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• Putting two physical hard drives in a single 2.5" bay?

  - by dgw

  My crazy brain came up with this ridiculous idea. "Why can't I have a single 2.5" drive device that actually contains two independent hard drives? I want RAID 1 data mirroring and the security of having redundant drives. This is a thing that must exist!" To be clear, I am not asking if I can somehow shoehorn two 2.5" drives into a single bay, replace an optical drive with an additional HDD, or anything like that. What I have in mind is a single 2.5"-form-factor device that houses two independent hard drives, with separate housings (likely) and distinct controllers. Probably all they'd need to share is the power & SATA connections. Probably no such thing exists, but because I know there exist hard drives the physical size of a stack of postage stamps (roughly), I have to ask.

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• mdadm: Replacing array with entirely new drives

  - by hellfur

  I have a server with three 500GB drives, with most of my data in a RAID5 configuration spanning the three of them. I just purchased and installed four 1TB drives, and the intention is to move off of the old drives and onto the new ones. I have enough SATA ports and power connectors to power all seven of my drives at once, so I've kept the old RAID running while I figure out what to do with the new drives. My question is: Should I create a whole new array on the 1TB drives, then move everything over and reconfigure linux to boot from the new md arrays? Or should I just expand the array, swapping out each of the three 500GBs with the 1TB, then adding the final drive? I've read up on the mdadm extending drive setup, and it makes sense, but I imagine I would use one of the drives as a full backup while I move things over, then add that drive back into the array once things are up and running on three of the 1TB drives, so there's some complication in going that route as well... I'm just not sure which is safer/recommended.

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• How to remove RAID flag on unstriped drive without losing data?

  - by Alex Folland

  I have a Gigabyte Z68X-UD4-B3 motherboard. It advertises this new thing called "XHD", which is like RAID but makes a SSD and traditional-style drive work together to enable high speed with high capacity. I don't want to use this feature, and I already have Windows 7 64 installed without using this feature. When I first installed my 2 hard drives (1 SSD and 1 traditional-style drive) in my machine and booted it up for the first time, it ran a program from the mobo that asked me if I wanted to set up XHD. Thinking it would go to some config screen, I said yes. It immediately started doing something with my drives and finished. I considered that strange, but figured it wouldn't matter when I simply install Windows onto my SSD only. I now have my BIOS and Windows running in AHCI mode with no RAID arrays and separate drives. My SSD is one of those new Corsair Force GT drives which loses power every so often, causing Windows to BSOD. I've figured everything out about this problem, including installing the latest firmware from Corsair, and the only way to fix it at this point is by installing Intel Rapid Storage Technology to control AHCI instead of Windows, since the Windows AHCI driver disables the drive's power every once in a while and can't be configured not to do so. I've tried installing Intel Rapid Storage Technology. When I reboot my machine after doing so, it BSODs just after the Windows logo. I've figured out this is because my SSD and my traditional drive are flagged as RAID, as seen in the "Intel Matrix Storage Manager" program found by switching the BIOS hard drive handling to "RAID" mode. This is due to the XHD auto-config program I mentioned earlier. Normally, the BIOS is set to AHCI, and when the drives boot in AHCI mode, they work perfectly. So, I've concluded the data is stored in AHCI mode but the drives' flags are set to RAID. I've figured out that I can accomplish my objective by using the "Intel Matrix Storage Manager" program on the mobo (with "Reset disks to non-RAID"), but doing so would cause it to completely wipe the drives I select. I want to simply toggle these flags from RAID to AHCI so Intel Rapid Storage Technology doesn't fail and cause a BSOD upon booting, but without wiping the drives.

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• Simple Ubuntu Server - Expanding disk space - adding a new drive LVM, RAID0 existing setup - how?

  - by NightWolf

  I have a 1TB ext4 partition mounted at / with all my data and Ubuntu 11.04 (natty) installed. Now this drive is almost full (I used it as a database server for some processing). RAID0 is ok, I can take a failure (touch wood). But I need a way to grow this partition. I have a new 1TB drive I want to add, however as my Ubuntu boot and all data is on the one partition I'm not sure how I can go about setting up a RAID0 or LVM array without loosing all my data. So the question is how can I extend my existing ext4 partition over two physical drives without losing data? Thanks!

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• Raid superblock missing on single parition. Recovery needed!

  - by user171639

  Ok so I have a 2 TB raid 1 setup that has three partitions: sdc1: linux sdc2: swap sdc3: LVM for data However the LVM will no longer mount. So I thought that I would take the first drive, mount it in linux (ive done this b4), and reset the spare drive to copy the data. Normally I can mount a single drive for data recovery using: sudo su apt-get install mdadm lvm2 mdadm --assemble --scan modprobe dm-mod vgscan vgchange -ay c mount -o ro /dev/c/c /mnt Unfortunately, vgscan doesnot recognize the data partition. It appears as though the superblock on the first drive's data partition was erased while syncing with the second. So now I cannot mount that partition and the second drive is stuck in spare mode. Any ideas? Or a way to force mount the data partition just to copy the data? knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo su root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# apt-get install mdadm lvm2 Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done lvm2 is already the newest version. mdadm is already the newest version. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 551 not upgraded. root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# mdadm --assemble --scan mdadm: /dev/md/1 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2). mdadm: /dev/md/0 has been started with 1 drive (out of 2). root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# modprobe dm-mod root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... No volume groups found root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] md0 : active raid1 sdc1[2] 4193268 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md1 : active raid1 sdc2[2] 524276 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] unused devices: <none> root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# mdadm -v --assemble --auto=yes /dev/md2 /dev/sdc3 mdadm: looking for devices for /dev/md2 mdadm: no recogniseable superblock on /dev/sdc3 mdadm: /dev/sdc3 has no superblock - assembly aborted root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# dumpe2fs /dev/md0 | grep -i superblock dumpe2fs 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012) Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-1 Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32769 Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98305 Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163841 Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229377 Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294913 Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819201 Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884737 root@Microknoppix:/home/knoppix# Notes: I can read the super block from the spare drive. I was gonna try and restore the superblock from one of the backups, but i dont know how or if this would work. I also heard creating a new array (mdadm --create) using the same parameters will not delete the data on the drive but i didnt want to risk it. Recommendations?

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• SAS Expanders vs Direct Attached (SAS)?

  - by jemmille

  I have a storage unit with 2 backplanes. One backplane holds 24 disks, one backplane holds 12 disks. Each backplane is independently connected to a SFF-8087 port (4 channel/12Gbit) to the raid card. Here is where my question really comes in. Can or how easily can a backplane be overloaded? All the disks in the machine are WD RE4 WD1003FBYX (black) drives that have average writes at 115MB/sec and average read of 125 MB/sec I know things would vary based on the raid or filesystem we put on top of that but it seems to be that a 24 disk backplane with only one SFF-8087 connector should be able to overload the bus to a point that might actually slow it down? Based on my math, if I had a RAID0 across all 24 disks and asked for a large file, I should, in theory should get 24*115 MB/sec wich translates to 22.08 GBit/sec of total throughput. Either I'm confused or this backplane is horribly designed, at least in a perfomance environment. I'm looking at switching to a model where each drive has it's own channel from the backplane (and new HBA's or raid card). EDIT: more details We have used both pure linux (centos), open solaris, software raid, hardware raid, EXT3/4, ZFS. Here are some examples using bonnie++ 4 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 194MB/s 19% 92MB/s 11% 200MB/s 8% 310/sec 194MB/s 19% 93MB/s 11% 201MB/s 8% 312/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 389MB/s 19% 186MB/s 11% 402MB/s 8% 311/sec 8 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 346MB/s 13% 466/sec 324MB/s 32% 164MB/s 19% 348MB/s 14% 465/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 648MB/s 32% 328MB/s 19% 694MB/s 13% 465/sec 12 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 377MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 429MB/s 17% 537/sec 376MB/s 38% 191MB/s 22% 427MB/s 17% 546/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 753MB/s 38% 382MB/s 22% 857MB/s 17% 541/sec Now 16 Disk RAID-0, it's gets interesting WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 359MB/s 34% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1397/sec 358MB/s 33% 186MB/s 22% 407MB/s 18% 1340/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 717MB/s 33% 373MB/s 22% 814MB/s 18% 1368/sec 20 Disk RAID-0, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 371MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 450MB/s 19% 775/sec 370MB/s 37% 188MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 797/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 741MB/s 37% 376MB/s 22% 898MB/s 19% 786/sec 24 Disk RAID-1, ZFS WRITE CPU RE-WRITE CPU READ CPU RND-SEEKS 347MB/s 34% 193MB/s 22% 447MB/s 19% 907/sec 347MB/s 34% 192MB/s 23% 446MB/s 19% 933/sec --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- --------- 694MB/s 34% 386MB/s 22% 894MB/s 19% 920/sec 28 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 32 Disk RAID-0, ZFS 36 Disk RAID-0, ZFS More details: Here is the exact unit: http://www.supermicro.com/products/chassis/4U/847/SC847E1-R1400U.cfm

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• Can I set up a separate RAID 5 devices?

  - by GregH

  I have a GIGABYTE GA-P55M-UD2 motherboard in my system (Windows 7 64 bit) and currently have a Western Digital SATA 10k RPM drive in it. Is it possible to add three more SATA drives to make a single RAID 5 device that is separate from the current 10k rpm drive that I have in it? Once I enable RAID for the SATA drives, I am not required to make all of the drives part of the RAID volume am I? I can have separate RAID'ed and non-RAID'ed volumes can't I?

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• Can I rebuild degraded RAID1 on a SAS 5 i controller with a larger mirror drive size?

  - by Kenny

  A drive failed on a Dell SAS 5i controller - see controller bios screengrab: http://imagebin.ca/view/SkZbszA.html The primary is a 160GB 10k sata drive. I added a 250GB 7k rpm drive in the hope that the array would rebuild onto this drive. This did not happen. (assuming that the controller would just operate at the speed of the slowest drive) The controller could see the new drive, but it didn't automatically rebuild the raid1 onto this drive. (my assumption is that it did not do this rebuild as the drive sizes are different). There was an option to add the new drive to the existing raid1 array - but when I tried this a message appeared stating that all data on the array would be lost. (I didn't get a screenshot of this message, I will later) Should the SAS 5i allow me to rebuild the array onto a larger drive? Is the option to add the drive to the array the right way to go? Many thanks!

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• Linking FreeNAS Boxes

  - by John

  I have two different FreeNAS boxes that are being used for storage. It is possible to link them in a manner that the linked connection can be presented as a single storage destination for clients? For example, I have one FreeNAS installation that has 6 TB of storage and another one that has 4 TB of storage. I would like to be able to present or have a single mapped drive for clients that would be able to span across both of them; however, the client would only see it as one drive. Is this possible? If not, is there a different way I should be approaching this problem? Is there a different OS distribution that would work better for this?

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• 2 drives, slow software RAID1 (md)

  - by bart613

  Hello, I've got a server from hetzner.de (EQ4) with 2* SAMSUNG HD753LJ drives (750G 32MB cache). OS is CentOS 5 (x86_64). Drives are combined together into two RAID1 partitions: /dev/md0 which is 512MB big and has only /boot partitions /dev/md1 which is over 700GB big and is one big LVM which hosts other partitions Now, I've been running some benchmarks and it seems like even though exactly the same drives, speed differs a bit on each of them. # hdparm -tT /dev/sda /dev/sda: Timing cached reads: 25612 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12860.70 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 352 MB in 3.01 seconds = 116.80 MB/sec # hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 25524 MB in 1.99 seconds = 12815.99 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 342 MB in 3.01 seconds = 113.64 MB/sec Also, when I run eg. pgbench which is stressing IO quite heavily, I can see following from iostat output: Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 231.40 0.00 298.00 0.00 9683.20 32.49 0.17 0.58 0.34 10.24 sdb 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 231.40 0.00 301.80 0.00 9740.80 32.28 14.19 51.17 3.10 93.68 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.60 0.00 9692.80 18.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 4.80 8.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 529.00 0.00 9688.00 18.31 24.51 49.91 1.81 95.92 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 152.40 0.00 330.60 0.00 5176.00 15.66 0.19 0.57 0.19 6.24 sdb 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 152.40 0.00 326.20 0.00 5118.40 15.69 19.96 55.36 3.01 98.16 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 482.80 0.00 5166.40 10.70 30.19 56.92 2.05 99.04 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rsec/s wsec/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await svctm %util sda 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sda2 0.00 181.64 0.00 324.55 0.00 5445.11 16.78 0.15 0.45 0.21 6.87 sdb 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 sdb1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 sdb2 0.00 181.84 0.00 328.54 0.00 5493.01 16.72 18.34 61.57 3.01 99.00 md1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 md0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 dm-1 0.00 0.00 0.00 506.39 0.00 5477.05 10.82 28.77 62.15 1.96 99.00 And this is completely getting me confused. How come two exactly the same specced drives have such a difference in write speed (see util%)? I haven't really paid attention to those speeds before, so perhaps that something normal -- if someone could confirm I would be really grateful. Otherwise, if someone have seen such behavior again or knows what is causing such behavior I would really appreciate answer. I'll also add that both "smartctl -a" and "hdparm -I" output are exactly the same and are not indicating any hardware problems. The slower drive was changed already two times (to new ones). Also I asked to change the drives with places, and then sda were slower and sdb quicker (so the slow one was the same drive). SATA cables were changed two times already.

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• SQL Server: One 12-drive RAID-10 array or 2 arrays of 8-drives and 4-drives

  - by ben

  Setting up a box for SQL Server 2008, which would give the best performance (heavy OLTP)? The more drives in a RAID-10 array the better performance, but will losing 4 drives to dedicate them to the transaction logs give us more performance. 12-drives in RAID-10 plus one hot spare. OR 8-drives in RAID-10 for database and 4-drives RAID-10 for transaction logs plus 2 hot spares (one for each array). We have 14-drive slots to work with and it's an older PowerVault that doesn't support global hot spares.

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• Will mirroring with an SSD improve read performance?

  - by Jon-Eric

  If you use Windows 7 to mirror a volume across an SSD drive and a mechanical hard drive, will the read performance be similar to a single SSD drive? I.e. is Windows smart enough to read from them both and use the data that comes back first?

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• Can I rebuild degraded RAID1 on a SAS 5 i controller with a larger mirror drive size?

  - by Kenny

  Hi, A drive failed on a Dell SAS 5i controller - see controller bios screengrab: http://imagebin.ca/view/SkZbszA.html The primary is a 160GB 10k sata drive. I added a 250GB 7k rpm drive in the hope that the array would rebuild onto this drive. This did not happen. (assuming that the controller would just operate at the speed of the slowest drive) The controller could see the new drive, but it didn't automatically rebuild the raid1 onto this drive. (my assumption is that it did not do this rebuild as the drive sizes are different). There was an option to add the new drive to the existing raid1 array - but when I tried this a message appeared stating that all data on the array would be lost. (I didn't get a screenshot of this message, I will later) Should the SAS 5i allow me to rebuild the array onto a larger drive? Is the option to add the drive to the array the right way to go? Many thanks!

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• Any new Sony RAID laptops coming after March 2010?

  - by Simon

  My current Sony laptop has RAID 0 (don't worry I back it up 100% every day). I have 2 × 320gb drives giving me 640gb. I want my next laptop to be RAID but with SSD + 500GB drive Unfortunately Sony's current line seems to have abandoned two disk configuations and I really don't want to go to a slower system than I have now. Anybody know if Sony has any RAID laptops (16" or larger) in the pipeline - or do I have to switch to DELL or something else

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• How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

  - by thiesdiggity

  I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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• Can someone explain the physical architecture of RAID 10 in complete layman's terms?

  - by Hank

  I am a newbie in the world of storage and I am having a hard time digesting the physical architecture of some of the RAID levels. I am particularly interested in RAID 10, and 50. I asked the question specifically about RAID 10, because I feel if I understand that, I'll understand the other. So, I get the definition of RAID 10 - "minimum 4 disks, a striped array whose segments are mirrored". If I've got 4 disks and Disks 1 and 2 are a mirrored pair, and Disks 3 and 4 are a mirrored pair - where does the data get striped? Thanks.

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• Can you change the metadata version on an existing array?

  - by xenoterracide

  So I've been told that grub requires metadata version 0.90 I'm wondering if I can change my existing arrays to use that instead of the default which is 1.2. That way I don't have to go about a reinstall. If yes, how can I do it?

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• How do you monitor the health of a mirrored disk in Windows?

  - by NitroxDM

  I have a Mirrored Dynamic disk on my Windows 2003 Server. How do you monitor the health of the volume? Is there a way to have the server send an email when there is an issue with the volume? Is there a way to have the server run S.M.A.R.T. tests? EDIT: Nothing says WTF like logging into a client server, running DISKPART LIST VOLUME and seeing this. Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info ---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- -------- Volume 0 X xDrive NTFS Mirror 233 GB Failed Rd Volume 1 C NTFS Simple 57 GB Healthy System Volume 2 D DVD-ROM 0 B Healthy Volume 3 F RAW Partition 466 GB Healthy Volume 4 E New Volume NTFS Partition 932 GB Healthy

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• How to setup RAID 1 with Intel RST on an existing Windows 7 system?

  - by instcode

  I'd like to setup RAID-1 using Intel Rapid Storage Technology on my Windows 7 64-bit system. I have an 1TB SATA HDD with Windows 7 system installed on the first primary partition (leftmost, ~200GB). The rest of this HDD is unallocated (~800GB). I bought another 2TB SATA, then created a primary partition (leftmost, ~500GB) and filled my data in. The rest of this HDD is unallocated (~1.5TB). A quick disk layout (XXX is the unallocated region): HDD1 (1TB): [ 200GB C:\ SYSTEM | XXXXXXXXXXXX ] HDD2 (2TB): [ 500GB Z:\ PROGRAM | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ] Now, I want to create a 500GB RAID-1 partition (I'm not sure if using "partition" is correct here) on the rightmost of the 2 HDDs above without losing any existing data from both disks. Here is the expected layout: HDD1 (1TB): [ 200GB C:\ SYSTEM | XXXXXX | 500GB D:\ DATA - RAID-1 ] HDD2 (2TB): [ 500GB Z:\ PROGRAM | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | 500GB D:\ DATA RAID-1] Let's not concern about data lost, is it possible to have that final layout using Intel RST? Previously, I tried this layout using dynamic disk & software RAID from Windows and it worked as expected, however, it's quite ugly in resynching after an OS failure that I don't want. If yes, is there a way to keep the data on existing partitions untouched or, at least, it should keep the SYSTEM partition safe (I'm okay if the PROGRAM partition has to be gone.)? Well, are there any strict/special steps I should follow when using the Intel RST manager in order to achieve that? If none of those questions above are "Yes", could you please suggest some other possible layouts that leave the C:SYSTEM partition untouched?

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• RAID 6 that can read with least 1000 Mbit/s?

  - by Diblo Dk

  I purchased a Dell PERC 6/i which I expected to be able to read with 1000 Mbps. There is not much to do now, but there are some things I wanted knowledge about for another time. I have configured it with four 2 TByte drives and RAID 6. It have 256 MByt ram and transfer rate of 300 Mbps. The benchmark test showed: Min read rate: 136.3 Mbps Max read rate: 329,6 Mbps Avg read rate: 242,2 Mbps What could I had done to get at least 1000 Mbps? Is it normal for internal and external RAID controllers to have a lower transfer rate eg. 300 Mbps? (I did not noticed at the time that it was not 3 Gbps) How would a RAID 10 had performed compared to RAID 6 or 5? Would it have been better to use software RAID (Linux) with the internal 3 Gbps SATA controller? UPDATE: The drives is SATA III 6 Gbps. http://www.seagate.com/files/staticfiles/docs/pdf/datasheet/disc/desktop-hdd-data-sheet-ds1770-1-1212us.pdf (2TB)

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• 5 x 3GB drives and 4 x 1500GB drive best raid setup?

  - by Zen_Silence

  Hello, I am building a file server my plan is the have the Operating system on one raid partition and the data storage on another partition. I currently have 5 x 3GB IDE drives that i would like to put the operating system on theses drives are old but that doesnt matter to me at the moment i have a ton of them so for this raid partition i would probably want to be able to pull out dead a drive and rebuild the array. My file partition is going to consist of 4 x 1.5TB SATA drives I would like the maximum storage with some redundancy. Any suggestions to which Raid level i should use would be greatly appreciated and if you could also suggest a PCI or PCI-e raid controller to handle theses arrays. Thanks in Advance, Zen_Silence

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• Linux RAID0 - relocating member disk

  - by qdot

  I've got an issue I would rather handle with the array online - I am using RAID0 for temporary video storage - data that is low-cost to restore, but that is used frequently. The software array looks like this: md1 : active raid0 sdb1[2] sdc1[3] sdd1[0] sde1[1] 1953487616 blocks 64k chunks I have another partition (sda1) in this system, that I want to use to replace sdc1 (The drives are of varying age, and sdc1 is definitely the slowest one, limiting the entire array's sequential read performance to only 300MB/s). Is there a way to migrate the data from sdc1 to sda1 while the array is still online?

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• ASUS P5B Plus motherboard - no any drives found - how to restore RAID array?

  - by Moha

  We have a small server machine with an ASUS P5B Plus motherboard and 4 SATA HDDs. The HDDs were configured in a RAID10 array. Up until now, everything worked fine, but now the system doesn't recognize the drives. BIOS is set to RAID, jMicron controller is set to RAID, yet I can't see any of the drives in the BIOS setup, and jMicron BIOS tells me "no any drives found" The HDDs all spin up, I hear no clicking sounds or anything that would suggest HDD error. I did a search on this problem and replaced the SATA cables as suggested, but nothing's changed. What I have in mind is checking the CMOS battery and resetting the BIOS to use IDE mode, but I don't know if it will ruin the RAID system on the HDDs. It is not a critical server and there's only one database running on it (which I have backup of), but I don't want to setup the server from scratch if not necessary. What should I try to restore the RAID array and put the server back to working order?

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• Does ZFS replace the need for hardware/software RAID?

  - by user53744

  I want to provide protection against data loss on my servers. Typically, I'd use hardware RAID 1 or 5, but I've been reading up on ZFS. Is it correct that ZFS itself provides RAID 1 or 5 like data protection WITHOUT needing a RAID controller card? If so, I assume a single hard drive is not enough to provide data protection since if that drive fails, all data fails, so how many hard drives do I need to be running for ZFS to provide this protection?

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• Linux mdadm software RAID 6 - does it support bit corruption recovery?

  - by user101203

  Wikipedia says "RAID 2 is the only standard RAID level, other than some implementations of RAID 6, which can automatically recover accurate data from single-bit corruption in data." Does anyone know if the RAID 6 mdadm implementation in Linux is one such implementation that can automatically detect and recover from single-bit data corruption. This pertains to CentOS / Red Hat 6 if those are different from other versions. I tried searching online but didn't have much luck. With SATA error rates being 1 in 1E14 bits, and a 2TB SATA disk containing 1.6E13 bits, this is especially relevant to preventing data corruption. Thanks!

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