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• Mail not piping in postfix

  - by user220912

  I have setup a postfix server and wanted to test the piping of mail to my perl script where i can make use of it and filter the mails.I wrote a test script for that which just logs the information in txt file. but i don't see any changes on sending the mail. My postconf-n output: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = yantratech.co.in, localhost.localdomain, localhost myhostname = tcmailer8.in mynetworks = 103.8.128.62, 103.8.128.69/101, 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/tcmailer8.in.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = /etc/postfix/vhosts virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps virtual_minimum_uid = 1000 virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 here's my transport: [email protected] email_route my main.cf declaration: transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport my master.cf declaration: email_route unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=nobody argv=/etc/postfix/test.php -f $(sender) -- $(recipient) and my php script: #!/usr/bin/php <?php $fh = fopen('/etc/postfix/testmail.txt','a'); fwrite($fh, "Hello it works\n"); fclose($fh); ?> I am sending mails through telnet in localhost.

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• How can I keep SSH's know_hosts up to date (semi-securely)?

  - by Chas. Owens

  Just to get this out in front so I am not told not to do this: The machines in question are all on a local network with little to no internet access (they aren't even well connected to the corporate network) Everyone who has the ability to setup a man-in-the-middle attack already has root on the machine The machines are reinstalled as part of QA procedures, so having new host keys is important (we need to see how the other machines react); I am only trying to make my machine nicer to use. I do a lot of reinstalls on machines which changes their host keys. This necessitates going into ~/.ssh/known_hosts on my machine and blowing away to old key and adding the new key. This is a massive pain in the tuckus, so I have started considering ways to automate this. I don't want to just blindly accept any host key, so patching OpenSSH to ignore host keys is out. I have considered creating a wrapper around the ssh command the will detect the error coming back from ssh and present me with a prompt to delete the old key or quit. I have also considered creating a daemon that would fetch the latest host key from a machine on a whitelist (there are about twenty machines that are being constantly reinstalled) and replace the old host key in known_hosts. How would you automate this process?

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• daily rsync backups with hard links, checksums, and a new computer

  - by user75058

  I backup my laptop to a Fedora desktop daily using rsync with hard links. This has worked great for almost a year. I recently purchased a new computer, transferred over my data, and would like to continue backing up this computer daily. However, due to the data transfer from the old laptop to the new laptop, the timestamps have obviously changed, and will thus cause my daily rsync backup to re-transfer all of the data. I thought that by adding the -c (checksum) switch to my rsync backup it would match files based on checksum, instead of timestamp and size, and only transfer those files that are different or not present. This appeared to work, but upon examining the new backup, hard links are not being created, and it appears the files that should be hard linked are simply being copied to the new backup directory from the previous backup directory on the backup server. This is very peculiar behavior to me, and I am having trouble figuring out why this is occurring. Checksums match for files that I think should be hard linked. I have looked through the rsync man page and Google'd around a bit and have been unable to find anything for me to better understand this behavior.

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• Package pinning in Debian lenny

  - by bronto

  I need your advice as I don't know if I hit a bug, or I am misunderstanding something. On a Debian Lenny, I am trying to prevent the installation of two particular packages, when they are requested as dependencies fromother packages. I am using the same syntax I successfully used in Squeeze, but with no success at all. On squeeze, the following works as expected: # cat /etc/apt/preferences.d/local-no-pike.pref Package: pike7.6-core Pin: version * Pin-Priority: -1000 If I try to install pike7.6, which depends on pike7.6-core, apt and aptitude refuse to do so. On Lenny, the only difference is that there is no support for "fragments" in /etc/apt/preferences.d, and all preferences must be in the /etc/apt/preferences file. But it's not working. E.g., if the file contains: Package: grub-common Pin: version * Pin-Priority: -1000 apt doesn't stop me from installing grub, which depends on grub-common. I used strace to see if the file is being read, and it is. I was suggested to use some Debug:: options, but they didn't help to pinpoint the problem either. I have google'd a lot with some combinations of "lenny" "prevent" "package" "installation" "pinning" and the like, but nothing nice came out. And of course I read man apt_preferences. What am I missing here?

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• How do I prevent a tar pipe from causing swapping?

  - by Jeff Shattock

  I have a rather large filesystem that I need to transfer from one Linux server to another. I figured the best way to do this was via a tar/netcat pipe arrangment, something like tar c . | pv | nc blah blah blah And it works great, the network stays fairly saturated, life is good. Until the source machine starts swapping. The files are on a raid on the source system, so the read speed is much faster than the write speed on the other end. Since the dest machine hasnt picked up the data yet, the source machine needs to stick it somewhere, so into RAM it goes, until there is no more free RAM. It then starts swapping, which is horribly painful since that machine has its OS installed on a somewhat slow CF card. Both machines have 4GB of physical ram, 64 bit Ubuntu 9.04 server. GigE link between them. How do I prevent this swapping? Can I put a "speed-limit" on the tar or netcat process so that the transfer speed doesn't overwhelm the write throughput on the destination end? The man pages didn't list anything, but there might be something I'm overlooking.

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• nginx- Rewrite URL with Trailing Slash

  - by Bryan

  I have a specialized set of rewrite rules to accommodate a mutli site cms setup. I am trying to have nginx force a trailing slash on the request URL. I would like it to redirect requests for domain.com/some-random-article to domain.com/some-random-article/ I know there are semantic considerations with this, but I would like to do it for SEO purposes. Here is my current server config. server { listen 80; server_name domain.com mirror.domain.com; root /rails_apps/master/public; passenger_enabled on; # Redirect from www to non-www if ($host = 'domain.com' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.domain.com/$1 permanent; } location /assets/ { expires 1y; rewrite ^/assets/(.*)$ /assets/$http_host/$1 break; } # / -> index.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri/index.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1/index.html break; } # /about -> /about.html if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri.html) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1.html break; } # other files if (-f $document_root/cache/$host$uri) { rewrite (.*) /cache/$host$1 break; } } How would I modify this to add the trailing slash? I would assume there has to be a check for the slash so that you don't end up with domain.com/some-random-article//

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• DHCPD (Slackware) - Disabling auto-generation of gateway as DNS server

  - by Dogbert

  Good day, I am using a Linux workstation on Slackware 13.37. One "problem" I have had to deal with ever since 11.0 is the following: DNS servers are queried and determined at startup by DHCP daemon (DHCPD) This is invoked at startup by a script located at /etc/rc.d/rc.dhcpd My DNS servers for my ISP are resolved correctly, and are stored in a list located at /etc/resolv.conf However, the one annoying problem is that my gateway IP (ie: 192.168.1.1) is always automatically put at the top of the list in resolv.conf, meaning I have to always wait for a timeout before a valid DNS server is used to resolve an address (ie: timeout on 192.168.1.1 because it is not actually a DNS server, then DHCP uses the next server in the list). I could lower my DNS resolution timeout so the gateway query times out quicker, but that's not what I want, as I don't want to degrade the abilities of legitimate DNS servers. What I would like to do is change how DHCPD operates so that it does NOT put my gateway IP address at the beginning of this list. I've searched via "man dhcpd", etc, and haven't found the exact answer yet. Any help on this issue is appreciated. Thank you all in advance for your time and assistance.

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• Equivalent of scp -l bandwidth_cap for .ssh/config?

  - by Mark Bennett

  Short form: You can limit the bandwidth the scp uses with the -l switch, you pass a number that's in kbits/sec. I'd rather set this in my .ssh/config file for certain names machines. What's the equivalent named setting for -l ? I haven't been able to find it. Followup question: Generally, not sure how to map back and forth between ssh command line options and config names, short of doing Google searches or manually comparing man pages on a case by case basis. Is there a table that directly equates the two? Longer form of first question, with context: I've started using ssh config quite a bit, especially now that I need to go through a proxy and do lots of port mappings. I even define the same machine more than once depending on what type of tunneling I need. However, when uploading a large file, it's difficult to do anything else on my machine. Even though I have more download bandwidth than up, I think that scp saturates the link so even my small requests can't reach the Internet. There's a fix for this, using the -l bandwidth command line switch for scp. scp -l 1000 bigfile.zip titan: I'd like to use this in my config instead, so I'd create an additional named entry called "titan-upload" and I'd use that as the target whenever I upload. So instead of: scp bigfile.zip titan: I'd say: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload Or even set different caps depending on where I am: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-home vs. scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-work I'm generally on Mac and Linux.

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• How to set static ip address on vmware for NAT guest vms from an ubuntu Host dhcp server?

  - by javadba

  I need to configure various linux flavor NAT'ed guest vm's to have static ip addresses provided by the Ubuntu host. The vmware documentation punts on this topic, deferring to "see the man pages for your linux distribution". But the generic pages for "my linux distro" do not know about the special stuff for vmware e.g. vmnet8. Pointers from someone who just knows how to do this would be much appreciated. Here is the /etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf: allow unknown-clients; default-lease-time 1800; # default is 30 minutes max-lease-time 7200; # default is 2 hours subnet 192.168.238.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { range 192.168.238.128 192.168.238.254; option broadcast-address 192.168.238.255; option domain-name-servers 192.168.238.2; option domain-name localdomain; default-lease-time 1800; # default is 30 minutes max-lease-time 7200; # default is 2 hours option netbios-name-servers 192.168.238.2; option routers 192.168.238.2; } host vmnet8 { hardware ethernet 00:50:56:C0:00:08; fixed-address 192.168.238.1; option domain-name-servers 0.0.0.0; option domain-name ""; option routers 0.0.0.0; } Fromt the dhcpd.conf documentation, we are supposed to add an entry for static hosts similar to the following: host mystatichostonee { hardware ethernet 00:20:6B:C7:9B:E4; fixed-address 192.168.238.101; } host mystatichosttwo { hardware ethernet 00:23:7a:C7:9c:F2; fixed-address 192.168.238.102; } But notice that the vmnet8 entry in the vmware-generated dhcpd.conf already is set to fixed-address. I don't know how to add the specifics for my hosts to that vmnet8 entry: do they become nested?

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• 7ZIP - Command Line Compression | Can Never Keep it Simple

  - by OneTwoYou

  I've been Googleing for a few hours on how to just compress a file inside a directory and I can't find anything. I found how to just compress a folder in general. Now I wish to know how I can compress a folder in a folder with a file. Current code: 7zG.exe a -tzip "test.zip" dontcompressme/compressme/new.txt pause As you can see above, I don't want to compress the first folder, but only the second and what ever is within that folder. I have the 7zG.exe sitting in the main folder and I have some files that are three folders in, but I don't know how to only compress those. Here is my directory list: Folder One (don't compress) Folder Two (don't compress) Folder Three (okay to compress) Document One.txt (okay to compress) Document Two.txt (okay to compress) Index.html (okay to compress) Does anyone know how I can do this in the most simplest way ever invented by man? Cause whenever I go to a website using Google it goes throw all these methods on how to compress a folder, but not do it the way I wish it to do. It makes me kinda upset cause I can't get a simple and straight forward answer. Thank you if you answer my question.

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• Log and debug/decrypt an windows application's HTTPS traffic

  - by cweiske

  I've got a proprietary windows-only application that uses HTTPS to speak with a (also proprietary, undocumented) web service. To ultimately be able to use the web service's functionality on my linux machines, I want to reverse-engineer the web service API by analyzing the requests sent by the application. Now the question: How can I decrypt and log the HTTPS traffic? I know of several solutions which don't apply in my case: Fiddler is a man-in-the-middle HTTPS proxy which I cannot use since the application doesn't support proxies. Also, I do not (yet) know if it works with self-signed server certificates, which I doubt. Wireshark is able to decrypt SSL streams if you have the server's private certificate, which I don't have. any browser extension since the application is not a browser If I remember correctly, there have been some trojans that capture online banking information by hooking into/replacing the window's crypto API. Since the machine is mine, low level changes are possible. Maybe there is a non-trojan (white-hat) network log application out there which does the same? There is a blackhat presentation with some details available to read. They refer to Microsoft Research Detour for easy API hooking.

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• Discrepancy in file size on disk and ls output

  - by smokinguns

  I have a script that checks for gzipped file sizes greater than 1MB and outputs files along with their sizes as a report. This is the code: myReport=`ls -ltrh "$somePath" | egrep '\.gz$' | awk '{print $9,"=>",$5}'` # Count files that exceed 1MB oversizeFiles=`find "$somePath" -maxdepth 1 -size +1M -iname "*.gz" -print0 | xargs -0 ls -lh | wc -l` if [ $oversizeFiles -eq 0 ];then status="PASS" else status="CHECK FAILED. FOUND FILES GREATER THAN 1MB" fi echo -e $status"\n"$myReport The problem is that ls command outputs the files sizes as 1.0MB in the report but the status is "FAIL" as "$oversizeFiles" variable's value is 2. I checked the file sizes on disk and 2 files are 1.1MB. Why this discrepancy? How should I modify the script so that I can generate an accurate report? BTW, I'm on a Mac. Here is what man page for "find" says on my Mac OSX: -size n[ckMGTP] True if the file's size, rounded up, in 512-byte blocks is n. If n is followed by a c,then the primary is true if the file's size is n bytes (characters). Similarly if n is followed by a scale indicator then the file's size is compared to n scaled as: k kilobytes (1024 bytes) M megabytes (1024 kilobytes) G gigabytes (1024 megabytes) T terabytes (1024 gigabytes) P petabytes (1024 terabytes)

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• Postfix : outgoing mail in TLS for a specific domain

  - by vercetty92

  I am trying to configure postfix to send mail in TLS (starttls in fact), but only for a specific destination. I tried with "smtp_tls_policy_maps". This is the only line in my main.cf file regarding TLS configuration, but it seems not working. Here is my main.cf file: queue_directory = /opt/csw/var/spool/postfix command_directory = /opt/csw/sbin daemon_directory = /opt/csw/libexec/postfix html_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/html manpage_directory = /opt/csw/share/man sample_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/samples readme_directory = /opt/csw/share/doc/postfix/README_FILES mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail sendmail_path = /opt/csw/sbin/sendmail newaliases_path = /opt/csw/bin/newaliases mailq_path = /opt/csw/bin/mailq mail_owner = postfix setgid_group = postdrop mydomain = ullink.net myorigin = $myhostname mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost masquerade_domains = vercetty92.net alias_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/aliases alias_database = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/aliases transport_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/transport smtp_tls_policy_maps = dbm:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/tls_policy inet_interfaces = all unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550 relayhost = smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin xxgdb $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 And here is my "tls_policy" file: gmail.com encrypt protocols=SSLv3:TLSv1 ciphers=high I also tried gmail.com encrypt My wish is to use TLS only for the gmail domain. With this configuration, I don't see any TLS line in the source of the mail. But if I tell postfix to use TLS if possible for all destination with this line, it works: smtp_tls_security_level = may Beause I can see this line in the source of my mail: (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=OTHER); But I don't want to try to use TLS for the others domains...only for gmail... Do I miss something in my conf? (I also try whith "hash:/etc/opt/csw/postfix/tls_policy", and it's the same) Thanks a lot in advance

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• Nginx: Disallow index.html in URL

  - by Martin Vilcans

  We're generating a site consisting of only static files (using Assemble). Having the .html extension on URLs looks so nineties, so we generate every static HTML file in its own directory and call it index.html. For example, the url http://www.example.com/foo/bar/ is in the file /var/www/foo/bar/index.html. This works well, but there is one small thing nagging me: Now there are two possible URLs to the same resource: http://www.example.com/foo/bar/ (slash URL) http://www.example.com/foo/bar/index.html (index.html URL) By accident someone may link to the index.html form of the URL, which is bad for SEO and looks ugly (remember the nineties?). Is it possible in Nginx to give a 404 error on the index.html URL, but serve the slash URL? I tried this: location ~ /index\.html$ { return 404; } But it seems that Nginx does some internal rewrite of the slash URL to the index.html URL, and then matches this location so we get a 404 even on the slash URL. Note that to catch mistakes, we want index.html URLs to be an error, not just redirect to the slash URL.

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• Macports install of ack doesn't create correct executable

  - by user1664196

  I am trying to install p5-app-ack port from Mac Ports, but it seems it doesn't create a /opt/local/bin/ack binary at the end: $ sudo port search *app-ack Password: p5-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.8-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.10-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.12-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.14-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories p5.16-app-ack @1.960.0 (perl) A grep replacement that ignores .svn/CVS/blib directories Found 6 ports. $ perl --version This is perl 5, version 12, subversion 4 (v5.12.4) built for darwin-thread-multi-2level Copyright 1987-2010, Larry Wall Perl may be copied only under the terms of either the Artistic License or the GNU General Public License, which may be found in the Perl 5 source kit. Complete documentation for Perl, including FAQ lists, should be found on this system using "man perl" or "perldoc perl". If you have access to the Internet, point your browser at http://www.perl.org/, the Perl Home Page. $ sudo port install p5-app-ack ---> Computing dependencies for p5-app-ack ---> Cleaning p5-app-ack ---> Updating database of binaries: 100.0% ---> Scanning binaries for linking errors: 35.0% ---> No broken files found. $ $ ls /opt/local/bin/ac* /opt/local/bin/ack-5.12 /opt/local/bin/aclocal /opt/local/bin/aclocal-1.12 /opt/local/bin/activation-client /opt/local/bin/acyclic $ which ack $ ack -bash: ack: command not found Update If I then try to install p5.12-app-ack afterwards, I get $ sudo port install p5.12-app-ack Password: ---> Computing dependencies for p5.12-app-ack ---> Cleaning p5.12-app-ack ---> Scanning binaries for linking errors: 100.0% ---> No broken files found. $

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• dnsmasq Client TTL

  - by user548971

  I have a situation where my hosts file is constantly changing. Because of this I don't want clients to cache ip addresses resolved using the hosts file. Here is the command that starts dnsmasq for me: /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -K -R -y -Z -b -E -S 8.8.8.8 -l /tmp/dhcp.leases -r /tmp/resolv.conf.auto --stop-dns-rebind --rebind-localhost-ok --dhcp-range=lan,192.168.2.2,192.168.2.249,255.255.255.0,12h -2 eth0 In looking at this site: http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/docs/dnsmasq-man.html I see that the -T option has this description: -T, --local-ttl=<time> When replying with information from /etc/hosts or the DHCP leases file dnsmasq by default sets the time-to-live field to zero, meaning that the requester should not itself cache the information. This is the correct thing to do in almost all situations. This option allows a time-to-live (in seconds) to be given for these replies. This will reduce the load on the server at the expense of clients using stale data under some circumstances. My command doesn't have the -T option. Do I need it or does dnsmasq default TTL to zero without it?

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• How do I restore tab-completion on shell variables on the bash command-line?

  - by Eric

  I've long set my most-recently visited directories to shell variables d1, d2, etc. On an ancient Fedora machine I could type a command like $ cp $d1/ and the shell would replace $d1 with text like /home/acctname/projects/blog/ and would then show me the contents of .../blog, like any tab-completion. Now, both ubuntu wheezy/sid and fedora 16 just -escape the '$', and naturally there are no completions to show. You can see this behavior in action in an OSX Terminal window. On 10.8, do something like ls $HOME/ to see what I mean. Is there a bash shell variable or option that can restore the old behavior? man bash suggests this is a bug: complete (TAB) Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the text begins with $), username (if the text begins with ~), hostname (if the text begins with @), or command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted. I get the above described completion when a token starts with '~' or a letter. It's just '$'-completion that's broken.

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• How to speed up request/response to django using apache or another solution?

  - by jbcurtin

  Hey all, I'm mainly a developer, but every now and again I jump into the sys-admin position. For the most part I've gotten away with deploying php and python apps using apache. I write today because I'm starting to research faster alternatives to apache, yet still have some of the core features I require like put and delete methods and the ability to connect to a socket via apache. ( This I have not tried, but might be a nice whistle if I ever employ comet on my apps. ) As you've probably guessed, I use javascript exclusively for all my websites utilizing deep linking for SEO support. The main areas that I'm looking to increase performance is the connection between the django apps and the web server to the client response. Every day I work my best to keep the smallest memory foot print as possible, however I am getting to the end of my rope when it comes to working with apache. In general, keep in mind that I'm just starting this research so I'm looking more for material to read then solutions at this moment. My main questions: Am I missing something about apache that makes it faster then everything else? What would be a good server environment to deploy just static files one? What are some of the leading open-source and paid alternatives?

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• Securing NTP: which method to use?

  - by Harry

  Can someone good at NTP configuration please share which method is the best/easiest to implement a secure, tamper-proof version of NTP? Here are some difficulties... I don't have the luxury of having my own stratum 0 time source, so must rely on external time servers. Should I read up on the AutoKey method or should I try to go the MD5 route? Based on what I know about symmetric cryptography, it seems that the MD5 method relies on a pre-agreed set of keys (symmetric cryptography) between the client and the server, and, so, is prone to man-in-the-middle attack. AutoKey, on the other hand, does not appear to work behind a NAT or a masquerading host. Is this still true, by the way? (This reference link is dated 2004, so I'm not sure what is the state of art today.) 4.1 Are public AutoKey-talking time servers available? I browsed through the NTP book by David Mills. The book looks excellent in a way (coming from the NTP creator after all), but the information therein is also overwhelming. I just need to first configure a secure version of NTP and then may be later worry about its architectural and engineering underpinnings. Can someone please wade me through these drowning NTP waters? Don't necessarily need a working config from you, just info on which NTP mode/config to try and may be also a public time server that supports that mode/config. Many thanks, /HS

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• Is there a limit to how many sites can be hosted on a single IP address when using HTTP Host Headers on Windows 2008?

  - by Kev

  For reasons that are lost in the mists of time, our older Windows (2000, 2003) servers have been configured with a "Administrative" IP address and three further "Hosting" IP addresses. There are also additional IP's for sites with SSL certificates. The "Administrative" IP address is where all our internal provisioning, monitoring and other such apps are bound to. We lock this down and don't permit access to it from the outside world (other than over our VPN). The three "Hosting" IP addresses are used for IIS website hosting (in conjunction with host headers). Historically, new site IP address allocations have been rotated through these three IP addresses. I'm not really sure why. I'm building a new batch of servers and I'm considering just having a single hosting IP address. Our servers can host up to 1200 sites on a single machine. Is there a technical limit to the number of IIS sites that can bind to a single IP address? Our Linux platform seems to do just fine with just a single shared IP + host headers. I initially thought this might be an SEO thing, but given that IPv4 address space conservation is paramount I hardly think Google or other search engines could reasonably penalise site rankings just because hundreds of sites hang off the same IP.

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• htaccess hacked - i've deleted code and file - what next?

  - by user1762595

  My website was hacked recently. I think i've found the code that was added to the htaccess file, deleted it and then added script to prevent the htaccess file being accessed again. I've also deleted the php file that the hacked code refers to (common.php). What do i need to do next? I'm not a programmer or website developer but i really wanted to see if i could fix the problem myself as i've spent quite a few hours trying and don't give up easily. Here is the hacked code that i deleted; <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (google|yahoo) [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} (google|yahoo) RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /$ [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} (shtml|html|htm|php|xml|phtml|asp|aspx)$ [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !common.php RewriteCond /home/httpd/vhosts/bluestardive.com/httpdocs/common.php -f RewriteRule ^.*$ /common.php [L] </IfModule> this code has to stay in the htaccess file as it redirects my url to seo friendly ones or the website errors, but has this code been hacked as well? # Apache search queries statistic module RewriteEngine On AddHandler php5-fastcgi .php .php5 # <contrexx> # <core_modules__alias> RewriteRule ^about-us$ /index.php?page=883 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^ausfluge-und-aktivitaten$ /index.php?page=800 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^bluestardive-news$ /index.php?page=919 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^bookings$ /index.php?page=911 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^diveresort$ /index.php?page=879 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^diving$ /index.php?page=880 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^excursions-and-activities$ /index.php?page=881 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^galerie$ /index.php?section=gallery [L,NC] RewriteRule ^oceannight$ http://www.bluestardive.com/index.php?page=906 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^philosophy$ /index.php?page=846 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^reservation$ /index.php?page=917 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^reservierung$ /index.php?page=918 [L,NC] RewriteRule ^resort$ /index.php?page=798 [L,NC] # </core_modules__alias> # </contrexx> many thanks for any help Claire

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• Windows 8 preinstall downgrade to Win 7: UEFI problems :/

  - by Tim Flemming

  I have a friend who has a Hp Laptop with UEFI booting. He locked himself out of windows 8 (forgot his password)... so he called me. Well after trying to use the latest version of chntpw in UBCD5.2.6, i came to the conclusion i needed to wipe the drive and install windows 7. A little googling suggested using certain versions of chntpw, but i decided to not waste the time burning endless CDs. Anyway, He agreed to installing Win7 "I hate the big tile thingys". So i attacked with Gparted. Wiped the whole drive. Set flags to boot. Set part table as MBR. However upon trying to install win7, it still claimed i had a GPT style disk. unable to install. the only thing i can think of I'm doing wrong is not changing the bios/UEFI to legacy... My question is, If I enable legacy, somehow get the drive to actually be MBR, and use my X86 DVD, should I be good? Is there some common glitches ppl miss when dealing with GPT/EFI/UEFI? I need answers cuz he now has a blank laptop which I am responsible for. Another question. windows 8 came installed on a GPT disk. SO WHY WHEN I BOOT THE INSTALL DVD DOES IT SAY IT CANT INSTALL TO A GPT STYLE DISK??? WTF??? talk about the bleeding edge man.

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• centos install / partitioning

  - by ServerSideX

  I'm using NOC-PS to remotely install Centos 6.2 via KVM / IPMI. I'm going to install cPanel as well and they recommend this layout /boot (99MB) swap (2x server RAM) / (remainder) In the o/s install profile within NOC-PS software, it shows as this: part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 250 part pv.01 --size 1 --grow volgroup vg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=root logvol /tmp --vgname=vg --size=1024 --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=tmp logvol swap --vgname=vg --recommended --name=swap By the time the default partition setup was done installing Centos, I get this [root@server005 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg-root 532G 907M 504G 1% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 28M 202M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vg-tmp 1008M 34M 924M 4% /tmp [root@server005 ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 7 18:47:24 2012 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 discard,noatime 1 1 UUID=58b31aaf-5072-4fb1-a858-33bc316fa793 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-tmp /tmp ext4 discard,noatime 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 My question is, how should the NOC-PS install profile look like to get the recommended cPanel partitioning? The server has 16GB RAM, dual 600GB SAS drives and will be used for cPanel shared hosting.

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• Safe to remove Python2.6 files?

  - by darkfeline

  I'm using Linux Mint 11 (will upgrade soon), and I've noticed that, even though I don't have any python2.6 packages installed with apt, there's a bunch of residual python2.6 files scattered around my drive, including, but not limited to, dist-packages in /usr/lib/python2.6 and various /usr/share stuff. Is there any way to test if these files are still being used? I'm tempted to sudo rm -rf the lot of them, but I'm scared it'll break stuff. Also, does anyone have any idea where these files could have come from? I believe I had python2.6 installed once upon a time, but I made sure to --purge them, so there shouldn't be any trace of them left, right? EDIT: after using a quick script to check all of the files, it appears most of them belong to important packages, so I won't try weeding out the few which I know are probably useless. Although I am curious why so many packages have python2.6 files when I don't even have it installed. These files are not associated with any packages and I'm not sure if they are safe to remove: /usr/bin/ipython2.6 /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.15.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/easy_install.py /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/IPython /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/ipython-0.10.1.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools.egg-info /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/setuptools.pth /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/site.py /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/wx.pth /usr/local/lib/python2.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages /usr/local/lib/python2.6/site-packages /usr/share/man/man1/ipython2.6.1.gz

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• How to know who accessed a file or if a file has 'access' monitor in linux

  - by J L

  I'm a noob and have some questions about viewing who accessed a file. I found there are ways to see if a file was accessed (not modified/changed) through audit subsystem and inotify. However, from what I have read online, according to here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-audit-files-to-see-who-made-changes-to-a-file.html it says to 'watch/monitor' file, I have to set a watch by using command like: # auditctl -w /etc/passwd -p war -k password-file So if I create a new file or directory, do I have to use audit/inotify command to 'set' watch first to 'watch' who accessed the new file? Also is there a way to know if a directory is being 'watched' through audit subsystem or inotify? How/where can I check the log of a file? edit: from further googling, I found this page saying: http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man7/inotify.7.html The inotify API provides no information about the user or process that triggered the inotify event. So I guess this means that I cant figure out which user accessed a file? Only audit subsystem can be used to figure out who accessed a file?

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