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  • What version of Ubuntu to use for Desktop with 8Gb RAM?

    - by Alexander
    This may sound as a stupid question, but I am really interested whether Ubuntu Desktop i386 will be able to use all my available RAM. I want to use the latest, non-LTS version, 10.10. It says on the website that it's (i386) the Recommended version. I also recall that Flash Player had issues with 64 bit Linux. Also, the 64 bit version is listed in the Universal USB Installer as amd64. Does this mean that it's using instruction sets specific to AMD CPUs? (I have an Intel) Will it work fine with Intel? So which one to download and install? What to do to be able to use 8Gb of RAM?

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  • How can I switch Linux running OS from disk to running from RAM without restarting?

    - by vfclists
    Is it possible to switch to running Linux from RAM or RAM disk after starting starting initially from disk? eg. You need to make an image of your hard disk, FTP it to a remote location, some time later you want the image back, so you start the system from disk as usual, restore the image you FTP'd from the remote location back into place. More like a CloneZilla backup and restore, without booting the server from CD or USB disk, but starting from the normal hard disk? Notes on environment I should have mentioned it earlier. It is a remotely hosted VM where I cannot boot into a recovery console mode or do a netinstall. It will always boot onto the same disk. Which means that if there is some serious corruption I can't repair it offline, which is why being able to ftp a previously saved backup into place is so important

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  • Is it reasonable to make a RAID-1 array with a ram disk and a physical disk to maximize read performance and protect data?

    - by Petr Pudlák
    In one of the answers on SO (I forgot which one) I've seen a suggestion to make a RAID-1 array composed of a RAM disk and a physical partition. By adding the physical partition with --write-mostly and enabling --write-behind the system should read everything instantly from the RAM disk but still save all data to the physical partition so that the data are preserved and the RAID array can be assembled again after reboot. Is such a setup reasonable? Will it perform any better in some scenario than having just the physical partition and perhaps tweaking the kernel to favor disk cache (swappiness and vfs_cache_pressure)?

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  • How much ram to be able to convert large (5-6MB) jpegs? [closed]

    - by cosmicbdog
    I've got a project where we want to be processing large jpegs (5-6MB) with apache and php (using GD library). My understanding is that the server converts the image into a BMP making it quite ram heavy and currently we're unable to do it with our 1gb of memory. Here's the error we get: Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 67108864 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 17408 bytes) How much ram should we be looking at running with to process images of this size? Edit: As Chris S the purist highlighted below, my post is apparently vague. I am doing the most basic and common manipulation of an image, say turning it from a 4352px x 3264px jpg of 5mb in size, to a 900px x 675px file.

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  • How do I reduce RAM usage on my server?

    - by Abs
    I have recently launched a site that is very popular but I am having trouble with scalability. My site makes heavy use of FFmpeg and at peak times RAM usage hits the 2 GB point quickly and the swap file starts getting used. CPU usage starts rising too. Users complain that the site is slow. They say this because all FFmpeg instances run very slow because of the number running at the same time. Users make use of FFmpeg on my server in real time. Is there anything I can consider or do to ease down the usage of the server and RAM just shooting up? Maybe there is something better than FFmpeg (!). Is the only solution "throwing some cash" at a more powerful server? I have given little information, please ask for more, so this problem can be solved.

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  • How much faster is a database running in RAM?

    - by orokusaki
    I"m looking to run PostgreSQL in RAM for performance enhancement. The database isn't more than 1GB and shouldn't ever grow to more than 5GB. Is it worth doing? Are there any benchmarks out there? Is it buggy? My second major concern is: How easy is it to back things up when it's running purely in RAM. Is this just like using RAM as tier 1 HD, or is it much more complicated?

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  • How can I find the size of Flash and RAM used by a firmware?

    - by Asad
    Hi Fellas, Please help me in finding the size of Flash (ROM) and RAM used by the firmware. The firmware is implemented using C++. Also I have Keil microvision4, will it be helpful to find the ROM and RAM size? Or do I need to look at the MAP(.M51) file of the firmware to find the memory sizes? Or is just looking at the size of hex files (.hex) enough for locating the size of ROM? Please suggest!

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  • 32-bit Ubuntu or 64-bit w/Intel Atom D510 w/4GB RAM?

    - by T.J. Crowder
    (I've seen this question and some related ones, and perhaps this is a duplicate although part of my question is specific to the Atom D510.) I'm going to be installing Ubuntu on a new silent desktop as my latest (and hopefully last) attempt to switch from Windows to Linux for at least most everyday tasks. The new machine is entirely passvely cooled, but as a consequence, not astonishingly powerful — an Atom D510 (dual-core, 1.6GHz, HT) on Intel's D510MO board. That's fine, I won't use it for gaming, (much) video editing, etc. It's a 64-bit processor and I'm maxing the board out at 4GB of RAM (hey, that 1.6 CPU needs all the help it can get), which naturally raises the question of whether to install Ubuntu 64-bit or 32-bit (and if the latter, either live with the missing RAM, or do the PAE kernel dance). Although I've used Linux on servers for years, I'm very nearly a Linux desktop newbie and am not currently in the mood to fight driver wars and such. So if I'm setting myself up for failure with 64-bit, I'll live with the missing ~0.8GB or fiddle with PAE. But if 64-bit is entirely "ready," great, I'm there. So: Do most mainstream apps (now) play nicely with 64-bit Linux? I can't help but notice the "AMD" in the ISO image filename ubuntu-10.04-desktop-amd64.iso and I know AMD lead the way on this stuff — does Ubuntu 64-bit play nicely with Intel processors? Just generally, would you recommend one or the other? (And if anyone has any experience with Ubuntu specifically on the D510 [32-bit or 64-bit] which might lead me one way or t'other, that would be useful.) Thanks in advance.

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  • Is dual-channel RAM operation independent for each bank?

    - by user553702
    For dual-channel usage of DDR3 SDRAM, what happens if one bank has DIMMs in both channels but the other bank has only one DIMM in one channel? Will the bank with the paired DIMMs operate at the dual-channel rate while the bank with the unpaired DIMM operates at the single-channel rate? Or does having a bank with an unpaired DIMM force all of the RAM to operate as single-channel? For example, if I initially have only one bank populated with paired 4GB sticks operating as dual-channel, what happens if I then add a single 8GB stick to the other channel leaving the last DIMM slot empty? Will this stop the 4GB sticks from being dual-channel? In addition, what happens if each bank has DIMMs of different clock speeds? Does each dual-channel bank operate at an independent speed, or does all of the RAM operate at the slowest DIMM's speed? For example, in the above scenario, what would happen if the 8GB stick I added is slower than the original 4GB sticks in the other bank? Will the (paired) 4GB sticks then operate at a slower speed than before?

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  • When modern computers boot, what initial setup of RAM do they execute, and how does it exactly work?

    - by user272840
    I know the title reeks of confusion, and some of you might assume I am just wondering about how the computer boots in general, but I'm not. But I'll sort this out for you people now: 1.Onboard firmware is how mostly all modern computer devices work, whether or not with EFI/UEFI(even without "onboard firmware", older computers still employed bank switching, or similar methods with snap-in firmware, cartridges, etc.) 2.On startup there is no "programs" running in the traditional sense yet, i.e. no kernel, OS, user-applications; all of the instructions, especially the very first instruction, is specified by the Instruction Pointer, I am guessing. How is the IP/PC/etc. set to first point to an address for a BIOS/firmware/etc. instruction, and how do the BIOS instructions map themself out in memory prior to startup? 3.Aside from MMIO, BIOS uses certain RAM addresses to have instructions. The big ? comes in when I ask this ... how does BIOS do this? Conclusion: I am assuming that with the very first instruction there is an initial hardware setup for BIOS prior to complete OS bootup. What I want to know is if it's hardware engineered to always work this way, if there's another step in this bootup method I am missing, a gap of information I am unaware of, or how this all works from the very first instruction, and the RAM data itself.

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  • How Would I Restrict a Linux Binary to a Limited Amount of RAM?

    - by Ken S.
    I would like to be able to limit an installed binary to only be able to use up to a certain amount of RAM. I don't want it to get killed if it exceeds it, only that that would be the max amount that it could use. The problem I am facing is that I am running an Apache 2.2 server with PHP and some custom code that a developer is writing for us. The problem is that somewhere in there code they launch a PHP exec call that launches ImageMagick's 'convert' to create a resized image file. I'm not privy to a lot of details to the project or the code, but need to find a solution to keep them from killing the server until they can find a way to optimize the code. I had thought that I could do this with /etc/security/limits.conf and setting a limit on the apache user, but it seems to have no effect. This is what I used: www-data hard as 500 If I understand it correctly, this should have limited any apache user process to a maximum to 500kb, however, when I ran a test script that would chew up a lot of RAM, this actually got up to 1.5GB before I killed it. Here is the output of 'ps auxf' after the setting change and a system reboot: USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 5268 0.0 0.0 401072 10264 ? Ss 15:28 0:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 5274 0.0 0.0 402468 9484 ? S 15:28 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start www-data 5285 102 9.4 1633500 1503452 ? Rl 15:29 0:58 | \_ /usr/bin/convert ../tours/28786/.…. www-data 5275 0.0 0.0 401072 5812 ? S 15:28 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start Next I thought I could do it with Apache's RlimitMEM setting, but get the same result of it not getting limited. Here is what I have in my apache.conf file: RLimitMEM 500000 512000 It wasn't until many hours later that I figured out that if the process actually reached that amount that it would die with an OOM error. Would love any ideas on how to set this limit so other things could function on the server, and all of them could play together nicely.

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  • Should I buy more RAM for my computer or a better CPU?

    - by Reijer The Coder
    I have recently bought a new laptop, an ASUS N56VJ-S4149H. I bought it to use it in all possible ways I could want, so that would be gaming downloading and streaming movies browsing the web and programming software. So far it has been running great but one thing annoys me a little bit. I frequently play Mount&Blade: Warband, it's a great game and you should check it out. Everything runs smoothly but only when I turn down the 'Texture Detail'. Otherwise it will lag a lot and I can't really play. Now my question is: Is this a problem of not enough RAM? At first I was really sure it was but after thinking about for a while I'm not anymore. My computer only has 4 Gigabytes of RAM and there is still a slot open. So will it improve when I buy another 8 Gigabytes? EDIT: It has an Nvidia GeForce GT 635M inside. and an Intel Core i5 3230M CPU with 2,6 GHz. Help and answers are really appreciated. Thanks to all.

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  • Debian: What are these files in /sys/devices/pci0000:00/ for?

    - by muhuk
    I am running Debian Squeeze on an MSI M670 laptop. I have these following files on my root drive, each 256MB: file:///sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/resource1 file:///sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:05.0/resource1_wc Here is my lspci output: muhuk@debian:~$ lspci 00:00.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.2 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 1 (rev a2) 00:00.3 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 5 (rev a2) 00:00.4 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 4 (rev a2) 00:00.5 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:00.6 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 3 (rev a2) 00:00.7 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation C51 Memory Controller 2 (rev a2) 00:03.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge (rev a1) 00:05.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation C51 [GeForce Go 6100] (rev a2) 00:09.0 RAM memory: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Host Bridge (rev a2) 00:0a.0 ISA bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 LPC Bridge (rev a3) 00:0a.1 SMBus: nVidia Corporation MCP51 SMBus (rev a3) 00:0a.3 Co-processor: nVidia Corporation MCP51 PMU (rev a3) 00:0b.0 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0b.1 USB Controller: nVidia Corporation MCP51 USB Controller (rev a3) 00:0d.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 IDE (rev a1) 00:0e.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev a1) 00:0f.0 IDE interface: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller (rev a1) 00:10.0 PCI bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 PCI Bridge (rev a2) 00:10.1 Audio device: nVidia Corporation MCP51 High Definition Audio (rev a2) 00:14.0 Bridge: nVidia Corporation MCP51 Ethernet Controller (rev a3) 00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration 00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map 00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller 00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control 04:04.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394): O2 Micro, Inc. Firewire (IEEE 1394) (rev 02) 04:04.2 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MMC/SD Controller (rev 01) 04:04.3 Mass storage controller: O2 Micro, Inc. Integrated MS/xD Controller (rev 01) 04:09.0 Network controller: RaLink RT2561/RT61 rev B 802.11g I am speculating these have something to do with the shared RAM my GPU is using. But why a file on disk? And why two of them?

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  • Programme d'étude sur le C++ bas niveau n° 3 : la Pile, un article d'Alex Darby traduit par ram-0000

    L'objectif de cette série d'articles d'Alex Darby sur la programmation « bas-niveau » est de permettre aux développeurs ayant déjà des connaissances de la programmation C++ de mieux comprendre comment ses programmes sont exécutés en pratique. Ce troisième article explique le rôle et le fonctionnement de la Pile, son usage lors de l'appel d'une fonction, la gestion des variables locales ainsi que la gestion de la valeur de retour d'une fonction. Programme d'étude sur le C++ bas niveau n° 3 : la Pile Connaissiez-vous bien le fonctionnement de la Pile et des appels de fonctions ?

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  • e-verbe : un logiciel de conjugaison des verbes de la langue française en C++, par ram-0000

    e-verbe, un logiciel de conjugaison des verbes de la langue française. La langue française est une langue très riche mais aussi très difficile à maîtriser. Cet article s'intéresse plus à la conjugaison française et présente le programme "e-verbe", fonctionnant sous environnement Microsoft, qui permet de conjuguer un grand nombre de verbes sans fautes. Vos commentaires et remarques sont les bienvenus....

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  • Kaspersky decouvre un virus "fileless" qui s'installe dans la RAM et désactive le contrôle des accès utilisateurs de Windows

    Suite aux indications d'un chercheur indépendant qui « souhaite garder l'anonymat », le laboratoire Kaspersky a découvert un nouveau virus. Celui-ci se propageait via les annonces du réseau publicitaire Russe AdFox.ru, présentes sur des sites d'informations populaires. Ce qui rend ce virus particulier est son mode opératoire. Si l'inclusion d'une iFrame renvoyant vers un site contenant du code malicieux (hébergé sur un site .eu) est classique, la stratégie d'exploitation utilisée est par contre rarissime. Le virus utilise une vulnérabilité critique de la machine virtuelle Java (CVE-2011-3544, pour laquelle il existe un patch depuis six mois) ; mais contrairement aux a...

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  • How to restore/change Alt+Tab behaviour/ram usage and a few other things after Ubuntu upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10?

    - by fiktor
    I use Ubuntu for programming. I recently updated it from 11.04 to 11.10. There are some things I don't like in the new version of Unity desktop interface. I don't actually know if it is hard to restore previous behavior or not, and if it is not, where should I look to do that. I know a bit of programming, but I really don't know much about Linux settings. I used to have 3-6 terminal windows and switch between them with Alt+Tab and Shift+Alt+Tab. I liked half-transparent terminal windows, since with them I could open web-page with some instruction in Firefox, press Alt+Tab and type commands in a console window, being able to recognize text on a web-page under it. Now I have problems with my usual work-style because of the following. List of "negative" changes Alt+Tab shows just one icon for all console windows. When I wait some time, it, however, shows all windows, but I don't like to wait. I prefer to remember order of windows and press Alt+Tab as many times as I need to switch to the right window. Alt+Shift+Tab to switch in reverse order doesn't work now. Console windows are not transparent any more. When I don't wait, and switch to this icon, it shows all console windows altogether. So even if they were transparent, I wouldn't be able to see anything below them (I can read something only from the window, which is directly under current one, not a few levels under). When I run a few console windows in Unity I had 740Mb used on Ubuntu 11.04, but I have 1050Mb now. The question is how to make it back to 750-. I really need my memory, since I use my computer to work with 1512Mb of data and I try to save every 10Mb possible (if it doesn't take too much of machine and, more importantly, my time). When I press "The Super key" I have a field to type the name of the program I want to run. But now it sometimes shows this field, but when I'm trying to type nothing happens. Probably, focus is not on the right field. I don't really mean to restore exactly the same behavior, but I want to make my work in Ubuntu 11.10 efficient (at least as efficient as in Ubuntu 11.04). I would be happy if there are some ways to accomplish that. What have I tried I have installed CompizConfig Settings Manager. I have read this question. However enabling "Static Application Switcher" makes Alt+Tab crazy: after enabling it It says about key-binding conflicts with "Ubuntu Unity Plugin"; "Alt+Tab" switching doesn't change, but "Shift+Alt+Tab" now works and shows all windows; Memory usage increases. I have tried turning off Ubuntu Unity Plugin, but this doesn't seem right thing to do, since it seems to turn off all menus, a lot of keystrokes and app-launcher, which usually activates with "The Super key". I have found, that window transparency can be enabled by "Opacity, Brightness and Saturation" plugin from Accessibility. However I don't know if enabling it is the right thing to do (at least it increases memory usage). Update: everything solved but #3: see my own answer below. I have made a separate question about issue #3 (transparency).

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  • Should I run Ubuntu 64bit on a laptop with 2GB of RAM?

    - by nhanb
    I'm using an Asus K43E laptop with: - Intel Core i3 Sandy Bridge 2.1GHz - 2GB DDR3 - Onboard graphics On the Ubuntu download page, the 32bit version is marked as "recommended", but the community documentation page suggests otherwise: Unless you have specific reasons to choose 32-bit, we recommend 64-bit to utilise the full capacity of your hardware. I use my laptop mostly for Eclipse, apart from regular office applications, then does it make any difference when choosing between 32bit and 64bit?

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  • 1k of Program Space, 64 bytes of RAM. Is assembly an absolute must?

    - by Earlz
    (If your lazy see bottom for TL;DR) Hello, I am planning to build a new (prototype) project dealing with physical computing. Basically, I have wires. These wires all need to have their voltage read at the same time. More than a few hundred microseconds difference between the readings of each wire will completely screw it up. The Arduino takes about 114 microseconds. So the most I could read is 2 or 3 wires before the latency would skew the accuracy of the readings. So my plan is to have an Arduino as the "master" of an array of ATTinys. The arduino is pretty cramped for space, but it's a massive playground compared to the tinys. An ATTiny13A has 1k of flash ROM(program space), 64 bytes of RAM, and 64 bytes of (not-durable and slow) EEPROM. (I'm choosing this for price as well as size) The ATTinys in my system will not do much. Basically, all they will do is wait for a signal from the Master, and then read the voltage of 1 or 2 wires and store it in RAM(or possibly EEPROM if it's that cramped). And then send it to the Master using only 1 wire for data.(no room for more than that!). So far then, all I should have to do is implement trivial voltage reading code (using built in ADC). But this communication bit I'm worried about. Do you think a communication protocol(using just 1 wire!) could even be implemented in such constraints? TL;DR: In less than 1k of program space and 64 bytes of RAM(and 64 bytes of EEPROM) do you think it is possible to implement a 1 wire communication protocol? Would I need to drop to assembly to make it fit? I know that currently my Arduino programs linking to the Wiring library are over 8k, so I'm a bit concerned.

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  • 1k of Program Space, 64 bytes of RAM. Is 1 wire communication possible?

    - by Earlz
    (If your lazy see bottom for TL;DR) Hello, I am planning to build a new (prototype) project dealing with physical computing. Basically, I have wires. These wires all need to have their voltage read at the same time. More than a few hundred microseconds difference between the readings of each wire will completely screw it up. The Arduino takes about 114 microseconds. So the most I could read is 2 or 3 wires before the latency would skew the accuracy of the readings. So my plan is to have an Arduino as the "master" of an array of ATTinys. The arduino is pretty cramped for space, but it's a massive playground compared to the tinys. An ATTiny13A has 1k of flash ROM(program space), 64 bytes of RAM, and 64 bytes of (not-durable and slow) EEPROM. (I'm choosing this for price as well as size) The ATTinys in my system will not do much. Basically, all they will do is wait for a signal from the Master, and then read the voltage of 1 or 2 wires and store it in RAM(or possibly EEPROM if it's that cramped). And then send it to the Master using only 1 wire for data.(no room for more than that!). So far then, all I should have to do is implement trivial voltage reading code (using built in ADC). But this communication bit I'm worried about. Do you think a communication protocol(using just 1 wire!) could even be implemented in such constraints? TL;DR: In less than 1k of program space and 64 bytes of RAM(and 64 bytes of EEPROM) do you think it is possible to implement a 1 wire communication protocol? Would I need to drop to assembly to make it fit? I know that currently my Arduino programs linking to the Wiring library are over 8k, so I'm a bit concerned.

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  • Why are there hard faults when my RAM is not 100% used?

    - by Vilx-
    I've got 2GB of RAM and the resource monitor shows that it's only used about 75%. However there are some apps (NetBeans, Visual Studio) that every once in a while start making a lot of hard faults (up to and over 2000/min), thus predictably slowing down to a crawl. How is this so? The memory usage during these "fits" doesn't change. Perhaps it also includes memory mapped files or something?

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