sys debug - Page 209 - Developer IT

What is wrong with this sql statement?

- by chandru_cp

I am trying to fetch records based on two dates from sql server... Select * from table where CreatedDate between @StartDate and @EndDate and i pass 5/12/2010 and 5/12/2010 (ie) fetching records for today... I have 17 records dated 5/12/2010 but none seems to get selected.... EDIT: I use this but when i debug my value it shows 5/12/2010 12:00:00AM DateTime baseDate = DateTime.Today; var today = baseDate; GetBookingReportByDate(today,today);

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DLL consumes 100 % CPU usage.

- by Vikram

A particular com dll which i created to do some operations, when loaded in memory it consumes 100% CPU usage. Because when i rename the dll or unload it CPU usage goes normal state. How to debug the issue?

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Custom ASP.NET Routing to an HttpHandler

- by Rick Strahl

As of version 4.0 ASP.NET natively supports routing via the now built-in System.Web.Routing namespace. Routing features are automatically integrated into the HtttpRuntime via a few custom interfaces. New Web Forms Routing Support In ASP.NET 4.0 there are a host of improvements including routing support baked into Web Forms via a RouteData property available on the Page class and RouteCollection.MapPageRoute() route handler that makes it easy to route to Web forms. To map ASP.NET Page routes is as simple as setting up the routes with MapPageRoute:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuote", "StockQuote/{symbol}", "StockQuote.aspx"); routes.MapPageRoute("StockQuotes", "StockQuotes/{symbolList}", "StockQuotes.aspx"); } and then accessing the route data in the page you can then use the new Page class RouteData property to retrieve the dynamic route data information:public partial class StockQuote1 : System.Web.UI.Page { protected StockQuote Quote = null; protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { string symbol = RouteData.Values["symbol"] as string; StockServer server = new StockServer(); Quote = server.GetStockQuote(symbol); // display stock data in Page View } } Simple, quick and doesn’t require much explanation. If you’re using WebForms most of your routing needs should be served just fine by this simple mechanism. Kudos to the ASP.NET team for putting this in the box and making it easy! How Routing Works To handle Routing in ASP.NET involves these steps: Registering Routes Creating a custom RouteHandler to retrieve an HttpHandler Attaching RouteData to your HttpHandler Picking up Route Information in your Request code Registering routes makes ASP.NET aware of the Routes you want to handle via the static RouteTable.Routes collection. You basically add routes to this collection to let ASP.NET know which URL patterns it should watch for. You typically hook up routes off a RegisterRoutes method that fires in Application_Start as I did in the example above to ensure routes are added only once when the application first starts up. When you create a route, you pass in a RouteHandler instance which ASP.NET caches and reuses as routes are matched. Once registered ASP.NET monitors the routes and if a match is found just prior to the HttpHandler instantiation, ASP.NET uses the RouteHandler registered for the route and calls GetHandler() on it to retrieve an HttpHandler instance. The RouteHandler.GetHandler() method is responsible for creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is to handle the request and – if necessary – to assign any additional custom data to the handler. At minimum you probably want to pass the RouteData to the handler so the handler can identify the request based on the route data available. To do this you typically add a RouteData property to your handler and then assign the property from the RouteHandlers request context. This is essentially how Page.RouteData comes into being and this approach should work well for any custom handler implementation that requires RouteData. It’s a shame that ASP.NET doesn’t have a top level intrinsic object that’s accessible off the HttpContext object to provide route data more generically, but since RouteData is directly tied to HttpHandlers and not all handlers support it it might cause some confusion of when it’s actually available. Bottom line is that if you want to hold on to RouteData you have to assign it to a custom property of the handler or else pass it to the handler via Context.Items[] object that can be retrieved on an as needed basis. It’s important to understand that routing is hooked up via RouteHandlers that are responsible for loading HttpHandler instances. RouteHandlers are invoked for every request that matches a route and through this RouteHandler instance the Handler gains access to the current RouteData. Because of this logic it’s important to understand that Routing is really tied to HttpHandlers and not available prior to handler instantiation, which is pretty late in the HttpRuntime’s request pipeline. IOW, Routing works with Handlers but not with earlier in the pipeline within Modules. Specifically ASP.NET calls RouteHandler.GetHandler() from the PostResolveRequestCache HttpRuntime pipeline event. Here’s the call stack at the beginning of the GetHandler() call: which fires just before handler resolution. Non-Page Routing – You need to build custom RouteHandlers If you need to route to a custom Http Handler or other non-Page (and non-MVC) endpoint in the HttpRuntime, there is no generic mapping support available. You need to create a custom RouteHandler that can manage creating an instance of an HttpHandler that is fired in response to a routed request. Depending on what you are doing this process can be simple or fairly involved as your code is responsible based on the route data provided which handler to instantiate, and more importantly how to pass the route data on to the Handler. Luckily creating a RouteHandler is easy by implementing the IRouteHandler interface which has only a single GetHttpHandler(RequestContext context) method. In this method you can pick up the requestContext.RouteData, instantiate the HttpHandler of choice, and assign the RouteData to it. Then pass back the handler and you’re done.Here’s a simple example of GetHttpHandler() method that dynamically creates a handler based on a passed in Handler type./// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } Note that this code checks for a specific type of handler and if it matches assigns the RouteData to this handler. This is optional but quite a common scenario if you want to work with RouteData. If the handler you need to instantiate isn’t under your control but you still need to pass RouteData to Handler code, an alternative is to pass the RouteData via the HttpContext.Items collection:IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; requestContext.HttpContext.Items["RouteData"] = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } The code in the handler implementation can then pick up the RouteData from the context collection as needed:RouteData routeData = HttpContext.Current.Items["RouteData"] as RouteData This isn’t as clean as having an explicit RouteData property, but it does have the advantage that the route data is visible anywhere in the Handler’s code chain. It’s definitely preferable to create a custom property on your handler, but the Context work-around works in a pinch when you don’t’ own the handler code and have dynamic code executing as part of the handler execution. An Example of a Custom RouteHandler: Attribute Based Route Implementation In this post I’m going to discuss a custom routine implementation I built for my CallbackHandler class in the West Wind Web & Ajax Toolkit. CallbackHandler can be very easily used for creating AJAX, REST and POX requests following RPC style method mapping. You can pass parameters via URL query string, POST data or raw data structures, and you can retrieve results as JSON, XML or raw string/binary data. It’s a quick and easy way to build service interfaces with no fuss. As a quick review here’s how CallbackHandler works: You create an Http Handler that derives from CallbackHandler You implement methods that have a [CallbackMethod] Attribute and that’s it. Here’s an example of an CallbackHandler implementation in an ashx.cs based handler:// RestService.ashx.cs public class RestService : CallbackHandler { [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } } CallbackHandler makes it super easy to create a method on the server, pass data to it via POST, QueryString or raw JSON/XML data, and then retrieve the results easily back in various formats. This works wonderful and I’ve used these tools in many projects for myself and with clients. But one thing missing has been the ability to create clean URLs. Typical URLs looked like this: http://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuote&symbol=msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebToolkit/samples/Rest/StockService.ashx?Method=GetStockQuotes&symbolList=msft,intc,gld,slw,mwe&format=xml which works and is clear enough, but also clearly very ugly. It would be much nicer if URLs could look like this: http://www.west-wind.com//WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuote/msfthttp://www.west-wind.com/WestwindWebtoolkit/Samples/StockQuotes/msft,intc,gld,slw?format=xml (the Virtual Root in this sample is WestWindWebToolkit/Samples and StockQuote/{symbol} is the route)(If you use FireFox try using the JSONView plug-in make it easier to view JSON content) So, taking a clue from the WCF REST tools that use RouteUrls I set out to create a way to specify RouteUrls for each of the endpoints. The change made basically allows changing the above to: [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="RestService/StockQuote/{symbol}")] public StockQuote GetStockQuote(string symbol) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); return server.GetStockQuote(symbol); } [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl = "RestService/StockQuotes/{symbolList}")] public StockQuote[] GetStockQuotes(string symbolList) { StockServer server = new StockServer(); string[] symbols = symbolList.Split(new char[2] { ',',';' },StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); return server.GetStockQuotes(symbols); } where a RouteUrl is specified as part of the Callback attribute. And with the changes made with RouteUrls I can now get URLs like the second set shown earlier. So how does that work? Let’s find out… How to Create Custom Routes As mentioned earlier Routing is made up of several steps: Creating a custom RouteHandler to create HttpHandler instances Mapping the actual Routes to the RouteHandler Retrieving the RouteData and actually doing something useful with it in the HttpHandler In the CallbackHandler routing example above this works out to something like this: Create a custom RouteHandler that includes a property to track the method to call Set up the routes using Reflection against the class Looking for any RouteUrls in the CallbackMethod attribute Add a RouteData property to the CallbackHandler so we can access the RouteData in the code of the handler Creating a Custom Route Handler To make the above work I created a custom RouteHandler class that includes the actual IRouteHandler implementation as well as a generic and static method to automatically register all routes marked with the [CallbackMethod(RouteUrl="…")] attribute. Here’s the code:/// <summary> /// Route handler that can create instances of CallbackHandler derived /// callback classes. The route handler tracks the method name and /// creates an instance of the service in a predictable manner /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler type</typeparam> public class CallbackHandlerRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { /// <summary> /// Method name that is to be called on this route. /// Set by the automatically generated RegisterRoutes /// invokation. /// </summary> public string MethodName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// The type of the handler we're going to instantiate. /// Needed so we can semi-generically instantiate the /// handler and call the method on it. /// </summary> public Type CallbackHandlerType { get; set; } /// <summary> /// Constructor to pass in the two required components we /// need to create an instance of our handler. /// </summary> /// <param name="methodName"></param> /// <param name="callbackHandlerType"></param> public CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(string methodName, Type callbackHandlerType) { MethodName = methodName; CallbackHandlerType = callbackHandlerType; } /// <summary> /// Retrieves an Http Handler based on the type specified in the constructor /// </summary> /// <param name="requestContext"></param> /// <returns></returns> IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; // If we're dealing with a Callback Handler // pass the RouteData for this route to the Handler if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; } /// <summary> /// Generic method to register all routes from a CallbackHandler /// that have RouteUrls defined on the [CallbackMethod] attribute /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TCallbackHandler">CallbackHandler Type</typeparam> /// <param name="routes"></param> public static void RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler>(RouteCollection routes) { // find all methods var methods = typeof(TCallbackHandler).GetMethods(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public); foreach (var method in methods) { var attrs = method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (attrs.Length < 1) continue; CallbackMethodAttribute attr = attrs[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(attr.RouteUrl)) continue; // Add the route routes.Add(method.Name, new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler)))); } } } The RouteHandler implements IRouteHandler, and its responsibility via the GetHandler method is to create an HttpHandler based on the route data. When ASP.NET calls GetHandler it passes a requestContext parameter which includes a requestContext.RouteData property. This parameter holds the current request’s route data as well as an instance of the current RouteHandler. If you look at GetHttpHandler() you can see that the code creates an instance of the handler we are interested in and then sets the RouteData property on the handler. This is how you can pass the current request’s RouteData to the handler. The RouteData object also has a RouteData.RouteHandler property that is also available to the Handler later, which is useful in order to get additional information about the current route. In our case here the RouteHandler includes a MethodName property that identifies the method to execute in the handler since that value no longer comes from the URL so we need to figure out the method name some other way. The method name is mapped explicitly when the RouteHandler is created and here the static method that auto-registers all CallbackMethods with RouteUrls sets the method name when it creates the routes while reflecting over the methods (more on this in a minute). The important point here is that you can attach additional properties to the RouteHandler and you can then later access the RouteHandler and its properties later in the Handler to pick up these custom values. This is a crucial feature in that the RouteHandler serves in passing additional context to the handler so it knows what actions to perform. The automatic route registration is handled by the static RegisterRoutes<TCallbackHandler> method. This method is generic and totally reusable for any CallbackHandler type handler. To register a CallbackHandler and any RouteUrls it has defined you simple use code like this in Application_Start (or other application startup code):protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { // Register Routes for RestService CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<RestService>(RouteTable.Routes); } If you have multiple CallbackHandler style services you can make multiple calls to RegisterRoutes for each of the service types. RegisterRoutes internally uses reflection to run through all the methods of the Handler, looking for CallbackMethod attributes and whether a RouteUrl is specified. If it is a new instance of a CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is created and the name of the method and the type are set. routes.Add(method.Name, new Route(attr.RouteUrl, new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler(method.Name, typeof(TCallbackHandler) )) ); While the routing with CallbackHandlerRouteHandler is set up automatically for all methods that use the RouteUrl attribute, you can also use code to hook up those routes manually and skip using the attribute. The code for this is straightforward and just requires that you manually map each individual route to each method you want a routed: protected void Application_Start(objectsender, EventArgs e){ RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);}void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.Add("StockQuote Route",new Route("StockQuote/{symbol}", new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuote",typeof(RestService) ) ) ); routes.Add("StockQuotes Route",new Route("StockQuotes/{symbolList}", new CallbackHandlerRouteHandler("GetStockQuotes",typeof(RestService) ) ) );}I think it’s clearly easier to have CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes() do this automatically for you based on RouteUrl attributes, but some people have a real aversion to attaching logic via attributes. Just realize that the option to manually create your routes is available as well. Using the RouteData in the Handler A RouteHandler’s responsibility is to create an HttpHandler and as mentioned earlier, natively IHttpHandler doesn’t have any support for RouteData. In order to utilize RouteData in your handler code you have to pass the RouteData to the handler. In my CallbackHandlerRouteHandler when it creates the HttpHandler instance it creates the instance and then assigns the custom RouteData property on the handler:IHttpHandler handler = Activator.CreateInstance(CallbackHandlerType) as IHttpHandler; if (handler is CallbackHandler) ((CallbackHandler)handler).RouteData = requestContext.RouteData; return handler; Again this only works if you actually add a RouteData property to your handler explicitly as I did in my CallbackHandler implementation:/// <summary> /// Optionally store RouteData on this handler /// so we can access it internally /// </summary> public RouteData RouteData {get; set; } and the RouteHandler needs to set it when it creates the handler instance. Once you have the route data in your handler you can access Route Keys and Values and also the RouteHandler. Since my RouteHandler has a custom property for the MethodName to retrieve it from within the handler I can do something like this now to retrieve the MethodName (this example is actually not in the handler but target is an instance pass to the processor): // check for Route Data method name if (target is CallbackHandler) { var routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; if (routeData != null) methodToCall = ((CallbackHandlerRouteHandler)routeData.RouteHandler).MethodName; } When I need to access the dynamic values in the route ( symbol in StockQuote/{symbol}) I can retrieve it easily with the Values collection (RouteData.Values["symbol"]). In my CallbackHandler processing logic I’m basically looking for matching parameter names to Route parameters: // look for parameters in the routeif(routeData != null){ string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType);} And with that we’ve come full circle. We’ve created a custom RouteHandler() that passes the RouteData to the handler it creates. We’ve registered our routes to use the RouteHandler, and we’ve utilized the route data in our handler. For completeness sake here’s the routine that executes a method call based on the parameters passed in and one of the options is to retrieve the inbound parameters off RouteData (as well as from POST data or QueryString parameters):internal object ExecuteMethod(string method, object target, string[] parameters, CallbackMethodParameterType paramType, ref CallbackMethodAttribute callbackMethodAttribute) { HttpRequest Request = HttpContext.Current.Request; object Result = null; // Stores parsed parameters (from string JSON or QUeryString Values) object[] adjustedParms = null; Type PageType = target.GetType(); MethodInfo MI = PageType.GetMethod(method, BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic); if (MI == null) throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid Server Method."); object[] methods = MI.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CallbackMethodAttribute), false); if (methods.Length < 1) throw new InvalidOperationException("Server method is not accessible due to missing CallbackMethod attribute"); if (callbackMethodAttribute != null) callbackMethodAttribute = methods[0] as CallbackMethodAttribute; ParameterInfo[] parms = MI.GetParameters(); JSONSerializer serializer = new JSONSerializer(); RouteData routeData = null; if (target is CallbackHandler) routeData = ((CallbackHandler)target).RouteData; int parmCounter = 0; adjustedParms = new object[parms.Length]; foreach (ParameterInfo parameter in parms) { // Retrieve parameters out of QueryString or POST buffer if (parameters == null) { // look for parameters in the route if (routeData != null) { string parmString = routeData.Values[parameter.Name] as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // GET parameter are parsed as plain string values - no JSON encoding else if (HttpContext.Current.Request.HttpMethod == "GET") { // Look up the parameter by name string parmString = Request.QueryString[parameter.Name]; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = ReflectionUtils.StringToTypedValue(parmString, parameter.ParameterType); } // POST parameters are treated as methodParameters that are JSON encoded else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) //string newVariable = methodParameters.GetValue(parmCounter) as string; adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject( Request.Params["parm" + (parmCounter + 1).ToString()], parameter.ParameterType); } else if (paramType == CallbackMethodParameterType.Json) adjustedParms[parmCounter] = serializer.Deserialize(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); else adjustedParms[parmCounter] = SerializationUtils.DeSerializeObject(parameters[parmCounter], parameter.ParameterType); parmCounter++; } Result = MI.Invoke(target, adjustedParms); return Result; } The code basically uses Reflection to loop through all the parameters available on the method and tries to assign the parameters from RouteData, QueryString or POST variables. The parameters are converted into their appropriate types and then used to eventually make a Reflection based method call. What’s sweet is that the RouteData retrieval is just another option for dealing with the inbound data in this scenario and it adds exactly two lines of code plus the code to retrieve the MethodName I showed previously – a seriously low impact addition that adds a lot of extra value to this endpoint callback processing implementation. Debugging your Routes If you create a lot of routes it’s easy to run into Route conflicts where multiple routes have the same path and overlap with each other. This can be difficult to debug especially if you are using automatically generated routes like the routes created by CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes. Luckily there’s a tool that can help you out with this nicely. Phill Haack created a RouteDebugging tool you can download and add to your project. The easiest way to do this is to grab and add this to your project is to use NuGet (Add Library Package from your Project’s Reference Nodes): which adds a RouteDebug assembly to your project. Once installed you can easily debug your routes with this simple line of code which needs to be installed at application startup:protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { CallbackHandlerRouteHandler.RegisterRoutes<StockService>(RouteTable.Routes); // Debug your routes RouteDebug.RouteDebugger.RewriteRoutesForTesting(RouteTable.Routes); } Any routed URL then displays something like this: The screen shows you your current route data and all the routes that are mapped along with a flag that displays which route was actually matched. This is useful – if you have any overlap of routes you will be able to see which routes are triggered – the first one in the sequence wins. This tool has saved my ass on a few occasions – and with NuGet now it’s easy to add it to your project in a few seconds and then remove it when you’re done. Routing Around Custom routing seems slightly complicated on first blush due to its disconnected components of RouteHandler, route registration and mapping of custom handlers. But once you understand the relationship between a RouteHandler, the RouteData and how to pass it to a handler, utilizing of Routing becomes a lot easier as you can easily pass context from the registration to the RouteHandler and through to the HttpHandler. The most important thing to understand when building custom routing solutions is to figure out how to map URLs in such a way that the handler can figure out all the pieces it needs to process the request. This can be via URL routing parameters and as I did in my example by passing additional context information as part of the RouteHandler instance that provides the proper execution context. In my case this ‘context’ was the method name, but it could be an actual static value like an enum identifying an operation or category in an application. Basically user supplied data comes in through the url and static application internal data can be passed via RouteHandler property values. Routing can make your application URLs easier to read by non-techie types regardless of whether you’re building Service type or REST applications, or full on Web interfaces. Routing in ASP.NET 4.0 makes it possible to create just about any extensionless URLs you can dream up and custom RouteHanmdler References Sample ProjectIncludes the sample CallbackHandler service discussed here along with compiled versionsof the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies. (requires .NET 4.0/VS 2010) West Wind Web Toolkit includes full implementation of CallbackHandler and the Routing Handler West Wind Web Toolkit Source CodeContains the full source code to the Westwind.Web and Westwind.Utilities assemblies usedin these samples. Includes the source described in the post.(Latest build in the Subversion Repository) CallbackHandler Source(Relevant code to this article tree in Westwind.Web assembly) JSONView FireFoxPluginA simple FireFox Plugin to easily view JSON data natively in FireFox.For IE you can use a registry hack to display JSON as raw text.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in ASP.NET AJAX HTTP

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What’s New in ASP.NET 4.0 Part Two: WebForms and Visual Studio Enhancements

- by Rick Strahl

In the last installment I talked about the core changes in the ASP.NET runtime that I’ve been taking advantage of. In this column, I’ll cover the changes to the Web Forms engine and some of the cool improvements in Visual Studio that make Web and general development easier. WebForms The WebForms engine is the area that has received most significant changes in ASP.NET 4.0. Probably the most widely anticipated features are related to managing page client ids and of ViewState on WebForm pages. Take Control of Your ClientIDs Unique ClientID generation in ASP.NET has been one of the most complained about “features” in ASP.NET. Although there’s a very good technical reason for these unique generated ids - they guarantee unique ids for each and every server control on a page - these unique and generated ids often get in the way of client-side JavaScript development and CSS styling as it’s often inconvenient and fragile to work with the long, generated ClientIDs. In ASP.NET 4.0 you can now specify an explicit client id mode on each control or each naming container parent control to control how client ids are generated. By default, ASP.NET generates mangled client ids for any control contained in a naming container (like a Master Page, or a User Control for example). The key to ClientID management in ASP.NET 4.0 are the new ClientIDMode and ClientIDRowSuffix properties. ClientIDMode supports four different ClientID generation settings shown below. For the following examples, imagine that you have a Textbox control named txtName inside of a master page control container on a WebForms page. <%@Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication1.WebForm2" %> <asp:Content ID="content" ContentPlaceHolderID="content" runat="server" ClientIDMode="Static" > <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" /> </asp:Content> The four available ClientIDMode values are: AutoID This is the existing behavior in ASP.NET 1.x-3.x where full naming container munging takes place. <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> This should be familiar to any ASP.NET developer and results in fairly unpredictable client ids that can easily change if the containership hierarchy changes. For example, removing the master page changes the name in this case, so if you were to move a block of script code that works against the control to a non-Master page, the script code immediately breaks. Static This option is the most deterministic setting that forces the control’s ClientID to use its ID value directly. No naming container naming at all is applied and you end up with clean client ids: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="txtName" /> Note that the name property which is used for postback variables to the server still is munged, but the ClientID property is displayed simply as the ID value that you have assigned to the control. This option is what most of us want to use, but you have to be clear on that because it can potentially cause conflicts with other controls on the page. If there are several instances of the same naming container (several instances of the same user control for example) there can easily be a client id naming conflict. Note that if you assign Static to a data-bound control, like a list child control in templates, you do not get unique ids either, so for list controls where you rely on unique id for child controls, you’ll probably want to use Predictable rather than Static. I’ll write more on this a little later when I discuss ClientIDRowSuffix. Predictable The previous two values are pretty self-explanatory. Predictable however, requires some explanation. To me at least it’s not in the least bit predictable. MSDN defines this value as follows: This algorithm is used for controls that are in data-bound controls. The ClientID value is generated by concatenating the ClientID value of the parent naming container with the ID value of the control. If the control is a data-bound control that generates multiple rows, the value of the data field specified in the ClientIDRowSuffix property is added at the end. For the GridView control, multiple data fields can be specified. If the ClientIDRowSuffix property is blank, a sequential number is added at the end instead of a data-field value. Each segment is separated by an underscore character (_). The key that makes this value a bit confusing is that it relies on the parent NamingContainer’s ClientID to build its own ClientID value. This effectively means that the value is not predictable at all but rather very tightly coupled to the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For my simple textbox example, if the ClientIDMode property of the parent naming container (Page in this case) is set to “Predictable” you’ll get this: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="content_txtName" /> which gives an id that based on walking up to the currently active naming container (the MasterPage content container) and starting the id formatting from there downward. Think of this as a semi unique name that’s guaranteed unique only for the naming container. If, on the other hand, the Page is set to “AutoID” you get the following with Predictable on txtName: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> The latter is effectively the same as if you specified AutoID because it inherits the AutoID naming from the Page and Content Master Page control of the page. But again - predictable behavior always depends on the parent naming container and how it generates its id, so the id may not always be exactly the same as the AutoID generated value because somewhere in the NamingContainer chain the ClientIDMode setting may be set to a different value. For example, if you had another naming container in the middle that was set to Static you’d end up effectively with an id that starts with the NamingContainers id rather than the whole ctl000_content munging. The most common use for Predictable is likely to be for data-bound controls, which results in each data bound item getting a unique ClientID. Unfortunately, even here the behavior can be very unpredictable depending on which data-bound control you use - I found significant differences in how template controls in a GridView behave from those that are used in a ListView control. For example, GridView creates clean child ClientIDs, while ListView still has a naming container in the ClientID, presumably because of the template container on which you can’t set ClientIDMode. Predictable is useful, but only if all naming containers down the chain use this setting. Otherwise you’re right back to the munged ids that are pretty unpredictable. Another property, ClientIDRowSuffix, can be used in combination with ClientIDMode of Predictable to force a suffix onto list client controls. For example: <asp:GridView runat="server" ID="gvItems" AutoGenerateColumns="false" ClientIDMode="Static" ClientIDRowSuffix="Id"> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtName" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' ClientIDMode="Predictable"/> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtId" Text='<%# Eval("Id") %>' ClientIDMode="Predictable" /> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> generates client Ids inside of a column in the master page described earlier: <td> <span id="txtName_0">Rick</span> </td> where the value after the underscore is the ClientIDRowSuffix field - in this case “Id” of the item data bound to the control. Note that all of the child controls require ClientIDMode=”Predictable” in order for the ClientIDRowSuffix to be applied, and the parent GridView controls need to be set to Static either explicitly or via Naming Container inheritance to give these simple names. It’s a bummer that ClientIDRowSuffix doesn’t work with Static to produce this automatically. Another real problem is that other controls process the ClientIDMode differently. For example, a ListView control processes the Predictable ClientIDMode differently and produces the following with the Static ListView and Predictable child controls: <span id="ctrl0_txtName_0">Rick</span> I couldn’t even figure out a way using ClientIDMode to get a simple ID that also uses a suffix short of falling back to manually generated ids using <%= %> expressions instead. Given the inconsistencies inside of list controls using <%= %>, ids for the ListView might not be a bad idea anyway. Inherit The final setting is Inherit, which is the default for all controls except Page. This means that controls by default inherit the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For more detailed information on ClientID behavior and different scenarios you can check out a blog post of mine on this subject: http://www.west-wind.com/weblog/posts/54760.aspx. ClientID Enhancements Summary The ClientIDMode property is a welcome addition to ASP.NET 4.0. To me this is probably the most useful WebForms feature as it allows me to generate clean IDs simply by setting ClientIDMode="Static" on either the page or inside of Web.config (in the Pages section) which applies the setting down to the entire page which is my 95% scenario. For the few cases when it matters - for list controls and inside of multi-use user controls or custom server controls) - I can use Predictable or even AutoID to force controls to unique names. For application-level page development, this is easy to accomplish and provides maximum usability for working with client script code against page controls. ViewStateMode Another area of large criticism for WebForms is ViewState. ViewState is used internally by ASP.NET to persist page-level changes to non-postback properties on controls as pages post back to the server. It’s a useful mechanism that works great for the overall mechanics of WebForms, but it can also cause all sorts of overhead for page operation as ViewState can very quickly get out of control and consume huge amounts of bandwidth in your page content. ViewState can also wreak havoc with client-side scripting applications that modify control properties that are tracked by ViewState, which can produce very unpredictable results on a Postback after client-side updates. Over the years in my own development, I’ve often turned off ViewState on pages to reduce overhead. Yes, you lose some functionality, but you can easily implement most of the common functionality in non-ViewState workarounds. Relying less on heavy ViewState controls and sticking with simpler controls or raw HTML constructs avoids getting around ViewState problems. In ASP.NET 3.x and prior, it wasn’t easy to control ViewState - you could turn it on or off and if you turned it off at the page or web.config level, you couldn’t turn it back on for specific controls. In short, it was an all or nothing approach. With ASP.NET 4.0, the new ViewStateMode property gives you more control. It allows you to disable ViewState globally either on the page or web.config level and then turn it back on for specific controls that might need it. ViewStateMode only works when EnableViewState="true" on the page or web.config level (which is the default). You can then use ViewStateMode of Disabled, Enabled or Inherit to control the ViewState settings on the page. If you’re shooting for minimal ViewState usage, the ideal situation is to set ViewStateMode to disabled on the Page or web.config level and only turn it back on particular controls: <%@Page Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2" ClientIDMode="Static" ViewStateMode="Disabled" EnableViewState="true" %>  <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" ViewStateMode="Enabled" />  <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtAddress" /> Note that the EnableViewState="true" at the Page level isn’t required since it’s the default, but it’s important that the value is true. ViewStateMode has no effect if EnableViewState="false" at the page level. The main benefit of ViewStateMode is that it allows you to more easily turn off ViewState for most of the page and enable only a few key controls that might need it. For me personally, this is a perfect combination as most of my WebForm apps can get away without any ViewState at all. But some controls - especially third party controls - often don’t work well without ViewState enabled, and now it’s much easier to selectively enable controls rather than the old way, which required you to pretty much turn off ViewState for all controls that you didn’t want ViewState on. Inline HTML Encoding HTML encoding is an important feature to prevent cross-site scripting attacks in data entered by users on your site. In order to make it easier to create HTML encoded content, ASP.NET 4.0 introduces a new Expression syntax using <%: %> to encode string values. The encoding expression syntax looks like this: <%: "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>" %> which produces properly encoded HTML: <script type='text/javascript' >alert('Really?');</script> Effectively this is a shortcut to: <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode( "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>") %> Of course the <%: %> syntax can also evaluate expressions just like <%= %> so the more common scenario applies this expression syntax against data your application is displaying. Here’s an example displaying some data model values: <%: Model.Address.Street %> This snippet shows displaying data from your application’s data store or more importantly, from data entered by users. Anything that makes it easier and less verbose to HtmlEncode text is a welcome addition to avoid potential cross-site scripting attacks. Although I listed Inline HTML Encoding here under WebForms, anything that uses the WebForms rendering engine including ASP.NET MVC, benefits from this feature. ScriptManager Enhancements The ASP.NET ScriptManager control in the past has introduced some nice ways to take programmatic and markup control over script loading, but there were a number of shortcomings in this control. The ASP.NET 4.0 ScriptManager has a number of improvements that make it easier to control script loading and addresses a few of the shortcomings that have often kept me from using the control in favor of manual script loading. The first is the AjaxFrameworkMode property which finally lets you suppress loading the ASP.NET AJAX runtime. Disabled doesn’t load any ASP.NET AJAX libraries, but there’s also an Explicit mode that lets you pick and choose the library pieces individually and reduce the footprint of ASP.NET AJAX script included if you are using the library. There’s also a new EnableCdn property that forces any script that has a new WebResource attribute CdnPath property set to a CDN supplied URL. If the script has this Attribute property set to a non-null/empty value and EnableCdn is enabled on the ScriptManager, that script will be served from the specified CdnPath. [assembly: WebResource( "Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js", "application/x-javascript", CdnPath = "http://mysite.com/scripts/ww.jquery.min.js")] Cool, but a little too static for my taste since this value can’t be changed at runtime to point at a debug script as needed, for example. Assembly names for loading scripts from resources can now be simple names rather than fully qualified assembly names, which make it less verbose to reference scripts from assemblies loaded from your bin folder or the assembly reference area in web.config: <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id" EnableCdn="true" AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js" Assembly="Westwind.Web" /> </Scripts> </asp:ScriptManager> The ScriptManager in 4.0 also supports script combining via the CompositeScript tag, which allows you to very easily combine scripts into a single script resource served via ASP.NET. Even nicer: You can specify the URL that the combined script is served with. Check out the following script manager markup that combines several static file scripts and a script resource into a single ASP.NET served resource from a static URL (allscripts.js): <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id" EnableCdn="true" AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled"> <CompositeScript Path="~/scripts/allscripts.js"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/scripts/jquery.js" /> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/scripts/ww.jquery.js" /> <asp:ScriptReference Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.editors.js" Assembly="Westwind.Web" /> </Scripts> </CompositeScript> </asp:ScriptManager> When you render this into HTML, you’ll see a single script reference in the page: <script src="scripts/allscripts.debug.js" type="text/javascript"></script> All you need to do to make this work is ensure that allscripts.js and allscripts.debug.js exist in the scripts folder of your application - they can be empty but the file has to be there. This is pretty cool, but you want to be real careful that you use unique URLs for each combination of scripts you combine or else browser and server caching will easily screw you up royally. The script manager also allows you to override native ASP.NET AJAX scripts now as any script references defined in the Scripts section of the ScriptManager trump internal references. So if you want custom behavior or you want to fix a possible bug in the core libraries that normally are loaded from resources, you can now do this simply by referencing the script resource name in the Name property and pointing at System.Web for the assembly. Not a common scenario, but when you need it, it can come in real handy. Still, there are a number of shortcomings in this control. For one, the ScriptManager and ClientScript APIs still have no common entry point so control developers are still faced with having to check and support both APIs to load scripts so that controls can work on pages that do or don’t have a ScriptManager on the page. The CdnUrl is static and compiled in, which is very restrictive. And finally, there’s still no control over where scripts get loaded on the page - ScriptManager still injects scripts into the middle of the HTML markup rather than in the header or optionally the footer. This, in turn, means there is little control over script loading order, which can be problematic for control developers. MetaDescription, MetaKeywords Page Properties There are also a number of additional Page properties that correspond to some of the other features discussed in this column: ClientIDMode, ClientTarget and ViewStateMode. Another minor but useful feature is that you can now directly access the MetaDescription and MetaKeywords properties on the Page object to set the corresponding meta tags programmatically. Updating these values programmatically previously required either <%= %> expressions in the page markup or dynamic insertion of literal controls into the page. You can now just set these properties programmatically on the Page object in any Control derived class on the page or the Page itself: Page.MetaKeywords = "ASP.NET,4.0,New Features"; Page.MetaDescription = "This article discusses the new features in ASP.NET 4.0"; Note, that there’s no corresponding ASP.NET tag for the HTML Meta element, so the only way to specify these values in markup and access them is via the @Page tag: <%@Page Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2" ClientIDMode="Static" MetaDescription="Article that discusses what's new in ASP.NET 4.0" MetaKeywords="ASP.NET,4.0,New Features" %> Nothing earth shattering but quite convenient. Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements for Web Development For Web development there are also a host of editor enhancements in Visual Studio 2010. Some of these are not Web specific but they are useful for Web developers in general. Text Editors Throughout Visual Studio 2010, the text editors have all been updated to a new core engine based on WPF which provides some interesting new features for various code editors including the nice ability to zoom in and out with Ctrl-MouseWheel to quickly change the size of text. There are many more API options to control the editor and although Visual Studio 2010 doesn’t yet use many of these features, we can look forward to enhancements in add-ins and future editor updates from the various language teams that take advantage of the visual richness that WPF provides to editing. On the negative side, I’ve noticed that occasionally the code editor and especially the HTML and JavaScript editors will lose the ability to use various navigation keys like arrows, back and delete keys, which requires closing and reopening the documents at times. This issue seems to be well documented so I suspect this will be addressed soon with a hotfix or within the first service pack. Overall though, the code editors work very well, especially given that they were re-written completely using WPF, which was one of my big worries when I first heard about the complete redesign of the editors. Multi-Targeting Visual Studio now targets all versions of the .NET framework from 2.0 forward. You can use Visual Studio 2010 to work on your ASP.NET 2, 3.0 and 3.5 applications which is a nice way to get your feet wet with the new development environment without having to make changes to existing applications. It’s nice to have one tool to work in for all the different versions. Multi-Monitor Support One cool feature of Visual Studio 2010 is the ability to drag windows out of the Visual Studio environment and out onto the desktop including onto another monitor easily. Since Web development often involves working with a host of designers at the same time - visual designer, HTML markup window, code behind and JavaScript editor - it’s really nice to be able to have a little more screen real estate to work on each of these editors. Microsoft made a welcome change in the environment. IntelliSense Snippets for HTML and JavaScript Editors The HTML and JavaScript editors now finally support IntelliSense scripts to create macro-based template expansions that have been in the core C# and Visual Basic code editors since Visual Studio 2005. Snippets allow you to create short XML-based template definitions that can act as static macros or real templates that can have replaceable values that can be embedded into the expanded text. The XML syntax for these snippets is straight forward and it’s pretty easy to create custom snippets manually. You can easily create snippets using XML and store them in your custom snippets folder (C:\Users\rstrahl\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Code Snippets\Visual Web Developer\My HTML Snippets and My JScript Snippets), but it helps to use one of the third-party tools that exist to simplify the process for you. I use SnippetEditor, by Bill McCarthy, which makes short work of creating snippets interactively (http://snippeteditor.codeplex.com/). Note: You may have to manually add the Visual Studio 2010 User specific Snippet folders to this tool to see existing ones you’ve created. Code snippets are some of the biggest time savers and HTML editing more than anything deals with lots of repetitive tasks that lend themselves to text expansion. Visual Studio 2010 includes a slew of built-in snippets (that you can also customize!) and you can create your own very easily. If you haven’t done so already, I encourage you to spend a little time examining your coding patterns and find the repetitive code that you write and convert it into snippets. I’ve been using CodeRush for this for years, but now you can do much of the basic expansion natively for HTML and JavaScript snippets. jQuery Integration Is Now Native jQuery is a popular JavaScript library and recently Microsoft has recently stated that it will become the primary client-side scripting technology to drive higher level script functionality in various ASP.NET Web projects that Microsoft provides. In Visual Studio 2010, the default full project template includes jQuery as part of a new project including the support files that provide IntelliSense (-vsdoc files). IntelliSense support for jQuery is now also baked into Visual Studio 2010, so unlike Visual Studio 2008 which required a separate download, no further installs are required for a rich IntelliSense experience with jQuery. Summary ASP.NET 4.0 brings many useful improvements to the platform, but thankfully most of the changes are incremental changes that don’t compromise backwards compatibility and they allow developers to ease into the new features one feature at a time. None of the changes in ASP.NET 4.0 or Visual Studio 2010 are monumental or game changers. The bigger features are language and .NET Framework changes that are also optional. This ASP.NET and tools release feels more like fine tuning and getting some long-standing kinks worked out of the platform. It shows that the ASP.NET team is dedicated to paying attention to community feedback and responding with changes to the platform and development environment based on this feedback. If you haven’t gotten your feet wet with ASP.NET 4.0 and Visual Studio 2010, there’s no reason not to give it a shot now - the ASP.NET 4.0 platform is solid and Visual Studio 2010 works very well for a brand new release. Check it out. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET

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Rails requires Rubygems but I have the gems

- by fogonthedowns

Update I notice that which ruby and whereis ruby are different locations which ruby /opt/local/bin/ruby whereis ruby /usr/bin/ruby I recently upgraded ruby to ruby 1.8.7 (2009-06-12 patchlevel 174) [i686-darwin10] and I think I broke rails. When I attempt to load rails. I get an odd message. Please help! $ ruby script/server Rails requires RubyGems = 1.3.2. Please install RubyGems and try again: http://rubygems.rubyforge.org $ rails -v Rails 3.0.0.beta $ gem -v 1.3.6 $ which gem /usr/bin/gem $ whereis gem /usr/bin/gem $ which rails /usr/bin/rails $ whereis rails /usr/bin/rails $ /usr/bin/gem -v 1.3.6 $ /usr/bin/rails -v Rails 3.0.0.beta $ ruby script/console Rails requires RubyGems >= 1.3.2. Please install RubyGems and try again: http://rubygems.rubyforge.org $ gem list rails *** LOCAL GEMS *** rails (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.2.6) $ gem list *** LOCAL GEMS *** abstract (1.0.0) actionmailer (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.3.6) actionpack (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.13.6) actionwebservice (1.2.6) activemerchant (1.4.1) activemodel (3.0.0.beta) activerecord (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.15.6) activerecord-tableless (0.1.0) activeresource (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2) activesupport (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.4.4) acts_as_ferret (0.4.3) arel (0.2.pre) authlogic (2.1.3) builder (2.1.2) bundler (0.9.3) calendar_date_select (1.15) capistrano (2.5.2) cgi_multipart_eof_fix (2.5.0) chronic (0.2.3) columnize (0.3.1) compass (0.8.17) daemons (1.0.10) dnssd (0.6.0) erubis (2.6.5) fastercsv (1.5.0) fastthread (1.0.1) fcgi (0.8.7) ferret (0.11.6) flay (1.4.0) flog (2.4.0) gbarcode (0.98.16) gem_plugin (0.2.3) git (1.2.5) haml (2.2.15) haml-edge (2.3.100) highline (1.5.0) hoe (2.4.0) hpricot (0.6.164) i18n (0.3.3) javan-whenever (0.3.7) jeweler (1.4.0) jscruggs-metric_fu (1.1.5) json_pure (1.2.0) libxml-ruby (1.1.2) linecache (0.43) mail (2.1.2) mechanize (0.9.3) memcache-client (1.7.8) mime-types (1.16) mislav-will_paginate (2.3.11) mocha (0.9.7) mojombo-chronic (0.3.0) mongrel (1.1.5) needle (1.3.0) net-scp (1.0.1) net-sftp (2.0.1, 1.1.1) net-ssh (2.0.4, 1.1.4) net-ssh-gateway (1.0.0) nifty-generators (0.3.0) nokogiri (1.4.0) openrain-action_mailer_tls (1.1.3) passenger (2.2.5) polyglot (0.2.9) prawn (0.6.3) prawn-core (0.6.3) prawn-format (0.2.3) prawn-layout (0.3.2) prawn-security (0.1.1) rack (1.1.0, 1.0.1) rack-mount (0.4.5) rack-test (0.5.3) rails (3.0.0.beta, 2.3.5, 2.2.2, 1.2.6) railties (3.0.0.beta) rake (0.8.7, 0.8.3) rake-compiler (0.6.0) RedCloth (4.1.1) reek (1.2.6) relevance-rcov (0.9.2.1) rmagick (2.12.2) roodi (2.1.0) rsl-stringex (1.0.3) rspec (1.2.9) rspec-rails (1.2.9) ruby-debug (0.10.3) ruby-debug-base (0.10.3) ruby-openid (2.1.2) ruby-yadis (0.3.4) ruby2ruby (1.2.4) ruby_parser (2.0.4) rubyforge (2.0.3) rubygems-update (1.3.6, 1.3.5) rubynode (0.1.5) searchlogic (2.3.9) sexp_processor (3.0.3) spree (0.9.4) sqlite3-ruby (1.2.5, 1.2.4) termios (0.9.4) test-unit (2.0.5) text-format (1.0.0) text-hyphen (1.0.0) thor (0.13.0) tlsmail (0.0.1) topfunky-gruff (0.3.5) treetop (1.4.3) tzinfo (0.3.16) xmpp4r (0.4)

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Yet another (13)Permission denied error on Apache2 server

- by lollercoaster

I just can't figure it out. I'm running apache2 on a Ubuntu 10.04 i386 server. Whenever I visit my server (has an IP address, and is connected to internet with static IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) so that's not the problem) in browser, mysub.domain.edu (renamed here), I get the following: Forbidden You don't have permission to access /index.html on this server The apache2 error log confirms this: [Mon Apr 18 02:38:20 2011] [error] [client zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz] (13)Permission denied: access to / denied I'll try to provide all necessary information below: 1) Contents of /etc/apache2/httpd.conf DirectoryIndex index.html index.php 2) Contents of /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/myusername/htdocs <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory "/home/myusername/htdocs/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None order allow,deny allow from all DirectoryIndex index.html index.php Satisfy any </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> ServerName mysub.domain.edu </VirtualHost> 3) Contents of /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/myusername/htdocs <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory "/home/myusername/htdocs/"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None order allow,deny allow from all DirectoryIndex index.html index.php Satisfy any </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> ServerName mysub.domain.edu </VirtualHost> 4) Result of ls -l (when I'm using sudo -i to be root): root@myserver:/home/myusername# ls -l total 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data root 4096 2011-04-18 03:04 htdocs 5) ps auxwww | grep -i apache root@myserver:/home# ps auxwww | grep -i apache root 15121 0.0 0.4 5408 2544 ? Ss 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 15122 0.0 0.3 5180 1760 ? S 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 15123 0.0 0.5 227020 2788 ? Sl 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 15124 0.0 0.5 227020 2864 ? Sl 16:55 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start root 29133 0.0 0.1 3320 680 pts/0 R+ 16:58 0:00 grep --color=auto -i apache 6) ls -al /home/myusername/htdocs/ root@myserver:/# ls -al /home/myusername/htdocs/ total 20 drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data root 4096 2011-04-18 03:04 . drw-r--r-- 4 myusername myusername 4096 2011-04-18 02:13 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69 2011-04-18 02:14 index.html I'm not currently using any .htaccess files in my web root (htdocs) folder in my user folder. I don't know what is wrong, I've been trying to fix his for over 12 hours and I've gotten nowhere. If you have any suggestions, I'm all ears...

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Building nginx 1.0.4 on Amazon EC2 micro - perl and python problems

- by digitaltoast

I'd like to run nginx as a reverse proxy with apache2 on my EC2 micro instance. yum install nginx gives me nginx-0.8.53-1.2.amzn1.x86_64.rpm The current nginx is 1.0.4 I found and followed this guide: http://kdn2.info/2011/05/install-nginx-on-amazon-ec2/ It works fine up to and including "make". When I get to checkinstall --fstrans=no I get ERROR: ld.so: object '/usr/lib/installwatch.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored. test -d '/var/log/nginx' || mkdir -p '/var/log/nginx' ERROR: ld.so: object '/usr/lib/installwatch.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored. make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/src/nginx-1.0.4' ======================== Installation successful ========================== Copying documentation directory... ./ ./CHANGES ./LICENSE ./README cp: cannot stat `//var/tmp/gRWoVgIcdbmjfTjoVGBM/newfiles.tmp': No such file or directory Copying files to the temporary directory...OK Striping ELF binaries and libraries...OK Compressing man pages...OK Building file list...OK Building RPM package... FAILED! *** Failed to build the package ...and the logfile is full of: Building target platforms: x86_64 Building for target x86_64 Processing files: nginx-1.0.4-1.x86_64 error: File not found: /usr/src/rpm/BUILDROOT/nginx-1.0.4-1.x86_64/usr error: File not found: /usr/src/rpm/BUILDROOT/nginx-1.0.4-1.x86_64/usr/doc There IS /usr/src/rpm/BUILDROOT/nginx-1.0.4-1.x86_64/ but no /usr Following further down the page, it says: "If we want to use, for example, PHP 5.2 we can download PHP and Nginx compatible with Amazon Kernel(Xen Kernel) from the CentosALT Repository." So I install the two repositories, but when I yum install http://centos.alt.ru/pub/nginx/1.0/RPMS/x86_64/nginx-stable-1.0.4-1.el5.x86_64.rpm I get Error: Package: nginx-stable-1.0.4-1.el5.x86_64 (/nginx-stable-1.0.4-1.el5.x86_64) Requires: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.8.8) You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem but that doesn't fix it. When I do yum update, I get --> Finished Dependency Resolution Error: Package: python-distribute-0.6.19-10.1.x86_64 (devel_languages_python) Requires: python < 2.5 Installed: 1:python-2.6-1.19.amzn1.noarch (@amzn-main) python = 1:2.6-1.19.amzn1 Error: Package: python-distribute-0.6.19-10.1.i586 (devel_languages_python) Requires: python < 2.5 Installed: 1:python-2.6-1.19.amzn1.noarch (@amzn-main) python = 1:2.6-1.19.amzn1 I've tried everything - yum clean all and various other suggestions found on other sites. If anyone has any suggestions or a known package of the current 1.04 nginx working on EC2 Micro (Linux ip-10-56-63-85 2.6.35.11-83.9.amzn1.x86_64 #1 SMP Sat Feb 19 23:42:04 UTC 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux - which I think is RHEL 5?) then I'd be grateful. Incidentally, does this repolist look right? repo id repo name status CentALT CentALT Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - x86_64 enabled: 112+157 amzn-main amzn-main-Base enabled: 2,706 amzn-main-debuginfo amzn-main-debuginfo disabled amzn-main-nosrc amzn-main-nosrc disabled amzn-updates amzn-updates-Base enabled: 328 amzn-updates-debuginfo amzn-updates-debuginfo disabled amzn-updates-nosrc amzn-updates-nosrc disabled devel_languages_python Python and Python Modules (SLE_10) enabled: 1,452+768 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - x86_64 enabled: 5,892+604 epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - x86_64 - Debug disabled epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - x86_64 - Source disabled epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - Testing - x86_64 disabled epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug disabled epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 5 - Testing - x86_64 - Source disabled s3tools Tools for managing Amazon S3 - Simple Storage Service (RHEL_6) enabled: 2+1 repolist: 10,492

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Can't launch glassfish on ec2 - can't open port

- by orange80

I'm trying to start glassfish on an EBS-based AMI of Ubuntu 10.04 64-bit. I have used glassfish on non-ec2 servers with no problems, but on ec2 I get this message: $ sudo -u glassfish bin/asadmin start-domain domain1 There is a process already using the admin port 4848 -- it probably is another instance of a GlassFish server. Command start-domain failed. I know that ec2 has requires that firewall rules be modified using ec2-authorize to let outside traffic thru the firewall, as I had to do to make ssh work. This still doesn't explain the port error when all I'm trying to do is start glassfish so I can try $ wget localhost:8080and make sure it's working. This is very frustrating and I'd really appreciate any help. Thanks. FINAL UPDATE: Sorry if you came here looking for answers. I never figured out what was causing the problem. I created another fresh instance, installed the same stuff, and Glassfish worked perfectly. Something obviously got boned during installation, but I have no idea what. I guess it will remain a mystery. UPDATE: Here's what I get from netstat: # netstat -nuptl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 462/sshd tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 462/sshd udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5353 0.0.0.0:* 483/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:1194 0.0.0.0:* 589/openvpn udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37940 0.0.0.0:* 483/avahi-daemon: r udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* 377/dhclient3 UPDATE: One more thing... I know that the "net.ipv6.bindv6only" kernel option can cause problems with java networking, so I did set this: # sysctl -w net.ipv6.bindv6only=0 UPDATE: I also verified that it has nothing at all to do with the port number (4848). As you can see here, when I changed the admin-listener port in domain.xml to 4949, I get a similar message: # sudo -u glassfish bin/asadmin start-domain domain1 There is a process already using the admin port 4949 -- it probably is another instance of a GlassFish server. Command start-domain failed. UPDATE: Here are the contents of /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters ff02::3 ip6-allhosts I should mention that I have another Ubuntu Lucid 10.04 64-bit slice that is NOT hosted on ec2, and set it up the exact same way with no problems whatsoever. Also server.log doesn't offer much insight either: # cat ./server.log Nov 20, 2010 8:46:49 AM com.sun.enterprise.admin.launcher.GFLauncherLogger info INFO: JVM invocation command line: /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/bin/java -cp /opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/modules/glassfish.jar -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:MaxPermSize=192m -XX:NewRatio=2 -XX:+LogVMOutput -XX:LogFile=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1/logs/jvm.log -Xmx512m -client -javaagent:/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/lib/monitor/btrace-agent.jar=unsafe=true,noServer=true -Dosgi.shell.telnet.maxconn=1 -Djdbc.drivers=org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver -Dfelix.fileinstall.dir=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/modules/autostart/ -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1/config/keystore.jks -Dosgi.shell.telnet.port=6666 -Djava.security.policy=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1/config/server.policy -Dfelix.fileinstall.poll=5000 -Dcom.sun.aas.instanceRoot=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1 -Dcom.sun.enterprise.config.config_environment_factory_class=com.sun.enterprise.config.serverbeans.AppserverConfigEnvironmentFactory -Dosgi.shell.telnet.ip=127.0.0.1 -Djava.endorsed.dirs=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/modules/endorsed:/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/lib/endorsed -Dcom.sun.aas.installRoot=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish -Djava.ext.dirs=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/lib/ext:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/jre/lib/ext:/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1/lib/ext -Dfelix.fileinstall.bundles.new.start=true -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1/config/cacerts.jks -Dcom.sun.enterprise.security.httpsOutboundKeyAlias=s1as -Djava.security.auth.login.config=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1/config/login.conf -DANTLR_USE_DIRECT_CLASS_LOADING=true -Dfelix.fileinstall.debug=1 -Dorg.glassfish.web.rfc2109_cookie_names_enforced=false -Djava.library.path=/opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/lib:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.22/lib/amd64:/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib com.sun.enterprise.glassfish.bootstrap.ASMain -domainname domain1 -asadmin-args start-domain,,,domain1 -instancename server -verbose false -debug false -asadmin-classpath /opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/modules/admin-cli.jar -asadmin-classname com.sun.enterprise.admin.cli.AsadminMain -upgrade false -domaindir /opt/glassfishv3/glassfish/domains/domain1 -read-stdin true

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Connecting tomcat6 to apache2

- by StudentKen

Disclaimier: Not a server admin I've been scratching my head over this for weeks now (not consistently mind you, as that would be maddening). I've been trying to connect my apache2 server to my tomcat server to the point where if someone encounters *.jsp or any servelet in navigating my web directory, it's handed over to tomcat. I have both Apache2.0 (port 9099) and Tomcat6 (9089) running on Debian lenny on the same box. Currently, mod_jk is enabled with mod_jk.conf in $apacheHOME/mods-enabled/ with content: # Where to find workers.properties JkWorkersFile /etc/apache2/workers.properties # Where to put jk shared memory JkShmFile /var/log/at_jk/mod_jk.shm # Where to put jk logs JkLogFile /var/log/at_jk/mod_jk.log # Set the jk log level [debug/error/info] JkLogLevel info # Select the timestamp log format JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y] " # Send servlet for context /examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /*/servlet/* worker1 # Send JSPs for context /examples to worker named worker1 JkMount /*.jsp worker1 my workers.properties located in $apacheHOME/ with content: workers.tomcat_home=/var/lib/tomcat6 workers.java_home=/usr/lib/jdk1.6.0_23/db/ worker.list=worker1 ps=/ worker.worker1.port=9071 worker.worker1.host=localhost worker.worker1.type=ajp13 my web.xml in $tomcatHOME/conf has the following servlets enabled <servlet> <servlet-name>default</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-cla$ <init-param> <param-name>debug</param-name> <param-value>0</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>listings</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>fork</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name> <param-value>false</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>30</session-timeout> </session-config> From what I can tell, there's no funny buisness as both the apache2, tomcat, and mod_jk logs show green; yet whenever I navigate to a jsp, it simply displays the javascript. I'm unsure what the problem is exactly despite pouring over the logs and documentation for aid. I'm quite a greenhorn in the servelet world.

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Server Admin is not allowing me to configure DNS

- by Clinton Blackmore

We have a Mac OS X 10.5.8 Server running DNS (and a few other services). When I connect to it (using Server Admin 10.5.3 [which comes from the Server Admin 10.5.7 tools]), and click to look at the DNS settings, all appears normal -- it shows many reverse entries and two top-level domains. However, when I select one of our domains and open the disclosure triangle, the list is empty! [There should be over a dozen entries, and the reverse entries do show up.] If I then tell it I want to add, say, an A Record to the domain, almost everything disappears -- and I am left with a list showing our two domains, one with a disclosure triangle underneath it showing a single entry, and one reverse entry to correspond to the new A record. named appears to be working fine. DNS names resolve. It appears to simply be that Server Admin is having problems with the data on the computer. No one here would have manually created a DNS entry. Now, while I think I've backed up the DNS (I backed up /var/named/, /etc/named.conf, and /etc/dns/, as mentioned here), I'm really not sure if just replacing the files would restore the DNS settings we have if things go south. I am contemplating going to settings and changing the log level from "Information" to "Debug", but 1) I am just a little concerned that it might write a bad configuration to the disk, and 2) I think it would only affect named and not Server Admin, and, so far as I can tell, named is not having a problem. (Nothing looks strange in /Library/Logs/named.log when I open it via Console/Terminal. Oddly, though, when I click on the 'log' button for DNS in Server Admin, I see no text at all, just a fully white window. When I look at one of our secondary DNS servers, I am able to see the log file through Server Admin.) This entry appears in the system log when I run Server Admin on the server: Jun 17 09:02:08 od1 Server Admin[3892]: Unexpected call to doMarkConfigurationAsDirty by 'DNS' plugin during updateConfigurationViewFromDescription It seems to occur after I've looked at DNS, look at another service, and then click back on DNS. Think that the most likely cause is a corrupt configuration file, I glanced through all the files that I backed up, and none of them is obviously gobbledygook. Here are some oddities I find when running Server Admin from a remote computer to manage the DNS. When I click to see the log file for DNS, the server starts writing messages like these to its system.log: Jun 17 09:59:04 od1 kernel[0]: Limiting open port RST response from 252 to 250 packets per second Jun 17 09:59:06 od1 kernel[0]: Limiting open port RST response from 258 to 250 packets per second This stops when I click on a different service. The inderterminate progress indicator (the spinning wheel that appears beside the "Revert" and "Save" buttons in the bottom-right corner of Server Admin) looks really strange. As far as I can tell, instead of just spinning and waiting, it is being told to start spinning repeatedly, resulting in a jerky animation. Here are some of the messages being logged on the computer running Server Admin: At startup: *** ERROR: -[GRAxes computeLayout]:1124 - plotRect height = 0.000000 <= 0.0 *** *** ERROR: -[GRChartView computeLayout]:1194 - Layout for overlay axes (0x18758f50) failed. *** (These messages don't concern me too much as they go away for a while if you delete ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.ServerAdmin.plist). At shutdown: 2010-06-17 10:02:17.202 Server Admin[7770:10b] *** -[GroupTextField windowDidResignKey:]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x16e12490 More concerning are these messages: 2010-06-17 09:59:47.269 Server Admin[7770:10b] Unexpected call to doMarkConfigurationAsDirty by 'DNS' plugin during updateConfigurationViewFromDescription Server Admin(7770,0xb0453000) malloc: *** error for object 0x1c115390: double free *** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug 2010-06-17 10:01:00.795 Server Admin[7770:10b] *** -[ServiceEntry sessionHost]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x2af500 Any thoughts on: what the problem is how I can troubleshoot it or how to fix it? If I do need to wipe out DNS and restart, is there a good way to do this?

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Nginx and multiple wordpress instances with fastcgi under same domain

- by damnsweet

My site is running on apache. two instances of wordpress exist under paths /tr/ and /eng/. I want to move the setup to nginx but could not manage to get it working. My setup consists of nging 0.7.66, php 5.3.2, and php-fpm. /tr/ and /eng/ are two separate wordpress instances located under /home/istci/webapps/wordpress_tr and /home/istci/webapps/wordpress respectively. Below is the server section from nginx.conf containing only configuration for tr, yet could not get it working either. server { listen 80; server_name www.example.com; charset utf-8; location ~ ^/$ { rewrite ^(.+)$ http://www.example.com/tr/ permanent; } location ~ /tr/.*php$ { fastcgi_pass unix:/home/istci/var/run/wptr.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /home/istci/webapps/wordpress_tr$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; } location /tr/ { root /home/istci/webapps/wordpress_tr/; index index.php index.html index.htm; if (!-e $request_filename) { rewrite ^(.+)$ /tr/index.php?q=$1 last; break; } if (-f $request_filename) { expires 30d; break; } } } php-fpm listens on unix:/home/istci/var/run/wptr.sock. running it in debug-mode shows no active handlers, which means no connection is made to unix socket from nginx. nginx access logs: 127.0.0.1 - - [09/Jun/2010:03:45:11 -0500] "GET /tr/ HTTP/1.0" 404 20 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.2.4) Gecko/20100527 Firefox/3.6.4" nginx debug logs : 2010/06/09 03:38:53 [notice] 6922#0: built by gcc 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48) 2010/06/09 03:38:53 [notice] 6922#0: OS: Linux 2.6.18-164.9.1.el5PAE 2010/06/09 03:38:53 [notice] 6922#0: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 4096:4096 2010/06/09 03:38:53 [notice] 6923#0: start worker processes 2010/06/09 03:38:53 [notice] 6923#0: start worker process 6924 2010/06/09 03:38:53 [notice] 6923#0: start worker process 6925 2010/06/09 03:39:01 [notice] 6925#0: *1 "^(.+)$" matches "/tr/", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.example.com, request: "GET /tr/ HTTP/1.0", host: "www.example.com" 2010/06/09 03:39:01 [notice] 6925#0: *1 rewritten data: "/tr/index.php", args: "q=/tr/", client: 127.0.0.1, server: www.example.com, request: "GET /tr/ HTTP/1.0", host: "www.example.com" Any clues about what is wrong with my configuration? Thanks.

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Routing not working correctly using the laravel framework

- by samayres1992

I'm using the book wrote by one of the guys that created laravel, so I'd like to think for the most part this code isn't horribly wrong. My server is setup with nginx serving all static files and apache2 serving php. My config for each are the following: apache2: <VirtualHost *> # Host that will serve this project. ServerName litl.it # The location of our projects public directory. DocumentRoot /var/www/litl.it/laravel/public # Useful logs for debug. CustomLog /var/log/apache.access.log common ErrorLog /var/log/apache.error.log # Rewrites for pretty URLs, better not to rely on .htaccess. <Directory /var/www/litl.it/laravel/public> <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> Options -MultiViews RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteRule ^ index.php [L] </IfModule> </Directory> nginx: server { # Port that the web server will listen on. listen 80; # Host that will serve this project. server_name litl.it *.litl.it; # Useful logs for debug. access_log /var/log/nginx.access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx.error.log; rewrite_log on; # The location of our projects public directory. root /var/www/litl.it/laravel/public; # Point index to the Laravel front controller. index index.php; location / { # URLs to attempt, including pretty ones. try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string; } # Remove trailing slash to please routing system. if (!-d $request_filename) { rewrite ^/(.+)/$ /$1 permanent; } # PHP FPM configuration. location ~* \.php$ { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; include /etc/nginx/proxy_params; try_files index index.php $uri =404; include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/php/$fastcgi_script_name; } # We don't need .ht files with nginx. location ~ /\.ht { deny all; } location @proxy { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; include /etc/nginx/proxy_params; } error_page 403 /error/403.html; error_page 404 /error/404.html; error_page 405 /error/405.html; error_page 500 501 502 503 504 /error/5xx.html; location ^~ /error/ { internal; root /var/www/litl.it/lavarel/public/error; } } I'm including these server configs, as I feel this maybe the issue? Here is my incredibly basic routing file that should return "routing is working" on domain.com/test but instead it just returns the homepage. <?php Route::get('/', function() { return View::make('hello'); }); Route::get('/test', function() { return "routing is working"; }); Any ideas where I'm going wrong, I'm following this tutorial very closely and I'm confused why there is issue. Thanks!

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Ubuntu 14.04, OpenLDAP TLS problems

- by larsemil

So i have set up an openldap server using this guide here. It worked fine. But as i want to use sssd i also need TLS to be working for ldap. So i looked into and followed the TLS part of the guide. And i never got any errors and slapd started fine again. BUT. It does not seem to work when i try to use ldap over tls. root@server:~# ldapsearch -x -ZZ -H ldap://83.209.243.253 -b dc=daladevelop,dc=se ldap_start_tls: Protocol error (2) additional info: unsupported extended operation Ganking up the debug level some notches returns some more information: root@server:~# ldapsearch -x -ZZ -H ldap://83.209.243.253 -b dc=daladevelop,dc=se -d 5 ldap_url_parse_ext(ldap://83.209.243.253) ldap_create ldap_url_parse_ext(ldap://83.209.243.253:389/??base) ldap_extended_operation_s ldap_extended_operation ldap_send_initial_request ldap_new_connection 1 1 0 ldap_int_open_connection ldap_connect_to_host: TCP 83.209.243.253:389 ldap_new_socket: 3 ldap_prepare_socket: 3 ldap_connect_to_host: Trying 83.209.243.253:389 ldap_pvt_connect: fd: 3 tm: -1 async: 0 ldap_open_defconn: successful ldap_send_server_request ber_scanf fmt ({it) ber: ber_scanf fmt ({) ber: ber_flush2: 31 bytes to sd 3 ldap_result ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 wait4msg ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 (infinite timeout) wait4msg continue ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 all 1 ** ld 0x7f25df51e220 Connections: * host: 83.209.243.253 port: 389 (default) refcnt: 2 status: Connected last used: Fri Jun 6 08:52:16 2014 ** ld 0x7f25df51e220 Outstanding Requests: * msgid 1, origid 1, status InProgress outstanding referrals 0, parent count 0 ld 0x7f25df51e220 request count 1 (abandoned 0) ** ld 0x7f25df51e220 Response Queue: Empty ld 0x7f25df51e220 response count 0 ldap_chkResponseList ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 all 1 ldap_chkResponseList returns ld 0x7f25df51e220 NULL ldap_int_select read1msg: ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 all 1 ber_get_next ber_get_next: tag 0x30 len 42 contents: read1msg: ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 message type extended-result ber_scanf fmt ({eAA) ber: read1msg: ld 0x7f25df51e220 0 new referrals read1msg: mark request completed, ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 request done: ld 0x7f25df51e220 msgid 1 res_errno: 2, res_error: <unsupported extended operation>, res_matched: <> ldap_free_request (origid 1, msgid 1) ldap_parse_extended_result ber_scanf fmt ({eAA) ber: ldap_parse_result ber_scanf fmt ({iAA) ber: ber_scanf fmt (}) ber: ldap_msgfree ldap_err2string ldap_start_tls: Protocol error (2) additional info: unsupported extended operation ldap_free_connection 1 1 ldap_send_unbind ber_flush2: 7 bytes to sd 3 ldap_free_connection: actually freed So no good information there neither. In /var/log/syslog i get: Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 fd=23 ACCEPT from IP=83.209.243.253:56440 (IP=0.0.0.0:389) Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=0 EXT oid=1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037 Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=0 do_extended: unsupported operation "1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.20037" Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=0 RESULT tag=120 err=2 text=unsupported extended operation Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 op=1 UNBIND Jun 6 08:55:42 master slapd[21383]: conn=1008 fd=23 closed If i portscan the host i get the following: Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-06-06 08:56 CEST Nmap scan report for h83-209-243-253.static.se.alltele.net (83.209.243.253) Host is up (0.0072s latency). Not shown: 996 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open http 389/tcp open ldap 636/tcp open ldapssl But when i check certs root@master:~# openssl s_client -connect daladevelop.se:636 -showcerts -state CONNECTED(00000003) SSL_connect:before/connect initialization SSL_connect:unknown state 140244859233952:error:140790E5:SSL routines:SSL23_WRITE:ssl handshake failure:s23_lib.c:177: --- no peer certificate available --- No client certificate CA names sent --- SSL handshake has read 0 bytes and written 317 bytes --- New, (NONE), Cipher is (NONE) Secure Renegotiation IS NOT supported Compression: NONE Expansion: NONE --- And i feel like i am clearly out in deep water not knowing at all where to go from here. Anny hints appreciated on what to do or to get better debug logging... EDIT: This is my config slapcated from cn=config and it does not mention at all anything about TLS. I have inserted my certinfo.ldif: root@master:~# cat certinfo.ldif dn: cn=config add: olcTLSCACertificateFile olcTLSCACertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/cacert.pem - add: olcTLSCertificateFile olcTLSCertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/daladevelop_slapd_cert.pem - add: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /etc/ssl/private/daladevelop_slapd_key.pem and when doing that i only got this as an answer. root@master:~# sudo ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f certinfo.ldif SASL/EXTERNAL authentication started SASL username: gidNumber=0+uidNumber=0,cn=peercred,cn=external,cn=auth SASL SSF: 0 modifying entry "cn=config" So still no wiser.

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NPM not installing dependencies?

- by neezer

Having trouble getting NPM to install dependencies with npm install -d in my project directory with a defined package.json file. Here's my package.json: https://gist.github.com/3068312 And after wiping my project root's node modules folder (rm -rf node_modules), I run npm install -d in my project root and am greeted with this: (ssh) /vagrant git:master ? npm install -d npm info it worked if it ends with ok npm info using [email protected] npm info using [email protected] npm info preinstall [email protected] npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/sinon npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/mocha npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/request npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/sinon npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/underscore npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/mocha npm http 304 https://registry.npmjs.org/request npm info into /vagrant [email protected] npm info into /vagrant [email protected] npm info into /vagrant [email protected] npm info into /vagrant [email protected] npm info installOne [email protected] npm info installOne [email protected] npm info installOne [email protected] npm info installOne [email protected] npm info unbuild /vagrant/node_modules/underscore npm info unbuild /vagrant/node_modules/mocha npm info unbuild /vagrant/node_modules/sinon npm info unbuild /vagrant/node_modules/request npm ERR! error installing [email protected] npm info unbuild /vagrant/node_modules/underscore npm ERR! error rolling back [email protected] Error: UNKNOWN, unknown error '/vagrant/node_modules/underscore' npm ERR! Error: ENOENT, no such file or directory '/vagrant/node_modules/underscore/package.json' npm ERR! You may report this log at: npm ERR! <http://bugs.debian.org/npm> npm ERR! or use npm ERR! reportbug --attach /vagrant/npm-debug.log npm npm ERR! npm ERR! System Linux 3.2.0-23-generic npm ERR! command "node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "-d" npm ERR! cwd /vagrant npm ERR! node -v v0.6.12 npm ERR! npm -v 1.1.4 npm ERR! path /vagrant/node_modules/underscore/package.json npm ERR! code ENOENT npm ERR! message ENOENT, no such file or directory '/vagrant/node_modules/underscore/package.json' npm ERR! errno {} npm ERR! error installing [email protected] npm info unbuild /vagrant/node_modules/request npm ERR! error rolling back [email protected] Error: UNKNOWN, unknown error '/vagrant/node_modules/request' npm ERR! npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in: npm ERR! /vagrant/npm-debug.log npm not ok If I rerun npm install -d, the error changes to whatever the next package is... if I keep running it it over and over again, it eventually doesn't complain anymore and outputs: (ssh) /vagrant git:master ? npm install -d npm info it worked if it ends with ok npm info using [email protected] npm info using [email protected] npm info preinstall [email protected] npm info build /vagrant npm info linkStuff [email protected] npm info install [email protected] npm info postinstall [email protected] npm info ok However, none of the dependencies for any of these packages get installed. For instance, cheerio has a few dependencies, so when I try running my test suite, I'm greeted with: (ssh) /vagrant git:master ? mocha --compilers coffee:coffee-script --watch spec/* node.js:201 throw e; // process.nextTick error, or 'error' event on first tick ^ Error: Cannot find module 'cheerio-select' at Function._resolveFilename (module.js:332:11) at Function._load (module.js:279:25) at Module.require (module.js:354:17) What gives? I'm on Ubuntu Precise64 in a Vagrant virtual box.

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Adding the New HTML Editor Extender to a Web Forms Application using NuGet

- by Stephen Walther

The July 2011 release of the Ajax Control Toolkit includes a new, lightweight, HTML5 compatible HTML Editor extender. In this blog entry, I explain how you can take advantage of NuGet to quickly add the new HTML Editor control extender to a new or existing ASP.NET Web Forms application. Installing the Latest Version of the Ajax Control Toolkit with NuGet NuGet is a package manager. It enables you to quickly install new software directly from within Visual Studio 2010. You can use NuGet to install additional software when building any type of .NET application including ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC applications. If you have not already installed NuGet then you can install NuGet by navigating to the following address and clicking the giant install button: http://nuget.org/ After you install NuGet, you can add the Ajax Control Toolkit to a new or existing ASP.NET Web Forms application by selecting the Visual Studio menu option Tools, Library Package Manager, Package Manager Console: Selecting this menu option opens the Package Manager Console. You can enter the command Install-Package AjaxControlToolkit in the console to install the Ajax Control Toolkit: After you install the Ajax Control Toolkit with NuGet, your application will include an assembly reference to the AjaxControlToolkit.dll and SanitizerProviders.dll assemblies: Furthermore, your Web.config file will be updated to contain a new tag prefix for the Ajax Control Toolkit controls: <configuration> <system.web> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" /> </controls> </pages> </system.web> </configuration> The configuration file installed by NuGet adds the prefix ajaxToolkit for all of the Ajax Control Toolkit controls. You can type ajaxToolkit: in source view to get auto-complete in Source view. You can, of course, change this prefix to anything you want. Using the HTML Editor Extender After you install the Ajax Control Toolkit, you can use the HTML Editor Extender with the standard ASP.NET TextBox control to enable users to enter rich formatting such as bold, underline, italic, different fonts, and different background and foreground colors. For example, the following page can be used for entering comments. The page contains a standard ASP.NET TextBox, Button, and Label control. When you click the button, any text entered into the TextBox is displayed in the Label control. It is a pretty boring page: Let’s make this page fancier by extending the standard ASP.NET TextBox with the HTML Editor extender control: Notice that the ASP.NET TextBox now has a toolbar which includes buttons for performing various kinds of formatting. For example, you can change the size and font used for the text. You also can change the foreground and background color – and make many other formatting changes. You can customize the toolbar buttons which the HTML Editor extender displays. To learn how to customize the toolbar, see the HTML Editor Extender sample page here: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/HTMLEditorExtender/HTMLEditorExtender.aspx Here’s the source code for the ASP.NET page: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication1.Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title>Add Comments</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <ajaxToolkit:ToolkitScriptManager ID="TSM1" runat="server" /> <asp:TextBox ID="txtComments" TextMode="MultiLine" Columns="50" Rows="8" Runat="server" /> <ajaxToolkit:HtmlEditorExtender ID="hee" TargetControlID="txtComments" Runat="server" /> <br /><br /> <asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" Text="Add Comment" Runat="server" onclick="btnSubmit_Click" /> <hr /> <asp:Label ID="lblComment" Runat="server" /> </div> </form> </body> </html> Notice that the page above contains 5 controls. The page contains a standard ASP.NET TextBox, Button, and Label control. However, the page also contains an Ajax Control Toolkit ToolkitScriptManager control and HtmlEditorExtender control. The HTML Editor extender control extends the standard ASP.NET TextBox control. The HTML Editor TargetID attribute points at the TextBox control. Here’s the code-behind for the page above: using System; namespace WebApplication1 { public partial class Default : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { lblComment.Text = txtComments.Text; } } } Preventing XSS/JavaScript Injection Attacks If you use an HTML Editor -- any HTML Editor -- in a public facing web page then you are opening your website up to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks. An evil hacker could submit HTML using the HTML Editor which contains JavaScript that steals private information such as other user’s passwords. Imagine, for example, that you create a web page which enables your customers to post comments about your website. Furthermore, imagine that you decide to redisplay the comments so every user can see them. In that case, a malicious user could submit JavaScript which displays a dialog asking for a user name and password. When an unsuspecting customer enters their secret password, the script could transfer the password to the hacker’s website. So how do you accept HTML content without opening your website up to JavaScript injection attacks? The Ajax Control Toolkit HTML Editor supports the Anti-XSS library. You can use the Anti-XSS library to sanitize any HTML content. The Anti-XSS library, for example, strips away all JavaScript automatically. You can download the Anti-XSS library from NuGet. Open the Package Manager Console and execute the command Install-Package AntiXSS: Adding the Anti-XSS library to your application adds two assemblies to your application named AntiXssLibrary.dll and HtmlSanitizationLibrary.dll. After you install the Anti-XSS library, you can configure the HTML Editor extender to use the Anti-XSS library your application’s web.config file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="system.web"> <section name="sanitizer" requirePermission="false" type="AjaxControlToolkit.Sanitizer.ProviderSanitizerSection, AjaxControlToolkit"/> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <system.web> <sanitizer defaultProvider="AntiXssSanitizerProvider"> <providers> <add name="AntiXssSanitizerProvider" type="AjaxControlToolkit.Sanitizer.AntiXssSanitizerProvider"></add> </providers> </sanitizer> <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" /> <pages> <controls> <add tagPrefix="ajaxToolkit" assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" /> </controls> </pages> </system.web> </configuration> Summary In this blog entry, I described how you can quickly get started using the new HTML Editor extender – included with the July 2011 release of the Ajax Control Toolkit – by installing the Ajax Control Toolkit with NuGet. If you want to learn more about the HTML Editor then please take a look at the Ajax Control Toolkit sample site: http://www.asp.net/ajaxLibrary/AjaxControlToolkitSampleSite/HTMLEditorExtender/HTMLEditorExtender.aspx

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NLog Exception Details Renderer

- by jtimperley

Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/jtimperley/archive/2013/07/28/nlog-exception-details-renderer.aspxI recently switch from Microsoft's Enterprise Library Logging block to NLog. In my opinion, NLog offers a simpler and much cleaner configuration section with better use of placeholders, complemented by custom variables. Despite this, I found one deficiency in my migration; I had lost the ability to simply render all details of an exception into our logs and notification emails. This is easily remedied by implementing a custom layout renderer. Start by extending 'NLog.LayoutRenderers.LayoutRenderer' and overriding the 'Append' method. using System.Text; using NLog; using NLog.Config; using NLog.LayoutRenderers; [ThreadAgnostic] [LayoutRenderer(Name)] public class ExceptionDetailsRenderer : LayoutRenderer { public const string Name = "exceptiondetails"; protected override void Append(StringBuilder builder, LogEventInfo logEvent) { // Todo: Append details to StringBuilder } } Now that we have a base layout renderer, we simply need to add the formatting logic to add exception details as well as inner exception details. This is done using reflection with some simple filtering for the properties that are already being rendered. I have added an additional 'Register' method, allowing the definition to be registered in code, rather than in configuration files. This complements by 'LogWrapper' class which standardizes writing log entries throughout my applications. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Text; using NLog; using NLog.Config; using NLog.LayoutRenderers; [ThreadAgnostic] [LayoutRenderer(Name)] public sealed class ExceptionDetailsRenderer : LayoutRenderer { public const string Name = "exceptiondetails"; private const string _Spacer = "======================================"; private List<string> _FilteredProperties; private List<string> FilteredProperties { get { if (_FilteredProperties == null) { _FilteredProperties = new List<string> { "StackTrace", "HResult", "InnerException", "Data" }; } return _FilteredProperties; } } public bool LogNulls { get; set; } protected override void Append(StringBuilder builder, LogEventInfo logEvent) { Append(builder, logEvent.Exception, false); } private void Append(StringBuilder builder, Exception exception, bool isInnerException) { if (exception == null) { return; } builder.AppendLine(); var type = exception.GetType(); if (isInnerException) { builder.Append("Inner "); } builder.AppendLine("Exception Details:") .AppendLine(_Spacer) .Append("Exception Type: ") .AppendLine(type.ToString()); var bindingFlags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public; var properties = type.GetProperties(bindingFlags); foreach (var property in properties) { var propertyName = property.Name; var isFiltered = FilteredProperties.Any(filter => String.Equals(propertyName, filter, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase)); if (isFiltered) { continue; } var propertyValue = property.GetValue(exception, bindingFlags, null, null, null); if (propertyValue == null && !LogNulls) { continue; } var valueText = propertyValue != null ? propertyValue.ToString() : "NULL"; builder.Append(propertyName) .Append(": ") .AppendLine(valueText); } AppendStackTrace(builder, exception.StackTrace, isInnerException); Append(builder, exception.InnerException, true); } private void AppendStackTrace(StringBuilder builder, string stackTrace, bool isInnerException) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(stackTrace)) { return; } builder.AppendLine(); if (isInnerException) { builder.Append("Inner "); } builder.AppendLine("Exception StackTrace:") .AppendLine(_Spacer) .AppendLine(stackTrace); } public static void Register() { Type definitionType; var layoutRenderers = ConfigurationItemFactory.Default.LayoutRenderers; if (layoutRenderers.TryGetDefinition(Name, out definitionType)) { return; } layoutRenderers.RegisterDefinition(Name, typeof(ExceptionDetailsRenderer)); LogManager.ReconfigExistingLoggers(); } } For brevity I have removed the Trace, Debug, Warn, and Fatal methods. They are modelled after the Info methods. As mentioned above, note how the log wrapper automatically registers our custom layout renderer reducing the amount of application configuration required. using System; using NLog; public static class LogWrapper { static LogWrapper() { ExceptionDetailsRenderer.Register(); } #region Log Methods public static void Info(object toLog) { Log(toLog, LogLevel.Info); } public static void Info(string messageFormat, params object[] parameters) { Log(messageFormat, parameters, LogLevel.Info); } public static void Error(object toLog) { Log(toLog, LogLevel.Error); } public static void Error(string message, Exception exception) { Log(message, exception, LogLevel.Error); } private static void Log(string messageFormat, object[] parameters, LogLevel logLevel) { string message = parameters.Length == 0 ? messageFormat : string.Format(messageFormat, parameters); Log(message, (Exception)null, logLevel); } private static void Log(object toLog, LogLevel logLevel, LogType logType = LogType.General) { if (toLog == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("toLog"); } if (toLog is Exception) { var exception = toLog as Exception; Log(exception.Message, exception, logLevel, logType); } else { var message = toLog.ToString(); Log(message, null, logLevel, logType); } } private static void Log(string message, Exception exception, LogLevel logLevel, LogType logType = LogType.General) { if (exception == null && String.IsNullOrEmpty(message)) { return; } var logger = GetLogger(logType); // Note: Using the default constructor doesn't set the current date/time var logInfo = new LogEventInfo(logLevel, logger.Name, message); logInfo.Exception = exception; logger.Log(logInfo); } private static Logger GetLogger(LogType logType) { var loggerName = logType.ToString(); return LogManager.GetLogger(loggerName); } #endregion #region LogType private enum LogType { General } #endregion } The following configuration is similar to what is provided for each of my applications. The 'application' variable is all that differentiates the various applications in all of my environments, the rest has been standardized. Depending on your needs to tweak this configuration while developing and debugging, this section could easily be pushed back into code similar to the registering of our custom layout renderer. <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="nlog" type="NLog.Config.ConfigSectionHandler, NLog"/> </configSections> <nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <variable name="application" value="Example"/> <targets> <target type="EventLog" name="EventLog" source="${application}" log="${application}" layout="${message}${onexception: ${newline}${exceptiondetails}}"/> <target type="Mail" name="Email" smtpServer="smtp.example.local" from="[email protected]" to="[email protected]" subject="(${machinename}) ${application}: ${level}" body="Machine: ${machinename}${newline}Timestamp: ${longdate}${newline}Level: ${level}${newline}Message: ${message}${onexception: ${newline}${exceptiondetails}}"/> </targets> <rules> <logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="EventLog" /> <logger name="*" minlevel="Error" writeTo="Email" /> </rules> </nlog> </configuration> Now go forward, create your custom exceptions without concern for including their custom properties in your exception logs and notifications.

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VS 2010 SP1 (Beta) and IIS Express

- by ScottGu

Last month we released the VS 2010 Service Pack 1 (SP1) Beta. You can learn more about the VS 2010 SP1 Beta from Jason Zander’s two blog posts about it, and from Scott Hanselman’s blog post that covers some of the new capabilities enabled with it. You can download and install the VS 2010 SP1 Beta here. IIS Express Earlier this summer I blogged about IIS Express. IIS Express is a free version of IIS 7.5 that is optimized for developer scenarios. We think it combines the ease of use of the ASP.NET Web Server (aka Cassini) currently built-into VS today with the full power of IIS. Specifically: It’s lightweight and easy to install (less than 5Mb download and a quick install) It does not require an administrator account to run/debug applications from Visual Studio It enables a full web-server feature set – including SSL, URL Rewrite, and other IIS 7.x modules It supports and enables the same extensibility model and web.config file settings that IIS 7.x support It can be installed side-by-side with the full IIS web server as well as the ASP.NET Development Server (they do not conflict at all) It works on Windows XP and higher operating systems – giving you a full IIS 7.x developer feature-set on all Windows OS platforms IIS Express (like the ASP.NET Development Server) can be quickly launched to run a site from a directory on disk. It does not require any registration/configuration steps. This makes it really easy to launch and run for development scenarios. Visual Studio 2010 SP1 adds support for IIS Express – and you can start to take advantage of this starting with last month’s VS 2010 SP1 Beta release. Downloading and Installing IIS Express IIS Express isn’t included as part of the VS 2010 SP1 Beta. Instead it is a separate ~4MB download which you can download and install using this link (it uses WebPI to install it). Once IIS Express is installed, VS 2010 SP1 will enable some additional IIS Express commands and dialog options that allow you to easily use it. Enabling IIS Express for Existing Projects Visual Studio today defaults to using the built-in ASP.NET Development Server (aka Cassini) when running ASP.NET Projects: Converting your existing projects to use IIS Express is really easy. You can do this by opening up the project properties dialog of an existing project, and then by clicking the “web” tab within it and selecting the “Use IIS Express” checkbox. Or even simpler, just right-click on your existing project, and select the “Use IIS Express…” menu command: And now when you run or debug your project you’ll see that IIS Express now starts up and runs automatically as your web-server: You can optionally right-click on the IIS Express icon within your system tray to see/browse all of sites and applications running on it: Note that if you ever want to revert back to using the ASP.NET Development Server you can do this by right-clicking the project again and then select the “Use Visual Studio Development Server” option (or go into the project properties, click the web tab, and uncheck IIS Express). This will revert back to the ASP.NET Development Server the next time you run the project. IIS Express Properties Visual Studio 2010 SP1 exposes several new IIS Express configuration options that you couldn’t previously set with the ASP.NET Development Server. Some of these are exposed via the property grid of your project (select the project node in the solution explorer and then change them via the property window): For example, enabling something like SSL support (which is not possible with the ASP.NET Development Server) can now be done simply by changing the “SSL Enabled” property to “True”: Once this is done IIS Express will expose both an HTTP and HTTPS endpoint for the project that we can use: SSL Self Signed Certs IIS Express ships with a self-signed SSL cert that it installs as part of setup – which removes the need for you to install your own certificate to use SSL during development. Once you change the above drop-down to enable SSL, you’ll be able to browse to your site with the appropriate https:// URL prefix and it will connect via SSL. One caveat with self-signed certificates, though, is that browsers (like IE) will go out of their way to warn you that they aren’t to be trusted: You can mark the certificate as trusted to avoid seeing dialogs like this – or just keep the certificate un-trusted and press the “continue” button when the browser warns you not to trust your local web server. Additional IIS Settings IIS Express uses its own per-user ApplicationHost.config file to configure default server behavior. Because it is per-user, it can be configured by developers who do not have admin credentials – unlike the full IIS. You can customize all IIS features and settings via it if you want ultimate server customization (for example: to use your own certificates for SSL instead of self-signed ones). We recommend storing all app specific settings for IIS and ASP.NET within the web.config file which is part of your project – since that makes deploying apps easier (since the settings can be copied with the application content). IIS (since IIS 7) no longer uses the metabase, and instead uses the same web.config configuration files that ASP.NET has always supported – which makes xcopy/ftp based deployment much easier. Making IIS Express your Default Web Server Above we looked at how we can convert existing sites that use the ASP.NET Developer Web Server to instead use IIS Express. You can configure Visual Studio to use IIS Express as the default web server for all new projects by clicking the Tools->Options menu command and opening up the Projects and Solutions->Web Projects node with the Options dialog: Clicking the “Use IIS Express for new file-based web site and projects” checkbox will cause Visual Studio to use it for all new web site and projects. Summary We think IIS Express makes it even easier to build, run and test web applications. It works with all versions of ASP.NET and supports all ASP.NET application types (including obviously both ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC applications). Because IIS Express is based on the IIS 7.5 codebase, you have a full web-server feature-set that you can use. This means you can build and run your applications just like they’ll work on a real production web-server. In addition to supporting ASP.NET, IIS Express also supports Classic ASP and other file-types and extensions supported by IIS – which also makes it ideal for sites that combine a variety of different technologies. Best of all – you do not need to change any code to take advantage of it. As you can see above, updating existing Visual Studio web projects to use it is trivial. You can begin to take advantage of IIS Express today using the VS 2010 SP1 Beta. Hope this helps, Scott

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USB packets - receive wrong data

- by regorianer

i have a little python script which shows me the packets of an enocean device and does some events depending on the packet type. unfortunately it doesn't work because i'm getting wrong packets. Parts of the python script (used pySerial): Blockquote ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB1',57600,bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS,timeout = 1, parity = serial.PARITY_NONE , rtscts = 0) print 'clearing buffer' s = ser.read(10000) print 'start read' while 1: s = ser.read(1) for character in s: sys.stdout.write(" %s" % character.encode('hex')) print 'end' ser.close() output baudrate 57600: e0 e0 00 e0 00 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 00 e0 e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 e0 e0 00 00 00 00 e0 e0 e0 00 00 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 00 e0 00 e0 e0 e0 e0 e0 00 e0 e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 e0 e0 00 00 00 00 e0 e0 e0 00 00 e0 e0 e0 output baudrate 9600: a5 5a 0b 05 10 00 00 00 00 15 c4 56 20 6f a5 5a 0b 05 00 00 00 00 00 15 c4 56 20 5f linux terminal baudrate 57600: $stty -F /dev/ttyUSB1 57600 $stty < /dev/ttyUSB1 speed 57600 baud; line = 0; eof = ^A; min = 0; time = 0; -brkint -icrnl -imaxbel -opost -onlcr -isig -icanon -iexten -echo -echoe -echok -echoctl -echoke $while (true) do cat -A /dev/ttyUSB1 ; done myfile $hexdump -C myfile 00000000 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 5e 40 4d 2d 60 5e 40 4d 2d 60 |M-M-^@M-^@M-| 00000010 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 5e 40 4d 2d |M-M-M-M-^@M-| 00000020 60 4d 2d 60 5e 40 5e 40 5e 40 5e 40 5e 40 5e 40 |M-^@^@^@^@^@^@| 00000030 5e 40 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 5e 40 5e 40 5e |^@M-M-M-`^@^@^| 00000040 40 5e 40 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 4d 2d 60 |@^@M-M-M-`| 0000004c linux terminal baudrate 9600: $hexdump -C myfile2 00000000 5e 40 5e 55 4d 2d 44 56 30 4d 2d 3f 5e 40 5e 40 |^@^UM-DV0M-?^@^@| 00000010 5e 55 4d 2d 44 56 20 5f |^UM-DV _| 00000018 the specification says: 0x55 sync byte 1st 0xNNNN data length bytes (2 bytes) 0x07 opt length byte 0x01 type byte CRC, data, opt data und nochmal CRC but I'm not getting this packet structure. The output of the python script differs from the one I get via the terminal. I also wrote the python part with C, but the output is the same as with python As the USB receiver a BSC-BoR USB Receiver/Sender is used The EnOcean device is a simple button

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Enterprise Library Logging / Exception handling and Postsharp

- by subodhnpushpak

One of my colleagues came-up with a unique situation where it was required to create log files based on the input file which is uploaded. For example if A.xml is uploaded, the corresponding log file should be A_log.txt. I am a strong believer that Logging / EH / caching are cross-cutting architecture aspects and should be least invasive to the business-logic written in enterprise application. I have been using Enterprise Library for logging / EH (i use to work with Avanade, so i have affection towards the library!! :D ). I have been also using excellent library called PostSharp for cross cutting aspect. Here i present a solution with and without PostSharp all in a unit test. Please see full source code at end of the this blog post. But first, we need to tweak the enterprise library so that the log files are created at runtime based on input given. Below is Custom trace listner which writes log into a given file extracted out of Logentry extendedProperties property. using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Common.Configuration; using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration; using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.TraceListeners; using Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging; using System.IO; using System.Text; using System; using System.Diagnostics; namespace Subodh.Framework.Logging { [ConfigurationElementType(typeof(CustomTraceListenerData))] public class LogToFileTraceListener : CustomTraceListener { private static object syncRoot = new object(); public override void TraceData(TraceEventCache eventCache, string source, TraceEventType eventType, int id, object data) { if ((data is LogEntry) & this.Formatter != null) { WriteOutToLog(this.Formatter.Format((LogEntry)data), (LogEntry)data); } else { WriteOutToLog(data.ToString(), (LogEntry)data); } } public override void Write(string message) { Debug.Print(message.ToString()); } public override void WriteLine(string message) { Debug.Print(message.ToString()); } private void WriteOutToLog(string BodyText, LogEntry logentry) { try { //Get the filelocation from the extended properties if (logentry.ExtendedProperties.ContainsKey("filelocation")) { string fullPath = Path.GetFullPath(logentry.ExtendedProperties["filelocation"].ToString()); //Create the directory where the log file is written to if it does not exist. DirectoryInfo directoryInfo = new DirectoryInfo(Path.GetDirectoryName(fullPath)); if (directoryInfo.Exists == false) { directoryInfo.Create(); } //Lock the file to prevent another process from using this file //as data is being written to it. lock (syncRoot) { using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fullPath, FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.Write, 4096, true)) { using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, Encoding.UTF8)) { Log(BodyText, sw); sw.Close(); } fs.Close(); } } } } catch (Exception ex) { throw new LoggingException(ex.Message, ex); } } /// <summary> /// Write message to named file /// </summary> public static void Log(string logMessage, TextWriter w) { w.WriteLine("{0}", logMessage); } } } The above can be “plugged into” the code using below configuration <loggingConfiguration name="Logging Application Block" tracingEnabled="true" defaultCategory="Trace" logWarningsWhenNoCategoriesMatch="true"> <listeners> <add listenerDataType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging.Configuration.CustomTraceListenerData, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Logging, Version=4.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35" traceOutputOptions="None" filter="All" type="Subodh.Framework.Logging.LogToFileTraceListener, Subodh.Framework.Logging, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" name="Subodh Custom Trace Listener" initializeData="" formatter="Text Formatter" /> </listeners> Similarly we can use PostSharp to expose the above as cross cutting aspects as below using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Reflection; using PostSharp.Laos; using System.Diagnostics; using GC.FrameworkServices.ExceptionHandler; using Subodh.Framework.Logging; namespace Subodh.Framework.ExceptionHandling { [Serializable] public sealed class LogExceptionAttribute : OnExceptionAspect { private string prefix; private MethodFormatStrings formatStrings; // This field is not serialized. It is used only at compile time. [NonSerialized] private readonly Type exceptionType; private string fileName; /// <summary> /// Declares a <see cref="XTraceExceptionAttribute"/> custom attribute /// that logs every exception flowing out of the methods to which /// the custom attribute is applied. /// </summary> public LogExceptionAttribute() { } /// <summary> /// Declares a <see cref="XTraceExceptionAttribute"/> custom attribute /// that logs every exception derived from a given <see cref="Type"/> /// flowing out of the methods to which /// the custom attribute is applied. /// </summary> /// <param name="exceptionType"></param> public LogExceptionAttribute( Type exceptionType ) { this.exceptionType = exceptionType; } public LogExceptionAttribute(Type exceptionType, string fileName) { this.exceptionType = exceptionType; this.fileName = fileName; } /// <summary> /// Gets or sets the prefix string, printed before every trace message. /// </summary> /// <value> /// For instance <c>[Exception]</c>. /// </value> public string Prefix { get { return this.prefix; } set { this.prefix = value; } } /// <summary> /// Initializes the current object. Called at compile time by PostSharp. /// </summary> /// <param name="method">Method to which the current instance is /// associated.</param> public override void CompileTimeInitialize( MethodBase method ) { // We just initialize our fields. They will be serialized at compile-time // and deserialized at runtime. this.formatStrings = Formatter.GetMethodFormatStrings( method ); this.prefix = Formatter.NormalizePrefix( this.prefix ); } public override Type GetExceptionType( MethodBase method ) { return this.exceptionType; } /// <summary> /// Method executed when an exception occurs in the methods to which the current /// custom attribute has been applied. We just write a record to the tracing /// subsystem. /// </summary> /// <param name="context">Event arguments specifying which method /// is being called and with which parameters.</param> public override void OnException( MethodExecutionEventArgs context ) { string message = String.Format("{0}Exception {1} {{{2}}} in {{{3}}}. \r\n\r\nStack Trace {4}", this.prefix, context.Exception.GetType().Name, context.Exception.Message, this.formatStrings.Format(context.Instance, context.Method, context.GetReadOnlyArgumentArray()), context.Exception.StackTrace); if(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName)) { ApplicationLogger.LogException(message, fileName); } else { ApplicationLogger.LogException(message, Source.UtilityService); } } } } To use the above below is the unit test [TestMethod] [ExpectedException(typeof(NotImplementedException))] public void TestMethod1() { MethodThrowingExceptionForLog(); try { MethodThrowingExceptionForLogWithPostSharp(); } catch (NotImplementedException ex) { throw ex; } } private void MethodThrowingExceptionForLog() { try { throw new NotImplementedException(); } catch (NotImplementedException ex) { // create file and then write log ApplicationLogger.TraceMessage("this is a trace message which will be logged in Test1MyFile", @"D:\EL\Test1Myfile.txt"); ApplicationLogger.TraceMessage("this is a trace message which will be logged in YetAnotherTest1Myfile", @"D:\EL\YetAnotherTest1Myfile.txt"); } } // Automatically log details using attributes // Log exception using attributes .... A La WCF [FaultContract(typeof(FaultMessage))] style] [Log(@"D:\EL\Test1MyfileLogPostsharp.txt")] [LogException(typeof(NotImplementedException), @"D:\EL\Test1MyfileExceptionPostsharp.txt")] private void MethodThrowingExceptionForLogWithPostSharp() { throw new NotImplementedException(); } The good thing about the approach is that all the logging and EH is done at centralized location controlled by PostSharp. Of Course, if some other library has to be used instead of EL, it can easily be plugged in. Also, the coder ARE ONLY involved in writing business code in methods, which makes code cleaner. Here is the full source code. The third party assemblies provided are from EL and PostSharp and i presume you will find these useful. Do let me know your thoughts / ideas on the same. Technorati Tags: PostSharp,Enterprize library,C#,Logging,Exception handling

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Creating packages in code - Package Configurations

Continuing my theme of building various types of packages in code, this example shows how to building a package with package configurations. Incidentally it shows you how to add a variable, and a connection too. It covers the five most common configurations: Configuration File Indirect Configuration File SQL Server Indirect SQL Server Environment Variable For a general overview try the SQL Server Books Online Package Configurations topic. The sample uses a a simple helper function ApplyConfig to create or update a configuration, although in the example we will only ever create. The most useful knowledge is the configuration string (Configuration.ConfigurationString) that you need to set. Configuration Type Configuration String Description Configuration File The full path and file name of an XML configuration file. The file can contain one or more configuration and includes the target path and new value to set. Indirect Configuration File An environment variable the value of which contains full path and file name of an XML configuration file as per the Configuration File type described above. SQL Server A three part configuration string, with each part being quote delimited and separated by a semi-colon. -- The first part is the connection manager name. The connection tells you which server and database to look for the configuration table. -- The second part is the name of the configuration table. The table is of a standard format, use the Package Configuration Wizard to help create an example, or see the sample script files below. The table contains one or more rows or configuration items each with a target path and new value. -- The third and final part is the optional filter name. A configuration table can contain multiple configurations, and the filter is literal value that can be used to group items together and act as a filter clause when configurations are being read. If you do not need a filter, just leave the value empty. Indirect SQL Server An environment variable the value of which is the three part configuration string as per the SQL Server type described above. Environment Variable An environment variable the value of which is the value to set in the package. This is slightly different to the other examples as the configuration definition in the package also includes the target information. In our ApplyConfig function this is the only example that actually supplies a target value for the Configuration.PackagePath property. The path is an XPath style path for the target property, \Package.Variables[User::Variable].Properties[Value], the equivalent of which can be seen in the screenshot below, with the object being our variable called Variable, and the property to set is the Value property of that variable object. The configurations as seen when opening the generated package in BIDS: The sample code creates the package, adds a variable and connection manager, enables configurations, and then adds our example configurations. The package is then saved to disk, useful for checking the package and testing, before finally executing, just to prove it is valid. There are some external resources used here, namely some environment variables and a table, see below for more details. namespace Konesans.Dts.Samples { using System; using Microsoft.SqlServer.Dts.Runtime; public class PackageConfigurations { public void CreatePackage() { // Create a new package Package package = new Package(); package.Name = "ConfigurationSample"; // Add a variable, the target for our configurations package.Variables.Add("Variable", false, "User", 0); // Add a connection, for SQL configurations // Add the SQL OLE-DB connection ConnectionManager connectionManagerOleDb = package.Connections.Add("OLEDB"); connectionManagerOleDb.Name = "SQLConnection"; connectionManagerOleDb.ConnectionString = "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;Data Source=(local);Initial Catalog=master;Integrated Security=SSPI;"; // Add our example configurations, first must enable package setting package.EnableConfigurations = true; // Direct configuration file, see sample file this.ApplyConfig(package, "Configuration File", DTSConfigurationType.ConfigFile, "C:\\Temp\\XmlConfig.dtsConfig", string.Empty); // Indirect configuration file, the emvironment variable XmlConfigFileEnvironmentVariable // contains the path to the configuration file, e.g. C:\Temp\XmlConfig.dtsConfig this.ApplyConfig(package, "Indirect Configuration File", DTSConfigurationType.IConfigFile, "XmlConfigFileEnvironmentVariable", string.Empty); // Direct SQL Server configuration, uses the SQLConnection package connection to read // configurations from the [dbo].[SSIS Configurations] table, with a filter of "SampleFilter" this.ApplyConfig(package, "SQL Server", DTSConfigurationType.SqlServer, "\"SQLConnection\";\"[dbo].[SSIS Configurations]\";\"SampleFilter\";", string.Empty); // Indirect SQL Server configuration, the environment variable "SQLServerEnvironmentVariable" // contains the configuration string e.g. "SQLConnection";"[dbo].[SSIS Configurations]";"SampleFilter"; this.ApplyConfig(package, "Indirect SQL Server", DTSConfigurationType.ISqlServer, "SQLServerEnvironmentVariable", string.Empty); // Direct environment variable, the value of the EnvironmentVariable environment variable is // applied to the target property, the value of the "User::Variable" package variable this.ApplyConfig(package, "EnvironmentVariable", DTSConfigurationType.EnvVariable, "EnvironmentVariable", "\\Package.Variables[User::Variable].Properties[Value]"); #if DEBUG // Save package to disk, DEBUG only new Application().SaveToXml(String.Format(@"C:\Temp\{0}.dtsx", package.Name), package, null); Console.WriteLine(@"C:\Temp\{0}.dtsx", package.Name); #endif // Execute package package.Execute(); // Basic check for warnings foreach (DtsWarning warning in package.Warnings) { Console.WriteLine("WarningCode : {0}", warning.WarningCode); Console.WriteLine(" SubComponent : {0}", warning.SubComponent); Console.WriteLine(" Description : {0}", warning.Description); Console.WriteLine(); } // Basic check for errors foreach (DtsError error in package.Errors) { Console.WriteLine("ErrorCode : {0}", error.ErrorCode); Console.WriteLine(" SubComponent : {0}", error.SubComponent); Console.WriteLine(" Description : {0}", error.Description); Console.WriteLine(); } package.Dispose(); } /// <summary> /// Add or update an package configuration. /// </summary> /// <param name="package">The package.</param> /// <param name="name">The configuration name.</param> /// <param name="type">The type of configuration</param> /// <param name="setting">The configuration setting.</param> /// <param name="target">The target of the configuration, leave blank if not required.</param> internal void ApplyConfig(Package package, string name, DTSConfigurationType type, string setting, string target) { Configurations configurations = package.Configurations; Configuration configuration; if (configurations.Contains(name)) { configuration = configurations[name]; } else { configuration = configurations.Add(); } configuration.Name = name; configuration.ConfigurationType = type; configuration.ConfigurationString = setting; configuration.PackagePath = target; } } } The following table lists the environment variables required for the full example to work along with some sample values. Variable Sample value EnvironmentVariable 1 SQLServerEnvironmentVariable "SQLConnection";"[dbo].[SSIS Configurations]";"SampleFilter"; XmlConfigFileEnvironmentVariable C:\Temp\XmlConfig.dtsConfig Sample code, package and configuration file. ConfigurationApplication.cs ConfigurationSample.dtsx XmlConfig.dtsConfig

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MvcExtensions – Bootstrapping

- by kazimanzurrashid

When you create a new ASP.NET MVC application you will find that the global.asax contains the following lines: namespace MvcApplication1 { // Note: For instructions on enabling IIS6 or IIS7 classic mode, // visit http://go.microsoft.com/?LinkId=9394801 public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // Parameter defaults ); } protected void Application_Start() { AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } } } As the application grows, there are quite a lot of plumbing code gets into the global.asax which quickly becomes a design smell. Lets take a quick look at the code of one of the open source project that I recently visited: public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute("Default","{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" }); } protected override void OnApplicationStarted() { Error += OnError; EndRequest += OnEndRequest; var settings = new SparkSettings() .AddNamespace("System") .AddNamespace("System.Collections.Generic") .AddNamespace("System.Web.Mvc") .AddNamespace("System.Web.Mvc.Html") .AddNamespace("MvcContrib.FluentHtml") .AddNamespace("********") .AddNamespace("********.Web") .SetPageBaseType("ApplicationViewPage") .SetAutomaticEncoding(true); #if DEBUG settings.SetDebug(true); #endif var viewFactory = new SparkViewFactory(settings); ViewEngines.Engines.Add(viewFactory); #if !DEBUG PrecompileViews(viewFactory); #endif RegisterAllControllersIn("********.Web"); log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(); RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); Factory.Load(new Components.WebDependencies()); ModelBinders.Binders.DefaultBinder = new Binders.GenericBinderResolver(Factory.TryGet<IModelBinder>); ValidatorConfiguration.Initialize("********"); HtmlValidationExtensions.Initialize(ValidatorConfiguration.Rules); } private void OnEndRequest(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (((HttpApplication)sender).Context.Handler is MvcHandler) { CreateKernel().Get<ISessionSource>().Close(); } } private void OnError(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { CreateKernel().Get<ISessionSource>().Close(); } protected override IKernel CreateKernel() { return Factory.Kernel; } private static void PrecompileViews(SparkViewFactory viewFactory) { var batch = new SparkBatchDescriptor(); batch.For<HomeController>().For<ManageController>(); viewFactory.Precompile(batch); } As you can see there are quite a few of things going on in the above code, Registering the ViewEngine, Compiling the Views, Registering the Routes/Controllers/Model Binders, Settings up Logger, Validations and as you can imagine the more it becomes complex the more things will get added in the application start. One of the goal of the MVCExtensions is to reduce the above design smell. Instead of writing all the plumbing code in the application start, it contains BootstrapperTask to register individual services. Out of the box, it contains BootstrapperTask to register Controllers, Controller Factory, Action Invoker, Action Filters, Model Binders, Model Metadata/Validation Providers, ValueProvideraFactory, ViewEngines etc and it is intelligent enough to automatically detect the above types and register into the ASP.NET MVC Framework. Other than the built-in tasks you can create your own custom task which will be automatically executed when the application starts. When the BootstrapperTasks are in action you will find the global.asax pretty much clean like the following: public class MvcApplication : UnityMvcApplication { public void ErrorLog_Filtering(object sender, ExceptionFilterEventArgs e) { Check.Argument.IsNotNull(e, "e"); HttpException exception = e.Exception.GetBaseException() as HttpException; if ((exception != null) && (exception.GetHttpCode() == (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound)) { e.Dismiss(); } } } The above code is taken from my another open source project Shrinkr, as you can see the global.asax is longer cluttered with any plumbing code. One special thing you have noticed that it is inherited from the UnityMvcApplication rather than regular HttpApplication. There are separate version of this class for each IoC Container like NinjectMvcApplication, StructureMapMvcApplication etc. Other than executing the built-in tasks, the Shrinkr also has few custom tasks which gets executed when the application starts. For example, when the application starts, we want to ensure that the default users (which is specified in the web.config) are created. The following is the custom task that is used to create those default users: public class CreateDefaultUsers : BootstrapperTask { protected override TaskContinuation ExecuteCore(IServiceLocator serviceLocator) { IUserRepository userRepository = serviceLocator.GetInstance<IUserRepository>(); IUnitOfWork unitOfWork = serviceLocator.GetInstance<IUnitOfWork>(); IEnumerable<User> users = serviceLocator.GetInstance<Settings>().DefaultUsers; bool shouldCommit = false; foreach (User user in users) { if (userRepository.GetByName(user.Name) == null) { user.AllowApiAccess(ApiSetting.InfiniteLimit); userRepository.Add(user); shouldCommit = true; } } if (shouldCommit) { unitOfWork.Commit(); } return TaskContinuation.Continue; } } There are several other Tasks in the Shrinkr that we are also using which you will find in that project. To create a custom bootstrapping task you have create a new class which either implements the IBootstrapperTask interface or inherits from the abstract BootstrapperTask class, I would recommend to start with the BootstrapperTask as it already has the required code that you have to write in case if you choose the IBootstrapperTask interface. As you can see in the above code we are overriding the ExecuteCore to create the default users, the MVCExtensions is responsible for populating the ServiceLocator prior calling this method and in this method we are using the service locator to get the dependencies that are required to create the users (I will cover the custom dependencies registration in the next post). Once the users are created, we are returning a special enum, TaskContinuation as the return value, the TaskContinuation can have three values Continue (default), Skip and Break. The reason behind of having this enum is, in some special cases you might want to skip the next task in the chain or break the complete chain depending upon the currently running task, in those cases you will use the other two values instead of the Continue. The last thing I want to cover in the bootstrapping task is the Order. By default all the built-in tasks as well as newly created task order is set to the DefaultOrder(a static property), in some special cases you might want to execute it before/after all the other tasks, in those cases you will assign the Order in the Task constructor. For Example, in Shrinkr, we want to run few background services when the all the tasks are executed, so we assigned the order as DefaultOrder + 1. Here is the code of that Task: public class ConfigureBackgroundServices : BootstrapperTask { private IEnumerable<IBackgroundService> backgroundServices; public ConfigureBackgroundServices() { Order = DefaultOrder + 1; } protected override TaskContinuation ExecuteCore(IServiceLocator serviceLocator) { backgroundServices = serviceLocator.GetAllInstances<IBackgroundService>().ToList(); backgroundServices.Each(service => service.Start()); return TaskContinuation.Continue; } protected override void DisposeCore() { backgroundServices.Each(service => service.Stop()); } } That’s it for today, in the next post I will cover the custom service registration, so stay tuned.

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usb mouse/keyboard doesn't work with 3.11.0-12-generic kernel

- by x-yuri

I can't use my usb keyboard/mouse after upgrade from raring to saucy. The keyboard works in grub menu and if I boot with the previous kernel version (3.8.0-31-generic). My new kernel version is 3.11.0-12-generic. I've got Mad Catz R.A.T.7 wired USB mouse, Canyon CNL-MBMSO02 wired usb mouse and Logitech diNovo Edge wireless keyboard, connected to computer through Logitech Unifying Receiver. Using PS/2 keyboard I've managed to get some information. dmesg says: [ 0.166273] ACPI: bus type USB registered [ 0.166273] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs [ 0.166273] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub [ 0.166273] usbcore: registered new device driver usb ... [ 3.534226] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver [ 3.534228] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver [ 3.534291] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.534299] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: EHCI Host Controller [ 3.534304] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1 [ 3.534315] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: debug port 1 [ 3.538218] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: cache line size of 64 is not supported [ 3.538231] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: irq 18, io mem 0xd3325400 [ 3.548017] ehci-pci 0000:00:1a.7: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00 [ 3.548042] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002 [ 3.548045] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.548048] usb usb1: Product: EHCI Host Controller [ 3.548050] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic ehci_hcd [ 3.548053] usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1a.7 [ 3.548155] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.548159] hub 1-0:1.0: 6 ports detected [ 3.548311] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.548319] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: EHCI Host Controller [ 3.548323] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2 [ 3.548333] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: debug port 1 [ 3.552228] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: cache line size of 64 is not supported [ 3.552239] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: irq 23, io mem 0xd3325000 [ 3.564014] ehci-pci 0000:00:1d.7: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00 [ 3.564044] usb usb2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002 [ 3.564047] usb usb2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.564050] usb usb2: Product: EHCI Host Controller [ 3.564052] usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic ehci_hcd [ 3.564056] usb usb2: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1d.7 [ 3.564163] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.564167] hub 2-0:1.0: 6 ports detected [ 3.564274] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver [ 3.564280] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver [ 3.564281] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver [ 3.564287] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver [ 3.564345] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.564347] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.564352] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3 [ 3.564378] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.0: irq 16, io base 0x0000f0c0 [ 3.564402] usb usb3: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 [ 3.564404] usb usb3: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.564406] usb usb3: Product: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.564408] usb usb3: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic uhci_hcd [ 3.564410] usb usb3: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1a.0 [ 3.564478] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.564482] hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected [ 3.564589] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.1: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.564592] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.1: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.564597] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4 [ 3.564623] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.1: irq 21, io base 0x0000f0a0 [ 3.564647] usb usb4: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 [ 3.564649] usb usb4: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.564651] usb usb4: Product: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.564653] usb usb4: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic uhci_hcd [ 3.564654] usb usb4: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1a.1 [ 3.564727] hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.564730] hub 4-0:1.0: 2 ports detected [ 3.564834] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.2: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.564837] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.2: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.564843] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5 [ 3.564863] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1a.2: irq 18, io base 0x0000f080 [ 3.564885] usb usb5: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 [ 3.564887] usb usb5: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.564889] usb usb5: Product: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.564891] usb usb5: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic uhci_hcd [ 3.564892] usb usb5: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1a.2 [ 3.564962] hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.564966] hub 5-0:1.0: 2 ports detected [ 3.565073] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.565076] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.565081] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 6 [ 3.565101] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.0: irq 23, io base 0x0000f060 [ 3.565124] usb usb6: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 [ 3.565127] usb usb6: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.565128] usb usb6: Product: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.565130] usb usb6: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic uhci_hcd [ 3.565132] usb usb6: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1d.0 [ 3.565195] hub 6-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.565198] hub 6-0:1.0: 2 ports detected [ 3.565303] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.565306] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.565310] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 7 [ 3.565329] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.1: irq 19, io base 0x0000f040 [ 3.565352] usb usb7: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 [ 3.565354] usb usb7: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.565356] usb usb7: Product: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.565358] usb usb7: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic uhci_hcd [ 3.565359] usb usb7: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1d.1 [ 3.565424] hub 7-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.565427] hub 7-0:1.0: 2 ports detected [ 3.565534] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: setting latency timer to 64 [ 3.565537] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.565541] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 8 [ 3.565560] uhci_hcd 0000:00:1d.2: irq 18, io base 0x0000f020 [ 3.565584] usb usb8: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001 [ 3.565587] usb usb8: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1 [ 3.565588] usb usb8: Product: UHCI Host Controller [ 3.565590] usb usb8: Manufacturer: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic uhci_hcd [ 3.565592] usb usb8: SerialNumber: 0000:00:1d.2 [ 3.565658] hub 8-0:1.0: USB hub found [ 3.565661] hub 8-0:1.0: 2 ports detected ... [ 4.120014] usb 2-3: new high-speed USB device number 2 using ehci-pci ... [ 4.468908] usb 2-3: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=0825 [ 4.468912] usb 2-3: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=2 [ 4.468914] usb 2-3: SerialNumber: AF582E10 ... [ 5.284019] usb 5-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using uhci_hcd [ 5.465903] usb 5-2: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=0b04 [ 5.465908] usb 5-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [ 5.465911] usb 5-2: Product: Logitech BT Mini-Receiver [ 5.465914] usb 5-2: Manufacturer: Logitech [ 5.468948] hub 5-2:1.0: USB hub found [ 5.470898] hub 5-2:1.0: 3 ports detected [ 5.476096] Switched to clocksource tsc [ 5.712099] usb 7-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using uhci_hcd [ 5.896366] usb 7-2: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=c52b [ 5.896370] usb 7-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [ 5.896372] usb 7-2: Product: USB Receiver [ 5.896374] usb 7-2: Manufacturer: Logitech [ 6.140016] usb 8-1: new full-speed USB device number 2 using uhci_hcd [ 6.324597] usb 8-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0738, idProduct=1708 [ 6.324603] usb 8-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [ 6.324605] usb 8-1: Product: Mad Catz R.A.T.7 Mouse [ 6.324608] usb 8-1: Manufacturer: Mad Catz [ 6.564012] usb 8-2: new low-speed USB device number 3 using uhci_hcd [ 6.746602] usb 8-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d57, idProduct=0010 [ 6.746608] usb 8-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [ 6.746610] usb 8-2: Product: usb mouse with wheel [ 6.746613] usb 8-2: Manufacturer: HID-Compliant Mouse [ 7.337898] usb 5-2.2: new full-speed USB device number 3 using uhci_hcd [ 7.490902] usb 5-2.2: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=c713 [ 7.490907] usb 5-2.2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [ 7.490910] usb 5-2.2: Product: Logitech BT Mini-Receiver [ 7.490913] usb 5-2.2: Manufacturer: Logitech [ 7.490915] usb 5-2.2: SerialNumber: 001F203BD6A7 [ 7.569898] usb 5-2.3: new full-speed USB device number 4 using uhci_hcd [ 7.722901] usb 5-2.3: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=c714 [ 7.722906] usb 5-2.3: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [ 7.722909] usb 5-2.3: Product: Logitech BT Mini-Receiver [ 7.722911] usb 5-2.3: Manufacturer: Logitech [ 7.722913] usb 5-2.3: SerialNumber: 001F203BD6A7 lsusb (more output): Bus 002 Device 002: ID 046d:0825 Logitech, Inc. Webcam C270 Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 008 Device 003: ID 1d57:0010 Xenta Bus 008 Device 002: ID 0738:1708 Mad Catz, Inc. Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 002: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 005 Device 004: ID 046d:c714 Logitech, Inc. diNovo Edge Keyboard Bus 005 Device 003: ID 046d:c713 Logitech, Inc. Bus 005 Device 002: ID 046d:0b04 Logitech, Inc. Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub More background. Before that I had a problem with logging in to GNOME. During which I upgraded all the packages at one point (apt-get upgrade) and it stopped booting at all (it didn't get to login screen). Then I fixed PATH issue and now I've got this usb-not-working issue. I tried reinstalling kernel, to no effect. Is there anything else I can do to fix or diagnose the problem?

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SQL SERVER – Best Reference – Wait Type – Day 27 of 28

- by pinaldave

I have great learning experience to write my article series on Extended Event. This was truly learning experience where I have learned way more than I would have learned otherwise. Besides my blog series there was excellent quality reference available on internet which one can use to learn this subject further. Here is the list of resources (in no particular order): sys.dm_os_wait_stats (Book OnLine) – This is excellent beginning point and official documentations on the wait types description. SQL Server Best Practices Article by Tom Davidson – I think this document goes without saying the BEST reference available on this subject. Performance Tuning with Wait Statistics by Joe Sack – One of the best slide deck available on this subject. It covers many real world scenarios. Wait statistics, or please tell me where it hurts by Paul Randal – Notes from real world from SQL Server Skilled Master Paul Randal. The SQL Server Wait Type Repository… by Bob Ward – A thorough article on wait types and its resolution. A MUST read. Tracking Session and Statement Level Waits by by Jonathan Kehayias – A unique article on the subject where wait stats and extended events are together. Wait Stats Introductory References By Jimmy May – Excellent collection of the reference links. Great Resource On SQL Server Wait Types by Glenn Berry – A perfect DMV to find top wait stats. Performance Blog by Idera – In depth article on top of the wait statistics in community. I have listed all the reference I have found in no particular order. If I have missed any good reference, please leave a comment and I will add the reference in the list. Read all the post in the Wait Types and Queue series. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Tracking Session and Statement Level Waits Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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SQL SERVER – FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT – Full Text – Wait Type – Day 13 of 28

- by pinaldave

In the last few days during this series, I got many question about this Wait type. It would be great if you read my original related wait stats query in the first post because I have filtered it out in WHERE clause. However, I still get questions about this being one of the most wait types they encounter. The truth is, this is a background task processing and it really does not matter and it should be filtered out. There are many new Wait types related to Full Text Search that are introduced in SQL Server 2008. If you run the following query, you will be able to find them in the list. Currently there is not enough information for all of them available on BOL or any other place. But don’t worry; I will write an in-depth article when I learn more about them. SELECT * FROM sys.dm_os_wait_stats WHERE wait_type LIKE 'FT_%' The result set will contain following rows. FT_RESTART_CRAWL FT_METADATA_MUTEX FT_IFTSHC_MUTEX FT_IFTSISM_MUTEX FT_IFTS_RWLOCK FT_COMPROWSET_RWLOCK FT_MASTER_MERGE FT_IFTS_SCHEDULER_IDLE_WAIT We have understood so far that there is not much information available. But the problem is when you have this Wait type, what should you do? The answer is to filter them out for the moment (i.e, do not pay attention on them) and focus on other pressing issues in wait stats or performance tuning. Here are two of my informal suggestions, which are totally independent from wait stats: Turn off the Full Text Search service in your system if you are not necessarily using it on your server. Learn proper Full Text Search methodology. You can get Michael Coles’ book: Pro Full-Text Search in SQL Server 2008. Now I invite you to speak out your suggestions or any input regarding Full Text-related best practices and wait stats issue. Please leave a comment. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog are generic and vary from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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Interface contracts – forcing code contracts through interfaces

- by DigiMortal

Sometimes we need a way to make different implementations of same interface follow same rules. One option is to duplicate contracts to all implementation but this is not good option because we have duplicated code then. The other option is to force contracts to all implementations at interface level. In this posting I will show you how to do it using interface contracts and contracts class. Using code from previous example about unit testing code with code contracts I will go further and force contracts at interface level. Here is the code from previous example. Take a careful look at it because I will talk about some modifications to this code soon. public interface IRandomGenerator { int Next(int min, int max); } public class RandomGenerator : IRandomGenerator { private Random _random = new Random(); public int Next(int min, int max) { return _random.Next(min, max); } } public class Randomizer { private IRandomGenerator _generator; private Randomizer() { _generator = new RandomGenerator(); } public Randomizer(IRandomGenerator generator) { _generator = generator; } public int GetRandomFromRangeContracted(int min, int max) { Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>( min < max, "Min must be less than max" ); Contract.Ensures( Contract.Result<int>() >= min && Contract.Result<int>() <= max, "Return value is out of range" ); return _generator.Next(min, max); } } If we look at the GetRandomFromRangeContracted() method we can see that contracts set in this method are applicable to all implementations of IRandomGenerator interface. Although we can write new implementations as we want these implementations need exactly the same contracts. If we are using generators somewhere else then code contracts are not with them anymore. To solve the problem we will force code contracts at interface level. NB! To make the following code work you must enable Contract Reference Assembly building from project settings. Interface contracts and contracts class Interface contains no code – only definitions of members that implementing type must have. But code contracts must be defined in body of member they are part of. To get over this limitation, code contracts are defined in separate contracts class. Interface is bound to this class by special attribute and contracts class refers to interface through special attribute. Here is the IRandomGenerator with contracts and contracts class. Also I write simple fake so we can test contracts easily based only on interface mock. [ContractClass(typeof(RandomGeneratorContracts))] public interface IRandomGenerator { int Next(int min, int max); } [ContractClassFor(typeof(IRandomGenerator))] internal sealed class RandomGeneratorContracts : IRandomGenerator { int IRandomGenerator.Next(int min, int max) { Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>( min < max, "Min must be less than max" ); Contract.Ensures( Contract.Result<int>() >= min && Contract.Result<int>() <= max, "Return value is out of range" ); return default(int); } } public class RandomFake : IRandomGenerator { private int _testValue; public RandomGen(int testValue) { _testValue = testValue; } public int Next(int min, int max) { return _testValue; } } To try out these changes use the following code. var gen = new RandomFake(3); try { gen.Next(10, 1); } catch(Exception ex) { Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message); } try { gen.Next(5, 10); } catch(Exception ex) { Debug.WriteLine(ex.Message); } Now we can force code contracts to all types that implement our IRandomGenerator interface and we must test only the interface to make sure that contracts are defined correctly.

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