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• Is there any functional-like unix shell?

  - by Caruccio

  I'm (really) newbie to functional programming (in fact only had contact with it using python) but seems to be a good approach for some list-intensive tasks in a shell environment. I'd love to do something like this: $ [ git clone $host/$repo for repo in repo1 repo2 repo3 ] Is there any Unix shell with these kind of feature? Or maybe some feature to allow easy shell access (commands, env/vars, readline, etc...) from within python (the idea is to use python's interactive interpreter as a replacement to bash). EDIT: Maybe a comparative example would clarify. Let's say I have a list composed of dir/file: $ FILES=( build/project.rpm build/project.src.rpm ) And I want to do a really simple task: copy all files to dist/ AND install it in the system (it's part of a build process): Using bash: $ cp ${files[*]} dist/ $ cd dist && rpm -Uvh $(for f in ${files[*]}; do basename $f; done)) Using a "pythonic shell" approach (caution: this is imaginary code): $ cp [ os.path.join('dist', os.path.basename(file)) for file in FILES ] 'dist' Can you see the difference ? THAT is what i'm talking about. How can not exits a shell with these kind of stuff build-in yet? It's a real pain to handle lists in shell, even its being a so common task: list of files, list of PIDs, list of everything. And a really, really, important point: using syntax/tools/features everybody already knows: sh and python. IPython seams to be on a good direction, but it's bloated: if var name starts with '$', it does this, if '$$' it does that. It's syntax is not "natural", so many rules and "workarounds" ([ ln.upper() for ln in !ls ] -- syntax error)

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• Plesk Uninstall Memory issue

  - by user115079

  I am trying to uninstall plesk from my VPS by running following command: yum remove sw-* psa-* plesk-* when i run this command i get following error: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test memory alloc (4 bytes) returned NULL. First time when i run above command, this mem alloc (4 bytes) was very big number like (67864987). then i googled it, got some clear/ulimit commands. executed them. rebooted my system. stopped all process and executed this command again. but still getting 4 byte issue. dont know how to get rid of it. I also tried ulimit after reboot but no success and Yes. No swap attached. these are stats of my system [root@vps ~]# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 384 67 316 0 0 0 -/+ buffers/cache: 67 316 Swap: 0 0 0 top - 21:01:07 up 3:12, 1 user, load average: 0.24, 0.08, 0.03 Tasks: 31 total, 2 running, 29 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 393216k total, 69832k used, 323384k free, 0k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 0k cached is there any other alternative to achieve my goal to uninstall plesk? thanks.

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• What is the --daemon option?

  - by Pascal Dimassimo

  I was installing Solr with Jetty using these instructions. Basically, those instructions made you download the Jetty startup script and copy it to /etc/init.d/jetty. But it was not working. Each time I was starting Jetty, I had a "FAILED" message and nothing to understand why it was happening. I decided to open up the /etc/init.d/jetty script to understand what was happening. I saw that this script was using start-stop-daemon to launch jetty. After a couple of time of debugging, I discovered that removing the --daemon option at the end of the start-stop-daemon call was fixing my problem. I did a couple of research and discovered that this guy had the same problem and resolved it like I did: my removing the --daemon option. What is weird is that the switch does not seem to be specific to start-stop-daemon, because it is not documented in the man page. Also, I've seen it used for other commands. So what is that --daemon option doing? And why removing it resolved my problem? Note that I am working on Ubuntu 10.04.2 LTS.

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• How do I connect to and factory reset a Catalyst 3560 Switch?

  - by Josh

  My company just bought another company. In their server room they had some older hardware, which I would like to repurpose. One of these is a Cisco Switch: C3560G-48TS-S. I found some instructions about this switch here but this is not a guide for a beginner. I have no idea how to connect to this thing to begin running the commands. It says Configure the PC terminal emulation software for 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control. But I can't find anything on how to do this (assuming with telnet?) or even what program to use. I also don't know how to find the IP address of the device to connect to it. My research also says once I get in there, I need to run clear config all Is this the right command? Also, what if I can't get the username and password for these devices? Is there some way to factory reset (my only experience is with devices that have a hardware reset button) EDIT: I should note that when I push the button on the front the three lights blink, which according to the documentation indicated the switch is configured and "not available for express setup"

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• Is there a way to use VirtualBox without using it's resource registry?

  - by Catskul

  Summary VirtualBox seems to want everything to be "registered" which makes it much more annoying to work with on the command line. I'm attempting to create an automated script which will create, move, start, stop, and destroy virtual machines and virtual disks. Requiring registration will complicate the task for the following reasons. leaves state information around that can cause unpredicted edgecases causing scripts to fail. creates potential name space collisions for multiple process creating VMs with the same name moving/copying resources on the same machine is more complicated because references in the registry need to be updated copying resources (disk + vm combination) to another machine require reconfiguration once they reach their target machine, and require the transfer of extra meta data to do the reconfiguration. If something unexpectedly fails, and an unregister thus fails to happen, left over configuration information can cause problems in subsequent runs. Use Case My specific use case is for a continuous integration server which creates and destroys VMs and Disk images potentially with the same name, and would require more logic to deal with the registry's statefulness. Imaginary Example It seems that I should just be able to for example (using some imaginary and/or incorrect commands): mkdir foobar customdiskimg_script ./foo/foo.vdi vboxmanage createvm --name "foo" --ostype Linux --basefolder ./foo/foo.xml vboxmanage storagectl ./foo/foo.xml --name foo --add ide vboxmanage storageattach --storagectl foo --medium ./foo/foo.vdi ./foo/foo.xml vboxmanage startvm ./foo/foo.xml TLDR Is there a way to use virtualbox without "registering" harddisks and VMs?

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• Using multiple USB webcams in Linux

  - by rachelderp

  Running more than one USB webcam in Debian/Linux results in the the following error: libv4l2: error turning on stream: No space left on device VIDIOC_STREAMON: No space left on device What initially seemed to be a programming issue in OpenCV turned into a quest for a mysterious hardware/software problem after the same errors were produced by running cheese and xawtv. Apparently it's caused by webcams requesting all the available bandwidth on the USB host controller. With that in mind I decided to run wireshark and capinfos to see just how much bandwidth a single camera used. 4 megabits per second at 320x240 14 megabits per second at 640x480 32 megabits per second at 1920x1080 Interesting! That might explain why two cameras at 320x240 work but any higher resolution fails. It's as if my USB controller is only operating at USB 1 speeds, yet lsusb shows both webcams belonging to a device which supposedly supports 480 megabits per second. One solution proposed forcing the webcams to calculate their bandwidth usage instead of requesting their maximum by running the following commands: sudo rmmod uvcvideo sudo modprobe uvcvideo quirks=128 Unfortunately that made no difference, so I decided to try another solution. A post on StackOverflow suggested telling my webcams to use a lower FPS or compressed video format like MJPEG, but after running v4lctl list it doesn't appear either of my webcams support changing their video mode. And that's where I'm stuck. Why would two webcams operating well below the maximum speed of USB 2 would produce this error? ps: It's not a disk space issue, df displays no change when the webcams are started. pps: If it makes a difference, here's the output of lsusb

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• Outlook 2007 - Mailbox doesn't show my Items (like Calendar)

  - by cyntaxx

  Hi All, I have running an Exchange Server 2003 and 2 IBM Laptops (A&B)with XP SP3. On both Laptops Office 2007 is installed. Laptop "A" Outlook doesn't show me my Calendar and Notes entries in my mailbox tree on Laptop "A". I can click on the calenendar tab and the entries are there. On Laptop "B" it is working fine. I know that I can make a "rigth click" on "mailbox" and choose "create new folder". Than I select i.g. my calendar. It creates it, but I can't access it through my mailbox tree. Clicking on the Calendar tab works fine again. So, the mailbox is fine (I think). There must be failure with Outlook. I tried these commands here with no positive result. Outlook /cleanviews Outlook /resetfolders I want to avoid a repair installation of Outlook, because the whole office needs to be repaired. (And both laptops belong to my boss) :) Thanks, Toby

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• How to prevent the command prompt from closing after execution?

  - by Sk8erPeter

  My problem is that in Windows, there are command line windows that close immediately after execution. To solve this, I want the default behavior to be that the window is kept open. Normally, this behavior can be avoided with three methods that come to my mind: Putting a pause line after batch programs to prompt the user to press a key before exiting Running these batch files or other command line manipulating tools (even service starting, restarting, etc. with net start xy or anything similar) within cmd.exe(Start - Run - cmd.exe) Running these programs with cmd /k like this: cmd /k myprogram.bat But there are some other cases in which the user: Runs the program the first time and doesn't know that the given program will run in Command Prompt (Windows Command Processor) e.g. when running a shortcut from Start menu (or from somewhere else), OR Finds it a little bit uncomfortable to run cmd.exe all the time and doesn't have the time/opportunity to rewrite the code of these commands everywhere to put a pause after them or avoid exiting explicitly. I've read an article about changing default behavior of cmd.exe when opening it explicitly, with creating an AutoRun entry and manipulating its content in these locations: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Command Processor\AutoRun (The AutoRun items are _String values_...) I put cmd /d /k as a value of it to give it a try, but this didn't change the behaviour of the stuffs mentioned above at all... It just changed the behaviour of the command line window when opening it explicitly (Start-Run-cmd.exe). So how does it work? Can you give me any ideas to solve this problem?

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• Preventing back connect in Cpanel servers

  - by Fernando

  We run a Cpanel server and someone gained access to almost all accounts using the following steps: 1) Gained access to an user account due to weak password. Note: this user didn't had shell access. 2) With this user account, he accessed Cpanel and added a cron task. The cron task was a perl script that connected to his IP and he was able to send back shell commands. 3) Having a non jailed shell, he was able to change content of most websites in server specially for users who set their folders to 777 ( Unfortunately a common recommendation and sometimes a requirement for some PHP softwares ). Is there a way to prevent this? We started by disabling cron in Cpanel interface, but this is not enough. I see a lot of other options in which an user could run this perl script. We have a firewall running and blocking uncommon outgoing ports. But he used port 80 and, well, I can't block this port as a lot of processes use them to access things, even Cpanel itself.

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• puppet execution of a python script where os.system(...) command is not working

  - by philippe

  I am trying to manage Unix users with puppet. Puppet provides enough tools to create accounts and provide authorized_keys files for instance, but no to set up user password, and it tell to the user. What I have done is a python script which generate a random password and send it to the user by email. The problem is, it is not possible to launch passwd Unix command with python, I have then written a bash script with the command: echo -ne "$password\n$password\n" | passwd $user passwd -e $user Launched manually, the script works fine and the created user has its password sent by email. But when puppet launches it, only the python script gets executed, as if the os.system('/bin/bash my_bash_script') is ignored. No error is displayed. And the user gets its password, but the passwd commands are not launched. Is there any limitation with puppet preventing to perform what I described? Or, how can I otherwise change the user account, its expiration, and send password by email? I can provide more information, but right now, I don't know which are accurate. Many thanks!

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• Plesk command working in manual script, not in cronjob

  - by dsaunier

  Hi, In order to install a hosting plan, I use Plesk's commands in SSH as specified in their official guide. When typed directly in SSH (Putty), it works perfectly. The line is as follows with obviously values hard coded when in CLI: /usr/local/psa/bin/domain --create '.$url.' -owner mynamehere -ip '.IP_SERVER_PLESK.' -status enabled -hosting true -hst_type phys -login '.$ftp_user.' -passwd '.$ftp_pw.' -www false -php true -php_safe_mode false -hard_quota 100M I then put that request in a php script that does other things after hosting is installed. Now for the weird part: when calling that script from CLI it also works fine, I do a ./myscript.php and it installs the hosting, then sends emails etc. However after I create a cronjob to have that same script called regularly, then the Plesk command fails. The cronjob is started in Plesk as */15 * * * * /usr/bin/php /home/scripts/myscript.php and it works fine for everything BUT the Plesk hosting install, that returns "Unable to read Control Panel configuration file" and therefore does not install the domain hosting. Still this is the same script that I call manually ! On that server are the PHP used to call a cronjob and the one used in CLI different ? What do I miss, help greatly appreciated ! Regards.

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• How to make a redundant desktop system with daily snapshots? (Is btrfs ready for use?)

  - by TestUser16418

  I want to configure a desktop system in which the home filesystem would be redundant (e.g. RAID-1), and would have weekly snapshots taken. I've already done this with ZFS, the snapshot system is wonderful, and with send/recv you can easily create backups on external media. Unfortunately, at that point, I want GNU+Linux and not FreeBSD or Solaris, so I'm looking for suggestions for good alternatives. I reckon that my alternatives are: btrfs - it seems to be exactly what I need, it has snapshots and commands that allow you to easily replicate zfs send. Yet all documentation mentions that it's still experimental. I can't seem to find any actual reports on its reliability or usability issues. Can you point me to any information on that issue that could clarify whether it would be a possible choice? I have a large preference for this option, mostly because I don't want to reformat the drives when btrfs becomes ready, but I there's no information on whether it's usable at all, whether it's a silly idea to use it, etc. The question that I cannot get the answer to is what does "experimental" mean. lvm snapshots and ext4 - preferably not, since it can consume an awful amount of space when new files are created. Creating 200 GB files requres 200 GB free space and 200 GB additionally for snapshots. I also have found it unreliable -- failed metadata rewrite results in an unreadable PV. I'm wondering how btrfs would compare here. A single filesystem (ext4) on a RAID-1 array with custom COW snapshots with hardlinks (like cp -al). That's my current preference if I can't use btrfs. So how experimental btrfs is, which should I choose, and do I have any other options? What if I don't keep external incremental backups, would that affect my choice?

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• How to run a restricted set of programs with Administrator privileges without giving up Admin acces (Win7 Pro)

  - by frLich

  I have a shared system, running Windows7 X64, restricted to a 'standard user' with no password. Not everyone who has access to the system has the administrator password. This works rather well, except for some applications - specially the unlock-applications for encrypted hard drives/USB flash drives. The specific ones either require Administrator access (eg. Seagate Blackarmor) or simply fail without it -- since these programs are sending raw commands to a device, this is to be expected. I would like to be able to add the hashes of these particular programs to a whitelist, and have them run as administrator without needing any prompts. Since these are by definition on removable media, I can't simply use a filename or even a path. One of the users who shares the system can be considered 'crafty', so anything which temporarily grants administrator rights to an user account is certain to cause problems. What i'd like to be able to do: 1) Create an admin account that can only run programs from a whitelist (or, failing that, from a directory) I can't find a good way to do this: As far as I can tell, SRP applies equally to ALL users? Even if I put a "Deny" token on all directories on the system, such that new directories would inherit it, it could still potentially run things from the mounted USB devices. I also don't know whether it's possible to create a new directory that DOESN'T inherit from the parent, that would lake the deny token, and provide admin access. 2) Find a lightweight service that will run these programs in its local context Windows7 seems to block cross-privilege level communication by default, and I haven't found such for windows 7. One example seems to be "sudo" (http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~nfriess/sudo/) but because it uses a WLNOTIFY hook, it won't work under Vista nor Windows7 Non-Solutions: - RunAs: Requires administrator password! (but everyone calls it "sudo" anyway) - SuRun: From Google: "Surun uses its own Windows service that adds the user to the group of administrators during program start and removes him automatically from that group again"

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• Parallel shell loops

  - by brubelsabs

  Hi, I want to process many files and since I've here a bunch of cores I want to do it in parallel: for i in *.myfiles; do do_something $i `derived_params $i` other_params; done I know of a Makefile solution but my commands needs the arguments out of the shell globbing list. What I found is: > function pwait() { > while [ $(jobs -p | wc -l) -ge $1 ]; do > sleep 1 > done > } > To use it, all one has to do is put & after the jobs and a pwait call, the parameter gives the number of parallel processes: > for i in *; do > do_something $i & > pwait 10 > done But this doesn't work very well, e.g. I tried it with e.g. a for loop converting many files but giving me error and left jobs undone. I can't belive that this isn't done yet since the discussion on zsh mailing list is so old by now. So do you know any better?

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• Sudo won't execute command as another user

  - by TOdorus

  I'm trying to get a unicorn server to start when the server boots. I've created a shell script which works if I log as the ubuntu user and run /etc/init.d/unicorn start Shell script #!/bin/sh case "$1" in start) cd /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/ unicorn_rails -c /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/config/unicorn.rb -D -E production ;; stop) if ps aux | awk '{print $2 }' | grep `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid`> /dev/null; then kill `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/uni$ ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; esac When I rebooted the server I noticed that the unicorn server wasn't listening to a socket. Since I ran the code succesfully as the ubuntu user I modified the script to let it always use the ubuntu user via sudo. #!/bin/sh case "$1" in start) cd /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/ sudo -u ubuntu unicorn_rails -c /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/config/unicorn.rb -D -E production ;; stop) if ps aux | awk '{print $2 }' | grep `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid`> /dev/null; then sudo -u ubuntu kill `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/uni$ ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; esac After rebooting unicorn still wouldn't start, so I tried running the script from the command line. Now I get the following error sudo: unicorn_rails: command not found I've searched high and low to what could cause this, but I'm afraid I've tapped my limited understanding of Linux. From what I can understand is that although sudo should use the ubuntu user to execute the commands, it still uses the environment of the root user, which isn't configured to run ruby or unicorn. Does anybody have any experience with this?

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• Passive mode FTP file download hangs from specific machine

  - by chiptuned

  I have a server which is an AWS instance that just cannot download files from a specific FTP server. I can connect to the FTP server fine and run some commands, but when I request a file it just hangs. Here is the debug output of the base linux ftp client after login: ---> SYST 215 UNIX Type: Apache FtpServer Remote system type is UNIX. ftp> get outgoing/catalog.gz catalog.gz local: catalog.gz remote: outgoing/catalog.gz ---> PASV 227 Entering Passive Mode (64,156,167,125,135,191) ---> RETR outgoing/catalog.gz 150 File status okay; about to open data connection. Thats it. Then it just sits there and nothing transfers. I have verified that a data connection is made but the client gets no data. ? ss -nt dst 64.156.167.125 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:41190 64.156.167.125:21 ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:48871 64.156.167.125:48557 The FTP server is not in my control and downloads from other FTP servers in passive mode have worked. Active mode does not work as the system is behind a firewall. Every FTP client I've tried has the same problem. The download works from other systems, even from other AWS instances I have with the same Security Group. Not necessarily the same distro or config though. I understand it may be some issue on the server side, but I want to know what it is about my particular machine where the transfer hangs and where on every other machine I can get my hands on, it works. Please let me know what the culprit on the client side could be or ideas on what else to look at.

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• How can I document and automate a system's configuration?

  - by Diomidis Spinellis

  Having a system's configuration represented by its current state is risky, inefficient, and opaque. At some point you may be left with an unsupported system and no upgrade path. Then configuring a new system compatible with the old is a process or trial and error. Furthermore, if at some point the system is damaged the only option is to go back to the most recent full backup, and try to remember what changes followed from that point. Also, the only way to create a system compatible with the original is through a complete dump/restore. Finally, in such a setup there's no way to know how you solved a particular problem; the only thing you can do is to look at the corresponding configuration files and try to guess what you changed to achieve the desired effect. Currently for each system I maintain, I keep a log file where I record all system administration activity, starting from the installation: installation options, added packages, changes in configuration files, updates, problem fixes etc. In theory this allows me to (manually) replay all changes to arrive at the current state, or to unroll an erroneous change by executing the reverse commands. However, this process is also inefficient, error-prone, and relies on human judgment. Another thing I've tried is to put /etc configuration files under version control with git. This helps me document the changes automatically and also apply them on a clean setup. But it's not without problems: git has to run under sudo, passwords and private keys may be stored in the repository, installed packages can't be meaningfully tracked, and git will have a fit if I try to extend this approach to all the system's directories. I've also thought about performing all changes through shell scripts or makefiles, but I think this process will require a lot of effort and will be fragile. Are there some better methods or tools that I'm missing?

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• mdadm lvm and ext4 slowness - How can I speed it up?

  - by beatbreaker

  I can't figure out why I'm getting such terrible times out of my mdadm and in particular the lvm partitions in it. I made the raid: mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --chunk=1024 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] md0 : active raid5 sda1[0] sdd1[3] sdc1[2] sdb1[1] 2930279424 blocks level 5, 1024k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I then created the physical volume, volume group, and logical volumes, I then formatted the logical volumes to ext4 using the following commands I got from here: http://busybox.net/~aldot/mkfs_stride.html mkfs.ext3 -b 4096 -E stride=256,stripe-width=768 /dev/datavg/blah Now I'm confused, I had these lvs running real quick before in mdadm but now that I've 'optimized' everything it's slower, eg, before: /dev/datavg/lv_audio: Timing buffered disk reads: 598 MB in 3.01 seconds = 198.85 MB/sec but now after: /dev/datavg/audio: Timing buffered disk reads: 198 MB in 3.00 seconds = 65.96 MB/sec That's pitiful! What's happened here? Did I not follow the instructions correctly? Can i reshape the ext4 partitons to default back to what they were? (I used defaults before and they were fine!)

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• How to reduce memory consumption an AWS EC2 t1.micro instance (free tier) ubuntu server 14.04 LTS EBS

  - by CMPSoares

  Hi I'm working on my bachelor thesis and for that I need to host a node.js web application on AWS, in order to avoid costs I'm using a t1.micro instance with 30GB disk space (from what I know it's the maximum I get in the free tier) which is barely used. But instead I have problems with memory consumption, it's using all of it. I tried the approach of creating a virtual swap area as mentioned at Why don't EC2 ubuntu images have swap? with these commands: sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1M count=2048 && sudo chmod 600 /var/swapfile && sudo mkswap /var/swapfile && echo /var/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab && sudo swapon -a But this swap area isn't used somehow. Is something missing in this approach or is there another process of reducing the memory consumption in these type of AWS instances? Bottom-line: This originates server freezes and crashes and that's what I want to stop either by using the swap, reducing memory usage or both.

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• How do I fix a permissions problem with MS Distributed File System?

  - by charlesrandall

  I have a computer that is new, Windows 7, that is supposed to have access to particular network resources on a Distributed File System. However, despite all permissions being set correctly, I have consistent trouble accessing them. For instance, I'm supposed to be able to reach \company.org\main\subdir. All the permissions have been granted, only when I try to access it by name, it tells me I don't have permission to access \main. This is where the fun starts. If I ping company.org, get the IP, replace company.org by the IP, I can then access \IP\main\subdir without any problems at all. However we have a ton of scripts and build tools that access the network resource by name. My sysadmin has found that using MS's dfsutil.exe, we can fix it temporary using this sequence of commands: C:\dfsutil.exe /pktinfo C:\dfsutil.exe /PktFlush C:\dfsutil.exe /SpcFlush C:\dfsutil.exe /PurgeMupCache C:\dfsutil.exe /pktinfo After that, everything is great... until I reboot, or until some unspecified time later where suddenly I don't have access to \main\ anymore. Hoping to find a more permanent solution than waiting for it to break and running a batch file.

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• Why should you choose Oracle WebLogic 12c instead of JBoss EAP 6?

  - by Ricardo Ferreira

  In this post, I will cover some technical differences between Oracle WebLogic 12c and JBoss EAP 6, which was released a couple days ago from Red Hat. This article claims to help you in the evaluation of key points that you should consider when choosing for an Java EE application server. In the following sections, I will present to you some important aspects that most customers ask us when they are seriously evaluating for an middleware infrastructure, specially if you are considering JBoss for some reason. I would suggest that you keep the following question in mind while you are reading the points: "Why should I choose JBoss instead of WebLogic?" 1) Multi Datacenter Deployment and Clustering - D/R ("Disaster & Recovery") architecture support is embedded on the WebLogic Server 12c product. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no direct D/R support included, Red Hat relies on third-part tools with higher prices. When you consider a middleware solution to host your business critical application, you should worry with every architectural aspect that are related with the solution. Fail-over support is one little aspect of a truly reliable solution. If you do not worry about D/R, your solution will not be reliable. Having said that, with Red Hat and JBoss EAP 6, you have this extra cost that will increase considerably the total cost of ownership of the solution. As we commonly hear from analysts, open-source are not so cheaper when you start seeing the big picture. - WebLogic Server 12c supports advanced LAN clustering, detection of death servers and have a common alert framework. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has limited LAN clustering support with no server death detection. They do not generate any alerts when servers goes down (only if you buy JBoss ON which is a separated technology, but until now does not support JBoss EAP 6) and manual intervention are required when servers goes down. In most cases, admin people must rely on "kill -9", "tail -f someFile.log" and "ps ax | grep java" commands to manage failures and clustering anomalies. - WebLogic Server 12c supports the concept of Node Manager, which is a separated process that runs on the physical | virtual servers that allows extend the administration of the cluster to WebLogic managed servers that are often distributed across multiple machines and geographic locations. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no equivalent technology. Whole server instances must be managed individually. - WebLogic Server 12c Node Manager supports Coherence to boost performance when managing servers. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no similar technology. There is no way to coordinate JBoss and infiniband instances provided by JBoss using high throughput and low latency protocols like InfiniBand. The Node Manager feature also allows another very important feature that JBoss EAP lacks: secure the administration. When using WebLogic Node Manager, all the administration tasks are sent to the managed servers in a secure tunel protected by a certificate, which means that the transport layer that separates the WebLogic administration console from the managed servers are secured by SSL. - WebLogic Server 12c are now integrated with OTD ("Oracle Traffic Director") which is a web server technology derived from the former Sun iPlanet Web Server. This software complements the web server support offered by OHS ("Oracle HTTP Server"). Using OTD, WebLogic instances are load-balanced by a high powerful software that knows how to handle SDP ("Socket Direct Protocol") over InfiniBand, which boost performance when used with engineered systems technologies like Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand only offers support to Apache Web Server with custom modules created to deal with JBoss clusters, but only across standard TCP/IP networks.  2) Application and Runtime Diagnostics - WebLogic Server 12c have diagnostics capabilities embedded on the server called WLDF ("WebLogic Diagnostic Framework") so there is no need to rely on third-part tools. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no diagnostics capabilities. Their only diagnostics tool is the log generated by the application server. Admin people are encouraged to analyse thousands of log lines to find out what is going on. - WebLogic Server 12c complement WLDF with JRockit MC ("Mission Control"), which provides to administrators and developers a complete insight about the JVM performance, behavior and possible bottlenecks. WebLogic Server 12c also have an classloader analysis tool embedded, and even a log analyzer tool that enables administrators and developers to view logs of multiple servers at the same time. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand relies on third-part tools to do something similar. Again, only log searching are offered to find out whats going on. - WebLogic Server 12c offers end-to-end traceability and monitoring available through Oracle EM ("Enterprise Manager"), including monitoring of business transactions that flows through web servers, ESBs, application servers and database servers, all of this with high deep JVM analysis and diagnostics. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand, even using JBoss ON ("Operations Network"), which is a separated technology, does not support those features. Red Hat relies on third-part tools to provide direct Oracle database traceability across JVMs. One of those tools are Oracle EM for non-Oracle middleware that manage JBoss, Tomcat, Websphere and IIS transparently. - WebLogic Server 12c with their JRockit support offers a tool called JRockit Flight Recorder, which can give developers a complete visibility of a certain period of application production monitoring with zero extra overhead. This automatic recording allows you to deep analyse threads latency, memory leaks, thread contention, resource utilization, stack overflow damages and GC ("Garbage Collection") cycles, to observe in real time stop-the-world phenomenons, generational, reference count and parallel collects and mutator threads analysis. JBoss EAP 6 don't even dream to support something similar, even because they don't have their own JVM. 3) Application Server Administration - WebLogic Server 12c offers a complete administration console complemented with scripting and macro-like recording capabilities. A single WebLogic console can managed up to hundreds of WebLogic servers belonging to the same domain. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a limited console and provides a XML centric administration. JBoss, after ten years, started the development of a rudimentary centralized administration that still leave a lot of administration tasks aside, so admin people and developers must touch scripts and XML configuration files for most advanced and even simple administration tasks. This lead applications to error prone and risky deployments. Even using JBoss ON, JBoss EAP are not able to offer decent administration features for admin people which must be high skilled in JBoss internal architecture and its managing capabilities. - Oracle EM is available to manage multiple domains, databases, application servers, operating systems and virtualization, with a complete end-to-end visibility. JBoss ON does not provide management capabilities across the complete architecture, only basic monitoring. Even deployment must be done aside JBoss ON which does no integrate well with others softwares than JBoss. Until now, JBoss ON does not supports JBoss EAP 6, so even their minimal support for JBoss are not available for JBoss EAP 6 leaving customers uncovered and subject to high skilled JBoss admin people. - WebLogic Server 12c has the same administration model whatever is the topology selected by the customer. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand differentiates between two operational models: standalone-mode and domain-mode, that are not consistent with each other. Depending on the mode used, the administration skill is different. - WebLogic Server 12c has no point-of-failures processes, and it does not need to define any specialized server. Domain model in WebLogic is available for years (at least ten years or more) and is production proven. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand needs special processes to garantee JBoss integrity, the PC ("Process-Controller") and the HC ("Host-Controller"). Different from WebLogic, the domain model in JBoss is quite new (one year at tops) of maturity, and need to mature considerably until start doing things like WebLogic domain model does. - WebLogic Server 12c supports parallel deployment model which enables some artifacts being deployed at the same time. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does not have any similar feature. Every deployment are done atomically in the containers. This means that if you have a huge EAR (an EAR of 120 MB of size for instance) and deploy onto JBoss EAP 6, this EAR will take some minutes in order to starting accept thread requests. The same EAR deployed onto WebLogic Server 12c will reduce the deployment time at least in 2X compared to JBoss. 4) Support and Upgrades - WebLogic Server 12c has patch management available. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no patch management available, each JBoss EAP instance should be patched manually. To achieve such feature, you need to buy a separated technology called JBoss ON ("Operations Network") that manage this type of stuff. But until now, JBoss ON does not support JBoss EAP 6 so, in practice, JBoss EAP 6 does not have this feature. - WebLogic Server 12c supports previuous WebLogic domains without any reconfiguration since its kernel is robust and mature since its creation in 1995. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a proven lack of supportability between JBoss AS 4, 5, 6 and 7. Different kernels and messaging engines were implemented in JBoss stack in the last five years reveling their incapacity to create a well architected and proven middleware technology. - WebLogic Server 12c has patch prescription based on customer configuration. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such capability. People need to create ticket supports and have their installations revised by Red Hat support guys to gain some patch prescription from them. - Oracle WebLogic Server independent of the version has 8 years of support of new patches and has lifetime release of existing patches beyond that. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand provides patches for a specific application server version up to 5 years after the release date. JBoss EAP 4 and previous versions had only 4 years. A good question that Red Hat will argue to answer is: "what happens when you find issues after year 5"?  5) RAC ("Real Application Clusters") Support - WebLogic Server 12c ships with a specific JDBC driver to leverage Oracle RAC clustering capabilities (Fast-Application-Notification, Transaction Affinity, Fast-Connection-Failover, etc). Oracle JDBC thin driver are also available. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand ships only the standard Oracle JDBC thin driver. Load balancing with Oracle RAC are not supported. Manual intervention in case of planned or unplanned RAC downtime are necessary. In JBoss EAP 6, situation does not reestablish automatically after downtime. - WebLogic Server 12c has a feature called Active GridLink for Oracle RAC which provides up to 3X performance on OLTP applications. This seamless integration between WebLogic and Oracle database enable more value added to critical business applications leveraging their investments in Oracle database technology and Oracle middleware. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no performance gains at all, even when admin people implement some kind of connection-pooling tuning. - WebLogic Server 12c also supports transaction and web session affinity to the Oracle RAC, which provides aditional gains of performance. This is particularly interesting if you are creating a reliable solution that are distributed not only in an LAN cluster, but into a different data center. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such support. 6) Standards and Technology Support - WebLogic Server 12c is fully Java EE 6 compatible and production ready since december of 2011. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand became fully compatible with Java EE 6 only in the community version after three months, and production ready only in a few days considering that this article was written in June of 2012. Red Hat says that they are the masters of innovation and technology proliferation, but compared with Oracle and even other proprietary vendors like IBM, they historically speaking are lazy to deliver the most newest technologies and standards adherence. - Oracle is the steward of Java, driving innovation into the platform from commercial and open-source vendors. Red Hat on the other hand does not have its own JVM and relies on third-part JVMs to complete their application server offer. 95% of Red Hat customers are using Oracle HotSpot as JVM, which means that without Oracle involvement, their support are limited exclusively to the application server layer and we all know that most problems are happens in the JVM layer. - WebLogic Server 12c supports natively JDK 7, which empower developers to explore the maximum of the Java platform productivity when writing code. This feature differentiate WebLogic from others application servers (except GlassFish that are also managed by Oracle) because the usage of JDK 7 introduce such remarkable productivity features like the "try-with-resources" enhancement, catching multiple exceptions with one try block, Strings in the switch statements, JVM improvements in terms of JDBC, I/O, networking, security, concurrency and of course, the most important feature of Java 7: native support for multiple non-Java languages. More features regarding JDK 7 can be found here. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does not support JDK 7 officially, they comment in their community version that "Java SE 7 can be used with JBoss 7" which does not gives you any guarantees of enterprise support for JDK 7. - Oracle WebLogic Server 12c supports integration with Spring framework allowing Spring applications to use WebLogic special transaction manager, exposing bean interfaces to WebLogic MBeans to take advantage of all WebLogic monitoring and administration advantages. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no special integration with Spring. In fact, Red Hat offers a suspicious package called "JBoss Web Platform" that in theory supports Spring, but in practice this package does not offers any special integration. It is just a facility for Red Hat customers to have support from both JBoss and Spring technology using the same customer support. 7) Lightweight Development - Oracle WebLogic Server 12c and Oracle GlassFish are completely integrated and can share applications without any modifications. Starting with the 12c version, WebLogic now understands natively GlassFish deployment descriptors and specific configurations in order to offer you a truly and reliable migration path from a community Java EE application server to a enterprise middleware product like WebLogic. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no support to natively reuse an existing (or still in development) application from JBoss AS community server. Users of JBoss suffer of critical issues during deployment time that includes: changing the libraries and dependencies of the application, patching the DTD or XSD deployment descriptors, refactoring of the application layers due classloading issues and anomalies, rebuilding of persistence, business and web layers due issues with "usage of the certified version of an certain dependency" or "frameworks that Red Hat potentially does not recommend" etc. If you have the culture or enterprise IT directive of developing Java EE applications using community middleware to in a certain future, transition to enterprise (supported by a vendor) middleware, Oracle WebLogic plus Oracle GlassFish offers you a more sustainable solution. - WebLogic Server 12c has a very light ZIP distribution (less than 165 MB). JBoss EAP 6 ZIP size is around 130 MB, together with JBoss ON you have more 100 MB resulting in a higher download footprint. This is particularly interesting if you plan to use automated setup of application server instances (for example, to rapidly setup a development or staging environment) using Maven or Hudson. - WebLogic Server 12c has a complete integration with Maven allowing developers to setup WebLogic domains with few commands. Tasks like downloading WebLogic, installation, domain creation, data sources deployment are completely integrated. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a limited offer integration with those tools.  - WebLogic Server 12c has a startup mode called WLX that turns-off EJB, JMS and JCA containers leaving enabled only the web container with Java EE 6 web profile. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such feature, you need to disable manually the containers that you do not want to use. - WebLogic Server 12c supports fastswap, which enables you to change classes without redeployment. This is particularly interesting if you are developing patches for the application that is already deployed and you do not want to redeploy the entire application. This is the same behavior that most application servers offers to JSP pages, but with WebLogic Server 12c, you have the same feature for Java classes in general. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no such support. Even JBoss EAP 5 does not support this until now. 8) JMS and Messaging - WebLogic Server 12c has a proven and high scalable JMS implementation since its initial release in 1995. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a still immature technology called HornetQ, which was introduced in JBoss EAP 5 replacing everything that was implemented in the previous versions. Red Hat loves to introduce new technologies across JBoss versions, playing around with customers and their investments. And when they are asked about why they have changed the implementation and caused such a mess, their answer is always: "the previous implementation was inadequate and not aligned with the community strategy so we are creating a new a improved one". This Red Hat practice leads to uncomfortable investments that in a near future (sometimes less than a year) will be affected in someway. - WebLogic Server 12c has troubleshooting and monitoring features included on the WebLogic console and WLDF. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no direct monitoring on the console, activity is reflected only on the logs, no debug logs available in case of JMS issues. - WebLogic Server 12c has extremely good performance and scalability. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has a JMS storage mechanism relying on Oracle database or MySQL. This means that if an issue in production happens and Red Hat affirms that an performance issue is happening due to database problems, they will not support you on the performance issue. They will orient you to call Oracle instead. - WebLogic Server 12c supports messaging enterprise features like SAF ("Store and Forward"), Distributed Queues/Topics and Foreign JMS providers support that leverage JMS implementations without compromise developer code making things completely transparent. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand do not even dream to support such features. 9) Caching and Grid - Coherence, which is the leading and most mature data grid technology from Oracle, is available since early 2000 and was integrated with WebLogic in 2009. Coherence and WebLogic clusters can be both managed from WebLogic administrative console. Even Node Manager supports Coherence. JBoss on the other hand discontinued JBoss Cache, which was their caching implementation just like they did with the messaging implementation (JBossMQ) which was a issue for long term customers. JBoss EAP 6 ships InfiniSpan version 1.0 which is immature and lack a proven record of successful cases and reliability. - WebLogic Server 12c has a feature called ActiveCache which uses Coherence to, without any code changes, replicate HTTP sessions from both WebLogic and other application servers like JBoss, Tomcat, Websphere, GlassFish and even Microsoft IIS. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does have such support and even when they do in the future, they probably will support only their own application server. - Coherence can be used to manage both L1 and L2 cache levels, providing support to Oracle TopLink and others JPA compliant implementations, even Hibernate. JBoss EAP 6 and Infinispan on the other hand supports only Hibernate. And most important of all: Infinispan does not have any successful case of L1 or L2 caching level support using Hibernate, which lead us to reflect about its viability. 10) Performance - WebLogic Server 12c is certified with Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud and can run unchanged applications at this engineered system. This approach can benefit customers from Exalogic optimization's of both kernel and JVM layers to boost performance in terms of 10X for web, OLTP, JMS and grid applications. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no investment on engineered systems: customers do not have the choice to deploy on a Java ultra fast system if their project becomes relevant and performance issues are detected. - WebLogic Server 12c maintains a performance gain across each new release: starting on WebLogic 5.1, the overall performance gain has been close to 4X, which close to a 20% gain release by release. JBoss on the other hand does not provide SPECJAppServer or SPECJEnterprise performance benchmarks. Their so called "performance gains" remains hidden in their customer environments, which lead us to think if it is true or not since we will never get access to those environments. - WebLogic Server 12c has industry performance benchmarks with submissions across platforms and configurations leading SPECJ. Oracle WebLogic leads SPECJAppServer performance in multiple categories, fitting all customer topologies like: dual-node, single-node, multi-node and multi-node with RAC. JBoss... again, does not provide any SPECJAppServer performance benchmarks. - WebLogic Server 12c has a feature called work manager which allows your application to embrace new performance levels based on critical resource utilization of the CPUs usage. Work managers prioritizes work and allocates threads based on an execution model that takes into account administrator-defined parameters and actual run-time performance and throughput. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand has no compared feature and probably they never will. Not supporting such feature like work managers, JBoss EAP 6 forces admin people and specially developers to uncover performance gains in a intrusive way, rewriting the code and doing performance refactorings. 11) Professional Services Support - WebLogic Server 12c and any other technology sold by Oracle give customers the possibility of hire OCS ("Oracle Consulting Services") to manage critical scenarios, deployment assistance of new applications, high skilled consultancy of architecture, best practices and people allocation together with customer teams. All OCS services are available without any restrictions, having the customer bought software from Oracle or just starting their implementation before any acquisition. JBoss EAP 6 or Red Hat to be more specifically, only offers professional services if you buy subscriptions from them. If you are developing a new critical application for your business and need the help of Red Hat for a serious issue or architecture decision, they will probably say: "OK... I can help you but after you buy subscriptions from me". Red Hat also does not allows their professional services consultants to manage environments that uses community based software. They will probably force you to first buy a subscription, download their "enterprise" version and them, optionally hire their consultants. - Oracle provides you our university to educate your team into our technologies, including of course specialized trainings of WebLogic application server. At any time and location, you can hire Oracle to train your team so you get trustful knowledge according to your specific needs. Certifications for the products are also available if your technical people desire to differentiate themselves as professionals. Red Hat on the other hand have a limited pool of resources to train your team in their technologies. Basically they are selling training and certification for RHEL ("Red Hat Enterprise Linux") but if you demand more specialized training in JBoss middleware, they will probably connect you to some "certified" partner localized training since they are apparently discontinuing their education center, at least here in Brazil. They were not able to reproduce their success with RHEL education to their middleware division since they need first sell the subscriptions to after gives you specialized training. And again, they only offer you specialized training based on their enterprise version (EAP in the case of JBoss) which means that the courses will be a quite outdated. There are reports of developers that took official training's from Red Hat at this year (2012) and in a certain JBoss advanced course, Red Hat supposedly covered JBossMQ as the messaging subsystem, and even the printed material provided was based on JBossMQ since the training was created for JBoss EAP 4.3. 12) Encouraging Transparency without Ulterior Motives - WebLogic Server 12c like any other software from Oracle can be downloaded any time from anywhere, you should only possess an OTN ("Oracle Technology Network") credential and you can download any enterprise software how many times you want. And is not some kind of "trial" version. It is the official binaries that will be running for ever in your data center. Oracle does not encourages the usage of "specific versions" of our software. The binaries you buy from Oracle are the same binaries anyone in the world could download and use for testing and personal education. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand are not available for download unless you buy a subscription and get access to the Red Hat enterprise repositories. If you need to test, learn or just start creating your application using Red Hat's middleware software, you should download it from the community website. You are not allowed to download the enterprise version that, according to Red Hat are more secure, reliable and robust. But no one of us want to start the development of a software with an unsecured, unreliable and not scalable middleware right? So what you do? You are "invited" by Red Hat to buy subscriptions from them to get access to the "cool" version of the software. - WebLogic Server 12c prices are publicly available in the Oracle website. If you want to know right now how much WebLogic will cost to your organization, just click here and get access to our price list. In the case of WebLogic, check out the "US Oracle Technology Commercial Price List". Oracle also encourages you to get in touch with a sales representative to discuss discounts that would make possible the investment into our technology. But you are not required to do this, only if you are interested in buying our technology or maybe you want to discuss some discount scenarios. JBoss EAP 6 on the other hand does not have its cost publicly available in Red Hat's website or in any other media, at least is not so easy to get such information. The only link you will possibly find in their website is a "Contact a Sales Representative" link. This is not a very good relationship between an customer and an vendor. This is not an example of transparency, mainly when the software are sold as open. In this situations, customers expects to see the software prices publicly available, so they can have the chance to decide, based on the existing features of the software, if the cost is fair or not. Conclusion Oracle WebLogic is the most mature, secure, reliable and scalable Java EE application server of the market, and have a proven record of success around the globe to prove it's majority. Don't lose the chance to discover today how WebLogic could fit your needs and sustain your global IT middleware strategy, no matter if your strategy are completely based on the Cloud or not.

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• C# creating a queue to handle jobs triggered by FileSystemWatcher

  - by John S

  I have built a small tray app that will watch a folder and when a new file is added it runs a job. The job is to watch for video files and convert them to .mp4 using handBrakeCli. I have all this logic worked out. The problem I run into is that if there is more than one file I want it to queue the job til the prior one is complete. I am fairly new to c# and I am not sure of the best way to handle this. one idea is to create a queue somehow, a file to store the commands in order maybe, then execute the next one after the process is complete. We are dealing with large movie files here so it can take a while. I am doing this on a quad core with 8gb of RAM and it seems to generally take about 30mins to complete a full length movie. here is the code I have so far. there are some bits in here that are for future functionality so it refers to some classes that you wont see but it doesnt matter as they arent used here. any suggestions are welcome. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.IO; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading; namespace movie_converter { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); } string hbCli; string cmd; string file; string strfilter = "*.*"; string[] filter = new string[3] { ".mkv", ".avi", ".wmv" }; //static list of types List<string> Ext = new List<string>(); //list of extensions to watch (dynamic) NotifyIcon notifyIcon = new System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon(); private void SetUpTrayIcon() { notifyIcon.BalloonTipText = "Movie Converter is running minimized."; notifyIcon.BalloonTipTitle = "I'm still here"; notifyIcon.Text = "John's movie converter"; notifyIcon.Icon = new Icon(@"C:\\Users\\John\\Pictures\\appicon.ico"); notifyIcon.Click += new EventHandler(notifyIcon_Click); if (notifyIcon != null) { notifyIcon.Visible = true; notifyIcon.ShowBalloonTip(2000); } } private void Form_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized) { this.Hide(); SetUpTrayIcon(); } } private void notifyIcon_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Show(); this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal; notifyIcon.Visible = false; } public void Watcher() { FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher(); watcher.Path = textBox1.Text + "\\"; //path to watch watcher.Filter = strfilter; //what types to look for set to * and i will filter later as it cant accept an array watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName; //properties to look at watcher.IncludeSubdirectories = true; //scan subdirs watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged); //TODO: make this only run if the files are of a certain type watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; // start the watcher } static bool IsFileLocked(FileInfo file) { FileStream stream = null; try { stream = file.Open(FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None); } catch (IOException) { //the file is unavailable because it is: //still being written to //or being processed by another thread //or does not exist (has already been processed) return true; } finally { if (stream != null) stream.Close(); } //file is not locked return false; } // Define the event handlers. private void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e) { string sFile = e.FullPath; //check that file is available FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(sFile); while (IsFileLocked(fileInfo)) { Thread.Sleep(500); } if (System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("HandBrakeCLI").Length != 0) { Thread.Sleep(500); } else { //hbOptions hbCl = new hbOptions(); //hbCli = hbCl.HbCliOptions(); if (textBox3.Text != "") { hbCli = textBox3.Text.ToString(); } else { hbCli = "-e x264 -q 20 -B 160"; } string t = e.Name; string s = t.Substring(0, t.Length - 4); //TODO: fix this its not reliable file = e.FullPath; string opath = textBox1.Text.ToString(); cmd = "-i \"" + file + "\" -o \"" + opath + "\\" + s + ".mp4\" " + hbCli; try { for (int i = 0; i < Ext.Count(); i++) { if (e.Name.Contains(Ext[i])) { Process hb = new Process(); hb.StartInfo.FileName = "D:\\Apps\\Handbrake\\Install\\Handbrake\\HandBrakeCLI.exe"; hb.StartInfo.Arguments = cmd; notifyIcon.BalloonTipTitle = "Now Converting"; notifyIcon.BalloonTipText = file; notifyIcon.ShowBalloonTip(2000); hb.Start(); } } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } } } private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //ok button { //add each array item to the list for (int i = 0; i < filter.Count(); i++) { Ext.Add(filter[i]); } if (textBox1.Text != "" && textBox1.Text.Length > 2) { Watcher(); //call watcher to run } this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Minimized; } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //browse button { //broswe button DialogResult result = folderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog(); if (result == DialogResult.OK) { textBox1.Text = folderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath; } } private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //commands button { Process np = new Process(); np.StartInfo.FileName = "notepad.exe"; np.StartInfo.Arguments = "hbCLI.txt"; np.Start(); } private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //options button { hbOptions options = new hbOptions(); options.ShowDialog(); } private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //exit button { this.Close(); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.Resize += Form_Resize; } } }

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• I am getting this error on each machine after installing ruby and rails, I created one web site and

  - by Santodsh

  D:\PROJECTS\RubyOnRail\webapp\Welcome>ruby script\server => Booting WEBrick => Rails 2.3.4 application starting on http://0.0.0.0:3000 => Call with -d to detach => Ctrl-C to shutdown server [2010-01-31 21:19:34] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1 [2010-01-31 21:19:34] INFO ruby 1.8.6 (2007-09-24) [i386-mswin32] [2010-01-31 21:19:34] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer#start: pid=6576 port=3000 /!\ FAILSAFE /!\ Sun Jan 31 21:19:38 +0530 2010 Status: 500 Internal Server Error uninitialized constant Encoding c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/depend encies.rb:443:in `load_missing_constant' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/depend encies.rb:80:in `const_missing' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/depend encies.rb:92:in `const_missing' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/sqlite3-0.0.6/lib/sqlite3/encoding.rb:9:in `f ind' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/sqlite3-0.0.6/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:69:in ` initialize' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:13:in `new' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:13:in `sqlite3_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:223:in `send' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:223:in `new_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:245:in `checkout_new_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:188:in `checkout' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:184:in `loop' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:184:in `checkout' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in `synchronize' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:183:in `checkout' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:98:in `connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:326:in `retrieve_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:123:in `retrieve_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:115:in `connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/query_ca che.rb:9:in `cache' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/query_ca che.rb:28:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:361:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/head.rb:9:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in ` call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/params _parser.rb:15:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/sessio n/cookie_store.rb:93:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/failsa fe.rb:26:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `synchroniz e' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/dispat cher.rb:114:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/reload er.rb:34:in `run' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/dispat cher.rb:108:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/rails/rack/static.rb:31:in `c all' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:46:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in `each' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:i n `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in ` call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:50:in `service' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:104:in `service' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:65:in `run' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:173:in `start_thread' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start_thread' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:95:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `each' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:23:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:82:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:14:in `run' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/commands/server.rb:111 c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_origina l_require' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' script/server:3 /!\ FAILSAFE /!\ Sun Jan 31 21:19:39 +0530 2010 Status: 500 Internal Server Error uninitialized constant Encoding c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/depend encies.rb:443:in `load_missing_constant' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/depend encies.rb:80:in `const_missing' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.4/lib/active_support/depend encies.rb:92:in `const_missing' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/sqlite3-0.0.6/lib/sqlite3/encoding.rb:9:in `f ind' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/sqlite3-0.0.6/lib/sqlite3/database.rb:69:in ` initialize' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:13:in `new' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb:13:in `sqlite3_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:223:in `send' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:223:in `new_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:245:in `checkout_new_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:188:in `checkout' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:184:in `loop' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:184:in `checkout' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/monitor.rb:242:in `synchronize' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:183:in `checkout' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:98:in `connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:326:in `retrieve_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:123:in `retrieve_connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:115:in `connection' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/query_ca che.rb:9:in `cache' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/query_ca che.rb:28:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activerecord-2.3.4/lib/active_record/connecti on_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:361:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/head.rb:9:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:24:in ` call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/params _parser.rb:15:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/sessio n/cookie_store.rb:93:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/failsa fe.rb:26:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `synchroniz e' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/lock.rb:11:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/dispat cher.rb:114:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/reload er.rb:34:in `run' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/actionpack-2.3.4/lib/action_controller/dispat cher.rb:108:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/rails/rack/static.rb:31:in `c all' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:46:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in `each' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:40:in `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:i n `call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/content_length.rb:13:in ` call' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:50:in `service' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:104:in `service' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/httpserver.rb:65:in `run' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:173:in `start_thread' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:162:in `start_thread' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:95:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `each' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:92:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:23:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/1.8/webrick/server.rb:82:in `start' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rack-1.0.1/lib/rack/handler/webrick.rb:14:in `run' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.4/lib/commands/server.rb:111 c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_origina l_require' c:/ruby/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' script/server:3

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• Which functions in the C standard library commonly encourage bad practice?

  - by Ninefingers

  Hello all, This is inspired by this question and the comments on one particular answer in that I learnt that strncpy is not a very safe string handling function in C and that it pads zeros, until it reaches n, something I was unaware of. Specifically, to quote R.. strncpy does not null-terminate, and does null-pad the whole remainder of the destination buffer, which is a huge waste of time. You can work around the former by adding your own null padding, but not the latter. It was never intended for use as a "safe string handling" function, but for working with fixed-size fields in Unix directory tables and database files. snprintf(dest, n, "%s", src) is the only correct "safe strcpy" in standard C, but it's likely to be a lot slower. By the way, truncation in itself can be a major bug and in some cases might lead to privilege elevation or DoS, so throwing "safe" string functions that truncate their output at a problem is not a way to make it "safe" or "secure". Instead, you should ensure that the destination buffer is the right size and simply use strcpy (or better yet, memcpy if you already know the source string length). And from Jonathan Leffler Note that strncat() is even more confusing in its interface than strncpy() - what exactly is that length argument, again? It isn't what you'd expect based on what you supply strncpy() etc - so it is more error prone even than strncpy(). For copying strings around, I'm increasingly of the opinion that there is a strong argument that you only need memmove() because you always know all the sizes ahead of time and make sure there's enough space ahead of time. Use memmove() in preference to any of strcpy(), strcat(), strncpy(), strncat(), memcpy(). So, I'm clearly a little rusty on the C standard library. Therefore, I'd like to pose the question: What C standard library functions are used inappropriately/in ways that may cause/lead to security problems/code defects/inefficiencies? In the interests of objectivity, I have a number of criteria for an answer: Please, if you can, cite design reasons behind the function in question i.e. its intended purpose. Please highlight the misuse to which the code is currently put. Please state why that misuse may lead towards a problem. I know that should be obvious but it prevents soft answers. Please avoid: Debates over naming conventions of functions (except where this unequivocably causes confusion). "I prefer x over y" - preference is ok, we all have them but I'm interested in actual unexpected side effects and how to guard against them. As this is likely to be considered subjective and has no definite answer I'm flagging for community wiki straight away. I am also working as per C99.

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• .exe File becomes corrupted when downloaded from server

  - by Kerri

  Firstly: I'm a lowly web designer who knows just enough PHP to be dangerous and just enough about server administration to be, well, nothing. I probably won't understand you unless you're very clear! The setup: I've set up a website where the client uploads files to a specific directory, and those files are made available, through php, for download by users. The files are generally executable files over 50MB. The client does not want them zipped, as they feel their users aren't savvy enough to unzip them. I'm using the php below to force a download dialogue box and hide the directory where the files are located. It's Linux server, if that makes a difference. The problem: There is a certain file that becomes corrupt after the user tries to download it. It is an executable file, but when it's clicked on, a blank DOS window opens up. The original file, prior to download opens perfectly. There are several other similar files that go through the same exact download procedure, and all of those work just fine. Things I've tried: I've tried uploading the file zipped, then unzipping it on the server to make sure it wasn't becoming corrupt during upload, and no luck. I've also compared the binary code of the original file to the downloaded file that doesn't work, and their exactly the same (so the php isn't accidentally inserting anything extra into the file). Could it be an issue with the headers in my downloadFile function? I really am not sure how to troubleshoot this one… This is the download php, if it's relevant ($filenamereplace is defined elsewhere): downloadFile("../DOWNLOADS/files/$filenamereplace","$filenamereplace"); function downloadFile($file,$filename){ if(file_exists($file)) { header('Content-Description: File Transfer'); header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream'); header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"'); header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary'); header('Expires: 0'); header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0'); header('Pragma: public'); header('Content-Length: ' . filesize($file)); @ flush(); readfile($file); exit; } }

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