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• overview/history of resident memory usage

  - by kapet

  I have a fairly complicated program (Python with SWIG'ed C++ code, long running server) that shows a constantly growing resident memory usage. I've been digging with the usual tools for the leak (valgrind, Pythons gc module, etc.) but to no avail so far. I'm a bit afraid that the actual problem is memory fragmentation within Python and/or libc managed memory. Anyway, my question is more specific right now: Is there a tool to visualize resident memory usage and ideally show how it develops over time? I think the raw data is in /proc/$PID/smaps but I was hoping there's some tool that shows me a nice graph of the amounts used by mmap'ed files vs. anonymous mmap'ed memory vs. heap over time so that it's easier to see (literally) what's changing. I couldn't find anything though. Does anybody know of a ready to use tool that graphs memory usage over space and time in an intuitive way?

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• How to get available memory C++/g++ ?

  - by Agito

  I want to allocate my buffers according to memory available. Such that, when I do processing and memory usage goes up, but still remains in available memory limits. Is there a way to get available memory (I don't know will virtual or physical memory status will make any difference ?). And method has to be platform Independent as its going to be used on Windows, OS X, Linux and AIX. (And if possible then I would also like to allocate some of available memory for my application, someone it doesn't change during the execution).

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• Virtual Memory and SSD

  - by Zombian

  While studying for the A+ Exam I was reading about SSD's and I thought to myself that if you had a mobo with a low RAM limit you could use a dedicated SSD purely for Virtual RAM. I looked up some info on line and the info I found said that this was a poor practice but didn't explain why. Why shouldn't SSD's be used for Virtual Memory and what are your thoughts on a dedicated Virtual Memory drive? Thank you!

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• What exactly is a memory page fault?

  - by dontWatchMyProfile

  From the docs: Note: Core Data avoids the term unfaulting because it is confusing. There's no “unfaulting” a virtual memory page fault. Page faults are triggered, caused, fired, or encountered. Of course, you can release memory back to the kernel in a variety of ways (using the functions vm_deallocate, munmap, or sbrk). Core Data describes this as “turning an object into a fault”. Is a Fault in Core Data essentially a memory page fault? I have only a slight idea about what a memory page is. I believe it's a kind of "piece of code in memory" which is needed to execute procedures and stuff like that, and as the app is runing, pieces of code are sucked into memory as "pages" and thrown away as they're not needed anymore. Probably 99% wrong ;) Anyone?

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• How to research unmanaged memory leaks in .NET?

  - by Brandon

  I have a WCF service running over MSMQ. Memory gradually increases over time, indicating that there is some sort of memory leak. I ran the service locally and monitored some counters using PerfMon. Total CLR memory managed heap bytes remains relatively constant, while the process' private bytes increases over time. This leads me to believe that there is some sort of unmanaged memory leak. Assuming that unmanaged memory leak is the issue, how do I address the issue? Are there any tools I could use to give me hints as to what is causing the unmanaged memory leak? Also, all my service is doing is reading from the transactional queue and writing to a database, all as part of a DTC transaction (handled under the hood by requiring a transaction on the service contract). I am not doing anything explicitly with COM or DllImports. Thanks in advance!

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• SQL Server Memory Manager Changes in Denali

  - by SQLOS Team

  The next version of SQL Server will contain significant changes to the memory manager component.  The memory manager component has been rewritten for Denali.  In the previous versions of SQL Server there were two distinct memory managers.  There was one memory manager which handled allocation sizes of 8k or less and another for greater than 8k.  For Denali there will be one memory manager for all allocation sizes.   The majority of the changes will be transparent to the end user.  However, some changes will be visible to the user.  These are listed below: ·         The ‘max server memory’ configuration option has new lower limits.  Specifically, 32-bit versions of SQL Server will have a lower limit of 64 MB.  The 64-bit versions will have a lower limit of 128 MB. ·         All memory allocations by SQL Server components will observe the ‘max server memory’ configuration option.  In previous SQL versions only the 8k allocations were limited the ‘max server memory’ configuration option.  Allocations larger than 8k weren’t constrained. ·         DMVs which refer to memory manager internals have been modified.  This includes adding or removing columns and changing column names. ·         The memory manager configuration messages in the error log have minor changes. ·         DBCC memorystatus output has been changed. ·         Address Windowing Extensions (AWE) has been deprecated.   In the next blog post I will discuss the changes to the memory manager DMVs in greater detail.  In future blog posts I will discuss the other changes in greater detail.  

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• dynamic memory allocation

  - by Ankur

  When we dynamically allocate memory, does the memory occupies the continuous memory segment.

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• When and why will an OS initialise memory to 0xCD, 0xDD, etc. on malloc/free/new/delete?

  - by LeopardSkinPillBoxHat

  I know that the OS will sometimes initialise memory with certain patterns such as 0xCD and 0xDD. What I want to know is when and why this happens. When Is this specific to the compiler used? Do malloc/new and free/delete work in the same way with regard to this? Is it platform specific? Will it occur on other operating systems, such as Linux or VxWorks? Why My understanding is this only occurs in Win32 debug configuration, and it is used to detect memory overruns and to help the compiler catch exceptions. Can you give any practical examples as to how this initialisation is useful? I remember reading something (maybe in Code Complete 2) that it is good to initialise memory to a known pattern when allocating it, and certain patterns will trigger interrupts in Win32 which will result in exceptions showing in the debugger. How portable is this?

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• Memory Troubles with UIImagePicker

  - by Dan Ray

  I'm building an app that has several different sections to it, all of which are pretty image-heavy. It ties in with my client's website and they're a "high-design" type outfit. One piece of the app is images uploaded from the camera or the library, and a tableview that shows a grid of thumbnails. Pretty reliably, when I'm dealing with the camera version of UIImagePickerControl, I get hit for low memory. If I bounce around that part of the app for a while, I occasionally and non-repeatably crash with "status:10 (SIGBUS)" in the debugger. On low memory warning, my root view controller for that aspect of the app goes to my data management singleton, cruises through the arrays of cached data, and kills the biggest piece, the image associated with each entry. Thusly: - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Low Memory Warning" message:@"Cleaning out events data" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"All right then." otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; NSInteger spaceSaved; DataManager *data = [DataManager sharedDataManager]; for (Event *event in data.eventList) { spaceSaved += [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(event.image) length]; event.image = nil; spaceSaved -= [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(event.image) length]; } NSString *titleString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Saved %d on event images", spaceSaved]; for (WondrMark *mark in data.wondrMarks) { spaceSaved += [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(mark.image) length]; mark.image = nil; spaceSaved -= [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(mark.image) length]; } NSString *messageString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"And total %d on event and mark images", spaceSaved]; NSLog(@"%@ - %@", titleString, messageString); // Relinquish ownership any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } As you can see, I'm making a (poor) attempt to eyeball the memory space I'm freeing up. I know it's not telling me about the actual memory footprint of the UIImages themselves, but it gives me SOME numbers at least, so I can see that SOMETHING'S happening. (Sorry for the hamfisted way I build that NSLog message too--I was going to fire another UIAlertView, but realized it'd be more useful to log it.) Pretty reliably, after toodling around in the image portion of the app for a while, I'll pull up the camera interface and get the low memory UIAlertView like three or four times in quick succession. Here's the NSLog output from the last time I saw it: 2010-05-27 08:55:02.659 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 109591 on event images - And total 1419756 on event and mark images wait_fences: failed to receive reply: 10004003 2010-05-27 08:55:08.759 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 392695 on event and mark images 2010-05-27 08:55:14.865 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 873419 on event and mark images 2010-05-27 08:55:14.969 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 4 on event and mark images 2010-05-27 08:55:15.064 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 4 on event and mark images And then pretty soon after that we get our SIGBUS exit. So that's the situation. Now my specific questions: THE time I see this happening is when the UIPickerView's camera iris shuts. I click the button to take the picture, it does the "click" animation, and Instruments shows my memory footprint going from about 10mb to about 25mb, and sitting there until the image is delivered to my UIViewController, where usage drops back to 10 or 11mb again. If we make it through that without a memory warning, we're golden, but most likely we don't. Anything I can do to make that not be so expensive? Second, I have NSZombies enabled. Am I understanding correctly that that's actually preventing memory from being freed? Am I subjecting my app to an unfair test environment? Third, is there some way to programmatically get my memory usage? Or at least the usage for a UIImage object? I've scoured the docs and don't see anything about that.

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• WmiPrvSE memory leak on Windows 2008 *R2*

  - by MichaelGG

  I've seen references on Windows 2008 to WmiPrvSE leaks, but nothing about Windows 2008 R2. We're running R2 on top of Hyper-V (2008). We are also running NSClient++ for monitoring from opsview. Over time, WmiPrvSE.exe starts to use a lot of memory, causing memory alert issues (less than 10% free). VM has 2GB, WmiPrvSE consumes up to 500-600MB before I kill it. Killing the process doesn't seem to have any negative effect; it starts up again and I haven't noticed any problems. But after a day or two, it's back in the same situation. Any ideas on what to do? Resource Monitor doesn't show any Disk or Network IO by WmiPrvSE.exe. Just slowly climbing private memory... Edited to add: We aren't running clustering, or Windows System Resource Manager. The only regular WMI user I can guess is NSClient++, but we don't seem to have this problem on other servers.

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• MPMoviePlayerController on large videos causes massive memory spike, and a level 1 memory warning

  - by Shizam

  When viewing images my application hums along nicely with low memory consumption, once I try to watch a video using MPMoviePlayerController memory usage spikes way up, dwarfing the previous memory graph and if I play the video it causes a 'memory warning. Level=1' message. The video files (mp4) aren't even that big, 40MB or so, and it doesn't matter if I play the file streamed from a URL or loaded from a local file, actually the memory spike is even worse if I try to stream it. Here is the code I use to create the player: if (_photo.videoPath != nil) { _movieViewController=[[MPMoviePlayerViewController alloc] initWithContentURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:_photo.videoPath]]; } else { _movieViewController=[[MPMoviePlayerViewController alloc] initWithContentURL:[NSURL URLWithString:_photo.videoURL]]; } [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(videoMetaListener:) name:MPMovieDurationAvailableNotification object:_movieViewController.moviePlayer]; _movieViewController.moviePlayer.scalingMode=MPMovieScalingModeAspectFit; _movieViewController.moviePlayer.shouldAutoplay = YES; _movieViewController.moviePlayer.controlStyle = MPMovieControlStyleEmbedded; Anybody else running into issues playing video? Also I checked for leaks, there are none reported.

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• Throttling Postfix memory

  - by teddybeard

  I have a VPS on 1and1 similar to this configuration (512MB, burst up to 2GB). I run a web service where I crawl the web and notify my users through email and sms when a certain online data feed changes. When I send the emails out, I just have PHP loop through the recipients list and send the emails out using the mail() function. Whenever I try to send a large volume of these messages out, my server starts acting funny. I can't even run an 'ls' sometimes because the shell tells me it 'cannot allocate memory'. The shell is unusable and yet my website is being served up fine. Mail.err contains: Nov 14 17:30:09 s15351477 postfix/smtp[26000]: fatal: inet_addr_local[getifaddrs]: getifaddrs: Cannot allocate memory Nov 14 17:30:09 s15351477 postfix/sendmail[25999]: fatal: username(1000): unable to execute /usr/sbin/postdrop -r: Success Nov 14 18:29:14 s15351477 postfix/smtp[9911]: fatal: inet_addr_local[getifaddrs]: getifaddrs: Cannot allocate memory Nov 14 18:29:14 s15351477 postfix/sendmail[9910]: fatal: username(1000): unable to execute /usr/sbin/postdrop -r: Success Also, if relevant, my bean counters are: Version: 2.5 uid resource held maxheld barrier limit failcnt 53907331: kmemsize 20779422 21041560 31457280 34603008 2989403 lockedpages 0 0 512 512 0 privvmpages 81488 82498 524288 576716 94640 shmpages 2831 2831 32768 32768 0 dummy 0 0 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807 0 numproc 90 91 128 128 6603 physpages 32692 33531 2147483647 2147483647 0 vmguarpages 0 0 131072 2147483647 0 oomguarpages 32942 33781 9223372036854775807 2147483647 0 numtcpsock 22 23 720 720 0 numflock 27 28 376 413 0 numpty 1 1 32 32 0 numsiginfo 0 1 512 512 0 tcpsndbuf 425888 441064 3440640 5406720 0 tcprcvbuf 369200 376832 3440640 5406720 0 othersockbuf 268000 268464 2252160 4194304 0 dgramrcvbuf 0 8472 524288 576716 0 numothersock 180 182 720 720 0 dcachesize 952146 966231 5242880 5767168 0 numfile 3609 3683 8192 8192 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 dummy 0 0 0 0 0 numiptent 25 25 200 205 0 Is there some way I can throttle postfix to keep it from swamping the system like this? Also wondering: why does email use so many resources, these emails are just short text?

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• 1GB cached memory - Do I need more RAM?

  - by Martin

  The server runs well but I wonder if I should get more RAM. I only have a few MB of "free" memory and 1.2GB of "cached" memory: free: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3945 3893 51 0 28 1216 -/+ buffers/cache: 2648 1296 Swap: 3895 857 3038 I learned that cached memory is used while it's free and not. Is the cached value an indicator for the need of more RAM? cat /proc/meminfo 1 day after flushing the cache: MemTotal: 4040048 kB MemFree: 32844 kB Buffers: 18956 kB Cached: 1249092 kB SwapCached: 161576 kB Active: 3611328 kB Inactive: 189104 kB SwapTotal: 3989496 kB SwapFree: 2894200 kB Dirty: 20520 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 2523496 kB Mapped: 217744 kB Slab: 70940 kB SReclaimable: 36756 kB SUnreclaim: 34184 kB PageTables: 99648 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB CommitLimit: 6009520 kB Committed_AS: 6401716 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 18852 kB VmallocChunk: 34359719439 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB top: top - 17:20:10 up 112 days, 3:06, 1 user, load average: 1.01, 1.62, 1.48 Tasks: 208 total, 1 running, 207 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.6%us, 0.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.5%id, 1.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4040048k total, 3953108k used, 86940k free, 16348k buffers Swap: 3989496k total, 1095712k used, 2893784k free, 1235436k cached

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• Libvirt / QEmu Machine Fails and Refuses Restart Because of Memory Allocation Errors

  - by Elmar Weber

  I'm having a problem with libvirt. On a system restart all virtual machines (VMs) are started without a problem and keep running. Then at some point in time a set of machines shuts down according to their log. When I try to restart the machine, I'm getting an error that the memory allocation failed, although more than enough memory is free. server ~ # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 16176648 16025476 151172 0 285432 950300 -/+ buffers/cache: 14789744 1386904 Swap: 0 0 0 server ~ # virsh start zimbra error: Failed to start domain zimbra error: Unable to read from monitor: Connection reset by peer server ~ # tail -n 4 /var/log/libvirt/qemu/zimbra.log LC_ALL=C PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/bin QEMU_AUDIO_DRV=none /usr/bin/kvm -S -M pc-0.12 -enable-kvm -m 3072 -smp 2,sockets=2,cores=1,threads=1 -name zimbra -uuid d05ddb7a-83c4-a77b-d8bc-a322648520cf -nodefconfig -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/zimbra.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-shutdown -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zimbra.img,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-0,format=raw -device ide-drive,bus=ide.0,unit=0,drive=drive-ide0-0-0,id=ide0-0-0,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=19,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:21:a9:ad,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device isa-serial,chardev=charserial0,id=serial0 -usb -vnc 192.168.1.2:25 -k de -vga cirrus -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 char device redirected to /dev/pts/2 Failed to allocate 3221225472 B: Cannot allocate memory 2012-07-06 08:42:56.076+0000: shutting down server ~ # uname -a Linux server 3.2.0-26-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 14 17:49:24 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux The system is a Ubuntu 12.04 server. The problem seems to occurs since the last restart, which was due to a number of package upgrades and a kernel upgrade. I tried booting with the previous kernel, the problem persists. I was not able to pinpoint an exact event when the machines fail, they do it at nearly the same time. The last time a duplicity job was running, this was not always the case however. Any suggestions on how to debug this? Best regards, elm

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• Reduce "Metafile" memory usage?

  - by Jay Conrod

  My work computer (Windows 7 64-bit) spends a lot of time swapping memory when I switch between programs. This surprises me since I have 4 GB of RAM, and the programs I use aren't particularly RAM hungry (Outlook, Emacs, p4win, Firefox, various build tools). I downloaded RAMMap, and it shows over a gigabyte of memory used by "Metafile". From the Sysinternals blog: Metafile is part of the system cache and consists of NTFS metadata. NTFS metadata includes the MFT as well as the other various NTFS metadata files. ... In the MFT each file attribute record takes 1k and each file has at least one attribute record. Add to this the other NTFS metadata files and you can see why the Metafile category can grow quite large on servers with lots of files. So I understand what the "Metafile" data is... I work on large builds comprising hundreds of thousands of files (none are that big, but they add up to several gigabytes). My question is how can I reduce the amount of memory used by "Metafile"? I'm not actively using all those files at once, so why does Windows need to keep info in RAM? Restarting my machine every time I sync a new build is really annoying.

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• Upgrading memory in a laptop

  - by ulidtko

  I'm a bit confused about all the memory types and various bus frequencies of modern consumer PCs. Requesting expert help on the subject. So far I'm confident that: I have an Asus X51L laptop with an unknown set of configuration options. The CPU in there supports PAE, so I still have a chance to extend the memory beyond 3GiB; and the upper limit of the system is 8GiB. (?) The laptop has two SODIMM slots, one of which is occupied by a 2GiB bank, and the other one is empty. dmidecode and lshw tools consistently state 533 Mhz frequency of the bank. The last one confuses me the most. I failed to find out characteristics of the northbridge in this laptop, and still can't figure out what DDR2 to seek for. Is it DDR2-1066? Or, rather, PC2-8500/PC2-8600? Wouldn't a DDR2-800 bank harm the system's performance? Which kind of modules should I look up in stores? Update: I have bought a 2 GiB DDR2-800 SODIMM, and it seams that the system can't handle 4 GiB of memory. When installed by itself in either slot, both new and old bank (which btw happens to be marked GDDR2-677) work just perfectly; i.e. any configuration resulting in 2 GiB works. When both banks are installed though (totalling in 4 GiB), the memcheck86 tool produces horrible artifacts and crashes, and system reboots; an Ubuntu system can be started and even logged into a Unity session, but the system reboots too in this case from even a minor RAM load. So it's pretty obvious to me now that this laptop doesn't support 4 GiB of RAM or more.

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• Which tool should I use for finding out my memory allocation in Perl?

  - by Colin Newell

  I've slurped in a big file using File::Slurp but given the size of the file I can see that I must have it in memory twice or perhaps it's getting inflated by being turned into 16 bit unicode. How can I best diagnose that sort of a problem in Perl? The file I pulled in is 800mb in size and my perl process that's analysing that data has roughly 1.6gb allocated at runtime. I realise that I may be wrong about my reason for the problem but I'm not sure the most efficient way to prove/disprove my theory.

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• How can I avoid causing memory leaks in Firefox?

  - by mrdanimal

  It seems that there is a lot of information on memory leaks in IE and how web developers can avoid them, but I can't find much on avoiding leaks in FF. I've found lots of random tips on how end users can tweak their preferences, or tips for extension developers, but little on what I can do as a web developer to make sure my pages don't leak. Am I missing something? It seems lazy to just blame it on the user and say "you've got too many extensions". Or are the major patterns the same as in IE -- circular references and all that? Also, if anyone knows of any tools to troubleshoot leaks in FF, that would be great. I found this: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/2490/ But it's apparently just for chrome and extension development.

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• java memory allocation under linux

  - by pstanton

  I'm running 4 java processes with the following command: java -Xmx256m -jar ... and the system has 8Gb memory under fedora 12. however it is apparently going into swap. how can that be if 4 x 256m = 1Gb ? EDIT: also, how can all 8Gb of memory be used with so little memory allocated to basically the only thing running? is it java not garbage collecting because the OS tells it it doesn't need to or what? TOP: top - 20:13:57 up 3:55, 6 users, load average: 1.99, 2.54, 2.67 Tasks: 251 total, 6 running, 245 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 50.1%us, 2.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 45.1%id, 1.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.8%si, 0.0%st Mem: 8252304k total, 8195552k used, 56752k free, 34356k buffers Swap: 10354680k total, 74044k used, 10280636k free, 6624148k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1948 xxxxxxxx 20 0 1624m 240m 4020 S 96.8 3.0 164:33.75 java 1927 xxxxxxxx 20 0 139m 31m 27m R 91.8 0.4 38:34.55 postgres 1929 xxxxxxxx 20 0 1624m 200m 3984 S 86.2 2.5 183:24.88 java 1969 xxxxxxxx 20 0 1624m 292m 3984 S 65.6 3.6 154:06.76 java 1987 xxxxxxxx 20 0 137m 29m 27m R 28.5 0.4 75:49.82 postgres 1581 root 20 0 159m 18m 4712 S 22.5 0.2 52:42.54 Xorg 2411 xxxxxxxx 20 0 309m 9748 4544 S 20.9 0.1 45:05.08 gnome-system-mo 1947 xxxxxxxx 20 0 137m 28m 27m S 13.3 0.4 44:46.04 postgres 1772 xxxxxxxx 20 0 135m 25m 25m S 4.0 0.3 1:09.14 postgres 1966 xxxxxxxx 20 0 137m 29m 27m S 3.0 0.4 64:27.09 postgres 1773 xxxxxxxx 20 0 135m 732 624 S 1.0 0.0 0:24.86 postgres 2464 xxxxxxxx 20 0 15028 1156 744 R 0.7 0.0 0:49.14 top 344 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:02.26 kdmflush 1 root 20 0 4124 620 524 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.88 init 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ksoftirqd/0

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• Which to use - "operator new" or "operator new[]" - to allocate a block of raw memory in C++?

  - by sharptooth

  My C++ program needs a block of uninitialized memory. In C I would use malloc() and later free(). In C++ I can either call ::operator new or ::operator new[] and ::operator delete or operator delete[] respectively later. Looks like both ::operator new and ::operator new[] have exactly the same signature and exactly the same behavior. The same for ::operator delete and ::operator delete[]. The only thing I shouldn't do is pairing operator new with operator delete[] and vice versa - undefined behavior. Other than that which pair do I choose and why?

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• How can I tell what is using the memory when there is a heap overflow in Java?

  - by Grae

  Hi all, I know a little about profiling, but what I am particularlly insterest in, is what has all the memory when I get these heap over flow exceptions. I will start getting them after about a hour of debugging. I am hoping there is some sort of dump or something, that I can use to get a list of what instances are around at the time the program starts. By the way, sorry if this is a lazy question. I really shoud put sometime in learning about profiling. Grae

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• IIS 6 Ram Allocation on Windows Server 2003

  - by chris

  0 down vote favorite share [g+] share [fb] share [tw] I have my IIS 6 running my website. It is on a Windows Server 2003 which has 4GB of RAM. I run SQL intensive code after the user submits a form (math statistics stuff). This process is not threaded (should it be, especially if 2 or more users run the same thing?). But my process seems to consume only a couple of GBs of memory and the server crawls. How do I get my IIS process to use nearly all the memory? I see on other sites that its 2GB or 3GB allocated using boot.ini. But is there another way for the process to use memory? If I make it multithreaded, will there be a process for each thread?

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• What is Causing This Memory Leak in Delphi?

  - by lkessler

  I just can't figure out this memory leak that EurekaLog is reporting for my program. I'm using Delphi 2009. Here it is: Memory Leak: Type=Data; Total size=26; Count=1; The stack is: System.pas _UStrSetLength 17477 System.pas _UStrCat 17572 Process.pas InputGedcomFile 1145 That is all there is in the stack. EurekaLog is pointing me to the location where the memory that was not released was first allocated. According to it, the line in my program is line 1145 of InputGedcomFile. That line is: CurStruct0Key := 'HEAD' + Level0Key; where CurStruct0Key and Level0Key are simply defined in the procedure as local variables that should be dynamically handled by the Delphi memory manager when entering and leaving the procedure: var CurStruct0Key, Level0Key: string; So now I look at the _UStrCat procedure in the System Unit. Line 17572 is: CALL _UStrSetLength // Set length of Dest and I go to the _UStrSetLength procedure in the System Unit, and the relevant lines are: @@isUnicode: CMP [EAX-skew].StrRec.refCnt,1 // !!! MT safety JNE @@copyString // not unique, so copy SUB EAX,rOff // Offset EAX "S" to start of memory block ADD EDX,EDX // Double length to get size JO @@overflow ADD EDX,rOff+2 // Add string rec size JO @@overflow PUSH EAX // Put S on stack MOV EAX,ESP // to pass by reference CALL _ReallocMem POP EAX ADD EAX,rOff // Readjust MOV [EBX],EAX // Store MOV [EAX-skew].StrRec.length,ESI MOV WORD PTR [EAX+ESI*2],0 // Null terminate TEST EDI,EDI // Was a temp created? JZ @@exit PUSH EDI MOV EAX,ESP CALL _LStrClr POP EDI JMP @@exit where line 17477 is the "CALL _ReallocMem" line. So then what is the memory leak? Surely a simple concatenate of a string constant to a local string variable should not be causing a memory leak. Why is EurekaLog pointing me to the ReallocMem line in a _UStrSetLength routine that is part of Delphi? This is Delphi 2009 and I am using the new unicode strings. Any help or explanation here will be much appreciated.

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• Zend php memory memory_limit

  - by RepDetec

  All, I am working on a Zend Framework based web application. We keep encountering out of memory errors on our dev server: Allowed memory size of XXXX bytes exhausted (tried YYYY... We keep increasing memory_limit in php.ini, but it is now up over 1000 megs. What is a normal memory_limit value? What are the usual suspects in php/Zend for running out of memory? We are using the Propel ORM. Thanks for all of the help! Update I cannot reproduce this error in my windows environment. If I set memory_limit low (say 16M), I get the same error, but the "tried to allocate" amount is always something reasonable. For example: (tried to allocate 13344 bytes) If I set the memory very low on the (Fedora 9) server (such as 16M), I get the same thing. consistent, reasonable out of memory errors. However, even when the memory limit is set very high on our server (128M, for example), maybe once a week, I will get an crazy huge memory error: (tried to allocate 1846026201 bytes). I don't know if that might shed any more light onto what is going on. We are using propel 1.5. It sounds like the actual release is going to come out later this month, but it doesn't look like anyone else is having this problem with it anyway. I don't know that Propel is the problem. We are using Zend Server with php 5.2 on the Linux box, and 5.3 locally. Any more ideas? I have a ticket out to get Xdebug installed on the Linux box. Thanks, -rep

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• What does flushing thread local memory to global memory mean?

  - by Jack Griffith

  Hi, I am aware that the purpose of volatile variables in Java is that writes to such variables are immediately visible to other threads. I am also aware that one of the effects of a synchronized block is to flush thread-local memory to global memory. I have never fully understood the references to 'thread-local' memory in this context. I understand that data which only exists on the stack is thread-local, but when talking about objects on the heap my understanding becomes hazy. I was hoping that to get comments on the following points: When executing on a machine with multiple processors, does flushing thread-local memory simply refer to the flushing of the CPU cache into RAM? When executing on a uniprocessor machine, does this mean anything at all? If it is possible for the heap to have the same variable at two different memory locations (each accessed by a different thread), under what circumstances would this arise? What implications does this have to garbage collection? How aggressively do VMs do this kind of thing? Overall, I think am trying to understand whether thread-local means memory that is physically accessible by only one CPU or if there is logical thread-local heap partitioning done by the VM? Any links to presentations or documentation would be immensely helpful. I have spent time researching this, and although I have found lots of nice literature, I haven't been able to satisfy my curiosity regarding the different situations & definitions of thread-local memory. Thanks very much.

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