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• How do I use an API?

  - by GRardB

  Background I have no idea how to use an API. I know that all APIs are different, but I've been doing research and I don't fully understand the documentation that comes along with them. There's a programming competition at my university in a month and a half that I want to compete in (revolved around APIs) but nobody on my team has ever used one. We're computer science majors, so we have experience programming, but we've just never been exposed to an API. I tried looking at Twitter's documentation, but I'm lost. Would anyone be able to give me some tips on how to get started? Maybe a very easy API with examples, or explaining essential things about common elements of different APIs? I don't need a full-blown tutorial on Stack Overflow; I just need to be pointed in the right direction. Update The programming languages that I'm most fluent in are C (simple text editor usually) and Java (Eclipse). In an attempt to be more specific with my question: I understand that APIs (and yes, external libraries are what I was referring to) are simply sets of functions. Question I guess what I'm trying to ask is how I would go about accessing those functions. Do I need to download specific files and include them in my programs, or do they need to be accessed remotely, etc.?

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• Multilingual sites and Google search results, using sub-folders for language

  - by AWinter

  About three months ago we added an English version of our, previously Japanese only, site under the subfolder /en/ we've tried to follow the sometimes incomplete best practices laid out by Google by adding alternate tags to all pages that are currently translated. The top page for instance has the following meta tags for language. <link rel="canonical" href="/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="/en/"> While the English main page under /en/ has <link rel="canonical" href="/en/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="ja" href="/"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="/en/"> Alternate languages are setup in the sitemap. (as per Google's recommendations) It seems however that Google absolutely refuses to show the English top page in results when the user is using English at google.com if you search you'll, as of this post, get the Japanese description and a title that Google has apparently invented instead of the title and description in the meta-tags for the /en/ index page. Does anyone have any experience with subfolders actually working to affect search results? What are the best practices for ensuring that the correct language version of my website is displayed through Google and other search engines? And how long will it take before the new language version becomes prominent in search engine results?

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• Are there any significant advantages to using a native language for mobile app development?

  - by Karl Daniel

  Forgive me if this question has already been answered but I couldn't quite find the answer I was looking for. What I wanted to know was, is there any significant advantage to using a native language when developing and deploying apps to a mobile environment? The reason I ask is for a long while now I've been using Objective-C, Apple's native language for iOS, to build my apps. However I've been wondering whether or not there is any real benefit to doing this, over using a non-native language like JavaScript and then deploying it through a service like 'Phone Gap'? I do stress 'significant' advantages as native languages are always more likely to have the upper hand when it comes to speed and access to the latest APIs. However in general I don't see using a non-native language or a service like 'Phone Gap' causing and major slow down to my apps or restricting my development. Additionally having the ability to deploy to multiple services is also very handy indeed. This is why I put the question, are there any significant advantages to using a native language for mobile app development?

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• Zero to Cloud : One stop shop for resources to accelerate your transformation to enterprise private cloud

  - by Anand Akela

  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} During the Oracle Open World 2012 last week, Oracle introduced "Zero to Cloud" resource center to help you accelerate your transformation journey to enterprise private cloud. To help organizations deploy fully operational, enterprise-grade private cloud environment in as little as half a day, Oracle has brought key content together into this single, user-friendly resource center. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The resource center is launched just as the Oracle Cloud Builder Summit series moves into full swing. Designed for executives, cloud architects, and IT operations professionals, the day-long event series will eventually reach nearly 100 cities around the globe. During this event, an interactive "Zero to Cloud" session will showcase the transformational journey of a fictitious enterprise to the private cloud using the latest solutions from Oracle—including, Oracle Database, Oracle Fusion Middleware, Oracle VM and Oracle Enterprise Manager, as well as Oracle’s full range of engineered systems. The online "Zero to Cloud" resource center includes best practices from Oracle experts and early adopter customers as well as interviews with Oracle development executives responsibly for Oracle’s private cloud solutions and roadmap. It also includes a new self-assessment quiz that can help determine readiness for a successful private cloud deployment. Once you've determined organizational readiness, explore early adopter tips, demos, guides, exclusive white papers and more at the "Zero to Cloud" resource center.

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• Trying to move away from PHP/Yii: RoR, Python/Django or ASP.NET MVC? Your opinions please [closed]

  - by Örs

  I have a CS degree and I've been working as a web developer (front & backend) for about 2 years now. I've been working with PHP mostly because it was easy to pick up and find a job, but I've grown to dislike the language and want to try something new, and possibly get a better paying job. That last point is especially important because in my area (Romania/Eastern Europe) PHP jobs are mostly for people fresh out of college/high school, hence the pay is rather low. I've been working with the Yii framework which, if I understand correctly, borrows a lot from Ruby on Rails (convention over configuration, MVC, Active Record, scaffolding). Other than PHP I only know curly-brace languages (C/C++/Java) and bash so Python/Ruby might be a bit challenging. On the other hand I've been using Linux (with vim and recently Sublime Text 2) for almost 4 years now so Windows and a lack of a terminal would have its downsides as well. I'm leaning towards Python/Ruby because of my *nix bias (plus both look like fun), but I've heard great things about ASP.NET MVC as well. Any suggestions? PS: I think there are more jobs in ASP.NET around here, but that's not necessarily a plus, because there are a lot of CS graduates as well. tl;dr: Romanian PHP/Yii developer trying to move to Python/Django or Ruby/Rails or C#/ASP.NET MVC. Suggestions?

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• Are null references really a bad thing?

  - by Tim Goodman

  I've heard it said that the inclusion of null references in programming languages is the "billion dollar mistake". But why? Sure, they can cause NullReferenceExceptions, but so what? Any element of the language can be a source of errors if used improperly. And what's the alternative? I suppose instead of saying this: Customer c = Customer.GetByLastName("Goodman"); // returns null if not found if (c != null) { Console.WriteLine(c.FirstName + " " + c.LastName + " is awesome!"); } else { Console.WriteLine("There was no customer named Goodman. How lame!"); } You could say this: if (Customer.ExistsWithLastName("Goodman")) { Customer c = Customer.GetByLastName("Goodman") // throws error if not found Console.WriteLine(c.FirstName + " " + c.LastName + " is awesome!"); } else { Console.WriteLine("There was no customer named Goodman. How lame!"); } But how is that better? Either way, if you forget to check that the customer exists, you get an exception. I suppose that a CustomerNotFoundException is a bit easier to debug than a NullReferenceException by virtue of being more descriptive. Is that all there is to it?

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• How to configure KDE default settings for a new user of a group?

  - by Adobe

  I'm a sys admin on Kubuntu 11.10 machine. Where do I configure the basic config for a new user (say belonging to group "users")? Edit 1: I want to configure langauages - currently my new users get English and Bulgarian Languages. I want them to get English and Russian - and also to set Alt-CapsLock - to be the input-language-switching-combination. Edit 2: How do I configure things in /usr/share/kde4 When I do kdesudo systemsettings and save configurations - only root settings got changed - not the /usr/share/kde4 ones. Edit 3: New user gets the /etc/skel files controlling bash behaviour-appearence. What about the KDE new user's default files - where are they stored? Edit 4: Oh, I found some hints: kde4-config --path config gives a list of folders (separated by the colon) where KDE looks for configs. My machine responded with: /home/boris/.kde/share/config/ /etc/kde4/ /usr/share/kubuntu-default-settings/kde4-profile/default/share/config/ /usr/share/kde4/config/ /usr/share/desktop-base/profiles/kde-profile/share/config/ It looks like third line is where KDE takes the default options. So I found these zilions of settings - but no GUI way to configure it ((. Edit 5: Finally, I've created a dummy user, configured it, and wrote a script which gives it's settings to a given user(s). The trick - is to chown after one transfered the dot files from one user to another. I've tested it - it works fine.

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• JavaOne Technology Conference Is Coming to Russia

  - by Tori Wieldt

  JavaOne Russia 17-18 AprilRussian Academy of Sciences, MoscowRegister Now JavaOne and Oracle Develop 2012 Russia offers a wide variety of sessions, hands-on labs, keynotes, demos, and the opportunity to network with developer peers. If you’re looking for in-depth sessions on Java technologies and tools, this is the conference for you. Your registration also gets you into Oracle Develop sessions as well, so you can learn about application servers, cloud development and, of course, database development. The JavaOne Russia tracks are:Client-Side Technologies and Rich User ExperiencesLearn about developments in Java for the desktop and practices for building rich, immersive, and powerful user experiences across multiple hardware platforms and form factors. Core Java PlatformDiscover the latest innovations in Java virtual machines. Get deep technical explanations in security and networking and enhancements that allow dynamic programming languages to drive Java platform adoption. Java EE Web Profile, Platform Technologies, Web Services, and the Cloud Update your knowledge on topics such as Web application development, persistence, security, and transactions. This track will also address modularity, enterprise caching, Web sockets, and internet identity. Mobile, Java Card, Embedded, and DevicesThis track is devoted to Java technology as the ultimate platform for mobile computing. It also covers embedded and device usages of Java technologies, including Java SE, Java ME, Java Card, and JavaFX. Share this event: #oracleRU

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• How do I start working as a programmer - what do I need?

  - by giorgo

  Hello, i am currently learning Java and PHP as I have some projects from university, which require me to apply both languages. Specifically, a Java GUI application, connecting to a MySQL database and a web application that will be implemented in PHP/MySQL. I have started learning the MVC pattern, Struts, Spring and I am also learning PHP with zend. My first question is: How can I find employment as a programmer/software engineer? The reason I ask is because I have sent my CV into many companys, but all of them stated that I required work experience. I really need some guidance on how to improve my career opportunites. At present, I work on my own and haven't worked in collaboration with anyone on a particular project. I'm assuming most people create projects and submit them along with their CVs. My second question is: Everyone has to make a start from somewhere, but what if this somewhere doesn't come? What do I need to do to create the circumstances where I can easily progress forward? Thanks

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• What's so great about Clojure?

  - by marco-fiset

  I've been taking a look at Clojure lately and I stumbled upon this post on Stackoverflow that indicates some projects following best practices, and overall good Clojure code. I wanted to get my head around the language after reading some basic tutorials so I took a look at some "real-world" projects. After looking at ClojureScript and Compojure (two the the aforementioned "good" projects), I just feel like Clojure is a joke. I don't understand why someone would pick Clojure over say, Ruby or Python, two languages that I love and have such a clean syntax and are very easy to pick up whereas Clojure uses so much parenthesis and symbols everywhere that it ruins the readability for me. I think that Ruby and Python are beautiful, readable and elegant. They are easy to read even for someone who does not know the language inside out. However, Clojure is opaque to me and I feel like I must know every tiny detail about the language implementation in order to be able to understand any code. So please, enlighten me! What is so good about Clojure? What is the absolute minimum that I should know about the language in order to appreciate it?

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• Software for a online collaborative bi/tri lingual dictionary [closed]

  - by user537488

  I am looking for a software which I can host in popular and general shared web hosting services(online softwares like wordpress, meidawiki, drupal etc.) which can do the following- allow users to create account allow users or anons to add words to the dictionary (there will be English as base language and other languages) easier way to import all the words from English dictionary users should be able to write the that language equivalent of the English word Every word should have it's own address and page like www.namesomething.com/word/en/software will contain the word software and the other language word for it search should be faster and should find nearer results it's should be able to list related words like if the user is looking at "software" then other words from s like "softcopy" etc should appear alphabetically in that page Any one should be able to comment on the word which is not seen in the main page but other page similar to the talk page in the wiki any one should be able to contribute clean interface unlike wiki (media wiki and all other) just for words only I tried media wiki and other wiki software but it overloaded and unclean. I am looking for interface similar to oed.com but clean, minimal as we are not going to have such more information. Just words in English and it's other language equivalent. Here we are talking about a language which has not yet been in the Internet. It's should be collaborative.

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• EE vs Computer Science: Effect on Developers' Approaches, Styles?

  - by DarenW

  Are there any systematic differences between software developers (sw engineers, architect, whatever job title) with an electronics or other engineering background, compared to those who entered the profession through computer science? By electronics background, I mean an EE degree, or a self-taught electronics tinkerer, other types of engineers and experimental physicists. I'm wondering if coming into the software-making professions from a strong knowledge of flip flops, tristate buffers, clock edge rise times and so forth, usually leads to a distinct approach to problems, mindsets, or superior skills at certain specialties and lack of skills at others, when compared to the computer science types who are full of concepts like abstract data types, object orientation, database normalization, who speak of "closures" in programming languages - things that make little sense to the soldering iron crowd until they learn enough programming. The real world, I'm sure, offers a wild range of individual exceptions, but for the most part, can you say there are overall differences? Would these have hiring implications e.g. (to make up something) "never hire an electron wrangler to do database design"? Could knowing about any differences help job seekers find something appropriate more effectively? Or provide enlightenment or some practical advice for those who find themselves misfits in a particular job role? (Btw, I've never taken any computer science classes; my impression of exactly what they cover is fuzzy. I'm an electronics/physics/art type, myself.)

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• Best Method/Library For Remote Authentication

  - by Mike

  I have a web app that has a REST API interface: http://api.example.com/core that uses API Keys and domain specific keys (key has to be used on the specified domain). I then will have several client sites with ajax forms where we will require users to sign in before being able to submit the form. This form will add data to a table, and submit an email to several recipients along with checking credentials. This form will use an ajax submit to our REST API. All Communication to/from the API is over SSL Ideal Flow: Visitor Fills Form Out -> Enters User/pass -> Submits Form -> ajax request to REST API -> API Verifies credentials -> does CRUD -> sends emails -> returns 200/403 -> perform DOM manipulation based on return code in ajax call Are there any libraries in PHP that currently do something to this similarly? Would OAuth be a good use for this scenario? Languages used are: js/html/css/php/MySQL

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• sharing life experience

  - by gcc

  I am a student of computer engineering. I have never done any programming before, and as you can understand, I don't know how to study it or how to make my own programs. My English is weak [edited for clarity - ed], and so if you don't like the choices I list, please feel free to provide others. How should I study? How should I learn programming languages? Study completely from a book. Don't study from a book, just try writing code. A mix of the two; study from a book, then try writing code. Study half the book, then write the code by hand on paper. Listed to the teacher, then try to solve general problems (those not from any specific chapter). I have send that question to stackoverflow before when I am at first year. Now, I want to construct webpage to guide fresh students by giving advise of yours and mines.Maybe, you wonder Why I want to construct webpage , I just want help the other student. I am giving a link to that question < http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3389465/how-should-i-study-programming-languagess If you have other advice, feel free. EDIT: This web cite, I think , is constructed to share member's life experience and also I know these experiences is valuable . So I have no right to want your opinion, But I want your opinion / experience even if you think it is not so helpful to other

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• Assuming "clean code/architecture" is there a difference in "effort" between PHP or Java/J2EE web application development?

  - by PhD

  A client asked us to estimate effort when selecting PHP as the implementation language for his next web-based application. We spent about a week exploring PHP, prototyping, testing etc., We are quite new to this language - may have hacked around it in the past but, let's go with PHP-noobs but application development experts (for the lack of a better, less flattering word :) It seems, that if we write, clean maintainable code, follow separation of concerns, enterprise architecture patters (DAOs etc.) the 'effort' in creating an object-oriented PHP based web-application seems to be the same for a Java based one. Here's our equation for estimating the effort (development/delivery time): ConstructionEffort = f(analysis, design, coding, testing, review, deployment) We were specifically comparing effort estimates in creating an enterprise application with the following: PHP + CakePHP/CodeIgniter (should we have considered others?) Java + Spring + Restlet It's an end-to-end application: Client: Javascript/jQuery + HTML/CSS Middle tier/Business Logic - (Still evaluating PHP/Java) Database: MySQL The effort estimates of the 1st and 3rd tier are constant and relatively independent of the middle tier's technology. At a high level with an initial breakdown into user stories of the requested features as well as a high-level SWAG on the sheer number of classes/SLOC that would be required for PHP doesn't seem to differ by much from what is required of the same in Java. Is this correct? We are basing our initial estimates on the initial prototyping/coding we've done with PHP - we are currently disregarding fluency with the language as a factor, since that'll be an initial hurdle and not a long term impediment IMHO (we also have sufficient time to become quite fluent with PHP). I'm interested in knowing the programmers' perspective with respect to effort when creating similar applications with either of the languages to justify choosing one over the other. Are we missing something here? It seems we are going against popular belief of PHP being quicker to market (or we being very fluent with Java have our vision clouded). It doesn't seem to have any coding/programming effort saving from what we/ve played around with.

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• What is a 'good number' of exceptions to implement for my library?

  - by Fuzz

  I've always wondered how many different exception classes I should implement and throw for various pieces of my software. My particular development is usually C++/C#/Java related, but I believe this is a question for all languages. I want to understand what is a good number of different exceptions to throw, and what the developer community expect of a good library. The trade-offs I see include: More exception classes can allow very fine grain levels of error handling for API users (prone to user configuration or data errors, or files not being found) More exception classes allows error specific information to be embedded in the exception, rather than just a string message or error code More exception classes can mean more code maintenance More exception classes can mean the API is less approachable to users The scenarios I wish to understand exception usage in include: During 'configuration' stage, which might include loading files or setting parameters During an 'operation' type phase where the library might be running tasks and doing some work, perhaps in another thread Other patterns of error reporting without using exceptions, or less exceptions (as a comparison) might include: Less exceptions, but embedding an error code that can be used as a lookup Returning error codes and flags directly from functions (sometimes not possible from threads) Implemented an event or callback system upon error (avoids stack unwinding) As developers, what do you prefer to see? If there are MANY exceptions, do you bother error handling them separately anyway? Do you have a preference for error handling types depending on the stage of operation?

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• Is learning C# as a first language a mistake?

  - by JuniorDeveloper1208

  I know there are similar questions on here, which I've read, but I recently read this post by Joel Spolsky: How can I teach a bright person, with no programming experience, how to program? And it got me thinking about my way of learning and whether it might actually be harmful in the long run. I've dabbled with various languages but C# is my first serious one, I've read "Head First C#" and created a few projects. But after reading the post above I've found it a bit disheartening that I may be going about it all wrong, obviously I respect Joel's opinion which is what has thrown me a bit. I've started reading "Code" as recommended in the reading list and I'm finding it pretty hard going, although enjoyable. I feel like it's taken the shine off of my "noobish hacking about" in Visual Studio. So now I'm unsure as to what path I should take? Should I take a step back and follow Joel's advice and start reading? I guess my main aim is just to become a good programmer, like everyone else, but I don't want to be going into bad practice by learning a .NET language when someone who's opinion I respect thinks that it is harmful. Thoughts?

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• How to indicate to a web server the language of a resource

  - by Nik M

  I'm writing an HTTP API to a publishing server, and I want resources with representations in multiple languages. A user whose client GETs a resource which has Korean, Japanese and Trad. Chinese representations, and sends Accept-Language: en, ja;q=0.7 should get the Japanese. One resource, identified by one URI, will therefore have a number of different language representations. This seems to me like a totally orthodox use of content negotiation and multiple resource representations. But when each translator comes to provide these alternate language representations to the server, what's the correct way to instruct the server which language to store the representation under? I'm having the translators PUT the representation in its entirety to the same URI, but I can't find out how to do this elegantly. Content-Language is a response header, and none of the request headers seem to fit the bill. It seems my options are Invent a new request header Supply additional metadata in a multipart/related document Provide language as a parameter to the Content-Type of the request, like Content-Type: text/html;language=en I don't want to get into the business of extending HTTP, and I don't feel great about bundling extra metadata into the representation. Neither approach seems friendly to HTTP caches either. So option 3 seems like the best way that I can think of, but even then it's decidedly non-standard to put my own specific parameters on a very well established content type. Is there any by-the-book way of achieving this?

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• How do I simplify a 2D game grid for level management while keeping its by-pixel features?

  - by Eric Thoma

  (I cross-posted this from StackOverflow as this seems to be a more appropriate forum. I've looked around a little here and I did not find an answer, so I hope this is not a recurring question.) This is a question dealing with 2D world design. I am playing around by creating a 2D bird's eye view shooter game, and I am looking to make the game sleek and advanced. I hope to be able to write physics so projectiles have momentum and knock-down properties. I am immediately running into the problem of world design. I need a way to have level files that store everything there is about a game. This is easiest by just having a grid of objects. But there are thin-walls and other objects that don't seem to fit into a traditional cell of a grid. I want to be able to fit all these together so I can streamline level design; so I don't have to put in the exact pixel-specific start and end of a wall. There doesn't seem to be an obvious translation from level file to game without forcing myself into a pacman-life scenario, meaning a scenario where the game feels boxy and discrete. There is a contrast between the smoothly (relatively) moving characters and finite jumps in a grid. I would appreciate an answer that would describe implementation options or point me to resources that do. I would also appreciate references to sites that teach game design. The language I am using is Java (although I would love to use C or C++, but I can never find convenient resources in those languages). Thank you for any answers. Please leave any questions in the space below; I will be able to answer them later tonight (28th Nov).

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• Is there a massive other side to software development which I've somehow missed, revolving entirely around Microsoft?

  - by Aerovistae

  I'm still a beginning programmer; I've been at it for 2 years. I've learned to work with a few languages, a bit of web development technologies, a handful of libraries, frameworks, and IDEs. But over the past two years (and long before I even started, really), I keep hearing references to these...things. A million of them. Things such as C#, ADO, SOAP, ASP, ASP.NET, the .NET framework, CLR, F#, etc etc. And I've read their Wikipedia articles, in-depth, multiple times, and they all mention a million other things on that list, but I just can't seem to grasp what it all is. The only thing I've taken away with any certainty is that Microsoft is behind all of it. It sounds almost like a conspiracy. Are all these technologies just for developing on the Windows platform? What is .NET? Do some software developers dedicate their entire career just to that side of things? Why would I want to get into it, and what advantage does...whatever it is...have over all the other technologies there are? I hope this makes sense. It's a broad question, but inside it there's a very specific question asking about something I don't know the name of. Hopefully you can grasp my confusion.

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• Good books or tutorials on building projects without an IDE?

  - by CodexArcanum

  While I'm certainly under no illusions that building software without an IDE is possible, I don't actually know much about doing it well. I've been using graphical tools like Visual Studio or Code::Blocks so long that I'm pretty well lost without them. And that really stinks when I want to change environments or languages. I couldn't really do anything in D until someone made a Visual Studio plugin, and now that I'm trying to do more development on Mac, I can't use D again because the XCode plugins don't work. I'm sick of being lost when I see a .make file and having no idea what I'm supposed to do with a folder full of source files. People can't be compiling them one by one using the console and then linking them one by one. You'd spend more time typing file names than code. So what are the automation and productivity tools of the non-IDE user? How do you manage a project when you're writing all the code in emacs or vim or nano or whatever? I would love it if there was a book or a guide online that spells some of this out.

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• How are objects modelled in a functional programming language?

  - by Giorgio

  In an answer to this question (written by Pete) there are some considerations about OOP versus FP. In particular, it is suggested that FP languages are not very suitable for modelling (persistent) objects that have an identity and a mutable state. I was wondering if this is true or, in other words, how one would model objects in a functional programming language. From my basic knowledge of Haskell I thought that one could use monads in some way, but I really do not know enough on this topic to come up with a clear answer. So, how are entities with an identity and a mutable persistent state normally modelled in a functional language? EDIT Here are some further details to clarify what I have in mind. Take a typical Java application in which I can (1) read a record from a database table into a Java object, (2) modify the object in different ways, (3) save the modified object to the database. How would this be implemented e.g. in Haskell? I would initially read the record into a record value (defined by a data definition), perform different transformations by applying functions to this initial value (each intermediate value is a new, modified copy of the original record) and then write the final record value to the database. Is this all there is to it? How can I ensure that at each moment in time only one copy of the record is valid / accessible? One does not want to have different immutable values representing different snapshots of the same object to be accessible at the same time.

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• Encapsulating code in F# (Part 2)

  - by MarkPearl

  In part one of this series I showed an example of encapsulation within a local definition. This is useful to know so that you are aware of the scope of value holders etc. but what I am more interested in is encapsulation with regards to generating useful F# code libraries in .Net, this is done by using Namespaces and Modules. Lets have a look at some C# code first… using System; namespace EncapsulationNS { public class EncapsulationCLS { public static void TestMethod() { Console.WriteLine("Hello"); } } } Pretty simple stuff… now the F# equivalent…. namespace EncapsulationNS module EncapsulationMDL = let TestFunction = System.Console.WriteLine("Hello") ()   Even easier… lets look at some specifics about F# namespaces… Namespaces are open. meaning you can have multiple source files and assemblies can contribute to the same namespace. So, Namespaces are a great way to group modules together, so the question needs to be asked, what role do modules play. For me, the F# module is in many ways similar to the vb6 days of modules. In vb6 modules were separate files and simply allowed us to group certain methods together. I find it easier to visualize F# modules this way than to compare them to the C# classes. However that being said one is not restricted to one module per file – there is flexibility to have multiple modules in one code file however with my limited F# experience I would still recommend using the file as the standard level of separating modules as it is very easy to then find your way around a solution. An important note about interop with F# and other .Net languages. I wrote a blog post a while back about a very basic F# to C# interop. If I were to reference an F# library in a C# project (for instance ‘TestFunction’), in C# it would show this method as a static method call, meaning I would not have to instantiate an instance of the module.

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• Does it make sense to write build scripts in C++?

  - by Klaim

  I'm using CMake to generate my projects IDE/makefiles, but I still need to call custom "scripts" to manipulate my compiled files or even generate code. In previous projects I've been using Python and it was OK, but now I'm having serious trouble managing a lot of dependencies in two very big projects I'm working on so I want to minimize the dependencies everywhere. Someone suggested to me to use C++ to write my build scripts instead of adding a language dependency just for that. The projects themeselves already use C++ so there are several advantages that I can see: to build the whole project, only a C++ compiler and CMake would be necessary, nothing else (all the other dependencies are C or C++); C++ type safety (when using modern C++) makes everything easier to get "correct"; it's also the language I know the better so I'm more at ease with it even if I'm able to write some good Python code; potential gain in execution speed (but i don't think it will really be perceptible); However, I think there might be some drawbacks and I'm not sure of the real impact as I didn't try yet: might be longer to write the code (that said I'm not sure because I'm efficient enough in C++ to write something that work quickly, so maybe for this system it wouldn't be so long to write) (compilation time shouldn't be a problem for this case); I must assume that all the text files I'll read as input are in UTF-8, I'm not sure it can be easilly checked at runtime in C++ and the language will not check it for you; libraries in C++ are harder to manage than in scripting languages; I lack experience and forsight so maybe I'm missing advantages and drawbacks. So the question is: does it make sense to use C++ for this? do you have experiences to report and do you see advantages and disadvantages that might be important?

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• What patterns book for iOS development contains this specific information? [closed]

  - by Brett Ryan

  I've read several books on iOS development and Objective-C, however what a lot of them teach is how to work with interfaces and all contain the model inside the view controller, i.e. a UITableViewController based view will simply have an NSArray as it's model. I'm interested in what the best practices are for designing the structure of an application. Specifically I'm interested in best practices for the following: How to separate a model from the view controller. I think I know how to do this by simply replacing the NSArray style example with a specific model object, however what I do not know how to do is alert the view when the model changes. For example in .NET I would solve this by conforming to INotifyPropertyChanged and databinding, and similarly with Java I would use PropertyChangeListener. How to create a service model for my domain objects. For example I want to learn the best way to create a service for a hypothetical Widget object to manage an internal DB and also services for communicating with remote endpoints. I need to learn the best ways to do this in a way that interface components can subscribe to events such as widgetUpdated. These services should be singleton classes and some how dependency injected into model/controller objects. Books I've read so far are: Programming in Objective-C (4th Edition) Beginning iOS 5 Development: Exploring the iOS SDK The iOS 5 Developer's Cookbook: Expanded Electronic Edition: Essentials and Advanced Recipes for iOS Programmers Learn Objective-C on the Mac: For OS X and iOS I've also purchased the following updated books but not yet read them. The Core iOS 6 Developer's Cookbook (4th edition Programming in Objective-C (5th Edition) I come from a Java and C# background with 15 years experience, I understand that many of the ways I would do things in these languages may not fit to the ObjC way of developing applications. Would someone be able to provide me with the book on this topic containing this specific subject matter?

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