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  • Telnet connection using c#

    - by alejandrobog
    Our office currently uses telnet to query an external server. The procedure is something like this. Connect - telnet opent 128........ 25000 Query - we paste the query and then hit alt + 019 Response - We receive the response as text in the telnet window So I’m trying to make this queries automatic using a c# app. My code is the following First the connection. (No exceptions) SocketClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); String szIPSelected = txtIPAddress.Text; String szPort = txtPort.Text; int alPort = System.Convert.ToInt16(szPort, 10); System.Net.IPAddress remoteIPAddress = System.Net.IPAddress.Parse(szIPSelected); System.Net.IPEndPoint remoteEndPoint = new System.Net.IPEndPoint(remoteIPAddress, alPort); SocketClient.Connect(remoteEndPoint); Then I send the query (No exceptions) string data ="some query"; byte[] byData = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data); SocketClient.Send(byData); Then I try to receive the response byte[] buffer = new byte[10]; Receive(SocketClient, buffer, 0, buffer.Length, 10000); string str = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); txtDataRx.Text = str; public static void Receive(Socket socket, byte[] buffer, int offset, int size, int timeout) { int startTickCount = Environment.TickCount; int received = 0; // how many bytes is already received do { if (Environment.TickCount > startTickCount + timeout) throw new Exception("Timeout."); try { received += socket.Receive(buffer, offset + received, size - received, SocketFlags.None); } catch (SocketException ex) { if (ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.WouldBlock || ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.IOPending || ex.SocketErrorCode == SocketError.NoBufferSpaceAvailable) { // socket buffer is probably empty, wait and try again Thread.Sleep(30); } else throw ex; // any serious error occurr } } while (received < size); } Every time I try to receive the response I get "an exsiting connetion has forcibly closed by the remote host" if open telnet and send the same query I get a response right away Any ideas, or suggestions?

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  • C# need help debugging socks5-connection attemp

    - by Chuck
    Hi, I've written the following code to (successfully) connect to a socks5 proxy. I send a user/pw auth and get an OK reply (0x00), but as soon as I tell the proxy to connect to whichever ip:port, it gives me 0x01 (general error). Socket socket5_proxy = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); IPEndPoint proxyEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("111.111.111.111"), 1080); // proxy ip, port. fake for posting purposes. socket5_proxy.Connect(proxyEndPoint); byte[] init_socks_command = new byte[4]; init_socks_command[0] = 0x05; init_socks_command[1] = 0x02; init_socks_command[2] = 0x00; init_socks_command[3] = 0x02; socket5_proxy.Send(init_socks_command); byte[] socket_response = new byte[2]; int bytes_recieved = socket5_proxy.Receive(socket_response, 2, SocketFlags.None); if (socket_response[1] == 0x02) { byte[] temp_bytes; string socks5_user = "foo"; string socks5_pass = "bar"; byte[] auth_socks_command = new byte[3 + socks5_user.Length + socks5_pass.Length]; auth_socks_command[0] = 0x05; auth_socks_command[1] = Convert.ToByte(socks5_user.Length); temp_bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(socks5_user); temp_bytes.CopyTo(auth_socks_command, 2); auth_socks_command[2 + socks5_user.Length] = Convert.ToByte(socks5_pass.Length); temp_bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(socks5_pass); temp_bytes.CopyTo(auth_socks_command, 3 + socks5_user.Length); socket5_proxy.Send(auth_socks_command); socket5_proxy.Receive(socket_response, 2, SocketFlags.None); if (socket_response[1] != 0x00) return; byte[] connect_socks_command = new byte[10]; connect_socks_command[0] = 0x05; connect_socks_command[1] = 0x02; // streaming connect_socks_command[2] = 0x00; connect_socks_command[3] = 0x01; // ipv4 temp_bytes = IPAddress.Parse("222.222.222.222").GetAddressBytes(); // target connection. fake ip, obviously temp_bytes.CopyTo(connect_socks_command, 4); byte[] portBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(8888); connect_socks_command[8] = portBytes[0]; connect_socks_command[9] = portBytes[1]; socket5_proxy.Send(connect_socks_command); socket5_proxy.Receive(socket_response); if (socket_response[1] != 0x00) MessageBox.Show("Damn it"); // I always end here, 0x01 I've used this as a reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS#SOCKS_5 Have I completely misunderstood something here? How I see it, I can connect to the socks5 fine. I can authenticate fine. But I/the proxy can't "do" anything? Yes, I know the proxy works. Yes, the target ip is available and yes the target port is open/responsive. I get 0x01 no matter what I try to connect to. Any help is VERY MUCH appreciated! Thanks, Chuck

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  • Socket errors of 10048 on the client? Possible causes?

    - by Earlz
    Hello, I'm writing a custom TCP server and client and on doing a ton of requests (60,000 to be exact) I begin to get this socket error of 10048, which should mean "the address is already in use." The error keeps happening unless I pause the process for like 2 or 3 minutes and then begin it again, and then it begins to bring up the same error a short while after restarting it. If I pause the client process and restart the server process, I still get the same error on the client. So it is a complete client side problem. This does not make sense though, this error only usually occurs when binding and this error happens on the client and not the server. What could be the possible reasons for it? A small excerpt of my initialization: TcpClient client = new TcpClient(); client.Connect("XXXXX -- some ip", 25000); client.NoDelay = true; NetworkStream clientStream = client.GetStream(); Also, everything else seems to be working fine(including the amount of time it takes to send back and forth) and this works perfectly when using 127.0.0.1 but when putting it on another LAN computer I begin to get the 10048 error. Is there something wrong with how I initialize it? What else could cause this error on the client side?

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  • fsockopen soap request

    - by gosom
    I am trying to send a SOAP message to a service using php. I want to do it with fsockopen, here's is the code : <?php $fp = @fsockopen("ssl://xmlpropp.worldspan.com", 443, $errno, $errstr); if (!is_resource($fp)) { die('fsockopen call failed with error number ' . $errno . '.' . $errstr); } $soap_out = "POST /xmlts HTTP/1.1\r\n"; $soap_out .= "Host: 212.127.18.11:8800\r\n"; //$soap_out .= "User-Agent: MySOAPisOKGuys \r\n"; $soap_out .= "Content-Type: text/xml; charset='utf-8'\r\n"; $soap_out .= "Content-Length: 999\r\n\r\n"; $soap_put .= "Connection: close\r\n"; $soap_out .= "SOAPAction:\r\n"; $soap_out .= ' Worldspan This is a test '; if(!fputs($fp, $soap_out, strlen($soap_out))) echo "could not write"; echo "<xmp>".$soap_out."</xmp>"; echo "--------------------<br>"; while (!feof($fp)) { $soap_in .= fgets($fp, 100); } echo "<xmp>$soap_in</xmp>"; fclose($fp); echo "ok"; the above code just hangs . if i remove the while it types ok, so i suppose the problem is at $soap_in .= fgets($fp, 100) Any ideas of what is happening

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  • Java - Save video stream from Socket to File

    - by Alex
    I use my Android application for streaming video from phone camera to my PC Server and need to save them into file on HDD. So, file created and stream successfully saved, but the resulting file can not play with any video player (GOM, KMP, Windows Media Player, VLC etc.) - no picture, no sound, only playback errors. I tested my Android application into phone and may say that in this instance captured video successfully stored on phone SD card and after transfer it to PC played witout errors, so, my code is correct. In the end, I realized that the problem in the video container: data streamed from phone in MP4 format and stored in *.mp4 files on PC, and in this case, file may be incorrect for playback with video players. Can anyone suggest how to correctly save streaming video to a file? There is my code that process and store stream data (without errors handling to simplify): // getOutputMediaFile() returns a new File object DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream (server.getInputStream()); FileOutputStream videoFile = new FileOutputStream(getOutputMediaFile()); int len; byte buffer[] = new byte[8192]; while((len = in.read(buffer)) != -1) { videoFile.write(buffer, 0, len); } videoFile.close(); server.close(); Also, I would appreciate if someone will talk about the possible "pitfalls" in dealing with the conservation of media streams. Thank you, I hope for your help! Alex.

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  • Mysterious socket / HttpWebRequest timeouts

    - by Daniel Mošmondor
    I have a great app for capturing shoutcast streams :-) . So far, it worked with a charm on dozens of machines, and never exhibited behaviour I found now, which is ultimately very strange. I use HttpWebRequest to connect to the shoutcast server and when I connect two streams, everything's OK. When I go for third one, response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); throws with Connection Timeout exception. WTF? I must point out that I had to create .config for the application in order to allow my headers to be sent out from the application, otherwise it wouldn't work at all. Here it is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.net> <settings> <httpWebRequest useUnsafeHeaderParsing = "true" /> </settings> </system.net> </configuration> Does any of this ring a bell?

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  • Raw XML Push from input stream captures only the first line of XML

    - by pqsk
    I'm trying to read XML that is being pushed to my java app. I originally had this in my glassfish server working. The working code in glassfish is as follows: public class XMLPush implements Serializable { public void processXML() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); BufferedReader br = null; try { br = ((HttpServletRequest)FacesContext.getCurrentInstance().getExternalContext().getRequest()).getReader (); String s = null; while((s = br.readLine ()) != null) { sb.append ( s ); } //other code to process xml ........... ............................. }catch(Exception ex) { XMLCreator.exceptionOutput ( "processXML","Exception",ex); } .... ..... }//processXML }//class It works perfect, but my client is unable to have glassfish on their server. I tried grabbing the raw xml from php, but I couldn't get it to work. I decided to open up a socket and listen for the xml push manually. Here is my code for receiving the push: public class ListenerService extends Thread { private BufferedReader reader = null; private String line; public ListenerService ( Socket connection )thows Exception { this.reader = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( connection.getInputStream () ) ); this.line = null; }//ListenerService @Override public void run () { try { while ( (this.line = this.reader.readLine ()) != null) { System.out.println ( this.line ); ........ }//while } System.out.println ( ex.toString () ); } } catch ( Exception ex ) { ... }//catch }//run I haven't done much socket programing, but from what I read for the past week is that passing the xml into a string is bad. What am I doing wrong and why is it that in glassfish server it works, and when I just open a socket myself it doesn't? this is all that I receive from the push: PUT /?XML_EXPORT_REASON=ResponseLoop&TIMESTAMP=1292559547 HTTP/1.1 Host: ************************ Accept: */* Content-Length: 470346 Expect: 100-continue <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> Where did the xml go? Is it because I am placing it in a string? I just need to grab the xml and save it into a file and then process it. Everything else works, but this.Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Does it make sense to have more than one UDP Datagram socket on standby? Are "simultaneous" packets

    - by Gubatron
    I'm coding a networking application on Android. I'm thinking of having a single UDP port and Datagram socket that receives all the datagrams that are sent to it and then have different processing queues for these messages. I'm doubting if I should have a second or third UDP socket on standby. Some messages will be very short (100bytes or so), but others will have to transfer files. My concern is, will the Android kernel drop the small messages if it's too busy handling the bigger ones? Update "The latter function calls sock_queue_rcv_skb() (in sock.h), which queues the UDP packet on the socket's receive buffer. If no more space is left on the buffer, the packet is discarded. Filtering also is performed by this function, which calls sk_filter() just like TCP did. Finally, data_ready() is called, and UDP packet reception is completed."

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  • Does it make sense to have more than one UDP Datagram socket on standby? Are simultaneous packets dr

    - by Gubatron
    I'm coding a networking application on Android. I'm thinking of having a single UDP port and Datagram socket that receives all the datagrams that are sent to it and then have different processing queues for these messages. I'm doubting if I should have a second or third UDP socket on standby. Some messages will be very short (100bytes or so), but others will have to transfer files. My concern is, will the Android kernel drop the small messages if it's too busy handling the bigger ones?

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  • How to limit traffic using multicast over localhost

    - by Shane Holloway
    I'm using multicast UDP over localhost to implement a loose collection of cooperative programs running on a single machine. The following code works well on Mac OSX, Windows and linux. The flaw is that the code will receive UDP packets outside of the localhost network as well. For example, sendSock.sendto(pkt, ('192.168.0.25', 1600)) is received by my test machine when sent from another box on my network. import platform, time, socket, select addr = ("239.255.2.9", 1600) sendSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP) sendSock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 24) sendSock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton("127.0.0.1")) recvSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP) recvSock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True) if hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT'): recvSock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, True) recvSock.bind(("0.0.0.0", addr[1])) status = recvSock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, socket.inet_aton(addr[0]) + socket.inet_aton("127.0.0.1")); while 1: pkt = "Hello host: {1} time: {0}".format(time.ctime(), platform.node()) print "SEND to: {0} data: {1}".format(addr, pkt) r = sendSock.sendto(pkt, addr) while select.select([recvSock], [], [], 0)[0]: data, fromAddr = recvSock.recvfrom(1024) print "RECV from: {0} data: {1}".format(fromAddr, data) time.sleep(2) I've attempted to recvSock.bind(("127.0.0.1", addr[1])), but that prevents the socket from receiving any multicast traffic. Is there a proper way to configure recvSock to only accept multicast packets from the 127/24 network, or do I need to test the address of each received packet?

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  • HttpWebRequest socket operation during WPF binding in a property getter

    - by wpfwannabe
    In a property getter of a C# class I am doing a HTTP GET using HttpWebRequest to some https address. WPF's property binding seems to choke on this. If I try to access the property in a simple method e.g. Button_Clicked, it works perfectly. If I use WPF binding to access the same property, the app seems to be blocked on a socket's recv() method indefinitely. Is it a no-no to do this sort of thing during binding? Is app in some special state during binding? Is there an easy way for me to overcome this limitation and still maintain the same basic idea?

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  • Simple perl program failing to execute

    - by yves Baumes
    Here is a sample that fails: #!/usr/bin/perl -w # client.pl #---------------- use strict; use Socket; # initialize host and port my $host = shift || 'localhost'; my $port = shift || 55555; my $server = "10.126.142.22"; # create the socket, connect to the port socket(SOCKET,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,(getprotobyname('tcp'))[2]) or die "Can't create a socket $!\n"; connect( SOCKET, pack( 'Sn4x8', AF_INET, $port, $server )) or die "Can't connect to port $port! \n"; my $line; while ($line = <SOCKET>) { print "$line\n"; } close SOCKET or die "close: $!"; with the error: Argument "10.126.142.22" isn't numeric in pack at D:\send.pl line 16. Can't connect to port 55555! I am using this version of Perl: This is perl, v5.10.1 built for MSWin32-x86-multi-thread (with 2 registered patches, see perl -V for more detail) Copyright 1987-2009, Larry Wall Binary build 1006 [291086] provided by ActiveState http://www.ActiveState.com Built Aug 24 2009 13:48:26 Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page. While I am running the netcat command on the server side. Telnet does work.

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  • bind() fails with windows socket error 10038

    - by herrturtur
    I'm trying to write a simple program that will receive a string of max 20 characters and print that string to the screen. The code compiles, but I get a bind() failed: 10038. After looking up the error number on msdn (socket operation on nonsocket), I changed some code from int sock; to SOCKET sock which shouldn't make a difference, but one never knows. Here's the code: #include <iostream> #include <winsock2.h> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; const int MAXPENDING = 5; const int MAX_LENGTH = 20; void DieWithError(char *errorMessage); int main(int argc, char **argv) { if(argc!=2){ cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <Port>" << endl; exit(1); } // start winsock2 library WSAData wsaData; if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,0), &wsaData)!=0){ cerr << "WSAStartup() failed" << endl; exit(1); } // create socket for incoming connections SOCKET servSock; if(servSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)==INVALID_SOCKET) DieWithError("socket() failed"); // construct local address structure struct sockaddr_in servAddr; memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr)); servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; servAddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1])); // bind to the local address int servAddrLen = sizeof(servAddr); if(bind(servSock, (SOCKADDR*)&servAddr, servAddrLen)==SOCKET_ERROR) DieWithError("bind() failed"); // mark the socket to listen for incoming connections if(listen(servSock, MAXPENDING)<0) DieWithError("listen() failed"); // accept incoming connections int clientSock; struct sockaddr_in clientAddr; char buffer[MAX_LENGTH]; int recvMsgSize; int clientAddrLen = sizeof(clientAddr); for(;;){ // wait for a client to connect if((clientSock=accept(servSock, (sockaddr*)&clientAddr, &clientAddrLen))<0) DieWithError("accept() failed"); // clientSock is connected to a client // BEGIN Handle client cout << "Handling client " << inet_ntoa(clientAddr.sin_addr) << endl; if((recvMsgSize = recv(clientSock, buffer, MAX_LENGTH, 0)) <0) DieWithError("recv() failed"); cout << "Word in the tubes: " << buffer << endl; closesocket(clientSock); // END Handle client } } void DieWithError(char *errorMessage) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %d\n", errorMessage, WSAGetLastError()); exit(1); }

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  • No feedback from Socket.SendAsync

    - by BowserKingKoopa
    I'm creating a socket and I'm trying to send data through it using SendAsync. My socket isn't connected to anything so I expected to get an error of some sort. However I get nothing. I get no indication that the send didn't work. If I use the synchronous Send method instead of the asynchronous SendAsync method I get an Exception stating that the socket isn't connected to anything. That makes sense to me. When using SendAsync the completed event doesn't ever fire and I get no indication that the send didn't work. So basically my question is how can I tell when SendAsync fails? Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); SocketAsyncEventArgs args = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); args.SetBuffer(new byte[0], 0, 0); args.Completed += delegate(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) { Debug.WriteLine("async send complete"); Debug.WriteLine("SOCKET ERROR: " + e.SocketError); }; bool completedSynchronously = socket.SendAsync(args); if (completedSynchronously) { Debug.WriteLine("sync send complete"); Debug.WriteLine("socket error: " + args.SocketError); }

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  • Transparent proxying - how to pass socket to local server without modification?

    - by Luca Farber
    Hello, I have a program that listens on port 443 and then redirects to either an SSH or HTTPS local server depending on the detected protocol. The program does this by connecting to the local server and proxying all data back and forth through its own process. However, this causes the originating host on the local servers to be logged as localhost. Is there any way to pass the socket directly to the local server process (rather than just making a new TCP connection) so that the parameters of sockaddr_in (or sockaddr_in6) will be retained? Platform for this is Linux.

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  • How to to icmps and traceroutes in Java

    - by Ricardo
    For some reason i cannot even phantom, Java does not have primitives for ICMPs and traceroute. Any idea how to overcome this? Basically im building code that should run in *nix and windows, and need a piece of code that will run in both platforms.. Thanks!

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  • Is there any way to use getaddrinfo() and freeaddrinfo() and still be the program compatible with le

    - by Sam C.
    Hi, in the Winsock2 library getaddrinfo() and freeaddrinfo() was only added in Windows XP and on. I know how to replace them in legacy systems, but a conditional use depending on the Windows version won't help. The application won't start in 9x with a message saying that it was linked to a missing export in WS2_32.dll. I'm using MinGW to compile and link the code and would like to keep using it. Maybe writing those functions by myself? Thank you very much for everything.

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  • TCP Flow control in AS3?

    - by Jeremy Stanley
    I am currently working on a Flash socket client for a pre-existing service/standard. The service uses TCP flow control to throttle itself and the Flash socket is reading in everything as fast as it can despite not being able to process it as fast as it's being taken in. This causes the bytesAvailable on the socket to keep increasing and the server never knows that the client has fallen behind. In short, is there any way to limit the size of bytesAvailable for a Flash Socket object or throttle it in some other way? Note: Rewriting the server isn't a viable option at the current time as it's a standard and the client's utility drops immensely if server-side changes are needed

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  • Unable to connect on socket across different networks.

    - by maleki
    I am having trouble connecting my online application to others across another network. I am able to give them the hostAddress to connect when we are on the same network but when we are doing it across the internet the generated host address doesn't allow a connection, nor does using the ip address gotten from online sites such as whatismyip.com My biggest issue isn't debugging this code, because it works over intra-network but The server doesn't see attempts when we try to move to different networks. Also, the test ip I am using is 2222. InetAddress addr = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); String hostname = addr.getHostName(); System.out.println("Hostname: " + hostname); System.out.println("IP: " + addr.getHostAddress()); I display the host to the server when it is starting if (isClient) { System.out.println("Client Starting.."); clientSocket = new Socket(host, port_number); } else { System.out.println("Server Starting.."); echoServer = new ServerSocket(port_number); clientSocket = echoServer.accept(); System.out.println("Warning, Incoming Game.."); }

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  • java BufferedReader specific length returns NUL characters

    - by Bastien
    I have a TCP socket client receiving messages (data) from a server. messages are of the type length (2 bytes) + data (length bytes), delimited by STX & ETX characters. I'm using a bufferedReader to retrieve the two first bytes, decode the length, then read again from the same bufferedReader the appropriate length and put the result in a char array. most of the time, I have no problem, but SOMETIMES (1 out of thousands of messages received), when attempting to read (length) bytes from the reader, I get only part of it, the rest of my array being filled with "NUL" characters. I imagine it's because the buffer has not yet been filled. char[] bufLen = new char[2]; _bufferedReader.read(bufLen); int len = decodeLength(bufLen); char[] _rawMsg = new char[len]; _bufferedReader.read(_rawMsg); return _rawMsg; I solved the problem in several iterative ways: first I tested the last char of my array: if it wasn't ETX I would read chars from the bufferedReader one by one until I would reach ETX, then start over my regular routine. the consequence is that I would basically DROP one message. then, in order to still retrieve that message, I would find the first occurence of the NUL char in my "truncated" message, read & store additional characters one at a time until I reached ETX, and append them to my "truncated" messages, confirming length is ok. it works also, but I'm really thinking there's something I could do better, like checking if the total number of characters I need are available in the buffer before reading it, but can't find the right way to do it... any idea / pointer ? thanks !

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  • Marshal.PtrToStructure (and back again) and generic solution for endianness swapping

    - by cgyDeveloper
    I have a system where a remote agent sends serialized structures (from and embedded C system) for me to read and store via IP/UDP. In some cases I need to send back the same structure types. I thought I had a nice setup using Marshal.PtrToStructure (receive) and Marshal.StructureToPtr (send). However, a small gotcha is that the network big endian integers need to be converted to my x86 little endian format to be used locally. When I'm sending them off again, big endian is the way to go. Here are the functions in question: private static T BytesToStruct<T>(ref byte[] rawData) where T: struct { T result = default(T); GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(rawData, GCHandleType.Pinned); try { IntPtr rawDataPtr = handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(); result = (T)Marshal.PtrToStructure(rawDataPtr, typeof(T)); } finally { handle.Free(); } return result; } private static byte[] StructToBytes<T>(T data) where T: struct { byte[] rawData = new byte[Marshal.SizeOf(data)]; GCHandle handle = GCHandle.Alloc(rawData, GCHandleType.Pinned); try { IntPtr rawDataPtr = handle.AddrOfPinnedObject(); Marshal.StructureToPtr(data, rawDataPtr, false); } finally { handle.Free(); } return rawData; } And a quick example structure that might be used like this: byte[] data = this.sock.Receive(ref this.ipep); Request request = BytesToStruct<Request>(ref data); Where the structure in question looks like: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, Pack = 1)] private struct Request { public byte type; public short sequence; [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 5)] public byte[] address; } What (generic) way can I swap the endianness when marshalling the structures? My need is such that the locally stored 'public short sequence' in this example will be little-endian for displaying to the user. I don't want to have to swap the endianness on a structure-specific way. My first thought was to use Reflection, but I'm not very familiar with that feature. Also, I hoped that there would be a better solution out there that somebody could point me towards. Thanks in advance :)

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