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How should I troubleshoot a problematic wireless connection on Linux?

- by Gearoid Murphy

I recently purchased a netgear 150 usb wireless dongle for use with my 11.10 Xubuntu amd64 system. Using the network-manager interface, I can see local wireless networks and enter the authentication details for my local wireless lan. Unfortunately, the connection does not seem to work, I keep getting notifications that my wireless has disconnected (but none indicating that I've connected). When I examine syslog, it seems to indicate that I've successfully associated with the wireless switch and that dhcp has successfully acquired an ip address but the log shows that the dhcp process keeps sending requests, eventually dropping the connection. 'ifconfig wlan0' never shows the dhcp address logged in syslog. I suspect that the problem lies with the usb dongle, my configuration or the wireless switch but I am not certain how to isolate the problem, can anyone provide some insight on how I should go about homing in on the cause of this problem or verifying the functionality of the individual components, thanks.

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Configuring Linux Network

- by Reiler

Hi I'm working on some software, that runs on a Centos 5.xx installation. I'ts not allowed for our customers to log in to Linux, everything is done from Windows applications, developed by us. So we have build a frontend for the user to configure network setup: Static/DHCP, ip-address, gateway, DNS, Hostname. Right now I let the user enter the information in the Windows app, and then write it on the Linux server like this: Write to /etc/resolv.conf: Nameserver Write to /etc/sysconfig/network: Gateway and Hostname Write to /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0: Ipaddress, Netmask, Bootproto(DHCP or Static) I also (after some time) found out that I was unable to send mail, unless I wrote in /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 Hostname All this seems to work, but is there a better/easier way to do this? Also, I read the network configuration nearly the same way, but if I use DHCP, I miss som information, for instance the Ip-address. I know that I can get some information from the commandline (ifconfig), but I dont get for instance Hostname, Gateway and DNS. Is there a commandline tool that will display this?

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EC2 hostname ubuntu and ejabberd

- by aelbaz

I have questions related to the host name in Ubuntu EC2 instances. I have a IPS elastics for hosts that want to be seen from the internet and I have pointed out in the DNS entries with the computer name to those ips. For example, for elastic IP 11.11.11.11 DNS I added my computer name www.example.com. But I also want to rename the machines which they have, because it is a parameter of the service running on them (ejabberd server). EC2 instances are restarted when changing the host name, and seen on the client requesting dhcp hostname to dhcp Amazon. My question is ... What is the safest method to change the hostname: dhcp client modify, insert the command in rc.local, etc. ..? Could I have a problem with the internal resolution of traffic between EC2 instances? thanks

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Using PVLANs with normal VLANs in a trunked environment

- by user974896

Assume a trunked environment with two switches, S1 and S2. The swtiches are connected with a trunk port designed to pass VLAN 26. What would happen if VLAN 26 on S2 is configured as a private-vlan with the default gateway and DHCP server and default gateway as promisc ports. What if S1's VLAN 26 is configured as a standard VLAN. Would the hosts on S1 be able to communicate with the promisc ports on S2? Would they be able to communicate with the hosts on S2? To further complicate things what if the DHCP server were to reside on S1 and I wanted S2 to have private VLANS with promisc ports as the gateway and DHCP server while still leaving S1 in a standard vlan configuration.

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How to configure OpenVPN server to use custom default gateway?

- by Arenim

I have a vpn server at address 10.1.0.2 and the server have another ip in it's network -- 10.0.0.2 in his subnet (it's a tun2socks router). But default server's gateway is NOT 10.0.0.2 (and it's ok) but another external IP. I want all the client's traffic to be forwarded through this ip address -- 10.0.0.2. Here is part of my server's config: dev tap0 server-bridge 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0 10.1.0.50 10.1.0.100 push "route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0" ; now client can ping 10.0.0.2 push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 10.1.0.1" push "dhcp-option WINS 10.1.0.1" in fact i want some like push "redirect-gateway 10.0.0.2" How can I achieve this?

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Can OpenVPN be set up so the server doesn't have interface that is part of the VPN?

- by BCS

I'm looking to set up a VPN (OpenVPN is my first choice but I'm not stuck with it) in such a way that the server that hosts the VPN is not visible from within the VPN. That is; any packet that a client sends via the VPN interface will get delivered to another client's VPN interface or get dropped. In the other direction, the server shouldn't have a VPN interface at all and normal network operations shouldn't be able to send packets on the network. Can this be done? All the docs I have found have assumed that clients will connect via DHCP (this requiring that the server connect at least to that extent) but I can't think of any reason that a VPN couldn't use static IP's or that the DHCP server couldn't be implemented inside the VPN (see edit) server without setting up a VPN interface on the server. Edit: Based on the link on bridged mode from Phil Hollenback's answer it seems that OpenVPN does in fact have the "internal DHCP server" that I'm thinking of.

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virtualbox, MAAS: help needed

- by Roberto Attias

Ok, I made some progress wrt the original question (still below). I found /etc/maas/dhcpd.conf contained option domain-name-servers 10.0.3.15, and changed it to 192.168.0.11. After restarting the daemon, I now see "node" getting the right DNS, unfortunately this doesn't fix the main problem, which I believe is the reference to 169.254.169.254. It does introduce a new question: while the remaining information from /etc/maas/dhcp.conf is present in the maas GUI, there is no field to enter the dns address. Why? Anyway, my original problem still stands... Any idea? Original question follows. In VirtualBox, I have: master VM: ubuntu 12.04.3 server eth0: Internal Network, IP= 192.168.0.11 eth1: NAT, IP= 10.0.3.15 eth2: Host-only, IP= 192.168.56.102 running MAAS region and cluster controlller, with DHCP and DNS enabled node VM: eth0: Internal Network node VM boots in PXEboot. DHCP succeeds, and the boot process starts, but during boot I see some issues. One of them is "disk drive not ready yet or not present" for / and /tmp. I've googled this issue, and some people say it happens when the fisical disk is a SSD, which is my case. Anywaythe system seems to recover from this eventually. Immediately after it starts printing a lot of messages of the form: 2013-10-01 16:52:37,142 - url_helper.py[WARNING]: Calling 'http://169.254.168.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/instance-id failed [x/y]: url error [[Errno 113] No route to host] That IP address is clearly bogous, not sure where it came from. Before that point, I had seen the following network configuration: address: 192.168.0.100 broadcast: 192.168.0.255 netmask: 255.255.255.0 gateway: 192.168.0.1 dns0 : 10.0.3.15 dns1 : 0.0.0.0 Not sure if related, but the dns doesn't seem right, as node doesn't have an interface to reach 10.0.3.15. If that's the problem, what should I change to have the DNS point to 192.168.0.11? Thanks, Roberto

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Setting up shared connection

- by Calvin Froedge

I have a network that is connected to the internet via a switch connected to a router. I have it setup like this so I can work on the new network without causing problems on the old. Anyway, I'm trying to enable internet connection sharing. Internet comes to server like this: Modem - Router - Switch - Ubuntu 11.10 (Eth0) I want to share the connection through Eth1 (Eth1 - Managed Switch - Clients). Here is my config for /etc/network/interfaces: I have a DHCP server running on Eth1. Here is my config: ddns-update-style none; option domain-name "myserver.local"; option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2, 8.8.8.8; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; authoritative; subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { interface eth1; range 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.254; option routers 192.168.1.1; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; } Here is /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp #Used for internal network auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255 network 192.168.1.0 Here is /etc/hosts: 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 myserver.isp.com server 192.168.1.2 server.myserver.local server myserver.local In /etc/sysctl.conf, I've set the following: net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 Finally, in /etc/rc.local, I've set the following: /sbin/iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT /sbin/iptables --table nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE When I ping 8.8.8.8 (google's DNS) from a client that is authenticated with my DHCP server (they have been assigned a local ip, like 192.168.1.10), I get a timeout. How can I debug this further to figure out where my problem is?

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Broadcom BCM4313 takes ages to connect

- by Drazgo

I'm having issues with my broadcom BCM4313 wireless adapter. Everything works just fine when connected (with additional drivers & Connman), but it takes about 5 minutes to connect to my network when i just started my computer! When resuming from hibernation it goes very quick though, so just when I boot my pc it's taking forever... This is what I found in the dmesg output: [ 16.778057] eth1: Broadcom BCM4727 802.11 Hybrid Wireless Controller 5.60.48.36 [ 16.808768] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/sbin/dhclient3" pid=833 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.808815] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/sbin/dhclient3" pid=799 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.808825] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/sbin/dhclient3" pid=826 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.809367] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=833 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.809415] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=799 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.809435] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-client.action" pid=826 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.809705] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=833 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.809755] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=799 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.809769] type=1400 audit(1295859939.727:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/lib/connman/scripts/dhclient-script" pid=826 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 16.844083] alloc irq_desc for 22 on node -1 [ 16.844087] alloc kstat_irqs on node -1 Any ideas how come? Thanks in advance!

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"domain crashed" when creating new Xen instance

- by user47650

I have downloaded a Xen virtual machine image from the appscale project, and I am trying to start it up. However once I run the command; xm create -c -f xen.conf The instance immediately crashes and provides no console output. however it produces logs that I have posted below. but this is the error; [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] WARNING (XendDomainInfo:1178) Domain has crashed: name=appscale-1.4b id=10. I have managed to mount the root.img file locally and verify that it is actually an ext3 file system. I am running Xen 3.0.3 that is a stock RPM from the CentOS 5 repos; # rpm -qa | grep -i xen xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 xen-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 xen-libs-3.0.3-105.el5_5.5 kernel-xen-2.6.18-194.32.1.el5 any suggestions on how to proceed with troubleshooting? (i am a newbie to Xen) so far I have enabled console logging, but the log file is empty. ==> domain-builder-ng.log <== xc_dom_allocate: cmdline=" ip=:1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp root=/dev/sda1 ro xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console", features="" xc_dom_kernel_file: filename="/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server" xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 2284 kB xc_dom_ramdisk_file: filename="/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server" xc_dom_malloc_filemap : 9005 kB xc_dom_boot_xen_init: ver 3.1, caps xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p xc_dom_parse_image: called xc_dom_find_loader: trying ELF-generic loader ... failed xc_dom_find_loader: trying Linux bzImage loader ... xc_dom_malloc : 9875 kB xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x234bb2 -> 0x9a4de0 OK elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x200000 memsz=0x447000 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x647000 memsz=0xab888 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x6f3000 memsz=0x908 elf_parse_binary: phdr: paddr=0x6f4000 memsz=0x1c2f9c elf_parse_binary: memory: 0x200000 -> 0x8b6f9c elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_OS = "linux" elf_xen_parse_note: GUEST_VERSION = "2.6" elf_xen_parse_note: XEN_VERSION = "xen-3.0" elf_xen_parse_note: VIRT_BASE = 0xffffffff80000000 elf_xen_parse_note: ENTRY = 0xffffffff8071e200 elf_xen_parse_note: HYPERCALL_PAGE = 0xffffffff80209000 elf_xen_parse_note: FEATURES = "!writable_page_tables|pae_pgdir_above_4gb" elf_xen_parse_note: PAE_MODE = "yes" elf_xen_parse_note: LOADER = "generic" elf_xen_parse_note: unknown xen elf note (0xd) elf_xen_parse_note: SUSPEND_CANCEL = 0x1 elf_xen_parse_note: HV_START_LOW = 0xffff800000000000 elf_xen_parse_note: PADDR_OFFSET = 0x0 elf_xen_addr_calc_check: addresses: virt_base = 0xffffffff80000000 elf_paddr_offset = 0x0 virt_offset = 0xffffffff80000000 virt_kstart = 0xffffffff80200000 virt_kend = 0xffffffff808b6f9c virt_entry = 0xffffffff8071e200 xc_dom_parse_elf_kernel: xen-3.0-x86_64: 0xffffffff80200000 -> 0xffffffff808b6f9c xc_dom_mem_init: mem 1024 MB, pages 0x40000 pages, 4k each xc_dom_mem_init: 0x40000 pages xc_dom_boot_mem_init: called x86_compat: guest xen-3.0-x86_64, address size 64 xc_dom_malloc : 2048 kB ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:01 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:957) Dev 0 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2114) UUID Created: True [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2115) Devices to release: [], domid = 9 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2127) Releasing PVFB backend devices ... [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:207) XendDomainInfo.create(['domain', ['domid', 9], ['uuid', 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0'], ['vcpus', 1], ['vcpu_avail', 1], ['cpu_cap', 0], ['cpu_weight', 256], ['memory', 1024], ['shadow_memory', 0], ['maxmem', 1024], ['features', ''], ['name', 'appscale-1.4b'], ['on_poweroff', 'destroy'], ['on_reboot', 'restart'], ['on_crash', 'restart'], ['image', ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']]], ['cpus', []], ['device', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]], ['device', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']]], ['state', '----c-'], ['shutdown_reason', 'crash'], ['cpu_time', 0.000339131], ['online_vcpus', 1], ['up_time', '0.952092885971'], ['start_time', '1299011639.92'], ['store_mfn', 1169289], ['console_mfn', 1169288]]) [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:329) parseConfig: config is ['domain', ['domid', 9], ['uuid', 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0'], ['vcpus', 1], ['vcpu_avail', 1], ['cpu_cap', 0], ['cpu_weight', 256], ['memory', 1024], ['shadow_memory', 0], ['maxmem', 1024], ['features', ''], ['name', 'appscale-1.4b'], ['on_poweroff', 'destroy'], ['on_reboot', 'restart'], ['on_crash', 'restart'], ['image', ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']]], ['cpus', []], ['device', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]], ['device', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']]], ['state', '----c-'], ['shutdown_reason', 'crash'], ['cpu_time', 0.000339131], ['online_vcpus', 1], ['up_time', '0.952092885971'], ['start_time', '1299011639.92'], ['store_mfn', 1169289], ['console_mfn', 1169288]] [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:446) parseConfig: result is {'features': '', 'image': ['linux', ['kernel', '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ramdisk', '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server'], ['ip', ':1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp'], ['root', '/dev/sda1 ro'], ['args', 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console']], 'cpus': [], 'vcpu_avail': 1, 'backend': [], 'uuid': 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'on_reboot': 'restart', 'cpu_weight': 256.0, 'memory': 1024, 'cpu_cap': 0, 'localtime': None, 'timer_mode': None, 'start_time': 1299011639.9200001, 'on_poweroff': 'destroy', 'on_crash': 'restart', 'device': [('vif', ['vif', ['backend', 0], ['script', 'vif-bridge'], ['mac', '00:16:3B:72:10:E4']]), ('vbd', ['vbd', ['backend', 0], ['dev', 'sda1:disk'], ['uname', 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img'], ['mode', 'w']])], 'bootloader': None, 'maxmem': 1024, 'shadow_memory': 0, 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'bootloader_args': None, 'vcpus': 1, 'cpu': None} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1784) XendDomainInfo.construct: None [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (balloon:145) Balloon: 3034420 KiB free; need 4096; done. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1953) XendDomainInfo.initDomain: 10 256.0 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1994) _initDomain:shadow_memory=0x0, maxmem=0x400, memory=0x400. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (balloon:145) Balloon: 3034412 KiB free; need 1048576; done. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] INFO (image:139) buildDomain os=linux dom=10 vcpus=1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:208) domid = 10 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:209) memsize = 1024 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:210) image = /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:211) store_evtchn = 1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:212) console_evtchn = 2 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:213) cmdline = ip=:1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp root=/dev/sda1 ro xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:214) ramdisk = /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:215) vcpus = 1 [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (image:216) features = ==> domain-builder-ng.log <== xc_dom_build_image: called xc_dom_alloc_segment: kernel : 0xffffffff80200000 -> 0xffffffff808b7000 (pfn 0x200 + 0x6b7 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x200+0x6b7 at 0x2aaaab5f6000 elf_load_binary: phdr 0 at 0x0x2aaaab5f6000 -> 0x0x2aaaaba3d000 elf_load_binary: phdr 1 at 0x0x2aaaaba3d000 -> 0x0x2aaaabae8888 elf_load_binary: phdr 2 at 0x0x2aaaabae9000 -> 0x0x2aaaabae9908 elf_load_binary: phdr 3 at 0x0x2aaaabaea000 -> 0x0x2aaaabb9a004 xc_dom_alloc_segment: ramdisk : 0xffffffff808b7000 -> 0xffffffff82382000 (pfn 0x8b7 + 0x1acb pages) xc_dom_malloc : 160 kB xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x8b7+0x1acb at 0x2aaab0000000 xc_dom_do_gunzip: unzip ok, 0x8cb5e7 -> 0x1aca210 xc_dom_alloc_segment: phys2mach : 0xffffffff82382000 -> 0xffffffff82582000 (pfn 0x2382 + 0x200 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2382+0x200 at 0x2aaab1acb000 xc_dom_alloc_page : start info : 0xffffffff82582000 (pfn 0x2582) xc_dom_alloc_page : xenstore : 0xffffffff82583000 (pfn 0x2583) xc_dom_alloc_page : console : 0xffffffff82584000 (pfn 0x2584) nr_page_tables: 0x0000ffffffffffff/48: 0xffff000000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x0000007fffffffff/39: 0xffffff8000000000 -> 0xffffffffffffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x000000003fffffff/30: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffffbfffffff, 1 table(s) nr_page_tables: 0x00000000001fffff/21: 0xffffffff80000000 -> 0xffffffff827fffff, 20 table(s) xc_dom_alloc_segment: page tables : 0xffffffff82585000 -> 0xffffffff8259c000 (pfn 0x2585 + 0x17 pages) xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2585+0x17 at 0x2aaab1ccb000 xc_dom_alloc_page : boot stack : 0xffffffff8259c000 (pfn 0x259c) xc_dom_build_image : virt_alloc_end : 0xffffffff8259d000 xc_dom_build_image : virt_pgtab_end : 0xffffffff82800000 xc_dom_boot_image: called arch_setup_bootearly: doing nothing xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_64 <= matches xc_dom_compat_check: supported guest type: xen-3.0-x86_32p xc_dom_update_guest_p2m: dst 64bit, pages 0x40000 clear_page: pfn 0x2584, mfn 0x11d788 clear_page: pfn 0x2583, mfn 0x11d789 xc_dom_pfn_to_ptr: domU mapping: pfn 0x2582+0x1 at 0x2aaab1ce2000 start_info_x86_64: called setup_hypercall_page: vaddr=0xffffffff80209000 pfn=0x209 domain builder memory footprint allocated malloc : 12139 kB anon mmap : 0 bytes mapped file mmap : 11289 kB domU mmap : 35 MB arch_setup_bootlate: shared_info: pfn 0x0, mfn 0xd6fe1 shared_info_x86_64: called vcpu_x86_64: called vcpu_x86_64: cr3: pfn 0x2585 mfn 0x11d787 launch_vm: called, ctxt=0x97b21f8 xc_dom_release: called ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:114) DevController: writing {'mac': '00:16:3B:72:10:E4', 'handle': '0', 'protocol': 'x86_64-abi', 'backend-id': '0', 'state': '1', 'backend': '/local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0'} to /local/domain/10/device/vif/0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:116) DevController: writing {'domain': 'appscale-1.4b', 'handle': '0', 'script': '/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge', 'state': '1', 'frontend': '/local/domain/10/device/vif/0', 'mac': '00:16:3B:72:10:E4', 'online': '1', 'frontend-id': '10'} to /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:634) Checking for duplicate for uname: /local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img [file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img], dev: sda1:disk, mode: w [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (blkif:27) exception looking up device number for sda1:disk: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/sda1:disk' [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (blkif:27) exception looking up device number for sda1: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/dev/sda1' [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:114) DevController: writing {'virtual-device': '2049', 'device-type': 'disk', 'protocol': 'x86_64-abi', 'backend-id': '0', 'state': '1', 'backend': '/local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049'} to /local/domain/10/device/vbd/2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:116) DevController: writing {'domain': 'appscale-1.4b', 'frontend': '/local/domain/10/device/vbd/2049', 'format': 'raw', 'dev': 'sda1', 'state': '1', 'params': '/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img', 'mode': 'w', 'online': '1', 'frontend-id': '10', 'type': 'file'} to /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:993) Storing VM details: {'shadow_memory': '0', 'uuid': 'd5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'on_reboot': 'restart', 'start_time': '1299011642.74', 'on_poweroff': 'destroy', 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'xend/restart_count': '0', 'vcpus': '1', 'vcpu_avail': '1', 'memory': '1024', 'on_crash': 'restart', 'image': "(linux (kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server) (ramdisk /boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server) (ip :1.2.3.4::::eth0:dhcp) (root '/dev/sda1 ro') (args 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console'))", 'maxmem': '1024'} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1028) Storing domain details: {'console/ring-ref': '1169288', 'console/port': '2', 'name': 'appscale-1.4b', 'console/limit': '1048576', 'vm': '/vm/d5f22dd4-8dc2-f51f-84e9-eea7d71ea1d0', 'domid': '10', 'cpu/0/availability': 'online', 'memory/target': '1048576', 'store/ring-ref': '1169289', 'store/port': '1'} [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vif. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:164) Waiting for 0. [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:1250) XendDomainInfo.handleShutdownWatch [2011-03-01 12:34:02 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vif/10/0/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:523) hotplugStatusCallback 1. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices usb. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vbd. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:164) Waiting for 2049. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:509) hotplugStatusCallback /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/10/2049/hotplug-status. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:523) hotplugStatusCallback 1. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices irq. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vkbd. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vfb. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices pci. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices ioports. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices tap. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend 3580] DEBUG (DevController:158) Waiting for devices vtpm. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] WARNING (XendDomainInfo:1178) Domain has crashed: name=appscale-1.4b id=10. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] ERROR (XendDomainInfo:2654) VM appscale-1.4b restarting too fast (2.275545 seconds since the last restart). Refusing to restart to avoid loops. [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2189) XendDomainInfo.destroy: domid=10 ==> xen-hotplug.log <== Nothing to flush. ==> xend.log <== [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] INFO (XendDomainInfo:2330) Dev 2049 still active, looping... [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2114) UUID Created: True [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2115) Devices to release: [], domid = 10 [2011-03-01 12:34:03 xend.XendDomainInfo 3580] DEBUG (XendDomainInfo:2127) Releasing PVFB backend devices ... And this is the xen.conf file that I am using; # cat xen.conf # Configuration file for the Xen instance AppScale, created # bn VMBuilder kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-server' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.27-7-server' memory = 1024 vcpus = 1 root = '/dev/sda1 ro' disk = [ 'file:/local/xen/domains/appscale1.4/root.img,sda1,w', ] name = 'appscale-1.4b' dhcp = 'dhcp' vif = [ 'mac=00:16:3B:72:10:E4' ] on_poweroff = 'destroy' on_reboot = 'restart' on_crash = 'restart' extra = 'xencons=tty console=tty1 console=hvc0 debugger=y debug=y sync_console'

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DD-WRT No Internet connection over LAN

- by algorithms

I flashed the DD-WRT firmware on my TP-Link WR1043ND router and although after cloning the PC's MAC-Address it gets the correct IP from my ISP, the internet connection over LAN just won't work. The strange thing is it does work flawlessly over W-LAN, which tells me the problem should lie somehow in the default LAN settings or the PC. Any idea what the problem might be? UPDATE: It seems the problem is the desktop PC, since the laptop can connect to the interet via ethernet without any problems. ipconfig /all seems totally normal (dhcp, dns, gateway all set to 192.168.1.1) I already tried the following things without success: disabling firewall rebooting router/modem/pc router hard-reset resetting tcp/ip and winsock manual setting of DNS/IP/Gateway Here is the ipconfig /all: Windows-IP-Konfiguration Hostname . . . . . . . . . . . . : Nitro-PC Primäres DNS-Suffix . . . . . . . : Knotentyp . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP-Routing aktiviert . . . . . . : Nein WINS-Proxy aktiviert . . . . . . : Nein Ethernet-Adapter LAN-Verbindung 2: Medienstatus. . . . . . . . . . . : Medium getrennt Verbindungsspezifisches DNS-Suffix: Beschreibung. . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Win32 Adapter V9 Physikalische Adresse . . . . . . : 00-FF-56-CA-66-8D DHCP aktiviert. . . . . . . . . . : Ja Autokonfiguration aktiviert . . . : Ja Ethernet-Adapter LAN-Verbindung: Verbindungsspezifisches DNS-Suffix: Beschreibung. . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Physikalische Adresse . . . . . . : 48-5B-39-5B-DE-17 DHCP aktiviert. . . . . . . . . . : Ja Autokonfiguration aktiviert . . . : Ja Verbindungslokale IPv6-Adresse . : fe80::6934:b121:9eab:c6ce%10(Bevorzugt) IPv4-Adresse . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.18(Bevorzugt) Subnetzmaske . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease erhalten. . . . . . . . . . : Donnerstag, 30. August 2012 10:52:30 Lease läuft ab. . . . . . . . . . : Freitag, 31. August 2012 10:52:30 Standardgateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCP-Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 DHCPv6-IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 239622969 DHCPv6-Client-DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-43-0D-B2-48-5B-39-5B-DE-17 DNS-Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 NetBIOS über TCP/IP . . . . . . . : Aktiviert Tunneladapter isatap.{56CA668D-9112-4399-9D9A-F1D42F0E52DE}: Medienstatus. . . . . . . . . . . : Medium getrennt Verbindungsspezifisches DNS-Suffix: Beschreibung. . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft-ISATAP-Adapter Physikalische Adresse . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP aktiviert. . . . . . . . . . : Nein Autokonfiguration aktiviert . . . : Ja Tunneladapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Verbindungsspezifisches DNS-Suffix: Beschreibung. . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physikalische Adresse . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP aktiviert. . . . . . . . . . : Nein Autokonfiguration aktiviert . . . : Ja IPv6-Adresse. . . . . . . . . . . : 2001:0:5ef5:79fd:1432:3dcd:3f57:feed(Bevorzugt) Verbindungslokale IPv6-Adresse . : fe80::1432:3dcd:3f57:feed%12(Bevorzugt) Standardgateway . . . . . . . . . : :: NetBIOS über TCP/IP . . . . . . . : Deaktiviert Tunneladapter isatap.{AD21069D-D2AF-423E-BF59-0B1CD0D235E8}: Medienstatus. . . . . . . . . . . : Medium getrennt Verbindungsspezifisches DNS-Suffix: Beschreibung. . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft-ISATAP-Adapter #2 Physikalische Adresse . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP aktiviert. . . . . . . . . . : Nein Autokonfiguration aktiviert . . . : Ja Tunneladapter 6TO4 Adapter: Medienstatus. . . . . . . . . . . : Medium getrennt Verbindungsspezifisches DNS-Suffix: Beschreibung. . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft-6zu4-Adapter Physikalische Adresse . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP aktiviert. . . . . . . . . . : Nein Autokonfiguration aktiviert . . . : Ja route PRINT IPv4-Routentabelle =========================================================================== Aktive Routen: Netzwerkziel Netzwerkmaske Gateway Schnittstelle Metrik 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.18 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Auf Verbindung 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 Auf Verbindung 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 Auf Verbindung 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Auf Verbindung 192.168.1.18 266 192.168.1.18 255.255.255.255 Auf Verbindung 192.168.1.18 266 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 Auf Verbindung 192.168.1.18 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 Auf Verbindung 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 Auf Verbindung 192.168.1.18 266 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 Auf Verbindung 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 Auf Verbindung 192.168.1.18 266 =========================================================================== Stndige Routen: Keine

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Ubuntu Server, 2 Ethernet Devices, Same Gateway - Want to force internet traffic through 1 device (or at least allow it to work!)

- by Chris Drumgoole

I have a Ubuntu 10.04 Server with 2 ethernet devices, eth0 and eth1. eth0 has a static IP of 192.168.1.210 eth1 has a static IP if 192.168.1.211 The DHCP server (which also serves as the internet gateway) sits at 192.168.1.1. The issue I have right now is when I have both plugged in, I can connect to both IPs over SSH internally, but I can't connect to the internet from the server. If I unplug one of the devices (e.g. eth1), then it works, no problem. (Also, I get the same result when I run sudo ifconfig eth1 down). Question, how can I configure it so that I can have both devices eth0 and eth1 play nice on the same network, but allow internet access as well? (I am open to either enforcing all inet traffic going through a single device, or through both, I'm flexible). From my google searching, it seems I could have a unique (or not popular) problem, so haven't been able to find a solution. Is this something that people generally don't do? The reason I want to make use of both ethernet devices is because I want to run different local traffic services on on both to split the load, so to speak... Thanks in advance. UPDATE Contents of /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp # The secondary network interface #auto eth1 #iface eth1 inet dhcp (Note: above, I commented out the last 2 lines because I thought that was causing issues... but it didn't solve it) netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 UPDATE 2 I made a change to the /etc/network/interfaces file as suggested by Kevin. Before I display the file contents and the route table, when I am logged into the server (through SSH), I can not ping an external server, so this is the same issue I was experiencing that led to me posting this question. I ran a /etc/init.d/networking restart after making the file changes. Contents of /etc/network/interfaces: # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp address 192.168.1.210 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 # The secondary network interface auto eth1 iface eth1 inet dhcp address 192.168.1.211 netmask 255.255.255.0 ifconfig output eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 78:2b:cb:4c:02:7f inet addr:192.168.1.210 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::7a2b:cbff:fe4c:27f/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:6397 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:683 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:538881 (538.8 KB) TX bytes:85597 (85.5 KB) Interrupt:36 Memory:da000000-da012800 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 78:2b:cb:4c:02:80 inet addr:192.168.1.211 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::7a2b:cbff:fe4c:280/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5799 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:484436 (484.4 KB) TX bytes:1184 (1.1 KB) Interrupt:48 Memory:dc000000-dc012800 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:635 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:635 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:38154 (38.1 KB) TX bytes:38154 (38.1 KB) netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

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Clustering for Mere Mortals (Pt 3)

- by Geoff N. Hiten

The Controller Now we get to the meat of the matter. You want a virtual cluster, the first thing you have to do is create your own portable domain. Start with a plain vanilla install of Windows 2003 R2 Standard on a semi-default VM. (1 GB RAM, 2 cores, 2 NICs, 128GB dynamically expanding VHD file). I chose this because it had the smallest disk and memory footprint of any current supported Microsoft Server product. I created the VM with a single dynamically expanding VHD, one fixed 16 GB VHD, and two NICs. One NIC is connected to the outside world and the other one is part of an internal-only network. The first NIC is set up as a DHCP client. We will get to the other one later. I actually tried this with Windows 2008 R2, but it failed miserably. Not sure whether it was 2008 R2 or the fact I tried to use cloned VMs in the cluster. Clustering is one place where NewSID would really come in handy. Too bad Microsoft bought and buried it. Load and Patch the OS (hence the need for the outside connection).This is a good time to go get dinner. Maybe a movie too. There are close to a hundred patches that need to be downloaded and applied. Avoiding that mess was why I put so much time into trying to get the 2008 R2 version working. Maybe next time. Don’t forget to add the extensions for VMLite (or whatever virtualization product you prefer). Set a fixed IP address on the internal-only NIC. Do not give it a gateway. Put the same IP address for the NIC and for the DNS Server. This IP should be in a range that is never available on your public network. You will need all the addresses in the range available. See the previous post for the exact settings I used. I chose 10.97.230.1 as the server. The rest of the 10.97.230 range is what I will use later. For the curious, those numbers are based on elements of my home address. Not truly random, but good enough for this project. Do not bridge the network connections. I never allowed the cluster nodes direct access to any public network. Format the fixed VHD and leave it alone for now. Promote the VM to a Domain Controller. If you have never done this, don’t worry. The only meaningful decision is what to call the new domain. I prefer a bogus name that does not correspond to a real Top-Level Domain (TLD). .com, .biz., .net, .org are all TLDs that we know and love. I chose .test as the TLD since it is descriptive AND it does not exist in the real world. The domain is called MicroAD. This gives me MicroAD.Test as my domain. During the promotion process, you will be prompted to install DNS as part of the Domain creation process. You want to accept this option. The installer will automatically assign this DNS server as the authoritative owner of the MicroAD.test DNS domain (not to be confused with the MicroAD.test Active Directory domain.) For the rest of the DCPROMO process, just accept the defaults. Now let’s make our IP address management easy. Add the DHCP Role to the server. Add the server (10.97.230.1 in this case) as the default gateway to assign to DHCP clients. Here is where you have to be VERY careful and bind it ONLY to the Internal NIC. Trust me, your network admin will NOT like an extra DHCP server “helping” out on her network. Go ahead and create a range of 10-20 IP Addresses in your scope. You might find other uses for a pocket domain controller <cough> Mirroring </cough> than just for building a cluster. And Clustering in SQL 2008 and Windows 2008 R2 fully supports DHCP addresses. Now we have three of the five key roles ready. Two more to go. Next comes file sharing. Since your cluster node VMs will not have access to any outside, you have to have some way to get files into these VMs. I simply go to the root of C: and create a “Shared” folder. I then share it out and grant full control to “Everyone” to both the share and to the underlying NTFS folder. This will be immensely useful for Service Packs, demo databases, and any other software that isn’t packaged as an ISO that we can mount to the VM. Finally we need to create a block-level multi-connect storage device. The kind folks at Starwinds Software (http://www.starwindsoftware.com/) graciously gave me a non-expiring demo license for expressly this purpose. Their iSCSI SAN software lets you create an iSCSI target from nearly any storage medium. Refreshingly, their product does exactly what they say it does. Thanks. Remember that 16 GB VHD file? That is where we are going to carve into our LUNs. I created an iSCSI folder off the root, just so I can keep everything organized. I then carved 5 ea. 2 GB iSCSI targets from that folder. I chose a fixed VHD for performance. I tried this earlier with a dynamically expanding VHD, but too many layers of abstraction and sparseness combined to make it unusable even for a demo. Stick with a fixed VHD so there is a one-to-one mapping between abstract and physical storage. If you read the previous post, you know what I named these iSCSI LUNs and why. Yes, I do have some left over space. Always leave yourself room for future growth or options. This gets us up to where we can actually build the nodes and install SQL. As with most clusters, the real work happens long before the individual nodes get installed and configured. At least it does if you want the cluster to be a true high-availability platform.

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Clustering for Mere Mortals (Pt3)

- by Geoff N. Hiten

The Controller Now we get to the meat of the matter. You want a virtual cluster, the first thing you have to do is create your own portable domain. IStart with a plain vanilla install of Windows 2003 R2 Standard on a semi-default VM. (1 GB RAM, 2 cores, 2 NICs, 128GB dynamically expanding VHD file). I chose this because it had the smallest disk and memory footprint of any current supported Microsoft Server product. I created the VM with a single dynamically expanding VHD, one fixed 16 GB VHD, and two NICs. One NIC is connected to the outside world and the other one is part of an internal-only network. The first NIC is set up as a DHCP client. We will get to the other one later. I actually tried this with Windows 2008 R2, but it failed miserably. Not sure whether it was 2008 R2 or the fact I tried to use cloned VMs in the cluster. Clustering is one place where NewSID would really come in handy. Too bad Microsoft bought and buried it. Load and Patch the OS (hence the need for the outside connection).This is a good time to go get dinner. Maybe a movie too. There are close to a hundred patches that need to be downloaded and applied. Avoiding that mess was why I put so much time into trying to get the 2008 R2 version working. Maybe next time. Don’t forget to add the extensions for VMLite (or whatever virtualization product you prefer). Set a fixed IP address on the internal-only NIC. Do not give it a gateway. Put the same IP address for the NIC and for the DNS Server. This IP should be in a range that is never available on your public network. You will need all the addresses in the range available. See the previous post for the exact settings I used. I chose 10.97.230.1 as the server. The rest of the 10.97.230 range is what I will use later. For the curious, those numbers are based on elements of my home address. Not truly random, but good enough for this project. Do not bridge the network connections. I never allowed the cluster nodes direct access to any public network. Format the fixed VHD and leave it alone for now. Promote the VM to a Domain Controller. If you have never done this, don’t worry. The only meaningful decision is what to call the new domain. I prefer a bogus name that does not correspond to a real Top-Level Domain (TLD). .com, .biz., .net, .org are all TLDs that we know and love. I chose .test as the TLD since it is descriptive AND it does not exist in the real world. The domain is called MicroAD. This gives me MicroAD.Test as my domain. During the promotion process, you will be prompted to install DNS as part of the Domain creation process. You want to accept this option. The installer will automatically assign this DNS server as the authoritative owner of the MicroAD.test DNS domain (not to be confused with the MicroAD.test Active Directory domain.) For the rest of the DCPROMO process, just accept the defaults. Now let’s make our IP address management easy. Add the DHCP Role to the server. Add the server (10.97.230.1 in this case) as the default gateway to assign to DHCP clients. Here is where you have to be VERY careful and bind it ONLY to the Internal NIC. Trust me, your network admin will NOT like an extra DHCP server “helping” out on her network. Go ahead and create a range of 10-20 IP Addresses in your scope. You might find other uses for a pocket domain controller <cough> Mirroring </cough> than just for building a cluster. And Clustering in SQL 2008 and Windows 2008 R2 fully supports DHCP addresses. Now we have three of the five key roles ready. Two more to go. Next comes file sharing. Since your cluster node VMs will not have access to any outside, you have to have some way to get files into these VMs. I simply go to the root of C: and create a “Shared” folder. I then share it out and grant full control to “Everyone” to both the share and to the underlying NTFS folder. This will be immensely useful for Service Packs, demo databases, and any other software that isn’t packaged as an ISO that we can mount to the VM. Finally we need to create a block-level multi-connect storage device. The kind folks at Starwinds Software (http://www.starwindsoftware.com/) graciously gave me a non-expiring demo license for expressly this purpose. Their iSCSI SAN software lets you create an iSCSI target from nearly any storage medium. Refreshingly, their product does exactly what they say it does. Thanks. Remember that 16 GB VHD file? That is where we are going to carve into our LUNs. I created an iSCSI folder off the root, just so I can keep everything organized. I then carved 5 ea. 2 GB iSCSI targets from that folder. I chose a fixed VHD for performance. I tried this earlier with a dynamically expanding VHD, but too many layers of abstraction and sparseness combined to make it unusable even for a demo. Stick with a fixed VHD so there is a one-to-one mapping between abstract and physical storage. If you read the previous post, you know what I named these iSCSI LUNs and why. Yes, I do have some left over space. Always leave yourself room for future growth or options. This gets us up to where we can actually build the nodes and install SQL. As with most clusters, the real work happens long before the individual nodes get installed and configured. At least it does if you want the cluster to be a true high-availability platform.

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OpenVPN Client timing out

- by Austin

I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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W7 routing - traffic not going to default gateway

- by Ian Macintosh

I have a really strange Windows 7 IPv4 routing issue that I can't get to the bottom of. The summary of the issue is that the default gateway is set to 192.168.254.253, but that it is actually using a default gateway of 192.168.254.254. Here's a network diagram: .-,( ),-. .-( )-. .-----( internet )----.--------------------------. | '-( ).-' | | | '-.( ).-' | | v v v .------------. .------. .------. | 10mb Fibre | | ADSL | | ADSL | '------------' '------' '------' | | | | | | v v v .---------------------. .--------------------. .--------------------. | Juniper Box | | Draytek DSL Router | | Draytek DSL Router | |---------------------| |--------------------| |--------------------| | (public IP address) | | 172.16.0.x | | 172.16.0.x | '---------------------' '--------------------' '--------------------' | | | | | .-------------------' | v v v .-------------------------. .-----------------. | Draytek Dual WAN Router | | Untangle GW | |-------------------------| |-----------------| | 192.168.254.254 | | 192.168.254.253 | '-------------------------' '-----------------' | | | | | v v =================================== LAN =================================== | | | | v v .----------------. .----------------. | Windows 7 W/S | | Windows 7 W/S | |----------------| |----------------| | 192.168.254.38 | | 192.168.254.77 | '----------------' '----------------' This is a recently (a few weeks ago) converted fibre site with the original 2 DSL lines still attached and running. An Untangle (firewall) was installed with the fibre line. Here is the affected PC network configuration: C:\>ipconfig /allcompartments /all Windows IP Configuration ============================================================================== Network Information for Compartment 1 (ACTIVE) ============================================================================== Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : COMP36 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : XXXXXX.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcast IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : XXXXXX.local Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : XXXXXX.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C8-9C-DC-33-F1-65 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::3925:86a5:7066:ab92%15(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.38(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 22 August 2012 10:20:32 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 30 August 2012 10:20:31 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.253 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.200 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 315137244 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-14-4A-17-8D-10-78-D2-74-2F-8A DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.200 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.200 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Tunnel adapter isatap.XXXXXX.local: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : XXXXXX.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes The routing table: C:\>route print =========================================================================== Interface List 15...c8 9c dc 33 f1 65 ......Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller #2 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 10...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 11...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.254.253 192.168.254.38 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.254.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.254.38 266 192.168.254.38 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.254.38 266 192.168.254.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.254.38 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.254.38 266 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.254.38 266 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 15 266 fe80::/64 On-link 15 266 fe80::3925:86a5:7066:ab92/128 On-link 1 306 ff00 ::/8 On-link 15 266 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None And the strange routing as demonstrated by tracert: C:\>tracert -d www.bbc.co.uk Tracing route to www.bbc.net.uk [212.58.246.95] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 1 ms 1 ms <1 ms 192.168.254.254 2 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 172.16.0.254 3 17 ms 18 ms 16 ms XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 4 18 ms 19 ms 19 ms XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 5 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 6 22 ms 21 ms 22 ms XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 7 21 ms 21 ms 22 ms 217.41.169.109 8 30 ms 32 ms 57 ms 109.159.251.227 9 46 ms 39 ms 35 ms 109.159.251.137 10 27 ms 66 ms 30 ms 109.159.254.116 ^C However, when done from another Windows 7 workstation: C:\Users\administrator>ipconfig /allcompartments /all Windows IP Configuration ============================================================================== Network Information for Compartment 1 (ACTIVE) ============================================================================== Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : PABX-BACKUP Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : XXXXXX.local Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Broadcast IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : XXXXXX.local Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : XXXXXX.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek PCIe GBE Family Controller Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 8C-89-A5-94-43-84 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::9479:1c11:6f9f:ae0b%11(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.77(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 15 August 2012 08:27:18 Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 27 August 2012 08:27:31 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.253 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.200 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 244091301 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-16-C2-79-BE-8C-89-A5-94-43-84 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.200 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.254.200 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Tunnel adapter isatap.XXXXXX.local: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : XXXXXX.local Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft ISATAP Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 9: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft 6to4 Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes C:\Users\administrator> And finally, doing a tracert from the 2nd workstation yields expected results: C:\Users\administrator>tracert -d www.bbc.co.uk Tracing route to www.bbc.net.uk [212.58.244.67] over a maximum of 30 hops: 1 <1 ms <1 ms <1 ms 192.168.254.253 2 1 ms 1 ms 1 ms 141.0.xxx.xxx 3 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 141.0.xxx.xxx 4 7 ms 2 ms 2 ms 109.204.xxx.xxx 5 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 95.177.0.7 6 3 ms 2 ms 2 ms 95.177.0.9 7 30 ms 2 ms 2 ms 95.177.0.2 8 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 195.66.224.103 9 ^C As expected, it is routing via .253, and the 2nd hop is the inside interface of the Juniper NTU. I've not inspected the traffic yet. In particular, I was going to look for ICMP redirects, though why there would be an ICMP redirect at all is not really sensible? .254 used to be the default gateway before the fibre was installed. Any ideas? Doesn't make sense to me why there should be this routing issue :( The Draytek Dual WAN Router was rebooted, the PC was rebooted. The PC had the network disabled and then re-enabled. All the standard stuff when Windows looses the plot. Hopefully somebody recognises the symptoms! PS: Sorry for the long post, but I didn't want to leave something potentially relevant out. PPS: No iSCSI involved on/at this or any other workstation so Windows 7 routing traffic through the gateway for local addresses isn't the issue.

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Windows 7 laptop with two active network connections will not perform DNS AAAA lookup under certain conditions

- by Jeff Loughridge

My laptop has two network interfaces. The Ethernet interface connects directly to my provider's edge router. It obtains an IPv6 address via SLAAC. I manually set an IPv6 DNS server. The wireless interface connects to a CPE router that doesn't understand IPv6. If the wireless interface is disabled, I can reach the IPv6 Internet with no problems using the Ethernet interface. I run into problems when both interfaces are enabled and the wireless interface get its IPv4 DNS server via DHCP. Let's look at two scenarios. Wireless interface obtains IPv4 DNS server via DHCP - The CPE router (192.168.0.1) sends its address as the DNS server. In this scenario, Windows 7 will not perform AAAA lookups. The browser uses IPv4 transit to reach dual stack web sites. I can't reach IPv6-only web sites using domain names. I can reach IPv6-enabled web sites using IPv6 literals instead of the domain name. Wireless interface is manually configured with OpenDNS DNS server - Windows 7 performs AAAA lookups using IPv6 transit (via the Ethernet). Everything works fine. My dual homed set-up is definitely not standard. Still, the behavior is very strange to me. A valid IPv6 interface exists in my Ethernet interface. Why won't Windows attempt AAAA lookups in scenario #1? I've included the output of ipconfig /all and netstat -rn. C:\Program Files\Console>ipconfig /all Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : jake Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : res.openband.net Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection 2: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C0-CB-38-06-54-F9 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Wireless LAN adapter Wireless Network Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : res.openband.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : C0-CB-38-06-54-F9 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::fc39:9293:7d01:4a75%13(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.105(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Wednesday, July 11, 2012 7:35:21 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July 12, 2012 9:49:46 AM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 364956472 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 208.67.222.222 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : res.openband.net Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 2607:2600:1:850:c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b(Preferred) Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : 2607:2600:1:850:3d29:1839:62db:c4c1(Preferred) Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b%12(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.52.2.51(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.254.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Monday, July 09, 2012 8:55:07 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Thursday, July 12, 2012 7:30:05 AM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : fe80::214:6aff:fe51:7f3f%12 10.52.2.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 216.40.77.244 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 2620:0:ccc::2 2620:0:ccd::2 216.40.77.126 216.40.77.244 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-01 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::4c61:495b:229e:281e%14(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.40.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 469782614 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-56-C0-00-08 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::f996:61eb:8c00:45e6%15(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.17.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 486559830 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-17-80-F8-14-5C-26-0A-03-23-5C DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : fec0:0:0:ffff::1%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::2%1 fec0:0:0:ffff::3%1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled C:\Program Files\Console>netstat -rn =========================================================================== Interface List 17...c0 cb 38 06 54 f9 ......Microsoft Virtual WiFi Miniport Adapter 13...c0 cb 38 06 54 f9 ......DW1520 Wireless-N WLAN Half-Mini Card 12...5c 26 0a 03 23 5c ......Intel(R) 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection 11...5c ac 4c f8 b8 55 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network) 14...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 15...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ......VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.52.2.1 10.52.2.51 10 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.105 100 10.52.2.0 255.255.254.0 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 10.52.2.51 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 10.52.3.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.0.105 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 192.168.17.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.17.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.17.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 192.168.40.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 192.168.40.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.52.2.51 261 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.105 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.40.1 276 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.17.1 276 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 12 261 ::/0 fe80::214:6aff:fe51:7f3f 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 12 13 2607:2600:1:850::/64 On-link 12 261 2607:2600:1:850:3d29:1839:62db:c4c1/128 On-link 12 261 2607:2600:1:850:c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b/128 On-link 12 261 fe80::/64 On-link 13 281 fe80::/64 On-link 14 276 fe80::/64 On-link 15 276 fe80::/64 On-link 14 276 fe80::4c61:495b:229e:281e/128 On-link 12 261 fe80::c0e9:211a:fd05:4e0b/128 On-link 15 276 fe80::f996:61eb:8c00:45e6/128 On-link 13 281 fe80::fc39:9293:7d01:4a75/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 12 261 ff00::/8 On-link 13 281 ff00::/8 On-link 14 276 ff00::/8 On-link 15 276 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None

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PXE-E32 TFTP Open Timeout While Attempting to PXE Boot from Windows Deployment Services

- by bschafer

I'm running Windows Deployment Services on Windows Server 2008 R2 on top of an ESX 4.0 box. This is the only function of this VM instance, although it had previously functioned as an AD Domain Controller. My DHCP server is running on our primary Domain Controller, which is also Server 2008 R2, but running on metal. Everything was working perfectly until we recently had our backup generator fail during a power outage, causing all of our servers and networking equipment to lose power for a period of time. When we brought all of our equipment back up, everything was working as expected except for WDS. Our network is split up into several different vlans. Now, depending on which vlan the client computer is on, it's behaving differently when attempting to PXE boot into WDS. Our servers are located on the 10.55.x.x vlan, which, due to the nature of it, has no DHCP server active in it. The first computer we plugged in happened to be in the 10.99.x.x vlan, which is supposed to be reserved for network management devices (i.e. switches), but we've been using it occasionally otherwise. That computer gave us PXE-E11 ARP Timeout errors. When we moved to a different computer on the 10.19.x.x vlan (for general purpose use), it finally gets an IP from DHCP, but it presents us with a very stumping PXE-E32 TFTP Open Timeout error. Before the power outage, it didn't matter which vlan a device was on; it would PXE boot and image just fine. I've made no changes to anything server-side. Everything is configured exactly the same way it was on my WDS and DHCP servers as before the power outage. I've tried several different computers, including different models. All of this, combined with the quirky behavior depending on the vlan, makes me think something went wrong in one or more of our switches, probably because of the power outage. Unfortunately, I'm no network guy, and I know very little about how to configure our switches properly. Is this an issue with switches, etc? If so, how can I fix it? Is there some magical option I'm not aware of? Does anybody out there have any hunches? I've pretty much exhausted my ideas. Our main switch is an HP Procurve 5406. We also have 3x HP Procurve 4208 switches. The ESX Server is an HP ProLiant DL380 G6. The WDS VM is currently using the VMXNET3 network adaptor, but we've also tried the E1000 adaptor.

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Reserving an IP with Netgear router from Time Warner

- by Sergio Oliveira Jr.

I tried everything but keep getting the following error: "Duplicated MAC address". Nothing is duplicated. I disconnected the PC that I would like to assign the IP. Basically this is important as I will configure some port forwarding and my notebook must always get the same IP from DHCP. This is called DHCP reservation but apparently is not working on this router. Has anyone being luck to have this working? The model is CG814WG and you have to click on LAN IP under web administration, -Sergio

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Confusion on networking service start/stop in Ubuntu

- by Daniel Ball

I'm preparing to move and took down two of my servers, leaving only one with some essential services running. What I neglected to consider was that one was the DHCP server(which I realized when somebody contacted me saying they couldn't connect. Whups). So because I only have a few hosts on this small network, I opted to just statically configure them for now. One of these is a new Ubuntu 11.04 server, where I have very little experience. I edited /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/hosts to reflect my changes. I ran $sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop *deconfiguring network interfaces ... So yay. Then I try to start, it gives me the mumbo jumbo about using services (why didn't it do that for the stop?) So instead I run ... $sudo service networking start networking stop/waiting Now, to me that says the status of the service is stopped. But when I ping another computer, I get a successful reply. So is it not actually stopped? More importantly, am I doing something wrong? Edit daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking stop stop: Unknown instance: daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking start networking stop/waiting daniel@FOOBAR:~$ sudo service networking status networking stop/waiting So you can see why I ran /etc/init.d/networking stop instead. For some reason upstart (that is what "services" is, right?) isn't working with stop. cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 FOOBAR 198.3.9.2 FOOBAR #Added entry July 19 2011 # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface #auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp # hostname FOOBAR auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 198.3.9.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 198.3.9.0 broadcast 198.3.9.255 gateway 198.3.9.15 No I didn't save backups, it was just a minor change so I just commented out the old DHCP setting. Edit I set everything back to original settings and set up a DHCP server. "starting" networking does the same thing. I can only assume this is normal, I just don't know WHY. It can't be anything to do with the configuration files, since they've been restored.

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Backtrack 4 internet problem/vmware tools

- by Meiko

Hi i recently installed "Backtrack 4" on my vmware workstation 6.5 and it wont install the vmware tools, and will neither let me drag and drop files into backtrack 4. My network connection says that dhcp is not enabled, but i went over to my reuter and checked and the dhcp was online (using Dir-300 from D-Link)

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wireless router on LAN

- by Scott

Hi, Can I put a wireless router (for a laptop to talk to) which is configured to use DHCP on our work LAN ? I just need the laptop to be able to talk to the internet. Will it automatically get the gateway information when it is assigned an IP via DHCP ? Thanks Scott

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Trouble joining Windows Server 2008 to Domain

- by Jim R

When I try to join my new server to my existing domain I get the following error: "An attempt to resolve the DNS name of a DC in the domain being joined has failed. Please verify this client is configured to reach a DNS server that can resove DNS names in the target domain." I have tried all of the following already: Successfully pinged the domain controller. Ping the new server from the domain controller by IP address and by DNS name. Ping the DC server from the new server by IP address and by DNS name. Changed the network to DHCP (it was originally static). No joy as static or DHCP. Turned off all firewall settings. Added the domain name to 'hosts' file. Added the server name of the primary domain controller to the 'hosts' file in the new server. Any ideas? Thanks in advance for any help! Jim Update: With help from J. Brian Kelly (Thanks) I have managed to narrow down the problem to a DNS issue. Specifically, UDP/53 packets are being sent (they are seen in Network Monitor), but are not getting to the DNS server. But, I do not yet know why. Update: The quested output from IPCONFIG for the HyperV host and the virtual machine. IPCONFIG from HyperV Server Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : HYPER Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : sfi-wfc.com Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : sfi-wfc.com Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 4: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Primary Network Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-30-48-CA-CC-7A DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::cd16:3ac2:3d4f:e275%679(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.1(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.10 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : -1476382648 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-12-10-20-E9-00-30-48-CA-CC-7A DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.5 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 3: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : sfi Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) 82576 Gigabit Dual Port Network Connection #2 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-30-48-CA-CC-7B DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPCONFIG from Virtual Machine Windows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : DB Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No DNS Suffix Search List. . . . . . : sfi Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection 2: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : sfi Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Microsoft Virtual Machine Bus Network Adapter Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-15-5D-66-03-02 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.128(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, August 29, 2009 10:44:45 AM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Tuesday, September 01, 2009 3:08:33 PM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.10 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.5 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.102.5 Primary WINS Server . . . . . . . : 192.168.100.5 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 8: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : sfi Description . . . . . . . . . . . : isatap.sfi Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-E0 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Tunnel adapter Local Area Connection* 9: Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 02-00-54-55-4E-01 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes

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How to set WINS through GPO?

- by Robert

I'm looking to set our WINS servers via GPO, is that possible? We have 2 SSID which our clients can connect to (one which connects to a DHCP we control, the other to a different DHCP we don't - each with their own WINS). We do a lot of mapping via DFS so that's why we need our wins servers. Help?

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what's the hostname/domain when installing freebsd

- by Omu

I am trying to install FreeBSD using vmware workstation I get to a screen where I have to configure the DHCP (some values are set automatically cuz I've set to configure DHCP auto in options) but the hostname is empty and domainname is .localdomain, what values should I write in there

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