle this sort of issue? Thanks.

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• Chrome Crash Investigation

  - by iamcreasy

  Chrome is crashing very very frequently(every 2-3 min). It becomes irresponsive. How can I start investigate why this is crashing so much? It feels to me that certain components of some web pages are triggering the crash. I also checked "C:\Users\irfan\AppData\Local\Google\CrashReports", but this folder is empty. Some sort of process tacking tool, and keep an eye out for which request is being made just before the crash, or something like that. Any software suggestion? Im using Windows 7. Please don't suggest, reinstall chrome. I want to know why this is happening.

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• How Do You Stress-Test Your Hard Drives?

  - by MetaHyperBolic

  When looking for large new drives (= 1 TB) on newegg and the like, I note a number of reviews talking about drives being either D.O.A. or hitting the Click of Death (or even releasing the Magic Smoke) within a week or so of use. A portion of the reviews mention this phenomenon whether the drive in question is Western Digital or Hitachi or whatever. For those of you using Windows, what do you to: 1) Place a large initial stress on the drive to see if it can take it? For how long? 2) Test the drive afterwards (presumably with some sort of S.M.A.R.T. tool or others) to see if any negative changes have been noted? Note: This is one component of a larger plan for both high-availability and backups for my home data.

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• Exchange-Server Query

  - by Rudi Kershaw

  First, a little background. I've recently been taken on as a web and software developer for a small company, who has no other in-house IT support. They've been asking my opinion on lots of IT subjects that are quite far out of my comfort zone. I'm definitely not a network admin. Their IT consultancy contractor is pushing them to upgrade their dedicated exchange server, even though it seems like the one they currently have has a lot of life left in it and is running problem free. They say it's "coming to the natural end of it's life". They want to install a monster with a Xeon E5-2420, 32GB RAM, 2x 1TB HDDs, Windows Server 2012 and Microsoft Exchange 2010. They want to charge a small fortune for it. Basically, this system seems massively over the top seeing as it won't be doing anything else other than running as an exchange server for a company with less than 25 email accounts. My employers also have a file server system in-house that hosts three web apps, an SQL server, their local domain, print server and shared folders. That machine is using the same specs as the proposed new one, and it is barely using any of it's potential. I asked if Microsoft Exchange 2010 could be installed on their file server, but they said that MS Exchange can't run on the same system as an SQL server because for some reason they will eat up each others resources (even though the SQL server isn't touching 1% of the current system's CPU or RAM). My question is really, are they trying to rip my employers off? Could MS Exchange be installed on their other server (on a virtual instance or not), or does the old one even need replacing at all? Going with their current suggestion will cost the company in excess of £6k, and it seems entirely unnecessary. I apologies, because I know this is probably a little thin on details, but if I carry on I could end up writing a massive essay that no-one will want to read. I've been doing my research, but I'm not knowledgeable enough make any hard decisions. Let me know if you need any more details. Thank you for any help you can offer. Further Details: The new exchange would need to support Outlook Web App, 25 users, a few public mailboxes, and email exchange with Blackberries.

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• V4L2 and ALSA: Kernel SPI or User API?

  - by pnongrata

  I'm trying to understand what Video for linux and ALSA are (exactly), and I can't discern whether they're APIs for Linux application to use (the userspace) or if they are backend services that are only available to the Linux kernel (sort of a kernalspace SPI). Or, if they are something entirely different. On one hand, those articles make it sound like its an API for applications to use. However, on the V4L2 page it has a section title Software supporting Video4Linux... So is V4L2 a library that applications use, or is it a module that "snaps into" the kernel? I'm so coonfused, thanks in advance.

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• Intuitive view of what's using the hard drive so much on Windows 7?

  - by Aren Cambre

  Sometimes my hard drive usage is near 100%, and I have no idea what is causing it. Are there any utilities that can help diagnose excessive hard drive usage and have as intuitive of an interface as Task Manager's Processes tab, which I can sort by CPU usage? I am aware of using procmon, of adding columns to Task Manager's Processes tab like I/O Read Bytes and I/O Write Bytes, and using Resource Monitor's Disk tab. Too often, these don't give me useful information or clearly identify a single process that is hogging the disk.

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• How can I get Visual Studio 2008 to align my assignment operators?

  - by Alison R.

  I had this in Vim and miss it dearly now that I'm confined to Visual Studio. I'd like to take this: MyType type_obj = new MyType(); MyLongerType longer_type_obj = new LongerType() To this: MyType type_obj = new MyType(); LongerType longer_type_obj = new LongerType() I have found some macros for this on the web, but they seem to be for an older version of Visual Studio (< 2008). Here is one from 2000. Edit: Further digging in Google turned up this one: http://www.omegacoder.com/?p=8 It seems to work to align equals signs, but I haven't yet figured out if it can align the local variable names, too. Still no clue as to whether I could just get it to perform this sort of behavior with a Ctrl E+D, although that might not be practical considering how it works. (It aligns going down from the line which currently has focus.)

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• YUM and RPM crash due to the liblua-5.1 library being missing

  - by A troubled linux newbie.

  I've been playing around with a LiveUsb install of basic Fedora with persistence. I attempted to install moonscript, which requires Lua and LuaRocks. After installing Lua and discovering there were flaws in the install which prevented LuaRocks from working, I used rpm to force Lua off so I could use yum to re-install it. The result was an error of this sort being yielded by both rpm and yum: There was a problem importing one of the Python modules required to run yum. The error leading to this problem was: liblua-5.1.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory I've concluded from this that my Lua version installed a library which both yum and rpm are now connected to. Is there anyway to fix this without reformatting my drive and installing everything from scratch?

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• Recommend AntiVirus for Plesk 8.6.0 + CentOS 5

  - by cappuccino

  I am using a virtual server on Media Temple running CentOS 5 and Pleak 8.6.0, I have done all their security recommendations and more some, blocking everything except http and mail, string passwords and running Rootkit Hunter daily. But i'm thinking I should run a antivirus of some sort? I'm still new to Linux CentOS security so please forgive :)... Can you recommend a good antivirus/antispyware software for CentOS 5 and Plesk 8.6.0? I've been searching for some plesk modules and have come across a few like Kaspersky, not sure which one to use... Any tips on security would be good too.

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• mount qcow2 snapshots

  - by phhe

  I'm running some Xen-servers and started migrating to KVM. Currently my guests are either running on raw-images or LVMs. I found libvirt providing some very nice snapshot features (virsh snapshot-create, ...) so I decided to use qcow2 instead of raw/lvm. And here is my question: libvirt creates the same sort of snapshots on the qcow2 image as if I use qemu-img - is it possible to mount them ? I read something about qemu-nbd and the possibility of mounting qcow but I could not find a word about snapshots.

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• Create network shares via command line with specific permissions

  - by Derek

  This is sort of a two-pronged question. I am developing an application that will need to be able to create network shares in Windows Server 2003 via the command line. So, firstly, how do I create shares in Windows via the command line? I tried researching it, and all I was able to find is that I should be using net, but other than that, there isn't much documentation. Also, in this share there will be a few directories with the names of users on the domain, and I would like for the directories to not be readable or writable by anyone else. For example, say I have two directories: jsmith and jdoe. I would like the user jsmith to write and read from the directory jsmith, but not the directory called jdoe, and vice versa.

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• Inserting static current time in Excel

  - by Mike Cole

  I have a time log spreadsheet. I have a new sheet for each day. In each sheet, I have a transactional record of how my time was spent. When I start or end a task, I usually type in the time ("11:00 AM" for example). Is there a shortcut to inserting the current time into a field? I'm sure it can be done with a macro, but I'm not very knowledgeable about macros. I'd like to simply highlight a field and hit some sort of shortcut key to insert a static value of the current time. Thanks for any help!

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• Common filesystem for servers behind a rackspace load balancer

  - by thanos panousis

  Our PHP application consists of a single web server that will receive files from clients and perform a CPU-intensive analysis on them. Right now, analysis of a single user upload can take 3sec to conclude and take 100% CPU. This makes our system capacity amount to 1/3 requests per second. My team's requirement is to increase capacity without a lot of code reengineering. A possible solution would be to set up a load balancer in front of multiple servers running the same app, connecting to a common DB. The problem is that the analysis outputs files on disk. A load balancer would increase capacity, but then files won't be available between servers so consequent client requests may fail. We are hosted on Rackspace, is there a way to configure some sort of "common" storage for all servers, without having to rewrite our file persistance code? Current code relies on simple fopens etc. What are our options?

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• Network monitoring library, or objects, for a cloud

  - by Andrew Smith

  I am looking for library to support server / switch monitoring, to actually be able to check with the device if it's working OK. However this requires some sort of auto-detection and device support. Basically I need to automatically detect a new device, start monitoring it like CPU and PING. So how do I auto-detect the machine remotely, this is something I need library for. Rackspace has something like this - "Cloud Monitoring API". But is there anything opensource which can be used same way? The Nagios and others doesnt have such API, and the big and expensive systems are too big to handle in public cloud, so there must be some other network monitoring engine with API, which can add a new servers automatically and support user isolation for example so I dont see other servers except mine.

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