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• Python 2.7.3 memory error

  - by Tom Baker

  I have a specific case with python code. Every time I run the code, the RAM memory is increasing until it reaches 1.8 gb and crashes. import itertools import csv import pokersleuth cards = ['2s', '3s', '4s', '5s', '6s', '7s', '8s', '9s', 'Ts', 'Js', 'Qs', 'Ks', 'As', '2h', '3h', '4h', '5h', '6h', '7h', '8h', '9h', 'Th', 'Jh', 'Qh', 'Kh', 'Ah', '2c', '3c', '4c', '5c', '6c', '7c', '8c', '9c', 'Tc', 'Jc', 'Qc', 'Kc', 'Ac', '2d', '3d', '4d', '5d', '6d', '7d', '8d', '9d', 'Td', 'Jd', 'Qd', 'Kd', 'Ad'] flop = itertools.combinations(cards,3) a1 = 'Ks' ; a2 = 'Qs' b1 = 'Jc' ; b2 = 'Jd' cards1 = a1+a2 cards2 = b1+b2 number = 0 n=0 m=0 for row1 in flop: if (row1[0] <> a1 and row1[0] <>a2 and row1[0] <>b1 and row1[0] <>b2) and (row1[1] <> a1 and row1[1] <>a2 and row1[1] <>b1 and row1[1] <>b2) and (row1[2] <> a1 and row1[2] <> a2 and row1[2] <> b1 and row1[2] <> b2): for row2 in cards: if (row2 <> a1 and row2 <> a2 and row2 <> b1 and row2 <> b2 and row2 <> row1[0] and row2 <> row1[1] and row2 <> row1[2]): s = pokersleuth.compute_equity(row1[0]+row1[1]+row1[2]+row2, (cards1, cards2)) if s[0]>=0.5: number +=1 del s[:] del s[:] print number/45.0 number = 0 n+=1

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• NSTableView don't display data

  - by Tomas Svoboda

  HI, I have data in NSMutableArray and I want to display it in NSTableView, but only the number of cols has changed. This use of NSTableView is based on tutorial: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5teN5pMf-rs FinalImageBrowser is IBOutlet to NSTableView @implementation AppController NSMutableArray *listData; - (void)awakeFromNib { [FinalImageBrowser setDataSource:self]; } - (IBAction)StartReconstruction:(id)sender { NSMutableArray *ArrayOfFinals = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; //Array of list with final images NSString *FinalPicture; NSString *PicNum; int FromLine = [TextFieldFrom intValue]; //read number of start line int ToLine = [TextFieldTo intValue]; //read number of finish line int RecLine; for (RecLine = FromLine; RecLine < ToLine; RecLine++) //reconstruct from line to line { Start(RecLine); //start reconstruction //Create path of final image FinalPicture = @"FIN/final"; PicNum = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%d", RecLine]; FinalPicture = [FinalPicture stringByAppendingString:PicNum]; FinalPicture = [FinalPicture stringByAppendingString:@".bmp"]; [ArrayOfFinals addObject:FinalPicture]; // add path to array } listData = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; [listData autorelease]; [listData addObjectsFromArray:ArrayOfFinals]; [FinalImageBrowser reloadData]; NSBeep(); //make some noise NSImage *fin = [[NSImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:FinalPicture]; [FinalImage setImage:fin]; } - (int)numberOfRowsInTableView:(NSTableView *)tv { return [listData count]; } - (id)tableView:(NSTableView *)tv objectValueFromTableColumn:(NSTableColumn *)tableColumn row:(int)row { return (NSString *)[listData objectAtIndex:row]; } @end when the StartReconstruction end the number of cols have changed right, but they're empty. When I debug app, items in listData is rigth. Thanks

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• Protecting sensitive entity data

  - by Andreas

  Hi, I'm looking for some advice on architecture for a client/server solution with some peculiarities. The client is a fairly thick one, leaving the server mostly to peristence, concurrency and infrastructure concerns. The server contains a number of entities which contain both sensitive and public information. Think for example that the entities are persons, assume that social security number and name are sensitive and age is publicly viewable. When starting the client, the user is presented with a number of entities, not disclosing any sensitive information. At any time the user can choose to log in and authenticate against the server, given the authentication is successful the user is granted access to the sensitive information. The client is hosting a domain model and I was thinking of implementing this as some kind of "lazy loading", making the first request instantiating the entities and later refreshing them with sensitive data. The entity getters would throw exceptions on sensitive information when they've not been disclosed, f.e.: class PersonImpl : PersonEntity { private bool undisclosed; public override string SocialSecurityNumber { get { if (undisclosed) throw new UndisclosedDataException(); return base.SocialSecurityNumber; } } } Another more friendly approach could be to have a value object indicating that the value is undisclosed. get { if (undisclosed) return undisclosedValue; return base.SocialSecurityNumber; } Some concerns: What if the user logs in and then out, the sensitive data has been loaded but must be disclosed once again. One could argue that this type of functionality belongs within the domain and not some infrastructural implementation(i.e. repository implementations). As always when dealing with a larger number of properties there's a risk that this type of functionality clutters the code Any insights or discussion is appreciated!

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• Can a System Analyst come outside of programming?

  - by WeNeedAnswers

  Back in the day, if you wanted to be a Systems Analyst you had to work up the ranks from humble programmer. But these days there are University Courses/Programmes based on this topic alone. Is it thus valid for a graduate or post graduate to come into the world and just do systems analyst without doing the graft of being a programmer first, getting to know the nuances of what code is all about.

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• Questions about the Backpropogation Algorithm

  - by Colemangrill

  I have a few questions concerning backpropogation. I'm trying to learn the fundamentals behind neural network theory and wanted to start small, building a simple XOR classifier. I've read a lot of articles and skimmed multiple textbooks - but I can't seem to teach this thing the pattern for XOR. Firstly, I am unclear about the learning model for backpropogation. Here is some pseudo-code to represent how I am trying to train the network. [Lets assume my network is setup properly (ie: multiple inputs connect to a hidden layer connect to an output layer and all wired up properly)]. SET guess = getNetworkOutput() // Note this is using a sigmoid activation function. SET error = desiredOutput - guess SET delta = learningConstant * error * sigmoidDerivative(guess) For Each Node in inputNodes For Each Weight in inputNodes[n] inputNodes[n].weight[j] += delta; // At this point, I am assuming the first layer has been trained. // Then I recurse a similar function over the hidden layer and output layer. // The prime difference being that it further divi's up the adjustment delta. I realize this is probably not enough to go off of, and I will gladly expound on any part of my implementation. Using the above algorithm, my neural network does get trained, kind of. But not properly. The output is always XOR 1 1 [smallest number] XOR 0 0 [largest number] XOR 1 0 [medium number] XOR 0 1 [medium number] I can never train the [1,1] [0,0] to be the same value. If you have any suggestions, additional resources, articles, blogs, etc for me to look at I am very interested in learning more about this topic. Thank you for your assistance, I appreciate it greatly!

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• Problems with Threading in Python 2.5, KeyError: 51, Help debugging?

  - by vignesh-k

  I have a python script which runs a particular script large number of times (for monte carlo purpose) and the way I have scripted it is that, I queue up the script the desired number of times it should be run then I spawn threads and each thread runs the script once and again when its done. Once the script in a particular thread is finished, the output is written to a file by accessing a lock (so my guess was that only one thread accesses the lock at a given time). Once the lock is released by one thread, the next thread accesses it and adds its output to the previously written file and rewrites it. I am not facing a problem when the number of iterations is small like 10 or 20 but when its large like 50 or 150, python returns a KeyError: 51 telling me element doesn't exist and the error it points out to is within the lock which puzzles me since only one thread should access the lock at once and I do not expect an error. This is the class I use: class errorclass(threading.Thread): def __init__(self, queue): self.__queue=queue threading.Thread.__init__(self) def run(self): while 1: item = self.__queue.get() if item is None: break result = myfunction() lock = threading.RLock() lock.acquire() ADD entries from current thread to entries in file and REWRITE FILE lock.release() queue = Queue.Queue() for i in range(threads): errorclass(queue).start() for i in range(desired iterations): queue.put(i) for i in range(threads): queue.put(None) Python returns with KeyError: 51 for large number of desired iterations during the adding/write file operation after lock access, I am wondering if this is the correct way to use the lock since every thread has a lock operation rather than every thread accessing a shared lock? What would be the way to rectify this?

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• Is this an acceptable use of "ASCII arithmetic"?

  - by jmgant

  I've got a string value of the form 10123X123456 where 10 is the year, 123 is the day number within the year, and the rest is unique system-generated stuff. Under certain circumstances, I need to add 400 to the day number, so that the number above, for example, would become 10523X123456. My first idea was to substring those three characters, convert them to an integer, add 400 to it, convert them back to a string and then call replace on the original string. That works. But then it occurred to me that the only character I actually need to change is the third one, and that the original value would always be 0-3, so there would never be any "carrying" problems. It further occurred to me that the ASCII code points for the numbers are consecutive, so adding the number 4 to the character "0", for example, would result in "4", and so forth. So that's what I ended up doing. My question is, is there any reason that won't always work? I generally avoid "ASCII arithmetic" on the grounds that it's not cross-platform or internationalization friendly. But it seems reasonable to assume that the code points for numbers will always be sequential, i.e., "4" will always be 1 more than "3". Anybody see any problem with this reasoning? Here's the code. string input = "10123X123456"; input[2] += 4; //Output should be 10523X123456

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• How to write a simple Lexer/Parser with antlr 2.7?

  - by Burkhard

  Hello, I have a complex grammar (in antlr 2.7) which I need to extend. Having never used antlr before, I wanted to write a very simple Lexer and Parser first. I found a very good explanation for antlr3 and tried to adapt it: header{ #include <iostream> using namespace std; } options { language="Cpp"; } class P2 extends Parser; /* This will be the entry point of our parser. */ eval : additionExp ; /* Addition and subtraction have the lowest precedence. */ additionExp : multiplyExp ( "+" multiplyExp | "-" multiplyExp )* ; /* Multiplication and addition have a higher precedence. */ multiplyExp : atomExp ( "*" atomExp | "/" atomExp )* ; /* An expression atom is the smallest part of an expression: a number. Or when we encounter parenthesis, we're making a recursive call back to the rule 'additionExp'. As you can see, an 'atomExp' has the highest precedence. */ atomExp : Number | "(" additionExp ")" ; /* A number: can be an integer value, or a decimal value */ number : ("0".."9")+ ("." ("0".."9")+)? ; /* We're going to ignore all white space characters */ protected ws : (" " | "\t" | "\r" | "\n") { newline(); } ; It does generate four files without errors: P2.cpp, P2.hpp, P2TokenTypes.hpp and P2TokenTypes.txt. But now what? How do I create a working programm with that? I tried to add these files to a VS2005-WinConsole-Project but it does not compile: p2.cpp(277) : fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header. Did you forget to add '#include "stdafx.h"' to your source?

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• Extending / changing how Zend_Search_Lucene searches

  - by Grant Collins

  Hi, I am currently using Zend_Search_Lucene to index and search a number of documents currently at around a 1000 or so. What I would like to do is change how the engine scores hits on a document, from the current default. Zend_Search_Lucene scores on the frequency of number of hits within a document, so a document that has 10 matches of the word PHP will score higher than a document with only 3 matches of PHP. What I am trying to do is pass a number of key words and score depending on the hits of those keywords. e.g. I pass 5 key words say,PHP, MySQL, Javascript, HTML and CSS that I search against the index. One document has 3 matches to those key words and one document has all 4 matches, the 4 matches scores the highest. The number of instances of those words in the document do not concern me. Now I've had a quick look at Zend_Search_Lucene_Search_Similarity however I have to confess that I am not sure (or that bright) to know how to use this to achieve what I am after. Is what I want to do possible using Lucene or is there a better solution out there?

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• How to refactor this duplicated LINQ code?

  - by benrick

  I am trying to figure out how to refactor this LINQ code nicely. This code and other similar code repeats within the same file as well as in other files. Sometime the data being manipulated is identical and sometimes the data changes and the logic remains the same. Here is an example of duplicated logic operating on different fields of different objects. public IEnumerable<FooDataItem> GetDataItemsByColor(IEnumerable<BarDto> dtos) { double totalNumber = dtos.Where(x => x.Color != null).Sum(p => p.Number); return from stat in dtos where stat.Color != null group stat by stat.Color into gr orderby gr.Sum(p => p.Number) descending select new FooDataItem { Color = gr.Key, NumberTotal = gr.Sum(p => p.Number), NumberPercentage = gr.Sum(p => p.Number) / totalNumber }; } public IEnumerable<FooDataItem> GetDataItemsByName(IEnumerable<BarDto> dtos) { double totalData = dtos.Where(x => x.Name != null).Sum(v => v.Data); return from stat in dtos where stat.Name != null group stat by stat.Name into gr orderby gr.Sum(v => v.Data) descending select new FooDataItem { Name = gr.Key, DataTotal = gr.Sum(v => v.Data), DataPercentage = gr.Sum(v => v.Data) / totalData }; } Anyone have a good way of refactoring this?

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• How to solve linker error in matrix multiplication in c using lapack library?

  - by Malar

  I did Matrix multiplication using lapack library, I am getting an error like below. Can any one help me? "error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void __cdecl dgemm(char,char,int *,int *,int *,double *,double *,int *,double *,int *,double *,double *,int *)" (?dgemm@@YAXDDPAH00PAN1010110@Z) referenced in function _main" 1..\bin\matrixMultiplicationUsingLapack.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals I post my code below # define matARowSize 2 // -- Matrix 1 number of rows # define matAColSize 2 // -- Matrix 1 number of cols # define matBRowSize 2 // -- Matrix 2 number of rows # define matBColSize 2 // -- Matrix 2 number of cols using namespace std; void dgemm(char, char, int *, int *, int *, double *, double *, int *, double *, int *, double *, double *, int *); int main() { double iMatrixA[matARowSize*matAColSize]; // -- Input matrix 1 {m x n} double iMatrixB[matBRowSize*matBColSize]; // -- Input matrix 2 {n x k} double iMatrixC[matARowSize*matBColSize]; // -- Output matrix {m x n * n x k = m x k} double alpha = 1.0f; double beta = 0.0f; int n = 2; iMatrixA[0] = 1; iMatrixA[1] = 1; iMatrixA[2] = 1; iMatrixA[3] = 1; iMatrixB[0] = 1; iMatrixB[1] = 1; iMatrixB[2] = 1; iMatrixB[3] = 1; //dgemm('N','N',&n,&n,&n,&alpha,iMatrixA,&n,iMatrixB,&n,&beta,iMatrixC,&n); dgemm('N','N',&n,&n,&n,&alpha,iMatrixA,&n,iMatrixB,&n,&beta,iMatrixC,&n); std::cin.get(); return 0; }

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• How to duplicate all data in a table except for a single column that should be changed.

  - by twiga

  I have a question regarding a unified insert query against tables with different data structures (Oracle). Let me elaborate with an example: tb_customers ( id NUMBER(3), name VARCHAR2(40), archive_id NUMBER(3) ) tb_suppliers ( id NUMBER(3), name VARCHAR2(40), contact VARCHAR2(40), xxx, xxx, archive_id NUMBER(3) ) The only column that is present in all tables is [archive_id]. The plan is to create a new archive of the dataset by copying (duplicating) all records to a different database partition and incrementing the archive_id for those records accordingly. [archive_id] is always part of the primary key. My problem is with select statements to do the actual duplication of the data. Because the columns are variable, I am struggling to come up with a unified select statement that will copy the data and update the archive_id. One solution (that works), is to iterate over all the tables in a stored procedure and do a: CREATE TABLE temp as (SELECT * from ORIGINAL_TABLE); UPDATE temp SET archive_id=something; INSERT INTO temp (select * from temp); DROP TABLE temp; I do not like this solution very much as the DDL commands muck up all restore points. Does anyone else have any solution?

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• Information about PTE's (Page Table Entries) in Windows

  - by Patrick

  In order to find more easily buffer overflows I am changing our custom memory allocator so that it allocates a full 4KB page instead of only the wanted number of bytes. Then I change the page protection and size so that if the caller writes before or after its allocated piece of memory, the application immediately crashes. Problem is that although I have enough memory, the application never starts up completely because it runs out of memory. This has two causes: since every allocation needs 4 KB, we probably reach the 2 GB limit very soon. This problem could be solved if I would make a 64-bit executable (didn't try it yet). even when I only need a few hundreds of megabytes, the allocations fail at a certain moment. The second problem is the biggest one, and I think it's related to the maximum number of PTE's (page table entries, which store information on how Virtual Memory is mapped to physical memory, and whether pages should be read-only or not) you can have in a process. My questions (or a cry-for-tips): Where can I find information about the maximum number of PTE's in a process? Is this different (higher) for 64-bit systems/applications or not? Can the number of PTE's be configured in the application or in Windows? Thanks, Patrick PS. note for those who will try to argument that you shouldn't write your own memory manager: My application is rather specific so I really want full control over memory management (can't give any more details) Last week we had a memory overwrite which we couldn't find using the standard C++ allocator and the debugging functionality of the C/C++ run time (it only said "block corrupt" minutes after the actual corruption") We also tried standard Windows utilities (like GFLAGS, ...) but they slowed down the application by a factor of 100, and couldn't find the exact position of the overwrite either We also tried the "Full Page Heap" functionality of Application Verifier, but then the application doesn't start up either (probably also running out of PTE's)

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• Multiple Solution Layout for ASP.NET Web Portal?

  - by Jared S

  At work, we've developed a custom ASP.NET Web Portal (That's very similar to iGoogle). We have "Apps" (self-contained, large web forms) and "Modules" (similar to Google Gadgets). Currently, we use a single-solution model. Right now, we have: 3 core projects 60 application projects 80 module projects To reduce copy and pasting between projects, we're going to factor out common functionality (Data Access, Business Logic) into separate projects. I'd also like to introduce Unit Tests, which is going to increase the number of projects even more. We've already reached the point where Visual Studio is choking on the number of projects. We generally only load the 3 core projects and then whatever app's/module's project we're working on. Would a different solution structure help us out? Our number of projects is only going to increase. In general, an app or module only references the 3 core projects. Soon, apps/modules may start referencing the Data Access/Business Logic projects. But in general, apps and modules do not make references between themselves. So to recap, what is the best practice for solution structure when there are MANY projects that use a small number of core projects?

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• Delphi: EInvalidOp in neural network class (TD-lambda)

  - by user89818

  I have the following draft for a neural network class. This neural network should learn with TD-lambda. It is started by calling the getRating() function. But unfortunately, there is an EInvalidOp (invalid floading point operation) error after about 1000 iterations in the following lines: neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda Why is this error? I can't find the mistake in my code :( Can you help me? Thank you very much in advance! unit uNeuronalesNetz; interface uses Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Dialogs, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls, Grids, Menus, Math; const NEURONS_INPUT = 43; // number of neurons in the input layer NEURONS_HIDDEN = 60; // number of neurons in the hidden layer NEURONS_OUTPUT = 1; // number of neurons in the output layer NEURONS_TOTAL = NEURONS_INPUT+NEURONS_HIDDEN+NEURONS_OUTPUT; // total number of neurons in the network MAX_TIMESTEPS = 42; // maximum number of timesteps possible (after 42 moves: board is full) LEARNING_RATE_INPUT = 0.25; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN = 0.15; // in ideal case: decrease gradually in course of training GAMMA = 0.9; LAMBDA = 0.7; // decay parameter for eligibility traces type TFeatureVector = Array[1..43] of SmallInt; // definition of the array type TFeatureVector TArtificialNeuralNetwork = class // definition of the class TArtificialNeuralNetwork private // GENERAL SETTINGS START learningMode: Boolean; // does the network learn and change its weights? // GENERAL SETTINGS END // NETWORK CONFIGURATION START neuronsInput: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Extended; // array of all input neurons (their values) for every timestep neuronsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of all hidden neurons (their values) neuronsOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of output neurons (their values) weightsInput: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Extended; // array of weights: input->hidden weightsHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of weights: hidden->output // NETWORK CONFIGURATION END // LEARNING SETTINGS START outputBefore: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's output value in the last timestep (the one before) eligibilityTraceHidden: Array[1..NEURONS_INPUT] of Array[1..NEURONS_HIDDEN] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: hidden layer eligibilityTraceOutput: Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Array[1..NEURONS_TOTAL] of Extended; // array of eligibility traces: output layer reward: Array[1..MAX_TIMESTEPS] of Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the reward value for all output neurons in every timestep tdError: Array[1..NEURONS_OUTPUT] of Extended; // the network's error value for every single output neuron t: Byte; // current timestep cyclesTrained: Integer; // number of cycles trained so far (learning rates could be decreased accordingly) last50errors: Array[1..50] of Extended; // LEARNING SETTINGS END public constructor Create; // create the network object and do the initialization procedure UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the hidden and output layer procedure tdLearning; // learning algorithm: adjust the network's weights procedure ForwardPropagation; // propagate the input values through the network to the output layer function getRating(state: TFeatureVector; explorative: Boolean): Extended; // get the rating for a given state (feature vector) function HyperbolicTangent(x: Extended): Extended; // calculate the hyperbolic tangent [-1;1] procedure StartNewCycle; // start a new cycle with everything set to default except for the weights procedure setLearningMode(activated: Boolean=TRUE); // switch the learning mode on/off procedure setInputs(state: TFeatureVector); // transfer the given feature vector to the input layer (set input neurons' values) procedure setReward(currentReward: SmallInt); // set the reward for the current timestep (with learning then or without) procedure nextTimeStep; // increase timestep t function getCyclesTrained(): Integer; // get the number of cycles trained so far procedure Visualize(imgHidden: Pointer); // visualize the neural network's hidden layer end; implementation procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.UpdateEligibilityTraces; var i, j, k: Integer; begin // how worthy is a weight to be adjusted? for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*neuronsHidden[j]; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := LAMBDA*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]+(neuronsOutput[k]*(1-neuronsOutput[k]))*weightsHidden[j][k]*neuronsHidden[j]*(1-neuronsHidden[j])*neuronsInput[t][i]; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setReward; VAR i: Integer; begin for i := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin // +1 = player A wins // 0 = draw // -1 = player B wins reward[t][i] := currentReward; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.tdLearning; var i, j, k: Integer; begin if learningMode then begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin if reward[t][k] = 0 then begin tdError[k] := GAMMA*neuronsOutput[k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value when reward is 0 end else begin tdError[k] := reward[t][k]-outputBefore[k]; // network's error value in the final state (reward received) end; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := weightsHidden[j][k]+LEARNING_RATE_HIDDEN*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k]; // adjust hidden->output weights according to TD-lambda for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := weightsInput[i][j]+LEARNING_RATE_INPUT*tdError[k]*eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k]; // adjust input->hidden weights according to TD-lambda end; end; end; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.ForwardPropagation; var i, j, k: Integer; begin for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsHidden[j] := neuronsHidden[j]+neuronsInput[t][i]*weightsInput[i][j]; // input -> hidden end; neuronsHidden[j] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsHidden[j]); // activation of hidden neuron j end; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsOutput[k] := neuronsOutput[k]+neuronsHidden[j]*weightsHidden[j][k]; // hidden -> output end; neuronsOutput[k] := HyperbolicTangent(neuronsOutput[k]); // activation of output neuron k end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setLearningMode; begin learningMode := activated; end; constructor TArtificialNeuralNetwork.Create; var i, j, k: Integer; begin inherited Create; Randomize; // initialize random numbers generator learningMode := TRUE; cyclesTrained := -2; // only set to -2 because it will be increased twice in the beginning StartNewCycle; for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin weightsHidden[j][k] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin weightsInput[i][j] := abs(Random-0.5); // initialize weights: 0 <= random < 0.5 end; end; for i := 1 to 50 do begin last50errors[i] := 0; end; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.nextTimeStep; begin t := t+1; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.StartNewCycle; var i, j, k, m: Integer; begin t := 1; // start in timestep 1 cyclesTrained := cyclesTrained+1; // increase the number of cycles trained so far for j := 1 to NEURONS_HIDDEN do begin neuronsHidden[j] := 0; for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceOutput[j][k] := 0; outputBefore[k] := 0; neuronsOutput[k] := 0; for m := 1 to MAX_TIMESTEPS do begin reward[m][k] := 0; end; end; for i := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_OUTPUT do begin eligibilityTraceHidden[i][j][k] := 0; end; end; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getCyclesTrained; begin result := cyclesTrained; end; procedure TArtificialNeuralNetwork.setInputs; var k: Integer; begin for k := 1 to NEURONS_INPUT do begin neuronsInput[t][k] := state[k]; end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.getRating; begin setInputs(state); ForwardPropagation; result := neuronsOutput[1]; if not explorative then begin tdLearning; // adjust the weights according to TD-lambda ForwardPropagation; // calculate the network's output again outputBefore[1] := neuronsOutput[1]; // set outputBefore which will then be used in the next timestep UpdateEligibilityTraces; // update the eligibility traces for the next timestep nextTimeStep; // go to the next timestep end; end; function TArtificialNeuralNetwork.HyperbolicTangent; begin if x > 5500 then // prevent overflow result := 1 else result := (Exp(2*x)-1)/(Exp(2*x)+1); end; end.

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• How to extract data from F# list

  - by David White

  Following up my previous question, I'm slowly getting the hang of FParsec (though I do find it particularly hard to grok). My next newbie F# question is, how do I extract data from the list the parser creates? For example, I loaded the sample code from the previous question into a module called Parser.fs, and added a very simple unit test in a separate module (with the appropriate references). I'm using XUnit: open Xunit [<Fact>] let Parse_1_ShouldReturnListContaining1 () = let interim = Parser.parse("1") Assert.False(List.isEmpty(interim)) let head = interim.Head // I realise that I have only one item in the list this time Assert.Equal("1", ???) Interactively, when I execute parse "1" the response is: val it : Element list = [Number "1"] and by tweaking the list of valid operators, I can run parse "1+1" to get: val it : Element list = [Number "1"; Operator "+"; Number "1"] What do I need to put in place of my ??? in the snippet above? And how do I check that it is a Number, rather than an Operator, etc.?

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• DBD::CSV: Problem with userdefined functions

  - by sid_com

  From the SQL::Statement::Functions documentation: Creating User-Defined Functions ... More complex functions can make use of a number of arguments always passed to functions automatically. Functions always receive these values in @_: sub FOO { my( $self, $sth, $rowhash, @params ); } #!/usr/bin/env perl use 5.012; use warnings; use strict; use DBI; my $dbh = DBI->connect( "DBI:CSV:", undef, undef, { RaiseError => 1, } ); my $table = 'wages'; my $array_ref = [ [ 'id', 'number' ], [ 0, 6900 ], [ 1, 3200 ], [ 2, 1800 ], ]; $dbh->do( "CREATE TEMP TABLE $table AS import( ? )", {}, $array_ref ); sub routine { my $self = shift; my $sth = shift; my $rowhash = shift; # return $_[0] / 30; }; $dbh->do( "CREATE FUNCTION routine" ); my $sth = $dbh->prepare( "SELECT id, routine( number ) AS result FROM $table" ); $sth->execute(); $sth->dump_results(); When I try this I get an error-message: DBD::CSV::st execute failed: Use of uninitialized value $_[0] in division (/) at ./so.pl line 27. [for Statement "SELECT id, routine( number ) AS result FROM "wages""] at ./so.pl line 34. When I comment out the third argument I works as expected ( because it looks as if the third argument is missing ): #!/usr/bin/env perl ... sub routine { my $self = shift; my $sth = shift; #my $rowhash = shift; return $_[0] / 30; }; ... 0, 230 1, 106.667 2, 60 3 rows Is this a bug?

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• C programming - How to print numbers with a decimal component using only loops?

  - by californiagrown

  I'm currently taking a basic intro to C programming class, and for our current assignment I am to write a program to convert the number of kilometers to miles using loops--no if-else, switch statements, or any other construct we haven't learned yet are allowed. So basically we can only use loops and some operators. The program will generate three identical tables (starting from 1 kilometer through the input value) for one number input using the while loop for the first set of calculations, the for loop for the second, and the do loop for the third. I've written the entire program, however I'm having a bit of a problem with getting it to recognize an input with a decimal component. Here is what I have for the while loop conversions: #include <stdio.h> #define KM_TO_MILE .62 main (void) { double km, mi, count; printf ("This program converts kilometers to miles.\n"); do { printf ("\nEnter a positive non-zero number"); printf (" of kilometers of the race: "); scanf ("%lf", &km); getchar(); }while (km <= 1); printf ("\n KILOMETERS MILES (while loop)\n"); printf (" ========== =====\n"); count = 1; while (count <= km) { mi = KM_TO_MILE * count; printf ("%8.3lf %14.3lf\n", count, mi); ++count; } getchar(); } The code reads in and converts integers fine, but because the increment only increases by 1 it won't print a number with a decimal component (e.g. 3.2, 22.6, etc.). Can someone point me in the right direction on this? I'd really appreciate any help! :)

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• Navigating the timeline

  - by Dean 'Deacon' Beard

  O.K, being a little new to this, I have hit a brick wall, I'm using AS3 in Flash CS5. All I want to do is have a tweened animation which stops at a frame and which has a clickable button to access another part of the maintime line. Also there will be a button on the animation to skip it. How does one set this up? Obviously you need a stop(); at the stop frame of the time line and an event listener and function for both buttons right? Any more help besides that. I have it set up like this; totalSlides:Number = 60; currentSlideNumber:Number = 1; skipbutton.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,skipbuttonPress); function skipbuttonPress(evt:MouseEvent):void{ currentframelabel = currentframelabel+1; if(currentSlideNumber>=0){ currentframelabel = introstop; } framelabel.gotoAndStop(introstop); } and the frame it stops on is set up as follows stop(); totalSlides:Number = 60; currentSlideNumber:Number = 5; click01.addEventListener(MouseEvent.CLICK,click01Press); function click01Press( evt : MouseEvent ) : void { currentSlideNumber = currentSlideNumber+1; if (currentSlideNumber >= 0) { currentSlideNumber = 25; } framelabel.gotoAndStop(mainpage); } As I need this for a project, any help would be greatly valued. Many Thanks

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• Drawing line graphics leads Flash to spiral out of control!

  - by drpepper

  Hi, I'm having problems with some AS3 code that simply draws on a Sprite's Graphics object. The drawing happens as part of a larger procedure called on every ENTER_FRAME event of the stage. Flash neither crashes nor returns an error. Instead, it starts running at 100% CPU and grabs all the memory that it can, until I kill the process manually or my computer buckles under the pressure when it gets up to around 2-3 GB. This will happen at a random time, and without any noticiple slowdown beforehand. WTF? Has anyone seen anything like this? PS: I used to do the drawing within a MOUSE_MOVE event handler, which brought this problem on even faster. PPS: I'm developing on Linux, but reproduced the same problem on Windows. UPDATE: You asked for some code, so here we are. The drawing function looks like this: public static function drawDashedLine(i_graphics : Graphics, i_from : Point, i_to : Point, i_on : Number, i_off : Number) : void { const vecLength : Number = Point.distance(i_from, i_to); i_graphics.moveTo(i_from.x, i_from.y); var dist : Number = 0; var lineIsOn : Boolean = true; while(dist < vecLength) { dist = Math.min(vecLength, dist + (lineIsOn ? i_on : i_off)); const p : Point = Point.interpolate(i_from, i_to, 1 - dist / vecLength); if(lineIsOn) i_graphics.lineTo(p.x, p.y); else i_graphics.moveTo(p.x, p.y); lineIsOn = !lineIsOn; } } and is called like this (m_graphicsLayer is a Sprite): m_graphicsLayer.graphics.clear(); if (m_destinationPoint) { m_graphicsLayer.graphics.lineStyle(2, m_fixedAim ? 0xff0000 : 0x333333, 1); drawDashedLine(m_graphicsLayer.graphics, m_initialPos, m_destinationPoint, 10, 10); }

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• Regular Expressions .NET

  - by Fosa

  I need a regular expression for some arguments that must match on a string. here it is... The string exists out of minimum 8 en maximum 20 characters. These characters of this string may be characters of the alfabet or special chars --With other words..all charachters except from the whitespaces In the complete string there must be atleast 1 number. The string cannot start with a number or an underscore The last 2 characters of the string must be identical, But it doenst matter if those last --identical characters are capital or non-capital (case insensitive) Must match all : +234567899 a_1de*Gg xy1Me*__ !41deF_hij2lMnopq3ss C234567890123$^67800 *5555555 sDF564zer"" !!!!!!!!!4!!!!!!!!!! abcdefghijklmnopq9ss May not match : Cannot be less then 8 or more then 20 chars: a_1+Eff B41def_hIJ2lmnopq3stt Cannot contain a whitespace: A_4 e*gg b41def_Hij2l nopq3ss Cannot start with a number or an underscore: __1+Eff 841DEf_hij2lmnopq3stt cannot end on 2 diffrent characters: a_1+eFg b41DEf_hij2lmnopq3st Cannot be without a number in the string: abCDefghijklmnopqrss abcdef+++dF !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ------------------------------------------------------ This is what I have so far...But I'm really breaking my head on this... If you Don't know the answer completely it's not a problem... I just want to get in the right direction ([^0-9_])(?=.*\d)(\S{8,20})(?i:[\S])\1

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• Why would I use Dropbox *and* Git for my Emacs initialization file?

  - by Michiel Borkent

  I hear a lot of Emacs users have their init file under git version control and sync the git repository over Dropbox, when they run Emacs on multiple systems. Why would you use git in this situation exactly? Usually checking which system you're on and which things to load and set depending on that can happen in one and the same init file for all systems, right? So, isn't it simply enough to put your init file in a Dropbox directory and load that one directly from Emacs then?

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• C++ Loop - Need variable to accumulate sum

  - by user1780064

  I'm writing a program to ask the user to enter a value between 5 and 21 (inclusive). If the number entered is not in this range, it prints, "Please try again". If the number is within the range, I need to take that number, and print the sum of all the numbers from 1 to the value entered. So if the user entered "7", the sum would be "28". I successfully wrote the first loop, in the case of the number not being within the range, but cannot figure out how to run the second loop- whether to use a while, do-while, or for loop. Please advise. #include <iostream> int main () { int uservalue; int count; int sum; //Prompt user for input do { cout << "Enter a value from 5 to 21: "; cin >> uservalue; if (uservalue < 5 || uservalue > 21) cout << "Value out of range. Try again..." << endl; } while (uservalue < 5 || uservalue > 21); cout << endl; //Loop to accumulate sum for (count = 1, count < uservalue, count++;) { sum = uservalue + count; if (uservalue <= 5 || uservalue <= 21) cout << the sum is " << sum << endl; } return 0; }

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• Is there a "standard" way to implement Software Activation for .NET?

  - by dermdaly

  I've been looking at software activation systems for .NET and frankly found the websites out there underwhelming. I'm wondering if there's a "standard" way to do it in .NET? If not, does anyone with experience of them have a recommendation? I understand the arguments for and against activation systems, but still need to evaluate. Thanks.

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• Another Synergy issue: screen lock on Windows Server 2003

  - by pmr

  I have set up Synergy on Unix systems with no problems, however when I set up a Synergy server on a Windows Server 2003 box using I get an error message that the mouse cursor is locked when trying to move to the client system. I use a Microsoft Natural keyboard in case that matters (seems Scroll Lock might be involved). Does anyone have experience with using Synergy on Windows systems that have reported mouse screen locking in the log when unable to mouse over to a client system?

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