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• How do I change the effective user of psql?

  - by gvkv

  I'm using psql to run a simple set of COPY statements contained in a file: psql -d mydb -f 'wbf_queries.data.sql' where wbf_queries.data.sql contains lines: copy <my_query> to '/home/gvkv/mydata' delimiter ',' null ''; ... but I get a permission denied error: ... ERROR: could not open file ... for writing: Permission denied I'm connecting under my user account (gvkv) which is also a superuser in PostgreSQL. Obviously, psql is running under a different (effective) user but I don't know how to change this. Can it be done within psql or do I need some unix-fu?

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• Anyone using ASP.NET MembershipProvider with Nhibernate?

  - by JLago

  Hi, I'm trying to implement Membership controls in a mvc 2 application and i'm having trouble dealing with the MembershipUser class. I have my own data store (in Postgresql) and I'm using Nhibernate to deal with it from C#. The thing is, I have my own user class, but I can't use it with any provider I found that implements Membership, because all the functions return the predefined MembershipUser class and cannot return my own. I'm losing my mind here, is there any way i can work with this, or should I implement everything myself? thanks in advance!

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• Question about joins and table with Millions of rows

  - by xRobot

  I have to create 2 tables: Magazine ( 10 millions of rows with these columns: id, title, genres, printing, price ) Author ( 180 millions of rows with these columns: id, name, magazine_id ) . Every author can write on ONLY ONE magazine and every magazine has more authors. So if I want to know all authors of Motors Magazine, I have to use this query: SELECT * FROM Author, Magazine WHERE ( Author.id = Magazine.id ) AND ( genres = 'Motors' ) The same applies to Printing and Price column. To avoid these joins with tables of millions of rows, I thought to use this tables: Magazine ( 10 millions of rows with this column: id, title, genres, printing, price ) Author ( 180 millions of rows with this column: id, name, magazine_id, genres, printing, price ) . and this query: SELECT * FROM Author WHERE genres = 'Motors' Is it a good approach ? I can use Postgresql or Mysql.

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• Conditionally set a column to its default value in Postgres

  - by Evgeny

  I've got a PostgreSQL 8.4 table with an auto-incrementing, but nullable, integer column. I want to update some column values and, if this column is NULL then set it to its default value (which would be an integer auto-generated from a sequence), but I want to return its value in either case. So I want something like this: UPDATE mytable SET incident_id = COALESCE(incident_id, DEFAULT), other = 'somethingelse' WHERE ... RETURNING incident_id Unfortunately, this doesn't work - it seems that DEFAULT is special and cannot be part of an expression. What's the best way to do this?

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• Cannot save model due to bad transaction? Django

  - by Kenneth Love

  Trying to save a model in Django admin and I keep getting the error: Transaction managed block ended with pending COMMIT/ROLLBACK I tried restarting both the Django (1.2) and PostgreSQL (8.4) processes but nothing changed. I added "autocommit": True to my database settings but that didn't change anything either. Everything that Google has turned up has either not been answered or the answer involved not having records in the users table, which I definitely have. The model does not have a custom save method and there are no pre/post save signals tied to it. Any ideas or anything else I can provide to make answering this easier?

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• foreign key constraints on primary key columns - issues ?

  - by zzzeek

  What are the pros/cons from a performance/indexing/data management perspective of creating a one-to-one relationship between tables using the primary key on the child as foreign key, versus a pure surrogate primary key on the child? The first approach seems to reduce redundancy and nicely constrains the one-to-one implicitly, while the second approach seems to be favored by DBAs, even though it creates a second index: create table parent ( id integer primary key, data varchar(50) ) create table child ( id integer primary key references parent(id), data varchar(50) ) pure surrogate key: create table parent ( id integer primary key, data varchar(50) ) create table child ( id integer primary key, parent_id integer unique references parent(id), data varchar(50) ) the platforms of interest here are Postgresql, Microsoft SQL Server.

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• bytea type & nulls, Postgres

  - by Thanatos

  I'm using a bytea type in PostgreSQL, which, to my understanding, contains just a series of bytes. However, I can't get it to play well with nulls. For example: =# select length(E'aa\x00aa'::bytea); length -------- 2 (1 row) I was expecting 5. Also: =# select md5(E'aa\x00aa'::bytea); md5 ---------------------------------- 4124bc0a9335c27f086f24ba207a4912 (1 row) That's the MD5 of "aa", not "aa\x00aa". Clearly, I'm Doing It Wrong, but I don't know what I'm doing wrong. I'm also on an older version of Postgres (8.1.11) for reasons outside of my control. (I'll see if this behaves the same on the latest Postgres as soon as I get home...)

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• SQL update fields of one table from fields of another one.

  - by Nir

  I'm having two tables: A [ID, column1, column2, column3] B [ID, column1, column2, column3, column4] A table will always be subset of B table (meaning all columns of A are also in B). I want to update a record with a specific ID in B with their data from A for all columns of A. This ID exists both in A and B. Is there an UPDATE syntax or any other way to do that without specifying the column names, just saying "set all columns of A"? I'm using postgresql, so a specific non-standard command is also accepted (however, not preferred). Thanks.

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• Exploring search options for PHP

  - by Joshua

  I have innoDB table using numerous foreign keys, but we just want to look up some basic info out of it. I've done some research but still lost. 1) How can I tell if my host has Sphinx installed already? I don't see it as an option for table storage method (i.e. innodb, myisam). 2) Zend_Search_Lucene, responsive enough for AJAX functionality of millions of records? 3) Mirror my innoDB with a myisam? Make every innodb transaction end with a write to the myisam, then use 1:1 lookups? How would I do this automagically? This should make MyISAM ACID-compliant and free(er) from corruption no? 4) PostgreSQL fulltext queries don't even look like SQL to me wtf, I don't have time to learn a new SQL syntax I need noob options 5) ???????????????????? This is high volume site on a decently-equipped VPS Thanks very much for any ideas.

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• Get the highest odds from the last update

  - by Frankie Yale

  I have these tables in a PostgreSQL database: bookmakers ----------------------- | id | name | ----------------------- | 1 | Unibet | ----------------------- | 2 | 888 | ----------------------- odds --------------------------------------------------------------------- | id | odds_type | odds_index | bookmaker_id | created_at | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | 1 | 1 | 1.55 | 1 | 2012-06-02 10:30 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | 2 | 2 | 3.22 | 2 | 2012-06-02 10:30 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | 3 | X | 3.00 | 1 | 2012-06-02 10:30 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | 4 | 2 | 1.25 | 1 | 2012-05-27 09:30 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | 5 | 1 | 2.30 | 2 | 2012-05-27 09:30 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | 6 | X | 2.00 | 2 | 2012-05-27 09:30 | --------------------------------------------------------------------- What I am trying to query is the following: Give me the 1/X/2 odds from the latest update (created_at) from ALL bookmakers and from that last update, give me the highest odds for each odds_type ('1', '2', 'X'). On my website I display them as: Best odds right now: 1 | X | 2 -------------------- 2.30 | 3.00 | 3.22 I have to first get the latest, because the odds from the update from yesterday are no longer valid. Then from that last update, I have - in this case - 2 odds from 2 different bookmakers, so I need to get the best one for type '1','2','X'. Pseudo SQL would be something like: SELECT MAX(odds_index) WHERE odds_type = '1' ORDER BY created_at DESC, odds_index DESC But that doesn't work, because I would always get the latest odds (and not the highest/best from those latest) I hope I'm making sense.

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• Display another field in the referenced table for multiple columns with performance issues in mind

  - by israkir

  I have a table of edge like this: ------------------------------- | id | arg1 | relation | arg2 | ------------------------------- | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ------------------------------- | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | ------------------------------- where arg1, relation and arg2 reference to the ids of objects in another object table: -------------------- | id | object_name | -------------------- | 1 | book | -------------------- | 2 | pen | -------------------- | 3 | on | -------------------- | 4 | table | -------------------- | 5 | bag | -------------------- | 6 | in | -------------------- What I want to do is that, considering performance issues (a very big table more than 50 million of entries) display the object_name for each edge entry rather than id such as: --------------------------- | arg1 | relation | arg2 | --------------------------- | book | on | table | --------------------------- | pen | in | bag | --------------------------- What is the best select query to do this? Also, I am open to suggestions for optimizing the query - adding more index on the tables etc... EDIT: Based on the comments below: 1) @Craig Ringer: PostgreSQL version: 8.4.13 and only index is id for both tables. 2) @andrefsp: edge is almost x2 times bigger than object.

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• Dirty Reads in Postgres

  - by User1

  I have a long running function that should be inserting new rows. How do I check the progress of this function? I was thinking dirty reads would work so I read http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/interactive/sql-set-transaction.html and came up with the following code and ran it in a new session: SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS SERIALIZABLE; SELECT * FROM MyTable; Postgres gives me a syntax error. What am I doing wrong? If I do it right, will I see the inserted records while that long function is still running? Thanks

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• Trying to modify a constraint in PostgresSQL

  - by MISMajorDeveloperAnyways

  Postgres is getting quite annoying lately. I have checked the documentation provided by Oracle and found a way to do this without dropping the table. Problem is, it errors out at modify as it does not recognize the keyword. Using EMS SQL Manager for PostgreSQL. Alter table public.public_insurer_credit MODIFY CONSTRAINT public_insurer_credit_fk1 deferrable, initially deferred; I was able to work around it by dropping the constraint using : ALTER TABLE "public"."public_insurer_credit" DROP CONSTRAINT "public_insurer_credit_fk1" RESTRICT; ALTER TABLE "public"."public_insurer_credit" ADD CONSTRAINT "public_insurer_credit_fk1" FOREIGN KEY ("branch_id", "order_id", "public_insurer_id") REFERENCES "public"."order_public_insurer"("branch_id", "order_id", "public_insurer_id") ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE NO ACTION DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED;

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• Is it possible to use Django's testing framework without having CREATE DATABASE rights?

  - by superjoe30

  Since I don't have a hundred bazillion dollars, my Django app lives on a shared host, where all kinds of crazy rules are in effect. Fortunately, they gave me shell access, which has allowed me to kick butts and take names. However I can't do anything about not having CREATE DATABASE rights. I'm using postgresql and have a killer test suite, but am unable to run it due to the code not being able to create a new database. However I am able to create said database beforehand via cPanel and use it with Django. I just don't have CREATE DATABASE rights. Is there a way I can still run my test suite?

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• Architecture for multiple web apps and databases.

  - by Matt

  We used to have only one web app, but now we are breaking it down into multiple ones. Each one will be packaged as separate product (web app) Some have things in common some do not. It was originally coded with php and using Postgresql 8.4 and CodeIgniter as the framework. I am looking for some good suggestions on how I should set up multiple web apps. They all have their own somewhat unique data. Some data in the databases can be common to some apps but not all. All the apps will be on one server and will have some kind of API to manipulate data. I want it to be structured such that one User account can access any product they purchase. (kinda like google accounts) I do not know if its a good idea to have multiple database, or just to have one big one. eventually we will be using S3 for some videos and other images. Your thoughts and suggestions are much appreciated.

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• Psycopg2 doesn't like table names that start with a lower case letter

  - by Count Boxer

  I am running ActiveState's ActivePython 2.6.5.12 and PostgreSQL 9.0 Beta 1 under Windows XP. If I create a table with an upper case first letter (i.e. Books), psycopg2 returns the "Programming Error: relation "books" does not exist" error message when I run the select statement: execute("SELECT * FROM Books"). The same error is returned if I run: execute("SELECT * FROM books"). However, if I change the table to a lower case first name (i.e. books), then either of the above statements works. Are tables name supposed to have a lower case first name? Is this a setting or a feature or a bug? Am I missing something obvious?

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• Finding group maxes in SQL join result

  - by Gene

  Two SQL tables. One contestant has many entries: Contestants Entries Id Name Id Contestant_Id Score -- ---- -- ------------- ----- 1 Fred 1 3 100 2 Mary 2 3 22 3 Irving 3 1 888 4 Grizelda 4 4 123 5 1 19 6 3 50 Low score wins. Need to retrieve current best scores of all contestants ordered by score: Best Entries Report Name Entry_Id Score ---- -------- ----- Fred 5 19 Irving 2 22 Grizelda 4 123 I can certainly get this done with many queries. My question is whether there's a way to get the result with one, efficient SQL query. I can almost see how to do it with GROUP BY, but not quite. In case it's relevant, the environment is Rails ActiveRecord and PostgreSQL.

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• get n records at a time from a temporary table

  - by Claudiu

  I have a temporary table with about 1 million entries. The temporary table stores the result of a larger query. I want to process these records 1000 at a time, for example. What's the best way to set up queries such that I get the first 1000 rows, then the next 1000, etc.? They are not inherently ordered, but the temporary table just has one column with an ID, so I can order it if necessary. I was thinking of creating an extra column with the temporary table to number all the rows, something like: CREATE TEMP TABLE tmptmp AS SELECT ##autonumber somehow##, id FROM .... --complicated query then I can do: SELECT * FROM tmptmp WHERE autonumber>=0 AND autonumber < 1000 etc... how would I actually accomplish this? Or is there a better way? I'm using Python and PostgreSQL.

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• create temporary table from cursor

  - by Claudiu

  Is there any way, in PostgreSQL accessed from Python using SQLObject, to create a temporary table from the results of a cursor? Previously, I had a query, and I created the temporary table directly from the query. I then had many other queries interacting w/ that temporary table. Now I have much more data, so I want to only process 1000 rows at a time or so. However, I can't do CREATE TEMP TABLE ... AS ... from a cursor, not as far as I can see. Is the only thing to do something like: rows = cur.fetchmany(1000); cur2 = conn.cursor() cur2.execute("""CREATE TEMP TABLE foobar (id INTEGER)""") for row in rows: cur2.execute("""INSERT INTO foobar (%d)""" % row) or is there a better way? This seems awfully inefficient.

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• select row from table and substitute a field with one from another column if not null

  - by EarthMind

  I'm trying construct a PostgreSQL query that does the following but so far my efforts have been in vain. Problem: There are two tables: A and B. I'd like to select all columns from table A (having columns: id, name, description) and substitute the "A.name" column with the value of the column "B.title" from table B (having columns: id, table_A_id title, langcode) where B.table_A_id is 5 and B.langcode is "nl" (if there are any rows). I've tried using a CASE and COALESCE() but failed due to my inexperience with both concepts. Thanks in advance.

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• select row from table and substitute a field with one from another column if it exists

  - by EarthMind

  I'm trying construct a PostgreSQL query that does the following but so far my efforts have been in vain. Problem: There are two tables: A and B. I'd like to select all columns from table A (having columns: id, name, description) and substitute the "A.name" column with the value of the column "B.title" from table B (having columns: id, table_A_id title, langcode) where B.table_A_id is 5 and B.langcode is "nl" (if there are any rows). My attempts: SELECT A.name, case when exists(select title from B where table_A_id = 5 and langcode= 'nl') then B.title else A.name END FROM A, B WHERE A.id = 5 and B.table_A_id = 5 and B.langcode = 'nl' -- second try: SELECT COALESCE(B.title, A.name) as name from A, B where A.id = 5 and B.table_A_id = 5 and exists(select title from B where table_A_id = 5 and langcode= 'nl') I've tried using a CASE and COALESCE() but failed due to my inexperience with both concepts. Thanks in advance.

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• How to provide an API client with 1,000,000 database results?

  - by Chris Dutrow

  What is a good way to provide an API client with 1,000,000 database results? We are cureently using PostgreSQL. A few suggested methods: Paging using Cursors Paging using random numbers ( Add "GREATER THAN ORDER BY " to each query ) Save information to a file and let the client download it Iterate through results, then POST the data to the client server Return only keys to the client, then let the client request the objects from Cloud files like Amazon S3 (still may require paging just to get the file names ). What haven't I thought of that is stupidly simple and way better than any of these options?

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• SQL Select between two fields depending on the value of one field

  - by Filip

  Hi. I am using a PostgreSQL database, and in a table representing some measurements I've two columns: measurement, and interpolated. In the first I've the observation (measurement), and b is the interpolated value depending on nearby values. Every record with an original value has also an interpolated value. However, there are a lot of records without "original" observations (NULL), hence the values are interpolated and stored in the second column. So basically there are just two cases in the database: Value Value NULL Value Of course, it is preferable to use the value from the first column if available, hence I need to build a query to select the data from the first column, and if not available (NULL), then the database returns the value from the second column for the record in question. I have no idea how to build the SQL query. Please help. Thanks.

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• How to delete unused sequences?

  - by user1023877

  We are using PostgreSQL. My requirement is to delete unused sequences from my database. For example, if I create any table through my application, one sequence will be created, but for deleting the table we are not deleting the sequence, too. If want to create the same table another sequence is being created. Example: table: file; automatically created sequence for id coumn: file_id_seq When I delete the table file and create it with same name again, a new sequence is being created (i.e. file_id_seq1). I have accumulated a huge number of unused sequences in my application database this way. How to delete these unused sequences?

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• How to save an order (permutation) in an sql db

  - by Bendlas

  I have a tree structure in an sql table like so: CREATE TABLE containers ( container_id serial NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, parent integer REFERENCES containers (container_id)) Now i want to define an ordering between nodes with the same parent. I Have thought of adding a node_index column, to ORDER BY, but that seem suboptimal, since that involves modifying the index of a lot of nodes when modifying the stucture. That could include adding, removing, reordering or moving nodes from some subtree to another. Is there a sql datatype for an ordered sequence, or an efficient way to emulate one? Doesn't need to be fully standard sql, I just need a solution for mssql and hopefully postgresql EDIT To make it clear, the ordering is arbitrary. Actually, the user will be able to drag'n'drop tree nodes in the GUI

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