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• HTG Explains: What AppArmor Is and How It Secures Your Ubuntu System

  - by Chris Hoffman

  AppArmor is an important security feature that’s been included by default with Ubuntu since Ubuntu 7.10. However, it runs silently in the background, so you may not be aware of what it is and what it’s doing. AppArmor locks down vulnerable processes, restricting the damage security vulnerabilities in these processes can cause. AppArmor can also be used to lock down Mozilla Firefox for increased security, but it doesn’t do this by default. How to Use an Xbox 360 Controller On Your Windows PC Download the Official How-To Geek Trivia App for Windows 8 How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic

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• HTG Explains: What Is Open-Source Software and Why You Should Care

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Geeks often describe programs as being “open source” or “free software.” If you’re wondering exactly what these terms mean and why they matter, read on. (No, “free software” doesn’t just mean that you can download it for free.) Whether a program is open-source or not doesn’t just matter to developers, it ultimately matters for users, too. Open-source software licenses give users freedoms they would not otherwise have. Image Credit: Quinn Dombrowski on Flickr How To Use USB Drives With the Nexus 7 and Other Android Devices Why Does 64-Bit Windows Need a Separate “Program Files (x86)” Folder? Why Your Android Phone Isn’t Getting Operating System Updates and What You Can Do About It

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• How to Comment Out and Uncomment Lines in a Configuration File

  - by Chris Hoffman

  You may have seen instructions that tell you to “uncomment” or “comment out” lines in a configuration or source code file. This is a simple process, but may not be self-explanatory to people that don’t understand the file’s structure. The interpreter ignores lines marked as comments, which are only to aid humans in understanding the file. Because of this, comments can be used to disable or enable configuration options in configuration files. How to Use an Xbox 360 Controller On Your Windows PC Download the Official How-To Geek Trivia App for Windows 8 How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic

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• Interviewing someone for general unix skills

  - by Christophe Vanfleteren

  How would you test a developer that claims to have *nix shell experience (just to be clear, we don't want to test if someone can develop on *nix, only that they know their way around the command line). I was thinking about making them solve a problem of getting information out of log files, which would involve some basics like cat, grep, cut, ... combined with piping. What other basic knowledge would you ask for? Once again, this isn't for interviewing someone who will develop for *nix systems, and also not for *nix system admins, but just for regular developers that sometimes need to do some work on a *nix system.

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• X11 forwarding - have window showing on two computers.

  - by Tim

  I currently have 2 desks: one with a mac, the other with a 2 Linux computers on. One of those Linux computers is constantly on, so I would run the chat app on that (pidgin, most likely). I can run pidgin on Mac by sshing into the Linux computer with "ssh -X", i.e. X11 forwarding. However, I want to have the chat windows viewable on both computers simultaneously (or at the very least, by entering a command or whatever). Is this possible and if so, how? (Also: I know that it'd be possible via VNC or whatever, but yuck - X11 on mac is bad enough.) Thanks, Tim

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• How to Downgrade Packages on Ubuntu

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Ubuntu’s Update Manager keeps your packages at the latest version, but occasionally a new package version may not work properly. You can downgrade an installed package and lock it at a specific version to prevent it from being updated. This is particularly useful when you run into an updated package with a regression – a bug that prevents things from working properly. How to Banish Duplicate Photos with VisiPic How to Make Your Laptop Choose a Wired Connection Instead of Wireless HTG Explains: What Is Two-Factor Authentication and Should I Be Using It?

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• Why do I get duplicated entries in my $PATH?

  - by reprogrammer

  I'm using Ubuntu 9.10 (karmic). And, my ~/.pam_environment looks like the following. PATH DEFAULT=${PATH}:~/Adobe/Reader9/bin:~/texlive/2009/bin/x86_64-linux GIT_EDITOR DEFAULT=vim MANPATH DEFAULT=${MANPATH}:~/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/man INFOPATH DEFAULT=${INFOPATH}:~/texlive/2009/texmf/doc/info But, echo $PATH returns me duplicated entries as the following. /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:~/apps/Adobe/Reader9/bin:~/apps/texlive/2009/bin/x86_64-linux:~/apps/Adobe/Reader9/bin:~/apps/texlive/2009/bin/x86_64-linux I've tried replacing DEFAULT by OVERRIDE in my ~/.pam_environment file. But, that didn't help. Does any one know what's wrong with my ~/.pam_environment?

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• django & postgres linux hosting (with SSH access) recommendations

  - by Justin Grant

  We're looking for a good place to host our custom Django app (a fork of OSQA) and its postgresql backend. Requirements include: Linux Python 2.6 or (ideally) Python 2.7 Django 1.2 Postgres 8.4 or later DB backup/restore handled by the hoster, not us OS & dev-platform-stack patching/maintenance handled by the hoster, not us SSH access (so we can pull source code from GitHub, so we can install python eggs, etc.) ability to set up cron jobs (e.g. to send out dail email updates) ability to send up to 10K emails/day good performance (not ganged up with a zillion other sites on one CPU, not starved for RAM) FTP or SCP access to web logs dedicated public IP SSL support Costs under $1000/month for a relatively small site (<5M pageviews/month) Good customer service We already have a prototype site running on EC2 on top of a Bitnami DjangoStack. The problem is that we have to patch the OS, patch postgres, etc. We'd really prefer a platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering, like Heroku offers for Rails apps, where all we need to worry about is deploying our code instead of worrying about system software patching and maintenance. Google App Engine is closest to what we're looking for, but they don't offer relational DB access (not yet at least). Anyone have a recommendation?

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• Set security on pattern of sub folders (Server 2003)

  - by Mark Major

  I have a folder structure similar to the one shown below these paragraphs. How do I change security on every 'Photos' folder without clicking through each individually in Windows Explorer? There are about 50 top level folders (Bob, Jim, Eva, etc, etc) which have the same layout of folders inside. I am keen for any suggestions, either scripting or GUI. I am on Windows Server 2003. Cheap/free method would be good, as the company is part of a registered charity. Ideally I would like to do this via DFS path. E.G. \\mycompany.local\Shared\Staff\Bob\ Thanks for reading. Thanks for any info. Mark Bob Review Profile Photos Jim Review Profile Photos Eva Review Profile Photos

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• Which language is more suitable heavy file tasks?

  - by All

  I need to write a script (based on basic functions) to process /image/audio/video files. The process is mainly filesystem tasks and converts. The database of files has been stored by mysql. The script is simple but cause heavy tasks on the system; for example renaming/converting/copying thousands of file in a run. The script does not read the content of files into memory, it just manage the commands for sub-processes. The main weight is on the communication with filesystem. The script will be used regularly for new files. My concern is about performance. I am thinking of Shell script a complied language like C Please advise which programming language is more suitable for this purpose and why? UPDATE: An example is to scan a folder for images, convert them with ImageMagick, move files to destination folder, get file info, then update the database. As you can see, the process has no room for optimization, and most of languages have similar APIs for popular programs like ImageMagick, MySQL, etc. Thus, it can be written in any language. I just wish to reduce resource usage by speeding up the long loop. NOTE: I know that questions about comparing languages are not favorable, but I really had problem to choose, because the problems can appear in action.

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• Nginx & Lua: Hacks, optimizations & observations

  - by Quintin Par

  Following this post on using Lua to increase nginx’s flexibility and in reducing load on the web stack I am curious to know how people are using Lua to enhance nginx’s capability. Are there any notable hacks, optimizations & observations using Lua? Hacks that people have used to discover capability with Nginx that would otherwise be complicated/impossible with a webserver or reverse proxy? Edit: Links: http://thechangelog.com/post/3249294699/super-nginx-killer-build-of-nginx-build-for-luajit-plus http://skillsmatter.com/podcast/home/scripting-nginx-with-lua/te-4729 http://devblog.mixlr.com/2012/06/26/how-we-use-nginx-lua-and-redis-to-beta-ify-mixlr/

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• Script for run script

  - by user31568

  Hello everyone. There is script: Dim WSHShell, WinDir, Value, wshProcEnv, fso, Spath Set WSHShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Dim objFSO, objFileCopy Dim strFilePath, strDestination Const OverwriteExisting = True Set objFSO = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set windir = objFSO.getspecialfolder(0) objFSO.CopyFile "\dv.rt.ru\SYSVOL\DV.RT.RU\scripts\shutdown.vbs", windir&"\", OverwriteExisting strComputer = "." Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" _ & "{impersonationLevel=impersonate}!\" _ & strComputer & "\root\cimv2") JobID = "1" Set colScheduledJobs = objWMIService.ExecQuery _ ("Select * from Win32_ScheduledJob") For Each objJob in colScheduledJobs objJob.Delete Next Set objNewJob = objWMIService.Get("Win32_ScheduledJob") errJobCreate = objNewJob.Create _ (windir & "\shutdown.vbs", "**093000.000000+660", _ True, 1 OR 2 OR 4 OR 8 OR 16 OR 32 OR 64, ,True, JobId) How make that shutdown.vbs run not at 9:00 once, but run for 9:00 to 12:00 Thanks

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• How to convert Windows filenames (from a checksums.md5) to *nix notation so I can use it on my shell with md5sum?

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  I have some checksums.md5 verification files from an ntfs external drive, but using windows notation: \ instead of /, spaces between file names (not escaped), reserved shell characters (like (, &, ', to name a few). The checksums.md5 has a bunch of checksums and filenames: ;Created by program ;2010 f12f75c1f2d1a658dc32ca6ef9ef3ffc *My Windows & Files (2010)\[bak]\testing.wmv 53445e1a0821b790872e60bd7a166887 *My Windows Files' 2 (2012)\[bak]\testing.wmv 53445e1a0821b790872e60bd7a166887 *My Windows Files ˜nicóde (2012)\[bak]\testing.wmv ;Finished I want to use this checksums.md5 to verify the files that I've copied to my machine: but I'm on a Linux, so I need to convert the names inside checksums.md5 from Windows to Linux to use the md5sum utility from the shell. The first line in my example would become: f12f75c1f2d1a658dc32ca6ef9ef3ffc My\ Windows\ \&\ Files\ \(2010\)/\[bak\]/testing.wmv Is there some application for this (converting a file listing, from windows cmd notation, to linux shell notation) or will I need to create a bash script using sed that just "replaces" what is "wrong" with the filenames?

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• Filename encoding broken after unzip on windows

  - by flammi88

  I zipped a directory on my linux server. Many files in the directory have german umlauts in their filename. The filesystem is ext3 and the system locale is set to de_DE.utf8. I used the following command to create the zip file: zip -r somezip.zip somefolder/ I transfered this file via WinSCP to my windows laptop and unzipped it. The issue: All filenames with german umlauts are broken. On my linux server the filenames are displayed correctly. I assume that I made a mistake when i created the zip file. Has someone any ideas how i can perserve the right filename encoding when I zip the files with the zip command on linux?

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• Simulating .NET's ScriptService in PHP

  An easy-to-use class that allows us to create PHP classes whose methods are automatically exposed in client-side JavaScript.

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• Filename encoding broken after unzip on windows

  - by flammi88

  I zipped a directory on my linux server. Many files in the directory have german umlauts in their filename. The filesystem is ext3 and the system locale is set to de_DE.utf8. I used the following command to create the zip file: zip -r somezip.zip somefolder/ I transfered this file via WinSCP to my windows laptop and unzipped it. The issue: All filenames with german umlauts are broken. On my linux server the filenames are displayed correctly. I assume that I made a mistake when i created the zip file. Has someone any ideas how i can perserve the right filename encoding when I zip the files with the zip command on linux?

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• /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 causing segmentation fault & session crash

  - by Fred Zimmerman

  I am having repeated and frequent crashes ending session whenever I take certain actions such as loading gmail under Chrome. Oddly, the same is not happening when I go to gmail under Chrome. After rooting around in /var/logs it appears to me that he trigger is something to do with libc.so.6 (see below). How can I fix this? 23936.947] [ 23936.947] Backtrace: [ 23936.948] 0: /usr/bin/X (xorg_backtrace+0x49) [0xb7745089] [ 23936.948] 1: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0x189d7a) [0xb7748d7a] [ 23936.948] 2: (vdso) (__kernel_rt_sigreturn+0x0) [0xb759c40c] [ 23936.948] 3: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0xfade7) [0xb76b9de7] [ 23936.948] 4: /usr/bin/X (ValidatePicture+0x1d) [0xb76bcb8d] [ 23936.949] 5: /usr/bin/X (CompositePicture+0xc3) [0xb76bcc83] [ 23936.949] 6: /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so (0xb6f18000+0xcf542) [0xb6fe7542] [ 23936.949] 7: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0x10b1d7) [0xb76ca1d7] [ 23936.949] 8: /usr/bin/X (CompositeGlyphs+0xc4) [0xb76b6d84] [ 23936.949] 9: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0x104956) [0xb76c3956] [ 23936.949] 10: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0xfe6f1) [0xb76bd6f1] [ 23936.949] 11: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0x3798d) [0xb75f698d] [ 23936.949] 12: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0x253ba) [0xb75e43ba] **[ 23936.950] 13: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (__libc_start_main+0xf3) [0xb721d4d3] [ 23936.950] 14: /usr/bin/X (0xb75bf000+0x256f9) [0xb75e46f9] [ 23936.950] [ 23936.950] Segmentation fault at address 0x155 [ 23936.950] Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting [ 23936.950] Please consult the The X.Org Fou**ndation support at http://wiki.x.org for help. [ 23936.950] Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.

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• Target to browse in order to insert a file

  - by Abid

  I have created an application using PHP and HTML. I insert it in my Linux server. I open it from my windows machine using the browser. I should in this application insert a file. When i click "insert file", instead of i have a window that browse the Linux server , i get a window that browse my local machine. And when i click insert , nothing is copied to the server. The code to insert file is: Filename: <input type="file" name="file" id="file"> So what should i do to force this application to browse the Linux machine when i open it from my local machine?

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• mounts aren't case-sensitive

  - by Asi

  I mounted a few drives from Linux boxes in my network, but those mounts aren't case-sensitive. The mount command I used ( from the man mount.cifs, case-sensitive should be the default ): mount //10.0.1.10/remote_folder /local_folder -t cifs -o username=xxxx,password=xxxx but those mounts aren't sensitive. for example doing: ls -l /local_folder/testfile.txt ls -l /local_folder/TESTFILE.TXT give's the same result... instead of 'file not found' Couple of important points: All drives are running on Linux machines. My local machine is running Fedora 18 and it is case-sensitive for ANY folder/file expect the mounted drives. All drive/mounts are case-sensitive when when doing SSH. So if I SSH from my local machine to a remote machine, doing ls -l /local_folder/TESTFILE.TXT will say file not found as it should. So I believe the issue is in my local machine and not in the way I did the mount. but I'm not sure where to look next (I'm new to Linux)

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• Installing Ubuntu before or after upgrading from Vista to Win 7?

  - by andresmh

  I just got a new SSD hard drive for my thinkpad laptop. I just installed Vista with the factory CDs. On my old OS, my main OS was Ubuntu but I do want to keep Windows on a separate partition as a dual booth system. I definitely want to upgrade to Win 7 though and I will get it in a few days. My question is: should I install Ubuntu now and then upgrade to Win 7 in a few days? or is that going to mess up with the grub (or something else)? If that is the case, then I'd rather wait to install Ubuntu until after I upgrade to Vista. P.S. I know that probably any kind of mess done by the Win upgrade could be fixed, but I just want to avoid wasting time.

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• X Error of failed request: BadMatch [migrated]

  - by Andrew Grabko

  I'm trying to execute some "hello world" opengl code: #include <GL/freeglut.h> void displayCall() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); ... Some more code here glutSwapBuffers(); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(500, 500); glutInitWindowPosition(300, 200); glutInitContextVersion(4, 2); glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE); glutCreateWindow("Hello World!"); glutDisplayFunc(displayCall); glutMainLoop(); return 0; } As a result I get: X Error of failed request: BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes) Major opcode of failed request: 128 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 34 () Serial number of failed request: 39 Current serial number in output stream: 40 Here is the stack trace: fghCreateNewContext() at freeglut_window.c:737 0x7ffff7bbaa81 fgOpenWindow() at freeglut_window.c:878 0x7ffff7bbb2fb fgCreateWindow() at freeglut_structure.c:106 0x7ffff7bb9d86 glutCreateWindow() at freeglut_window.c:1,183 0x7ffff7bbb4f2 main() at AlphaTest.cpp:51 0x4007df Here is the last piece of code, after witch the program crashes: createContextAttribs = (CreateContextAttribsProc) fghGetProcAddress("glXCreateContextAttribsARB" ); if ( createContextAttribs == NULL ) { fgError( "glXCreateContextAttribsARB not found" ); } context = createContextAttribs( dpy, config, share_list, direct, attributes ); "glXCreateContextAttribsARB" address is obtained successfully, but the program crashes on its invocation. If I specify OpenGL version less than 4.2 in "glutInitContextVersion()" program runs without errors. Here is my glxinfo's OpelGL version: OpenGL version string: 4.2.0 NVIDIA 285.05.09 I would be very appreciate any further ideas.

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• "sha256sum mismatch jdk-7u3-linux-x64.tar.gz " error when trying to install Oracle Java

  - by Fawkes5

  i recently tried installed java 7 on ubuntu 12.04 and i think i screwed something up I followed the instructions given here. First you need to remove openjdk for this run the following command from your terminal sudo apt-get purge openjdk* Now you can install Java7 by adding the following repository: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:eugenesan/java sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer Now everytime i install a new program i get the following error: Download done. sha256sum mismatch jdk-7u3-linux-x64.tar.gz Oracle JDK 7 is NOT installed. dpkg: error processing oracle-java7-installer (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 Setting up python-central (0.6.17ubuntu1) ... Setting up python-eggtrayicon (2.25.3-11) ... Setting up gmail-notify (1.6.1.1-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for python-central ... Errors were encountered while processing: oracle-java7-installer Error in function: However.The program seems to install and work just fine so it doesn't seem to be a problem preventing me from doing anything So then i reinstalled openjdk by going: sudo apt-get install openjdk* But i still get the same error. going: sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer gives me the same error. What is going on? Please let me know if this is clear or not and ill try to explain my issue better

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• Increasing Screen Resolution to more than limit and scaling to origional

  - by Akshat Mittal

  I have a laptop, with Screen Resolution - 1366x768 (most common) - I want to increase it further to 1600x900 (or higher), in the same ratio. I want to scale the higher resolution on my current screen to fit it. I found xrandr with command xrandr --output LVDS1 --scale 1.4x1.4, this worked but again resulted to another problem, it does the scaling thing but the cursor is still blocked into the native screen resolution and I am not able to move it further, I found that the bug is already filed here. Also this command was only for Linux, I wanted to do this thing with both Linux and Windows (including Windows 8). I want a similar software that is bug free (at least not a major bug like this) and that supports Windows as well (or two separate software for Windows and Linux). Any help is appreciated and Thanks in advance.

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• SDL mouse wheel not picking up

  - by Chris

  Running Ubuntu 11.04, SDL 1.2 trying to pickup mouse wheel up/down movement with this (stripped down) code: int main( int argc, char **argv ) { SDL_MouseButtonEvent *mousebutton = NULL; while ( !done ) { if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_LEFT) yrot += 0.75f; else if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_RIGHT) yrot -= 0.75f; else if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_WHEELUP){ xrot += 0.75f; }else if(mousebutton != NULL && mousebutton->button == SDL_BUTTON_WHEELDOWN){ xrot -= 0.75f; } while ( SDL_PollEvent( &event ) ) { switch( event.type ) { case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mousebutton = &event.button; break; case SDL_MOUSEBUTTONUP: mousebutton = NULL; break; default: break; } } } return 0; } strange thing is, scrolling with the mouse button does nothing, but if I hold down a mouse button or two and then move the mouse it hits the SDL_BUTTON_WHEEL code occasionally. This honestly reeks of a pointer issue, which would make sense since I've been spoiled with C# for the past couple years, but I am just not seeing it. How do i correctly find mouse scroll events in SDL?

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• Need to set mailx variable to specify the From address

  - by user256817

  Running Oracle Linux 5.8 (which is just re-branded RedHat EL 5.8) I must change the From address. But we have scripts that use mailx which cannot be re-written to use any extra flags, so I'd like to use internal variables instead, which I see on the linux.die.net manpage on mailx is an alternative to the -r flag: -r address Sets the From address. Overrides any from variable specified in environment or startup files. Tilde escapes are disabled. The -r address options are passed to the mail transfer agent unless SMTP is used. This option exists for compatibility only; it is recommended to set the from variable directly instead. (Source: http://linux.die.net/man/1/mailx) How can we use these mailx variables? I tried adding this to /root/.mailrc, no go: set [email protected] I also added that to /etc/mail.rc with no gold. So I am turning to you, SuperUsers...

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