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• Ubuntu12.04 crashed while trying to install Ubuntu14.04, no longer have access

  - by FACE

  Posting from my laptop, as my Compaq desktop crashed. Not very computer saavy, and not sure what info I should provide...but here's a start: 9 year old desktop Compaq SR 1650NX, AMD Athlon 3500+ probably 1 gB ram (duh....) Was running 12.04....was attempting to upgrade to 14.04, not sure if I interrupted it. Pretty much stuck on (constantly redirected to) a page which says "GNU Grub version 1.99-2"; it offers several choices (as written): Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic (recovery mode) Previous Linux versions Memory Test (memtest86+) Memory Test (memtest86+, serial console 115200) But none of the selections seem to be able to get me anywhere (i.e., I click yes, but can't seem to run any commands - not that I know anything useful); I escape from those pages by repeatedly hitting CTRL-ALT-DEL Any help would be appreciated; will provide additional info when requested. Thanx (hopefully), in advance. (If I don't respond immediately, it just means I had to attend to other concerns...will leave page open and check back in as often as possible). FACE

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• Indefinite hang when restoring SQL 2005 database on a SQL 2008 server in EC2

  - by erinloy

  I'm trying to restore a 25 GB database backup taken from a Windows 2003/SQL 2005 machine to a Windows 2008/SQL 2008 machine in the Amazon EC2 cloud, using a .bak file and the SQL Management Studio. SQL Management Studio reports the restore reaches 100% complete, and then just hangs indefinitely (24+ hours) using a lot of CPU, until I restart the SQL Server service. Upon restart, SQL again uses a lot of CPU activity for what seems to be an indefinite amount of time, but the DB never comes online. Here are some details: - I have created two EBS volumes, one for DATA and one for LOGS, and I have set the default directories in SQL Server to the \DATA and \LOG directory on these respective volumes. (I wonder if the issue could be related to this, but the DB is too big to restore on the root drive.) - I have given the SQL Server user group full access to these directories. - The server can create a new empty test DB in these directories just fine, and can backup and restore the test DB. - I have tried both restoring of a .bak file and attaching directly to copies of the original .mdf/.ldf files, and the result is the same in both cases. - Both the .bak restore and the .mdf/.ldf attach occur from/to the EBS volumes. - I've also tried the above via SQL script, and "WITH RECOVERY", with no difference in the result, just less UI. - The backup contains two full text indexes. - I have to use "WITH MOVE" for most of the files in the backup. - There's nothing wrong with the backup or .mdf/.ldf files, as this works just fine on a Windows 2003/SQL 2005 machine in the Amazon EC2, but not Windows 2008/SQL 2008. - The DB is NOT marked as "Restoring" in the SQL Management Studio - it is just listed as a normal database, but throws errors when I try to do anything with it (expand the object browser tree, view properties, etc.) Any ideas?

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• How to make 7zip faster

  - by user34463

  I normally use winRAR over 7Zip simply because its faster and only a little less efficient with compression. I did a few tests on different filetypes and sizes comparing the 7zip and winRAR default settings on their normal compression and their best compression, and in a lot of cases winRAR was 50% faster and in some it was actually 100% faster. But, I do like FOSS more. So here are my questions: Is there a way to make 7zip speed up? I'd like it to at least be on par with rar's speed Is there a way to make recovery segments in 7zip like you can in rar? I didn't see any, but I guess it could be a command line thing. I tested winrar and 7zip using the latest stable version of each (4.something with 7zip). Is the 9.x beta release noticeably faster at compression? I'm talking about faster at a comparable setting in WinRAR, not just lowering to bare minimum compression. If it matters, I use a quad core intel i7 720 (1.6ghz)/(2.8ghz) with 4gb DDR3 ram, and the 64-bit version of 7zip.

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• Sorting Algorithms

  - by MarkPearl

  General Every time I go back to university I find myself wading through sorting algorithms and their implementation in C++. Up to now I haven’t really appreciated their true value. However as I discovered this last week with Dictionaries in C# – having a knowledge of some basic programming principles can greatly improve the performance of a system and make one think twice about how to tackle a problem. I’m going to cover briefly in this post the following: Selection Sort Insertion Sort Shellsort Quicksort Mergesort Heapsort (not complete) Selection Sort Array based selection sort is a simple approach to sorting an unsorted array. Simply put, it repeats two basic steps to achieve a sorted collection. It starts with a collection of data and repeatedly parses it, each time sorting out one element and reducing the size of the next iteration of parsed data by one. So the first iteration would go something like this… Go through the entire array of data and find the lowest value Place the value at the front of the array The second iteration would go something like this… Go through the array from position two (position one has already been sorted with the smallest value) and find the next lowest value in the array. Place the value at the second position in the array This process would be completed until the entire array had been sorted. A positive about selection sort is that it does not make many item movements. In fact, in a worst case scenario every items is only moved once. Selection sort is however a comparison intensive sort. If you had 10 items in a collection, just to parse the collection you would have 10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2=54 comparisons to sort regardless of how sorted the collection was to start with. If you think about it, if you applied selection sort to a collection already sorted, you would still perform relatively the same number of iterations as if it was not sorted at all. Many of the following algorithms try and reduce the number of comparisons if the list is already sorted – leaving one with a best case and worst case scenario for comparisons. Likewise different approaches have different levels of item movement. Depending on what is more expensive, one may give priority to one approach compared to another based on what is more expensive, a comparison or a item move. Insertion Sort Insertion sort tries to reduce the number of key comparisons it performs compared to selection sort by not “doing anything” if things are sorted. Assume you had an collection of numbers in the following order… 10 18 25 30 23 17 45 35 There are 8 elements in the list. If we were to start at the front of the list – 10 18 25 & 30 are already sorted. Element 5 (23) however is smaller than element 4 (30) and so needs to be repositioned. We do this by copying the value at element 5 to a temporary holder, and then begin shifting the elements before it up one. So… Element 5 would be copied to a temporary holder 10 18 25 30 23 17 45 35 – T 23 Element 4 would shift to Element 5 10 18 25 30 30 17 45 35 – T 23 Element 3 would shift to Element 4 10 18 25 25 30 17 45 35 – T 23 Element 2 (18) is smaller than the temporary holder so we put the temporary holder value into Element 3. 10 18 23 25 30 17 45 35 – T 23   We now have a sorted list up to element 6. And so we would repeat the same process by moving element 6 to a temporary value and then shifting everything up by one from element 2 to element 5. As you can see, one major setback for this technique is the shifting values up one – this is because up to now we have been considering the collection to be an array. If however the collection was a linked list, we would not need to shift values up, but merely remove the link from the unsorted value and “reinsert” it in a sorted position. Which would reduce the number of transactions performed on the collection. So.. Insertion sort seems to perform better than selection sort – however an implementation is slightly more complicated. This is typical with most sorting algorithms – generally, greater performance leads to greater complexity. Also, insertion sort performs better if a collection of data is already sorted. If for instance you were handed a sorted collection of size n, then only n number of comparisons would need to be performed to verify that it is sorted. It’s important to note that insertion sort (array based) performs a number item moves – every time an item is “out of place” several items before it get shifted up. Shellsort – Diminishing Increment Sort So up to now we have covered Selection Sort & Insertion Sort. Selection Sort makes many comparisons and insertion sort (with an array) has the potential of making many item movements. Shellsort is an approach that takes the normal insertion sort and tries to reduce the number of item movements. In Shellsort, elements in a collection are viewed as sub-collections of a particular size. Each sub-collection is sorted so that the elements that are far apart move closer to their final position. Suppose we had a collection of 15 elements… 10 20 15 45 36 48 7 60 18 50 2 19 43 30 55 First we may view the collection as 7 sub-collections and sort each sublist, lets say at intervals of 7 10 60 55 – 20 18 – 15 50 – 45 2 – 36 19 – 48 43 – 7 30 10 55 60 – 18 20 – 15 50 – 2 45 – 19 36 – 43 48 – 7 30 (Sorted) We then sort each sublist at a smaller inter – lets say 4 10 55 60 18 – 20 15 50 2 – 45 19 36 43 – 48 7 30 10 18 55 60 – 2 15 20 50 – 19 36 43 45 – 7 30 48 (Sorted) We then sort elements at a distance of 1 (i.e. we apply a normal insertion sort) 10 18 55 60 2 15 20 50 19 36 43 45 7 30 48 2 7 10 15 18 19 20 30 36 43 45 48 50 55 (Sorted) The important thing with shellsort is deciding on the increment sequence of each sub-collection. From what I can tell, there isn’t any definitive method and depending on the order of your elements, different increment sequences may perform better than others. There are however certain increment sequences that you may want to avoid. An even based increment sequence (e.g. 2 4 8 16 32 …) should typically be avoided because it does not allow for even elements to be compared with odd elements until the final sort phase – which in a way would negate many of the benefits of using sub-collections. The performance on the number of comparisons and item movements of Shellsort is hard to determine, however it is considered to be considerably better than the normal insertion sort. Quicksort Quicksort uses a divide and conquer approach to sort a collection of items. The collection is divided into two sub-collections – and the two sub-collections are sorted and combined into one list in such a way that the combined list is sorted. The algorithm is in general pseudo code below… Divide the collection into two sub-collections Quicksort the lower sub-collection Quicksort the upper sub-collection Combine the lower & upper sub-collection together As hinted at above, quicksort uses recursion in its implementation. The real trick with quicksort is to get the lower and upper sub-collections to be of equal size. The size of a sub-collection is determined by what value the pivot is. Once a pivot is determined, one would partition to sub-collections and then repeat the process on each sub collection until you reach the base case. With quicksort, the work is done when dividing the sub-collections into lower & upper collections. The actual combining of the lower & upper sub-collections at the end is relatively simple since every element in the lower sub-collection is smaller than the smallest element in the upper sub-collection. Mergesort With quicksort, the average-case complexity was O(nlog2n) however the worst case complexity was still O(N*N). Mergesort improves on quicksort by always having a complexity of O(nlog2n) regardless of the best or worst case. So how does it do this? Mergesort makes use of the divide and conquer approach to partition a collection into two sub-collections. It then sorts each sub-collection and combines the sorted sub-collections into one sorted collection. The general algorithm for mergesort is as follows… Divide the collection into two sub-collections Mergesort the first sub-collection Mergesort the second sub-collection Merge the first sub-collection and the second sub-collection As you can see.. it still pretty much looks like quicksort – so lets see where it differs… Firstly, mergesort differs from quicksort in how it partitions the sub-collections. Instead of having a pivot – merge sort partitions each sub-collection based on size so that the first and second sub-collection of relatively the same size. This dividing keeps getting repeated until the sub-collections are the size of a single element. If a sub-collection is one element in size – it is now sorted! So the trick is how do we put all these sub-collections together so that they maintain their sorted order. Sorted sub-collections are merged into a sorted collection by comparing the elements of the sub-collection and then adjusting the sorted collection. Lets have a look at a few examples… Assume 2 sub-collections with 1 element each 10 & 20 Compare the first element of the first sub-collection with the first element of the second sub-collection. Take the smallest of the two and place it as the first element in the sorted collection. In this scenario 10 is smaller than 20 so 10 is taken from sub-collection 1 leaving that sub-collection empty, which means by default the next smallest element is in sub-collection 2 (20). So the sorted collection would be 10 20 Lets assume 2 sub-collections with 2 elements each 10 20 & 15 19 So… again we would Compare 10 with 15 – 10 is the winner so we add it to our sorted collection (10) leaving us with 20 & 15 19 Compare 20 with 15 – 15 is the winner so we add it to our sorted collection (10 15) leaving us with 20 & 19 Compare 20 with 19 – 19 is the winner so we add it to our sorted collection (10 15 19) leaving us with 20 & _ 20 is by default the winner so our sorted collection is 10 15 19 20. Make sense? Heapsort (still needs to be completed) So by now I am tired of sorting algorithms and trying to remember why they were so important. I think every year I go through this stuff I wonder to myself why are we made to learn about selection sort and insertion sort if they are so bad – why didn’t we just skip to Mergesort & Quicksort. I guess the only explanation I have for this is that sometimes you learn things so that you can implement them in future – and other times you learn things so that you know it isn’t the best way of implementing things and that you don’t need to implement it in future. Anyhow… luckily this is going to be the last one of my sorts for today. The first step in heapsort is to convert a collection of data into a heap. After the data is converted into a heap, sorting begins… So what is the definition of a heap? If we have to convert a collection of data into a heap, how do we know when it is a heap and when it is not? The definition of a heap is as follows: A heap is a list in which each element contains a key, such that the key in the element at position k in the list is at least as large as the key in the element at position 2k +1 (if it exists) and 2k + 2 (if it exists). Does that make sense? At first glance I’m thinking what the heck??? But then after re-reading my notes I see that we are doing something different – up to now we have really looked at data as an array or sequential collection of data that we need to sort – a heap represents data in a slightly different way – although the data is stored in a sequential collection, for a sequential collection of data to be in a valid heap – it is “semi sorted”. Let me try and explain a bit further with an example… Example 1 of Potential Heap Data Assume we had a collection of numbers as follows 1[1] 2[2] 3[3] 4[4] 5[5] 6[6] For this to be a valid heap element with value of 1 at position [1] needs to be greater or equal to the element at position [3] (2k +1) and position [4] (2k +2). So in the above example, the collection of numbers is not in a valid heap. Example 2 of Potential Heap Data Lets look at another collection of numbers as follows 6[1] 5[2] 4[3] 3[4] 2[5] 1[6] Is this a valid heap? Well… element with the value 6 at position 1 must be greater or equal to the element at position [3] and position [4]. Is 6 > 4 and 6 > 3? Yes it is. Lets look at element 5 as position 2. It must be greater than the values at [4] & [5]. Is 5 > 3 and 5 > 2? Yes it is. If you continued to examine this second collection of data you would find that it is in a valid heap based on the definition of a heap.

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• Proliant RAID 1 Rebuild Questions

  - by Nicholas

  I have a HP Proliant ML350 G5 server that experienced a power supply failure overnight. The power supply was replaced but unfortunately it got restarted with only 1 disk in the RAID 1 set plugged in. (The raid controller is the build in E200i). The raid BIOS then said on start-up that it had entered Interim Recovery Mode. However I would have expected it to still start up with only the 1 drive. The bios however says that it cannot find a C: drive and enters a reboot loop polling the other boot devices. First question is, is this normal behaviour not to start up on 1 disk? The second drive was then plugged in (all drives are ok) and the raid bios started an automatic rebuild on that disk. This appears to be a background process as there is no progress shown. However based on the light flashing it looks like it is working. My second question is how long will this rebuild take? (36GB 15K SAS drive). I cannot see any error messages and it looks like it is rebuilding the drive ok, but the computer still will not start-up. It still says during the boot up process that the C: drive is not found. If I wait for the rebuild to finish, is it likely to fix itself and find the C: drive? Or is there some other problem here?

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• Problem with MS DTC on SQL2008 win server 2k8 with linked server from sql2000 win server 2k

  - by user31648

  Hi, We have migrated our db from sql2000 win server 2k to sql2008 win server 2k8. We have linked server from sql2000 win server 2k. By our opinion the problem is with DTC and we have made a lot of setting that we found as solution for our problem, but still the problem exist. There is no any error or worning or information niether in the sql log nor in win event viewer. The application is hanging out and at the end the time out exception is shown. What we have done till now: Enable Network DTC Access with inbound and outbound with No Authentication Required on win 2k8 We have opened RPC dynamic port allocation through registry on 2k and 2k8 We have entered subkey TurnOffRpcSecurity in the registry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSDTC and made it enable on 2k and 2k8 We have added exception for DTC in firewall for all entities What we have notice that when we restart SQL service and make the first try for our transaction the following is shown: "Attempting to initialize Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MS DTC). This is an informational message only. No user action is required." and after it: "Recovery of any in-doubt distributed transactions involving Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator (MS DTC) has completed. This is an informational message only. No user action is required." Does someone have any idea what else can be done in order to solve the problem? Thanks in advance. Regards, Snezana

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• Install Ubuntu on a new netbook?

  - by torbengb

  I'm planning to buy a netbook, and I am considering to install Ubuntu on it. It would mainly be used by my wife at home for web browsing and email at home (lightweight is important, hence a netbook!), and we'd occasionally bring it along on travels (mostly as digital photo dropzone). I want to use Ubuntu instead of Windows because I'm sick of all the Windows hassle and updates. I'm not concerned about Windows applications; I'd switch to native alternatives as far as possible because really only Firefox and something like Picasa are needed. I'm considering an ASUS Eee PC 1001P or an MSI Wind U100 or an Point of View Mobii II (click the links for specs; nevermind that the rest is German). I'm not in the USA. Whatever I buy will most likely have Windows 7 on it but no optical drive. I would also buy a large-ish USB stick but not an external optical drive. Should I (and can I) install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7, or remove Windows? If I remove Windows first, how would I be able to reinstall it if I change my mind? Can I make a backup? Is a recovery CD usually provided? Should I choose the regular Ubuntu, or the Ubuntu Netbook Remix (UNR)? Does UNR allow me to install additional applications just as easily? Note: I'm asking about Ubuntu vs. Windows; let's skip the hardware discussion for now. Edit: I'm assuming that Windows is already installed; if it isn't then I would only install Ubuntu and this question is irrelevant.

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• How to stop Excel 2003 from loading a Gazillion files

  - by Gary M. Mugford

  One of my soon-to-be-ex-friends got an Excel file from another friend of his and decided to click on it. It started opening all kinds of files from within Excel. Over 200 and still counting when he called me. I told him to go to task manager, which showed a LOT of files in the applications tab, but only one Excel.exe in the processes tab. Closing it down there, closed down Excel. I then CrossLooped in to see if I could give him a helping hand. Each time Excel was re-opened, the mass influx of files started. They were all kinds of files, PDFs, Docs, JPGs, even some spreadsheets. It looked like the end of solitaire, with multiple windows opening (XP) and the counter on the lone Excel button on the task bar counting off the files. I did the task manager exit routine and went looking for temp files. I CrapCleaned out the system. Made sure I went through the files created in the last hour and deleted anything with a temp anywhere in it. I also deleted the crappy infected/corrupted file from it's place on the desktop (yeah, I know, I yelled for 15 minutes on THAT subject). Despite a delousing, the restart of Excel, which complained of a deactivated add-in, would start the cascading windows, whether I answered yes or no to that question. Yes, it knew it had a serious crash, but why would it just keep on trying to load the bad file, even when I got rid of it? But here's the real question. WHERE was it loading from? I went through the backup folder and NOTHING was there! So what's the process for starting Excel WITHOUT it trying to do a crash recovery? Sort of makes me feel stupid at times. Thanks for any light you can shed on this issue. GM

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• Files Corrupted on System Restore

  - by Yar

  I restored OSX 10.6.2 today (was 10.6.3 and not booting) by copying the system over from a backup. The data directories were not touched. I am seeing some files as 0 bytes, and getting permission-denied errors when copying, even when using sudo cp or the Finder itself. Some programs, differently, take the files at face value and see no permission problems (such as zip), but they see the files as zero bytes, which would be game-over for recovery. cp: .git/objects/fe/86b676974a44aa7f128a55bf27670f4a1073ca: could not copy extended attributes to /eraseme/blah/.git/objects/fe/86b676974a44aa7f128a55bf27670f4a1073ca: Operation not permitted I have tried sudo chown, sudo chmod -R 777 and sudo chflags -R nouchg which do not change the end result. Strangely, this is only affecting my .git directories (perhaps because they start with a period, but renaming them -- which works -- does not change anything). What else can I do to take ownership of these files? Edit: This question comes from StackOverflow because I originally thought it was a GIT problem. It's definitely not (just) GIT. Anyway, this is to help put some of the comments in context.

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• Two hosting providers running simultaneously... possible / not possible? good practice / unnecessary?

  - by user29600

  For the sake of their reputation, I won't mention the names. But I'll just use: Business I worked for previously - ABC Web Dev Hosting company they used - XYZ Hosting I recently found out that XYZ Hosting had some sort of incident where they ended up losing a lot of their client's data - including ABC Web Dev's. ABC Web Dev was able to recover some of their customer's websites, after pulling them from their local development computers and putting them up on another hosting provider. They ended up losing a lot of clients because of it and their reputation ruined. I'm starting my own web dev company and I don't want to run into this same issue. I'm planning on using Rackspace but, although they are a great company, according to wikipedia they still have had downtime in their past. I thought it might be a good idea to try to run two providers at once, to ensure that if anything happened in one the websites would still be live because of the other. I know the websites would have to be pulling from one server at all times, but if there's a way to redirect requests to the second server if the first one is down that would solve my issue. As a note, we will have a staging environment setup locally which will allow for quick recovery if a provider did have any issues, however I'd like to avoid any downtime at all if possible. So my questions are: Has anyone tried running two providers simultaneously? Would this be considered good practice or am I going too far? Is there really any way to run two simultaneously where one server acts as a backup?

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• How do I fix issue causing "incomplete startup packet" log message trying to implement replication in Postgresql?

  - by colour me brad

  I've got two cloud servers running Ubuntu 13.04 and PostgreSQL 9.2. I've primarily used this blog post to aid me in setting things up. However, to do the initial database dump to the slave I'm using pg_start_backup/pg_stop_backup strategy used in this other blog post. I've read through the docs and postgres wikis as well. I ran into several problems I was able to solve, but I can't get past this wretched "the database is starting up" failure. I'm not sure if seeing "cp: cannot stat '/var/lib/postgresql/9.2/archive/00000001000000000000003A': No such file or directory" after "consistent recover state reached" is normal or the first sign of a problem. The searching I've done on "the database is starting up" and "incomplete startup packet" tells me that something is sending empty TCP packets to the slave. The only thing that even knows about the slave is the master, so I'm not sure why it's sending empty packets... Has anyone worked with this and have an idea what might be going wrong? The postgres log on the slave looks like so: 2013-08-26 13:01:38 CDT LOG: entering standby mode 2013-08-26 13:01:38 CDT LOG: restored log file "000000010000000000000039" from archive 2013-08-26 13:01:38 CDT LOG: incomplete startup packet 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT LOG: redo starts at 0/39000020 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT LOG: consistent recovery state reached at 0/390000E0 cp: cannot stat '/var/lib/postgresql/9.2/archive/00000001000000000000003A': No such file or directory 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT LOG: streaming replication successfully connected to primary 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:39 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:40 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:40 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:41 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:42 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:42 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:43 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:43 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:44 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:44 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:01:44 CDT LOG: incomplete startup packet 2013-08-26 13:03:27 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:03:27 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:03:30 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up 2013-08-26 13:03:30 CDT FATAL: the database system is starting up thanks! brad

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• Windows 7 Backup - Does the "system image" include all the files on my drive?

  - by Vaccano

  I have a new Dell Laptop that I have setup the way I like it. I want to use Windows 7 to do a backup and then restore that backup on a different hard drive (solid state). When I setup the backup info (manually) for Windows 7 Backup there is a little checkbox at the the bottom that says: Include a system image of drives: RECOVERY, OS (C:) I can also select to backup all my data on the C: drive (the only hard drive I have anything on) as well as some libraries (which are on my C: drive so no point in selecting those). The question I have is, does Windows 7 Backup just somehow know what needs to be restored (ie program files and Windows and the registry ....? Or is it really making a full restorable copy of the C: drive? (If the later is true then I don't need select the C: drive to be "backed up" if I don't plan to access the files except by restoring them right? (Because the system image will already have it all.)) So, which way is it? What is saved in the System Image?

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• How to make 7-Zip faster

  - by Matt

  I normally use WinRAR over 7-Zip simply because it's faster and only a little less efficient with compression. I did a few tests on different filetypes and sizes comparing the 7-Zip and WinRAR default settings on their normal compression and their best compression, and in a lot of cases WinRAR was 50% faster and in some it was actually 100% faster. But, I do like FOSS more. So here are my questions: Is there a way to make 7-Zip speed up? I'd like it to at least be on par with WinRAR's speed Is there a way to make recovery segments in 7-Zip like you can in WinRAR? I didn't see any, but I guess it could be a command line thing. I tested WinRAR and 7-Zip using the latest stable version of each (4-dot-something with 7-Zip). Is the 9.x beta release noticeably faster at compression? I'm talking about faster at a comparable setting in WinRAR, not just lowering to bare minimum compression. If it matters, I use a quad core Intel i7 720 (1.6 GHz)/(2.8 GHz) with 4 GB DDR3 RAM, and the 64-bit version of 7-Zip, and dual-boot Debian x64 5.0.4 and Windows 7 Home.

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• Looking for a comprehensive/"expert" guide to BCD parameters

  - by Stilez

  I'm interested in educating myself about BCD on Windows 8. There are many, many "walkthrough" guides" and "howtos", but I can't find any guides at typical "enthusiast" level covering what each option or argument in a BCD /ENUM dump might mean, and the principles governing how these all work together. Imagine trying to rebuild or debug BCD (including EFI/BIOS variants and recovery/hibernate/memtest sections, and perhaps multiple boot Windows/WinPE/WinRE) from scratch using just BCDedit + DiskPart, and trying to understand rather than just copy/pasting commands. That's roughly the knowledge I'm after. Example questions might be: How is a BCD /ENUM dump to be read, item by item? How do its sections work together? (A lot of guides only show a specific example rather than explaining all the all common args that can exist and what they mean, they don't actually explain how sections work together, or they assume MBR/BIOS/Vista/7 and omit info needed for EFI/GPT/Dynamic disks/8) Partitions are specified by volume letter or as a \Device\HarddiskVolumeNNN. Why does it sometimes show these items as a letter and sometimes as a GUID? What are the practical differences if any? What exactly is syntax like "ramdisk=[C:]\Images\winpe.wim,{ramdiskoptions}" saying, and how will the drive letter "C" be interpreted at runtime in a line like this? Is the drive in such a line always "C:" (most examples assume so) and if not, when wouldn't it be? Many websites state that an sdi device and path may be needed in some sections of BCD, but what is sdi and what are these args doing when they appear? How does the GUID to HDD volume/partition mapping work under EFI/GPT? So that if disks or partitions/volumes change it's clear how one can confirm from basic principles whether data shown in BCD /ENUM ALL is still correct or not. Does anyone know of a suitable reference source for this kind of raw BCD data and structures? Thanks!

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• SOLVED Install MythTV & 11.10 on Lenovo S12 (Intel atom) with wireless

  - by keepitsimpleengineer

  This is how I installed Ubuntu 11.10 and MythTV client on my Lenovo S12 (Intel Atom) laptop and use it using WiFi (see additional notes at end). I did this because the upgrade from 11.04 bricked the laptop. Note that the partitions on the Lenovo standard disk were already in place for this installation. Also note that my LAN is setup for fixed IP addresses. Downloaded and burned 11.10 x86 Desktop Ubuntu CD Connected the power supply cord, LAN wire and the external DVD USB drive. Ran Windows XP and made sure performance level "Performance" was set and "Wireless" was enabled. Booted S12 from CD Disabled Networking from icon on upper left panel icon Edited Connections… "Wired connection 1" ? Set IP address, accepted default netmask and set gateway. Also set DNS server. Good idea to check "Connection Information" here to verify everything's O.K. Selected Install Ubuntu from the initial "Install" window Verified the three items were checked (required disk space available, plugged into a power source, & connected to the Internet) Selected Download updates while installing and third party software. Hit Continue… At wireless selected don't want to connect…WiFi…now. Continue… At Installation type, selected Something else. Continue… At partition tale, selected the ext4 Linux partition, set the mount point as "/", and marked for formatting. Here I selected the main disk (/sda) for installing the boot manager. Continue… Selected or verified my Time zone. Continue… Selected my keyboard layout. Continue… Filled in the who are you fields. Make sure password is required to sign in is checked. Continue… Chose a picture. Continue… I selected import no accounts. Continue… Wait as the Install creeps along. If your screen goes blank, tap the space bar ? apparently the screen saver/power plan does this. There are several progress bars. The longest was "Installing system", and it was the next to the last one. Installation Complete window appears, Restart Now… Wait as it stops, The screen blanks then the message "…remove…media…close tray…press enter" I just unplugged the USB DVD and hit enter… It was disheartening but the screen turned Ubuntu Purple-beige and nothing happened, so I help down the power key until it shut down, the pressed it again and the Grub Boot screen appeared. Select Ubuntu… 25.The screen went blank with the little flashing underscore cursor on it and the disk light would occasionally flash. I hit the enter key and eventuality Ubuntu started. After a somewhat long time the unity desktop appeared. 11.10, unlike earlier versions, retains the connection information. Check this by checking the network icon on the upper left applet panel. Here the touch-pad·mouse quit working and I had to reboot. It takes and extremely long time to boot, sometimes requiring several power off/ power on (cold boot). You can try to get the default network manager to work, but it might not, it didn't on mine for WiFi. Thanks to: Chris at URL here's what to do… disconnect your wired Internet connection. input your wireless information into network manager open a terminal (unity dash, top of icon totem, open, and make sure the ruler&pen icon on the bottom is selected, 2nd from left) type in "terminal". Might be a good idea to drag and drop the terminal icon to the terminal, it's easy to get rid of later. click to open a terminal, and type in: sudo rmmod acer_wmi && echo "blacklist acer_wmi" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf and hit enter. type in your password as asked. if you have correctly entered your WiFi information and you are near your AP, you should connect immediately if not, see the URL above ? you might need to replace "network manager" with "wicd" ? I did with 11.04. Update the new 11.10, in the upper left panel applet weird·gear icon is menu with a line about updating. It's the new way to invoke Update Manager. Your lenovo S12 (intel atom) should now run the new unity Ubuntu. Point your elbow at the ceiling and pat yourself on the back. Installing Mythbuntu Client 24.1 Open mythbuntu.org/repos (I urge you not to directly use Ubuntu Software Center for this) Install Mythbuntu Repos Save the file (in ~/Downloads, the default) Run the file ? it will update your repositories so that you will get the proper installation sources ? it will start Ubuntu Software Center to do this ? Click Install… You will need your password. Debconf window will open, select by making sure check mark is in the little box "Would you like to activate…". Forward… Which version? At the time of writing the current "Stable" version was 24.1, select 0.24.x… Forward… Read the message, then forward… Delete the downloaded file. Install synaptic (unity dash, top of icon totem, open, and make sure the ruler&pen icon on the bottom is selected, 2nd from left) type in "synaptic". Click on the synaptic icon. Ubuntu Software Center will open and allow you to install synaptic package manager. Open Synaptic (unity dash, top of icon totem, open, and make sure the ruler&pen icon on the bottom is selected, 2nd from left) type in "Synaptic". Might be a good idea to drag and drop the terminal icon to the terminal, it's easy to get rid of later. Run synaptic, read the intro, and close the intro window. Type in mythbuntu-control-centre in the Quick filter text box, and then select it "Mark for installation" by clicking on the box next to it's name. Marvel at the additional to be installed items, then select "?Mark"… At the top of the synaptic window click on the "? Apply" button. Marvel at the amount of stuff to be installed, the click on "Apply". When finished, close finished window and synaptic. Open mythbuntu-control-centre (unity dash, top of icon totem, open, and make sure the ruler&pen icon on the bottom is selected, 2nd from left) type in "mythbuntu". Might be a good idea to drag and drop the mythbuntu-control-centre icon to the terminal, it's easy to get rid of later. You can now configure and install the frontend. Go down the icon totem on the right side of the window and click as needed… System roles. ? No Backend, Desktop Frontend, and Ubuntu Desktop. Apply… & Apply changes… & Password… MySQL Configuration ? from backend ? Setup General Alt-N(ext) Alt-N(ext) Stetting Access Setup PIN code: ~~~~ Input Security key and click "Test Connection", if ?, then Apply… & Apply… {note: for some inexplicable reason, control centre hung on this, but when I restarted it, it was set properly} Graphics drivers, When I did this, only the Broadcom wireless driver showed up. I closed without doing anything. Services. I enabled SSH & Samba. Apply… & Apply… Repositories. Asked & Answered. MythExport. Pass, I believe it requires backend on the same system. Proprietary Codec Support. Check to enable, Apply… & Apply… System Updates. No action necessary, will be a part of the Ubuntu update mechanism. Themes and Artwork. For themes, I selected Enable/Update all. Apply… & Apply… Infrared & Startup behavior and Plugins. Defer until you know more. Close software centre. Open mythTV (unity dash, top of icon totem, open, and make sure the ruler&pen icon on the bottom is selected, 2nd from left) type in "mythTV". Might be a good idea to drag and drop the mythTV icon to the terminal, it's easy to get rid of later. Incorrect Group Membership. Fix this by clicking "Yes"… Log out/end. Do this by clicking "Yes"… For my Lenovo S12, I had to manually restart Ubuntu - and still with the very long restart…/no start/cold boot/reboot/pressing the shift key required Open mythTV (unity dash, top of icon totem, open, and make sure the ruler&pen icon on the bottom is selected, 2nd from left) type in "mythTV". Might be a good idea to drag and drop the mythTV icon to the terminal, it's easy to get rid of later. Will open with Select country & language. Do so. then get message with "No", hit "Ok" and arrive at the data base Configuration 1/2 screen. You will need your brackend password, from backend ? Setup General Database Configuration 1/2 Password:~? Enter this Hit Alt-n to go to the next page. Select "Use custom id…", then enter a custom ID, I use the machine's name. Hit finish, and MythTV should start up with all default settings. For the lenovo S12, the first thing you want to do is to set Playback profiles to "Normal". From Setup TV Settings Playback Alt-N(ext) Alt-N(ext) Playback Profiles (3/8) : Change Current Video Playback Profile to "Normal". You can fiddle with this setting later. For the lenovo S12, the second thing is to get the sound going. From Setup General Alt-N(ext) Alt-N(ext) Alt-N(ext) Audio System: The top of the screen is a button title "Scan for audio devices", move the highlight there and press the Space bar. Then Tab down to Audio Output Device: and left-right arrow until "ALSA:hw:Card=Intel,DEV=0" is selected. Then Alt-N(ext) until "Finish". Now you should have sound. You should now have MythTV working nicely on the Lenovo S12 Notes about wireless: Running Lenovo S12 on wireless is demanding on both power and WiFi connection. Best results will be obtained when running on power and wired connection. I run my S12 on wireless, actually two serial connections with two access points, something that is not easy to achieve. Here Mythbuntu client-server (in den) <? wireless link 1 <?office LAN? wireless link 2 <? Lenovo S12 Ubuntu 11.10 The office LAN is fixed IP behind an Untangle firewall router. There is another MythTV client on Ubuntu 10.10 computer in the office (which has always worked well). ProblemMythbuntu\Win7 client hangs with frozen frames, short segment of audio repeating. Hardware Rosewill RNX-G300EX IEEE 802.11b/g PCI Wireless Card on client-server 2 Linksys WRT54GL wireless broadband routers on LAN for link1 and link 2 WRT54GL FirmwareDD-WRT v24-sp2(07/22/09) voip set up to act as an access point. Note? many people advised this was an unworkable scheme, and in probably most cases it will be. Solution? Set up DD-WRT with the following Wireless settings… Basic Channel: Different fixed channels at least 4 difference, I use 6 & 11 Basic Sensitivity Range (ACK timing): 50 MAC filter use filter: Enable, Selected Permit only clients listed to access… Requires adding MAC addresses in "Edit MAC Filter List" This causes the 54GL's to ignore any but the listed MAC address, down side, no "guest" capability. Advanced Basic rate: All Advanced CTS Protection Mode: Off Advanced Frame Burst: Enable Advanced Max associate clients: 4 for client link 2, 1 for client-server link 1 Advanced AP isolation: Enable Advanced Preamble: Short Advanced Afterburner: On Advanced Wireless GUI access: Off Advanced WMM support: Off Other settings: default for supplied firmware. Why I suspect this worked? The 54GL Access Points's with the firmware's setting are set to handle a multiple client, wide area situation. With these mods I reconfigured them for a small area, few client situation, disabling Advanced WMM probably the most important. In addition, the client mythtv when used all other users of its access point are turned off except for a Skype phone. Also, the client-server is set up to allow other connections though it's LAN connection, and these are used to connect the TV and disc players, not used when client is being used.

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• Cannot open Pivot Table source file

  - by Ken

  Excel Pivot table error is: Cannot open Pivot Table source file C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Excel\DatabaseName (version1).TableName I’ve seen other questions and answers with the same topic, but I think this is different. I believe I know why the error is occurring: Excel closed unexpectantly and did autosave with (version1) attached to the original file name and saved it in the C:\User etc. above , which is the default recovery location. I opened the recovered file in Excel, saved it as version1 on the server where the original file was located, deleted the original file, and renamed the version1 to the original name. When I go to PivotTable Tools? Options? Change Data Source, it shows only the Table and Range, which are correct, but it does not show the file name or path. The version1 and the renamed file both had the same structure, so the same source table was in both, by they were different files. How do I change the source file from what it is looking for to my renamed file? PS- The (version1) file that it says it is looking for is not in the autosave location, i.e. it is not at the path where it says it is looking in. Thank you for any help Ken

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• Repairing inconsistent pages in database

  - by Raj

  We have a SQL 2000 DB. The server crashed due to Raid array failure. Now when we run DBCC CHECKDB, we get an error that there are 27 consistency errors in 9 pages. When we run DBCC PAGE on these pages, we get this: Msg 8939, Level 16, State 106, Line 1 Table error: Object ID 1397580017, index ID 2, page (1:8404521). Test (m_freeCnt == freeCnt) failed. Values are 2 and 19. Msg 8939, Level 16, State 108, Line 1 Table error: Object ID 1397580017, index ID 2, page (1:8404521). Test (emptySlotCnt == 0) failed. Values are 1 and 0. Since the indicated index is non-clustered and is created by a unique constarint that includes 2 columns, we tried dropping and recreating the index. This resulted in the following error: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX terminated because a duplicate key was found for index ID 2. Most significant primary key is '3280'. The statement has been terminated. However running Select var_id,result_on from tests group by var_id,result_on having count(*)>1 returns 0 rows. Here is what we are planning to do: Restore a pre-server crash copy of the DB and run DBCC CHECKDB If that returns clean, then restore again with no recovery Apply all subequent TLOG backups Stop production app, take a tail log backup and apply that too Drop prod DB and rename the freshly restored DB to make it prod Start prod app Could someone please punch holes in this approach? Maybe, suggest a different approach? What we need is minimum downtime. SQL 2000 DB Size 94 GB The table that has corrupt pages has 460 Million+ rows of data Thanks for the help. Raj

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• Unable to activate Windows XP

  - by Josh Kelley

  The latest round of Patch Tuesday updates left my Windows XP computer unbootable. ("Fatal System Error: The Windows Logon Process system process terminated unexpectedly.") After much messing around with the recovery console, an XP CD's repair mode, and manually copying registry files around, I have a system that can boot again. However, I overwrote my OEM XP installation's activation information while trying to run a retail XP CD's setup, so it needs reactivation. Here's my problem: I cannot activate it at all. I log in, Windows tells me I have to activate to continue, I click Yes, and absolutely nothing happens: no windows, no response to keyboard or mouse, no response to Ctrl-Alt-Del, nothing. Safe mode works, but I can't activate in safe mode (EDIT: not even safe mode with networking). I read a trick online of pressing [Windows Key]+U to bring up the Microsoft Narrator, and that works, but clicking its Microsoft Web Site link does nothing. My last attempt to resolve this was to reinstall Windows off of the OEM CD. Now I have two parallel Windows installations, both on the same hard drive, one with all of my stuff and no way to activate it, one fully activated with no usable programs. Any ideas? Any way to activate in safe mode? Any way to copy activation information from my activated installation to my unactivated installation (since they're both on the same hard drive)?

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• Creating Windows 8.1 system image error

  - by Random

  I'm experiencing "not enough space" error when trying to create system image to a USB hard drive: Detailed error: ERROR - A Volume Shadow Copy Service operation error has occurred: (0x8004231f) Insufficient storage available to create either the shadow copy storage file or other shadow copy data. Blah, blah... There is not enough disk space to create the volume shadow copy on the storage location. Make sure that, for all volumes to be backup up, the minimum required disk space for shadow copy creation is available. This applies to both the backup storage destination and volumes included in the backup. Minimum requirement: For volumes less than 500 megabytes, the minimum is 50 megabytes of free space. For volumes more than 500 megabytes, the minimum is 320 megabytes of free space. Recommended: At least 1 gigabyte of free disk space on each volume if volume size is more than 1 gigabyte. ERROR - A Volume Shadow Copy Service operation error has occurred: (0x8004231f) Insufficient storage available to create either the shadow copy storage file or other shadow copy data. I'd tried both - PowerShell wbAdmin start backup -backupTarget:E: -include:C: -allCritical -quiet and via Control Panel - File History button Clearly both EFI and Windows Recovery Environment partitions don't meet requirements coming from System Image tool (pic below) On top of that all system partitions are now shown as 100% free in Disk Management, it's disturbing but far from the actual state. My question is - hot to create System Image in Windows 8.1?

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• SQL Server Backup File Significantly Smaller After Table Recreation

  - by userx

  We run automated weekly backups of our SQL Server. The database in question is configured for Simple Recovery. We backup using Full, not differential. Recently, we had to re-create one of our tables with data in it (making 2 varchar fields a couple characters longer). This required running a script which created a new table, copied the data over, and then dropped the old. This worked correctly. Oddly though, our weekly backup files now SHRANK by over 75%! The tables don't have large indexes. All data was copied over correctly (and verified). I've verified that we are doing full and not incremental backups. The new files restore just fine. I can't seem to figure out why the backup files would have shrank so much? I've also noticed that they get about 10 MB larger every week, even though less than that amount of data is being added. I'm guessing that I'm simply not understanding something. Any insight would be appreciated.

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• "Learning" Linux

  - by Strider

  I've been interested in computers for a long time and have fiddled with a lot of stuff which includes Linux. I started out with Red Hat when I was young (around 13) and lost all data, converting a FAT32 drive to something else. Later it was Knoppix which was really helpful in recovery and such. Then, it was Ubuntu. Also, I fiddled with Arch for some time, but, it breaks too often for my liking (maybe, I should have been more careful). Anyway, currently I use Ubuntu 9.04. I want to dig deeper into the Linux world now. I want to learn how things work and use the terminal more. I am a programmer as well, so, it will help a lot. So, the thing I wanted to ask were: Good books to learn and understand Linux Good habits to use Linux more efficiently. Good tools about which I should know. Amount of time you set aside to learn about new things each day. As a programmer, how do you setup and use Linux efficiently. Long list. I will be grateful to the answerers.

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• You need to format the disk in drive

  - by Sab

  I was copying some files over to my external hard disk and suddenly a message popped up saying that some file was open and it could not continue.It asks me whether I want to cancel the operation and I said cancel(The other operation was continue.) After that whenever I plug in the usb into the same computer it does not work. It keeps saying that I need to format the disk to continue. Luckily for me it opened on another computer and am backing up all my data. But now I am wondering why exactly this happened. Is it that the hard disk is weak. Also as an addon I currently use http://www.dtidata.com/windowssurfacescanner/ program to check for bad sectors. Is this the recommended way or is there some other better more reliable way to check if my hard disk is failing? Also could the above problem be because the hard disk is failing? If not why does it happen.Even if the hard disk is interrupted in the middle of a read write cycle doesnt there exist error handling code to enable gracefull recovery?

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• Error loading operating system: format Windows 7 to Windows XP Service Pack 3

  - by Blerta

  I saw that there are other questions like mine here. But O also saw that some problems where solved with fixmbr from a Windows 7 recovery console, but that didn't work for me. I bought my laptop with Vista installed and later reformated and used Windows 7. During formatting with Windows 7 I had some problems with my hard drive and found out it was dead so I bought a new one. I wanted to reformat with Windows XP,because Windows 7 is consuming more RAM that it is able handle and I wanted to use it for other programs. So I formatted with Windows XP Service Pack 3 but after first reboot a message appeared: "Error loading operating system" Reading here, I assumed that maybe I had installed it on the wrong partition and maybe having two OS now, so I used fixmbr but it is still not starting up. Anyway I am sure that is not the case of two operating systems. Is there any chance that when the computer designed to work with Vista you would face problems with Windows XP? Like not recognizing a hard drive?

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• Why my hard disk can't boot from the BIOS?

  - by Mario

  I installed a new sata DVD burner. When I turned on the machine (windows 7) it didn't boot. It can boot from a lubuntu CD. There is an option on lubuntu to boot form the first hard disk. If I select it, the machine boots normally to windows 7. So from the CD I can boot but not from the BIOS. I checked all the options more than once: boot from HD, not boot from removable, boot from USB, boot from optical. The order of the boot sequence is HD then DVD. I tried booting only with the HD; I disconnected both DVDs. I even tried recovery of the MBR: bootsect, bootrec, fixmbr, buildbcd, nt60, etc. So, the question is, does this have a reason, what's the difference between booting from the BIOS (as I think) to from the DVD?. The BIOS is intel, it has BIOS codes on the right bottom corner, it stays at 5A for a while. 5A is "Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices".

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• Which database to use and system/db administration by layman [closed]

  - by blah

  So my friend and I got briliant ;) idea for a business. Since it is not predictable whether it will work out or not, we decided to keep cost as low as possible to start with, in particular not to hire anyone. If it will work out as expected it will generate enough profit to hire professionals in few months. But for the first few months we'll be doing everything by ourselfs. He's a business/finance major, and I'm a software developer, so obviously I have to take care of IT :) It will be a webapp, written in python/django. My questions regarding this project: 1) What database should I choose? I'm experienced with oracle, and have been working with SQL Server for a while, but both of them are too expensive(at least now). It's a developer experience, I've never done any dba stuff. I'm looking for something free(as in beer). Looks like MySql or PostgreSQL are most popular in this sector. I would appreciate any comments on which db to choose. I'm open to any suggestions(it doesn't have to be MySql or Postgre). Here's what I know about data: It will be almost dates and numbers, a little bit of text. Searched mainly by dates. Data will almost never be updated, mostly inserted and browsed. From 30k to 300k new records/month. 2) Servers. My idea is to rent two dedicated servers. During normal operation one would be a web server(debian/apache), other would be a db server(debian/?). My recovery plan is to install everything on both, and in case of trouble with one of machines just run everything on the other one. Does it even makes sense? Any other tips appreciated. Thanks.

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