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• Articles of x386 and later CPU based systems

  - by user32569

  Hi there. I know this is hard question, and possibly not to be answered here, but if there is some article, or more you know about, please post a link. About books, its sad but many great computer books cannot be bought in my country. So, you can find many articles online, which says how memory was mapped back in pre x386 CPU. How there was explicit holes ready for MMIO BIOS, Video BIOS, etc. How there was A20 line for allowing higher memory access etc. Problem is, time changed. Today BIOSes are many times larger, and pure x86 16bit mode is used for booting and ROM flashing only. OS ignore BIOS as they access everything using drivers. And I just want to know, how it works today. I know not so specific question, but I read OS dev wiki, many articles, but all refering to days before massive usage of pure 32bit CPUs.

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• Mount encrypted hfs in ubuntu

  - by pagid

  I try to mount an encrypted hfs+ partition in ubuntu. An older post described quite good how to do it, but lacks the information how to use encrypted partitions. What I found so far is: # install required packages sudo apt-get install hfsprogs hfsutils hfsplus loop-aes-utils # try to mount it mount -t hfsplus -o encryption=aes-256 /dev/xyz /mount/xyz But once I run this I get the following error: Error: Password must be at least 20 characters. So I tried to type it in twice, but that results in this: ioctl: LOOP_SET_STATUS: Invalid argument, requested cipher or key (256 bits) not supported by kernel Any suggestions? Thx Edit: One thing I'm not sure about is whether I use the right password. My assumption is that it is my default one for these situations. But I'm not sure whether Max OSX choose another password (internally) for that.

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• How can I enable readline for PHP 5.4 on Ubuntu 11.10?

  - by dotweb

  I installed PHP 5.4 on my Ubuntu 11.10 PC like this: $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php5 $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install php5 It's working fine but I don't have the readline function anymore that I need for my PHP CLI scripts. libreadline-dev is installed and readline was working perfectly in 5.3. I also tried to compile 5.4 with readline: $ wget http://de2.php.net/get/php-5.4.0.tar.gz/from/de.php.net/mirror $ tar xzvf mirror $ cd php-5.4.0/ $ ./configure --with-readline $ make test But the last command echoed this error after compiling for some minutes: FAILED TEST SUMMARY Test 7: DTD tests [ext/dom/tests/dom007.phpt] You may have found a problem in PHP. I appreciate any help on how to get readline working!

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• Disk full, how to move mysql database files?

  - by kopeklan

  my database files located in /var/lib/mysql which located in partition /dev/sda5 this partition is full (refer here for details) so I'm going to move the location of database files from /var/lib/mysql to /home/lib/mysql What is the right way to move this database files? Im going to do this steps: Stop http server and PHP Change datadir=/var/lib/mysql to become datadir=/home/lib/mysql in /etc/my.cnf move all database files to the new location run killall -9 mysql, then /etc/init.d/mysqld start Start http server and PHP Is this right? Correct me if I'm wrong added: currently, mysql won't stop. refer here: mysql wont stop, mysqld_safe appeared in top

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• Automatically cycle numerous or large files to the trash

  - by minameismud

  I've been tasked with fixing a vendor's program that, under certain conditions, dumps gigs of junk files into a log directory. It ends up filling users' machines. My task is to figure out how to make it stop without any source code or additional running processes, and without making the program kasplode. In other words, I'm looking to use a feature of the file system to control the growth. One idea I had was to make a hard link from that folder to NUL, as you might with /dev/null in the linux world. However, my attempts to use the mklink program to create a junction result in a message that says Local volumes are required to complete the operation. Any ideas on how to complete the junction, or other ideas to solve the problem?

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• How to record desktop session with sound on Moblin?

  - by Moblin Newbie

  I have tried to record my desktop session with sound on a netbook running Moblin, but I can't seem to be able to record sound. xvidcap just says error accessing /dev/dsp. Are there some options I should pass to xvidcap? Should I use some other recording application? Update: I am using the latest xvidcap (1.1.7) and have read the FAQ. Unfortunately Moblin' gnome-volume-control looks nothing like what is linked to from the xvidcap FAQ; there is no way to to set or even look at the details the screenshot shows, as far as I know. alsamixer shows pulseaudio is used, if that gives anyone any clues. The device is Acer Aspire One.

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• cannot at all find sql instance (while installing an asp.net app on IIS)

  - by giddy

  So I'm really not a DBA, I'm an app dev. I had to install my asp.net mvc3 app on my client's(a large company) IIS6 + Win2k3 machine, with absolutely no help from their sysadmins. The final problem now is SQL Server 2008 r2, after figuring out how to create a login from windows, my app and sqlcmd.exe always complains it cannot find a sql server instance!! I have all the sql services (in services.msc) running to Log On as the local system. I can login fine with SQL Server Management Studio with Windows Auth. I created my database, my asp.net app needs/uses windows auth. But for the love of God, whatever I do my app always complains it cannot find the instance. (Also tried running SQL CMD and it complains of the same thing too!) My data base connection string looks like this: Data Source=machinename\username;Initial Catalog=myDataStore;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True Machinename\user is the same thing that shows up on the sql server management studio login if I choose windows authentication right?

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• OpenVPN Configuration - Windows 7 client & debian server

  - by Guillaume

  I recently formatted my Windows 7 computer and lost my client's config files for OpenVPN. I recovered the certificates and default config that were left on the server but I haven't managed to make the whole thing work again. I assume the server's config and routing table are OK because it was working before (although quite some time ago). Would any of you experts be able to help? server.conf # Serveur TCP/666 mode server proto udp port 666 dev tun # Cles et certificats ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key dh dh1024.pem tls-auth ta.key 0 cipher AES-256-CBC # Reseau server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 #push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" push "redirect-gateway def1" keepalive 10 120 # Securite user nobody group nogroup chroot /etc/openvpn/jail persist-key persist-tun comp-lzo # Log verb 3 mute 20 status openvpn-status.log log-append /var/log/openvpn.log client.conf # Client client dev tun proto udp remote *my server's ip address*:666 cipher AES-256-CBC # Cles ca ca.crt cert client1.crt key client1.key tls-auth ta.key 1 # Securite nobind persist-key persist-tun comp-lzo verb 3 Routing table on debian server when OpenVPN server is running: Destination Gateway Genmask Indic Metric Ref Use Iface 10.8.0.2 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.0 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 my server's ip * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 72815.trg.dedic 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Routing table on Windows 7 client (OpenVPN not working) =========================================================================== Interface List 19...00 f0 8a 1b 6e 5c ......TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 12...90 2e 34 33 84 7b ......Atheros AR8151 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller ( NDIS 6.20) 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: [...] =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None And when the link is established between my client and the server: The server's routing table stays the same. The client's becomes: =========================================================================== Interface List 19...00 f0 8a 1b 6e 5c ......TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 12...90 2e 34 33 84 7b ......Atheros AR8151 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller ( NDIS 6.20) 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 13...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 20 0.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 30 10.8.0.1 255.255.255.255 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 30 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.252 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 10.8.0.6 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 10.8.0.7 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 my server's ip 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.11 20 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 10.8.0.5 10.8.0.6 30 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.11 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.11 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.8.0.6 286 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None What's working: Server and client do connect to each other, SSL certificates are OK. The client gets an IP (10.8.0.6) from the server OpenVPN client is started as an administrator. But: I cannot ping the other one on either side. 'Gateway' value is empty on client's side (in the adapter's "status" window). Client has got no internet access when the link is up. Ideal configuration: I only want the client to be able to use the server's Internet access and access its resources (MySQL server in particular). I do not need or want the server to access the client's local network. The client needs to be able to access it's local network, although all Internet traffic should be redirected to the VPN link. I spent a considerable amount of time on this but it's still not working, any help would be much appreciated. Thanks :)

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• Linux wall command won't broadcast strings

  - by mjb

  I read here that this should work, but it doesn't: //usage: wall [file] root@sys:~> mesg is y root@sys:~> wall "who's out there" wall: can't read who's out there. If mesg is set to y, what's preventing me from broadcasting a string? Note, I did confirm that the file option works: root@sys:~> wall test Broadcast Message from root@sys (/dev/pts/1) at 15:23 ... Who's out there? Teach me knowledge please. mjb

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• mongod fork vs nohup

  - by Daniel Kitachewsky

  I'm currently writing process management software. One package we use is mongo. Is there any difference between launching mongo with mongod --fork --logpath=/my/path/mongo.log and nohup mongod >> /my/path/mongo.log 2>&1 < /dev/null & ? My first thought was that --fork could spawn more processes and/or threads, and I was suggested that --fork could be useful for changing the effective user (downgrading privileges). But we run all under the same user (process manager and mongod), so is there any other difference? Thank you

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• Macbook Pro 2.2ghz 2011 (OSX 10.6.7) problem with NTFS 3G

  - by James

  I installed NTFS 3G but now get the following error message when I try to plug in my external drive. I also get it on startup about my Windows partition. Uninstall/ reinstall does not work. NTFS-3G could not mount /dev/disk1s1at /volumes/freeagent GoFlex Drive because the following error occured: /library/filesystems/fuse.fs/support/fusefs.kext failed to load- (libkern/kext) link error; check the system/ kernel logs for errors or try kextutil(8). The MacFUSE file system is not available (71) Any help would be great. I'd hope to avoid reinstalling OS X if possible!

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• How to extract .raw backup of Windows to a partition?

  - by JamerTheProgrammer

  I have a backup of a Windows 7 drive (virtualbox install) made in .raw format and I want to extract it to my empty partition ready for Windows. Im using OSX. Any ideas? I have tried this: sudo dd if=/Volumes/DATA/bootcamp.raw of=/dev/disk0s6 Which works fine but when I reboot (im on a hackintosh so im using the Chameleon boot loader) I get the normal Chameleon boot menu but with an unknown GPT partition (thats what its called) and If I select that it says: Missing Operating system. Is the MBR broken on that partition?

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• How to allow an internal server accept remote connections not through RD Gateway

  - by Matt Ahrens

  So, I help administrate a collection of servers running various windows server environments. We have a RD Gateway server, properly configured, to gatekeep for us. It does not have the other servers listed in it's server farm category, though. I just added a refurbished server for a non-profit development environment that is sharing the rack space and port. I would like this server to be accessible via remote connection, but not require RD gateway certification (I cannot add the users for this development server to our gateway since they do not work for the organization hosting the rack.) Is there any way for me to add this dev. server as an exception to which servers should require RD Gateway clearance, or otherwise let users bypass RD gateway credentials for this one machine? Thanks, and let me know if I am misinformed on how RD gateway works or anything. I am still learning.

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• iMac boot from linux partition on external drive

  - by user74757

  I have the following "setup:" iMac (no internal drive/dead) --------- (Firewire) ------- [[MAC OS X]] | | | | (USB) | | | | [[MISC STORAGE PARTITION] [MISC STORAGE PARTITION] [EXT2 UBUNTU PARTITION]] I routinely use the firewire drive to boot MAC OS X. However, I would like to boot from the linux partition of the USB drive. This linux partition had linux installed on it from a live cd, and during that process, I told the installer to install GRUB on the usb drive (which happened to be /dev/sdd). My question is, how do I get this disk to show up during the iMac option-boot? Currently, only the firewire MAC OS X option shows up. I have read about rEFIT, but that appears to install it to the Mac OS X disk (would that still work?)... Also mentioned was installing rEFIT to the internal EFI system partition, but I don't know if that is wise.

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• LUKS-Encrypted Root Partition in Ubuntu 9.04

  - by Martindale

  I have a LUKS-encrypted root partition that I have installed Ubuntu 9.04 to. I have of course placed /boot on a separate ext2 partition, and my boot loader loads and functions correctly. However, I can't seem to get my initrd to load the LUKS-encrypted root using the appropriate /dev/mapper/ address. What hooks and scripts do I need to add to get this to function correctly, and what is the correct way to regenerate my initrd? I can CHROOT into this install, and everything works fine - but I just can't seem to get it to actually boot. Help!

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• Setup Apache Password Protection

  - by Jiew Meng

  I have some difficulties setting up password protection in Apache In .htaccess, I have AuthUserFile /var/www/vhosts/domain.net/httpdocs/.htpasswd AuthGroupFile /dev/null AuthName "Test Server" AuthType Basic require user testuser Then in .htpasswd, I have something like testuser:encrypted password The problem now is I forgot what .htpasswd generator I used. When I try to add a new user and password, it doesn't work. eg. when I put require user newuser it fails always (prompt keeps reappearing). Then when I revert to testuser it works How can I setup such that I have 1 or some "admins" that can access everything and viewers that can view only specific folders ... eg / - only admins /folder1 - only admins or folder1's users /folder2 - only admins or folder2's users Also what do I do to not allow showing of directory listing

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• How to resize the disk of a Fedora guest VM in VMWare ESXi

  - by Cerin

  How do I resize (specifically increase) the disk size of a Fedora guest VM running under VMWare ESXi 4.1? I have a Fedora 16 VM with an ext4 formatted disk, and I've increased its disk size using the vSphere client from 50GB to about 250GB. I rebooted the guest, and it correctly shows this size using fdisk -l /dev/sda. However, df -H still shows the old size. I've found a few KB articles explaining how to resize partitions for some flavors of Linux, but nothing for Fedora with ext4. That article seems to imply I have to create a completely new partition, and that I can't simply expand the existing partition. Using Gparted, it also prevents me from simply resizing the existing partition. Is this impossible to do under Linux?

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• Route eth0 to internet traffic and eth1 to local traffic

  - by Romain Caire

  How can I route all my internet traffic on eth0 (everything except 192.168.1.0/24) and route my local traffic through eth1 (192.168.1.0)? Here is my attempt : # Flush ALL THE THINGS. ip route flush table main # Restore the main table. I flushed it because OpenVPN does weird things to it. ip route add 127.0.0.0/8 via 127.0.0.1 dev lo ip route add 0.0.0.0/0 via 164.67.195.1 ip route add 192.168.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.1 ip route flush cache

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• Unusable Source for Ubuntu image on Xen 3

  - by Roberto Aloi

  Hi all, I'm trying to create a new VM in Xen 3, running Ubuntu 10.4 (32 bit) as the guest OS. Xen 3 is installed on a machine running OpenSuse 11.2. I downloaded the Ubuntu image from the ubuntu.com website and I mounted it on /dev/loop0. When I try to create the new VM in Xen with the given source, Xen complains the "source is unusable". I've also checked the md5 sum for the image. It's fine. Any suggestion or hint that could help me?

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• cruisecontrol.net failing build with no errors

  - by John Hoge

  Hi, I've been using CCNet for some time now but just upgraded to .net 4. I've installed the new framework on my dev box along with vs2010 and on my CC.net server as well. I've just installed CruiseControl.net version 1.5.6804.1, and changed my MSBuild tasks to point to the new v4.0.30319 framework directory. I've got two projects on .net 4 now that just don't build. They build perfectly well in VS and run well on both Cassini and IIS. I just don't get any error messages from cc.net, just this: BUILD FAILED Project: GoodBay Date of build: 2010-05-11 10:21:59 Running time: 00:00:02 Integration Request: Build (ForceBuild) triggered from SVN Modifications since last build (0)

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• How do I easily elevate when running a .jar file?

  - by Merlyn Morgan-Graham

  When trying to run an installer Jar file, I am getting an error saying that write access is denied to create a directory under the Program Files folder. Right click - Run as Administrator is not available on Jar files (I assume because it is Java.exe that consumes them - they are not themselves treated as directly executable by the shell). What is the quickest and simplest way to run a .Jar file with elevation? I am evaluating this tool to recommend for our dev team, and they will manually install it on their boxes. I'd prefer an option that doesn't require them to type anything.

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• Xen P2V for large physical hosts with much free space

  - by Sirex

  I need to P2V a rhel5 machine to xen under rhel5. I know I can use dd if=/dev/sda then using virt-install --import on the host, but the downside of this is the original machine has 80% free space on its drive. Does anyone know of (or can document) a quick and easy method which works reliably, to produce a bootable xen image which can run under a hvm in such cases ? I tried clonezilla to make the image, to avoid the free space problem, but it failed to do the clone with "something went wrong" (useless info, i know). At the moment im looking at doing a dd of each partition, and a file level copy of the partition which is mostly empty, then creating a new virtual disk, copying the partitions over to it by mounting both the new image and the virtual drive on a second vm, then copying the boot sectors over, then copying the file level backup..... there must be an easier way ? Oh, and budget is $0. :)

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• Why do I have no TTY on a basic Ubuntu 9.10 server install?

  - by pr1001

  I have reinstalled Ubuntu 9.10 Server several times on a bog standard 1RU server and each time I finish the install and reboot I see GRUB run and am then presented with a black screen. The machine is running just fine, as I am able to SSH in, but I can't see anything on the attached monitor. I have a simple LCD screen connected via VGA and a signal is apparently being output to it, as it doesn't go asleep. Looking at /var/log/syslog I see: Mar 24 14:57:44 bridge5 rsyslogd-2039: Could no open output file '/dev/xconsole' [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ] However, I later see: Mar 24 14:57:44 bridge5 kernel: [ 0.001368] console [tty0] enabled Any thoughts? Thanks!

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• Why is hg fetch a deprecated extension? [closed]

  - by Jan

  Mercurial's fetch extenson conveniently pulls and merges from a remote repository. Recently, this feature has been deprecated by the developers. They recommend avoiding it and it is on the unloved features list. It is useful in many cases to be able to pull and initiate a merge with one command (which hg pull -u doesn't do). I assume there is a reason behind the deprecation but I haven't been able to find one in the documentation or online. What is the reason behind deprecating it? I'm not looking for opinions, but rather the factual reason behind its deprecation (which might be that the dev team's opinion is that it should not be used).

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• Best practice for ONLY allowing MySQL access to a server?

  - by Calvin Froedge

  Here's the use case: I have a SaaS system that was built (dev environment) on a single box. I've moved everything to a cloud environment running Ubuntu 10.10. One server runs the application, the other runs the database. The basic idea is that the server that runs the database should only be accessible by the application and the administrator's machine, who both have correct RSA keys. My question: Would it be better practice to use a firewall to block access to ALL ports except MySQL, or skip firewall / iptables and just disable all other services / ports completely? Furthermore, should I run MySQL on a non-standard port? This database will hold quite sensitive information and I want to make sure I'm doing everything possible to properly safeguard it. Thanks in advance. I've been reading here for a while but this is the first question that I've asked. I'll try to answer some as well = )

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