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• What does a linux device need to be seen by Hal?

  - by Jaime Soriano

  I'm trying to learn about device drivers on Linux Kernel, for that I've created three modules with: A bus type A device driver A fake device that does nothing now, only is registered Everything works fine, I can load the bus, the driver and the module that creates the device. Everything appears on sysfs, including the link between the device and the device driver that indicates that they are binded. And when the driver and device are loaded, I can see using udevadm monitor that also some events are provoked: KERNEL[1275564332.144997] add /module/bustest_driver (module) KERNEL[1275564332.145289] add /bus/bustest/drivers/bustest_example (drivers) UDEV [1275564332.157428] add /module/bustest_driver (module) UDEV [1275564332.157483] add /bus/bustest/drivers/bustest_example (drivers) KERNEL[1275564337.656650] add /module/bustest_device (module) KERNEL[1275564337.656817] add /devices/bustest_device (bustest) UDEV [1275564337.658294] add /module/bustest_device (module) UDEV [1275564337.664707] add /devices/bustest_device (bustest) But after everything, the device doesn't appear on hal. What else need a device to be seen by hal?

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• Hanging on "Scanning for Harddisk partitions and creating /etc/fstab" when trying to install Damn Sm

  - by 7777

  Following a suggestion made before, I'm trying to use UNetbootin to install Damn Small Linux on a Windows computer. I'd like to reformat the entire HD and install Linux on it. I installed UNetbootin on Windows, set it for a frugal install on the HD, rebooted, started it up in UNetbootin. It seemed to be working ok. However, the installation keeps hanging on "Scanning for Harddisk partitions and creating /etc/fstab". What might be the problem?

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• Linux: modpost does not build anything

  - by waffleman

  I am having problems getting any kernel modules to build on my machine. Whenever I build a module, modpost always says there are zero modules: MODPOST 0 modules To troubleshoot the problem, I wrote a test module (hello.c): #include <linux/module.h> /* Needed by all modules */ #include <linux/kernel.h> /* Needed for KERN_INFO */ #include <linux/init.h> /* Needed for the macros */ static int __init hello_start(void) { printk(KERN_INFO "Loading hello module...\n"); printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world\n"); return 0; } static void __exit hello_end(void) { printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye Mr.\n"); } module_init(hello_start); module_exit(hello_end); Here is the Makefile for the module: obj-m = hello.o KVERSION = $(shell uname -r) all: make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERSION)/build M=$(shell pwd) modules clean: make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERSION)/build M=$(shell pwd) clean When I build it on my machine, I get the following output: make -C /lib/modules/2.6.32-27-generic/build M=/home/waffleman/tmp/mod-test modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.32-27-generic' CC [M] /home/waffleman/tmp/mod-test/hello.o Building modules, stage 2. MODPOST 0 modules make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.32-27-generic' When I make the module on another machine, it is successful: make -C /lib/modules/2.6.24-27-generic/build M=/home/somedude/tmp/mod-test modules make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.24-27-generic' CC [M] /home/somedude/tmp/mod-test/hello.o Building modules, stage 2. MODPOST 1 modules CC /home/somedude/tmp/mod-test/hello.mod.o LD [M] /home/somedude/tmp/mod-test/hello.ko make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.24-27-generic' I looked for any relevant documentation about modpost, but found little. Anyone know how modpost decides what to build? Is there an environment that I am possibly missing? BTW here is what I am running: uname -a Linux waffleman-desktop 2.6.32-27-generic #49-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 1 23:52:12 UTC 2010 i686 GNU/Linux

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• What does it mean when ARP shows <incomplete> on eth1

  - by Geoff Dalgas

  We have been using HAProxy along with heartbeat from the Linux-HA project. We are using two linux instances to provide a failover. Each server has with their own public IP and a single IP which is shared between the two using a virtual interface (eth1:1) at IP: 69.59.196.211 The virtual interface (eth1:1) IP 69.59.196.211 is configured as the gateway for the windows servers behind them and we use ip_forwarding to route traffic. We are experiencing an occasional network outage on one of our windows servers behind our linux gateways. HAProxy will detect the server is offline which we can verify by remoting to the failed server and attempting to ping the gateway: Pinging 69.59.196.211 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 69.59.196.220: Destination host unreachable. Running arp -a on this failed server shows that there is no entry for the gateway address (69.59.196.211): Interface: 69.59.196.220 --- 0xa Internet Address Physical Address Type 69.59.196.161 00-26-88-63-c7-80 dynamic 69.59.196.210 00-15-5d-0a-3e-0e dynamic 69.59.196.212 00-21-5e-4d-45-c9 dynamic 69.59.196.213 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.215 00-21-5e-4d-61-1a dynamic 69.59.196.217 00-21-5e-4d-2c-e8 dynamic 69.59.196.219 00-21-5e-4d-38-e5 dynamic 69.59.196.221 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.222 00-15-5d-0a-3e-09 dynamic 69.59.196.223 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 225.0.0.1 01-00-5e-00-00-01 static On our linux gateway instances arp -a shows: peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at <incomplete> on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-222.peak.org (69.59.196.222) at 00:15:5d:0a:3e:09 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 Why would arp occasionally set the entry for this failed server as <incomplete>? Should we be defining our arp entries statically? I've always left arp alone since it works 99% of the time, but in this one instance it appears to be failing. Are there any additional troubleshooting steps we can take help resolve this issue? THINGS WE HAVE TRIED I added a static arp entry for testing on one of the linux gateways which still didn't help. root@haproxy2:~# arp -a peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-221.peak.org (69.59.196.221) at 00:15:5d:00:b2:0d [ether] on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d [ether] PERM on eth1 root@haproxy2:~# arp -i eth1 -s 69.59.196.220 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d root@haproxy2:~# ping 69.59.196.220 PING 69.59.196.220 (69.59.196.220) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 69.59.196.220 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6006ms Rebooting the windows web server solves this issue temporarily with no other changes to the network but our experience shows this issue will come back. Swapping network cards and switches I noticed the link light on the port of the switch for the failed windows server was running at 100Mb instead of 1Gb on the failed interface. I moved the cable to several other open ports and the link indicated 100Mb for each port that I tried. I also swapped the cable with the same result. I tried changing the properties of the network card in windows and the server locked up and required a hard reset after clicking apply. This windows server has two physical network interfaces so I have swapped the cables and network settings on the two interfaces to see if the problem follows the interface. If the public interface goes down again we will know that it is not an issue with the network card. (We also tried another switch we have on hand, no change) Changing network hardware driver versions We've had the same problem with the latest Broadcom driver, as well as the built-in driver that ships in Windows Server 2008 R2. Replacing network cables As a last ditch effort we remembered another change that occurred was the replacement of all of the patch cords between our servers / switch. We had purchased two sets, one green of lengths 1ft - 3ft for the private interfaces and another set of red cables for the public interfaces. We swapped out all of the public interface patch cables with a different brand and ran our servers without issue for a full week ... aaaaaand then the problem recurred. Disable checksum offload, remove TProxy We also tried disabling TCP/IP checksum offload in the driver, no change. We're now pulling out TProxy and moving to a more traditional x-forwarded-for network arrangement without any fancy IP address rewriting. We'll see if that helps.

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• Announcing: Oracle Database 11g R2 Certification on Oracle Linux 6

  - by Monica Kumar

  Oracle Announces the Certification of the Oracle Database on Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Yesterday we announced the certification of Oracle Database 11g R2 with Oracle Linux 6 and Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. Here are the key highlights: Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (R2) and Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g Release 1 (R1) are immediately available on Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel. Oracle Database 11g R2 and Oracle Fusion Middleware 11g R1 will be available on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (RHEL6) and Oracle Linux 6 with the Red Hat Compatible Kernel in 90 days. Oracle offers direct Linux support to customers running RHEL6, Oracle Linux 6, or a combination of both. Oracle Linux will continue to maintain compatibility with Red Hat Linux. Read the full press release. 

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• Why is the installation of certain programs always such a pain in Linux [closed]

  - by Saif Bechan

  I am new to Linux and I am trying to set up a server. For this I sometimes to need to install special software, but the installation of this is always such a pain. For example I wanted to try the htscanner to see if it did the job for me. When i got to the page there is NO INSTALLATION guide. I had to search for the right one on google. Even on google its a pain to find the right method. Just try it - google search.After a long search and tried different things I finally found out that I had te install some more software before it will work. The website says that the version I used did not had any dependencies. Thats a lie. Release0.8.1: No dependencies registered. You do need certain things for it to work. After managing to set it up it still didn't work I can't figure out why because there is no official guide on the website. So I wanted to just uninstall it and find a better solution. Uninstalling. Uninstalling something in Linux is a real mystery how this actually works. The best answer I got is to manually look for the files and delete them. Whats up with that! There is never something said about uninstalling on the websites. Even on the website of CentOS itself it tels you how to install something like rpmforge packages (it's a miracle they tell you and not have to google it) but there is no mention of what to do when you want to uninstall. Why not? The forums you get on when trying to solve your problem are most of the time in plain text, and you have to scroll trough huge error logs before you see somethings that vaguely resembles your question if you are lucky. The Question My question is if there are any recommended websites / forums that explain the basic concepts of installing and uninstalling software on Linux. And explain other useful operations. And not Wikipedia or the first hits of Google, I have been there already. I am looking for some easy to read trough guides on these operations on Linux. I have been on a lot of websites that explain some Linux operation, but I bet its easier to get a degree in rocket science than to read trough the website and understand what they try to say.

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• Oracle E-Business Suite 12 Certified on Additional Linux Platforms

  - by John Abraham

  As a follow up to our original certification announcement regarding Oracle Linux 6, Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 (12.1.1 and higher) is now certified on the following additional Linux x86/x86-64 operating systems: Oracle Linux 6 (32-bit) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (32-bit) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (64-bit) Novell SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) version 11 (64-bit) New installations of the E-Business Suite on these operating systems require version 12.1.1 of the Release 12 media.  Cloning of existing 12.1 Linux environments to this new OS is also certified using the standard Rapid Clone process. There are specific requirements to upgrade technology components such as the Oracle Database (to 11gR2) and Fusion Middleware as necessary. These and other requirements are noted in the Installation and Upgrade Notes (IUN) below. References Oracle E-Business Suite Installation and Upgrade Notes Release 12 (12.1.1) for Linux x86-64 (My Oracle Support Document 761566.1) Oracle E-Business Suite Installation and Upgrade Notes Release 12 (12.1.1) for Linux x86 (My Oracle Support Document 761564.1) Cloning Oracle Applications Release 12 with Rapid Clone (My Oracle Support Document 406982.1) Interoperability Notes Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0) (My Oracle Support Document 1058763.1) Oracle Linux website

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• Oracle Linux 6.3 has been released

  - by Lenz Grimmer

  We're happy to announce the availability of Oracle Linux 6.3, the third update release for Oracle Linux 6. ISO images can now be obtained from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud, the individual RPM packages have already been published from our public yum repository. This distribution now includes the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39-200), Oracle's recommended kernel version for Oracle Linux. For further details, please see the Oracle Linux 6.3 Release Notes. Remember, Oracle Linux can be downloaded, used and distributed free of charge, updates and errata are freely available. For support, you are free to decide for which of your systems you want to obtain a support subscription, and at which level each of  them should be supported. This makes Oracle Linux an ideal choice for both your development and production systems - you decide which support coverage is the best for each of your systems individually, while keeping all of them up-to-date and secure. Wim Coekaerts recently wrote several blog posts about the benefits of Oracle Linux, which are worth a read: Oracle Linux components More Oracle Linux options My own personal use of Oracle Linux

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• How to get rid of multiple linux versions in grub boot menu

  - by Silver Light

  I've been using dual boot on my PC for some time now, to use Ubuntu along side with Windows 7. One very disturbing thing happens, when Ubuntu linux core gets updated (this happens once in a while). They are added as options to the grub menu so, my boot menu now looks like this: Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-27 generic Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-27 generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-25 generic Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-25 generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-24 generic Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-24 generic (recovery mode) Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-22 generic Ubuntu, with linux 2.6.35-22 generic (recovery mode) Memory test Windows 7 This gets very annoying, because I want to load windows by default, but after every update it shifts down and I have to go to grub config and change the default option. My question: How to get rid of older versions of linux in the grub menu and leave only the newest one?

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• IBM HS23 Blade Server (7875) onboard NIC driver for linux

  - by Igor Spivak

  I work with IBM HS23 Blade Server (7875). It's onboard NIC adapter is: Emulex OCl11104-F-X Virtual Fabric Adapter 2-port 10GB and 2-port 1GB LOM . I'm tryed to the following Linux OS with the server: 2.6.32-22-generic-pae #36-Ubuntu SMP. and discovered my OS has not proper Network drive installed (for the NIC adapter described above). After investigation I made, I discovered that the driver I need is "be2net" placed in "net" directory of the linux under the folder "be2net". I managed to download this driver with the latest package for my kernel. Driver info ("modinfo be2net" result) is as follows: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- filename: /lib/modules/2.6.32-22-generic-pae/kernel/drivers/net/benet/be2net.ko license: GPL author: ServerEngines Corporation description: ServerEngines BladeEngine2 10Gbps NICDriver 2.101.205 version: 2.101.205 srcversion: 199ADD251CB874C3727CC47 alias: pci:v000019A2d00000710sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000019A2d00000701sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000019A2d00000700sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000019A2d00000221sv*sd*bc*sc*i* alias: pci:v000019A2d00000211sv*sd*bc*sc*i* depends: vermagic: 2.6.32-22-generic-pae SMP mod_unload modversions 586TSC parm: rx_frag_size:Size of a fragment that holds rcvd data. (uint) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After starting linux, I get the following error: be2net 0000:16:00.x: Emulex OneConnect 10Gbps NIC (be3) initilization failed. I checked the same server with another Linux version (Red-Had 5.5.1.0) and the NICs worked properly, so seems there is no problem in HW. Also, on IBM or Emulex offical sites I managed to find drivers only for Red-Had and SUSE versions.

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• Recommended motherboard with hardware raid for Linux

  - by luison

  Hi. We want to setup an internal office server for testing jobs (LAMP), email and samba. Only about 5-10 users. We are also considering starting to virtualize, initially by a base Ubuntu Server with Xen or VMWare Open Source server. Our current system runs with a Linux Raid which has worked great but it's always been complicated to recover the boot sector when one the drives fail and therefore I would prefer using now a hardware raid instead, but ideally with some kind of software monitoring. For this reason and considering we don't want to spend a fortune a I would appreciate any comments on the following options. Motherboard with RAID with linux support... which could you recommend. Motherboard + Hardware Raid card... Adaptec does not seem to have great Linux suppport. 3Ware seems to have a tc soft controller which we've used on a hosting company, but hard to find here in Spain. HP Proliant type basic server, which? Dell Small Servers... any good for Linux? Thanks in advance for any feedback.

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• Install Linux Mint on PC without bootable CD

  - by crosenblum

  Unfortunately my PC's CD drive is not bootable; I have such a mixture of SATA and IDE drives, so until I have more money to redo my controller setup, I can't boot from any cd. Currently, I have a DVD burned with latest version of Linux Mint, and I have an USB drive with an old version of Mint. I have a partition ready to install Linx Mint into, but no idea how to install it, since I can only boot to my hard drive. I am totally unable to boot to CD, so that is definitely out. My main partition is WinXP Pro SP3. Is there software I can use to format my Linux partition, so that I can then just copy Mint over to that partition? Or is there a better way to install linux mint? I have to do it within Windows XP, since that's all that I can boot right now. I have considered Mint4Win, but that doesn't allow a full installation of Linux Mint. Any ideas?

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• Ensuring a repeatable directory ordering in linux

  - by Paul Biggar

  I run a hosted continuous integration company, and we run our customers' code on Linux. Each time we run the code, we run it in a separate virtual machine. A frequent problem that arises is that a customer's tests will sometimes fail because of the directory ordering of their code checked out on the VM. Let me go into more detail. On OSX, the HFS+ file system ensures that directories are always traversed in the same order. Programmers who use OSX assume that if it works on their machine, it must work everywhere. But it often doesn't work on Linux, because linux file systems do not offer ordering guarantees when traversing directories. As an example, consider there are 2 files, a.rb, b.rb. a.rb defines MyObject, and b.rb uses MyObject. If a.rb is loaded first, everything will work. If b.rb is loaded first, it will try to access an undefined variable MyObject, and fail. But worse than this, is that it doesn't always just fail. Because the file system ordering on Linux is not ordered, it will be a different order on different machines. This is worse because sometimes the tests pass, and sometimes they fail. This is the worst possible result. So my question is, is there a way to make file system ordering repeatable. Some flag to ext4 perhaps, that says it will always traverse directories in some order? Or maybe a different file system that has this guarantee?

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• How can I bridge a VM to a remote network?

  - by asciiphil

  I have a system running QEMU/KVM (via libvirt). One of its VMs needs to have a presence on a subnet that is not local to the VM host. I have a Linux system on the remote subnet. Is there a way to set up some sort of tunneled bridge to cause the VM to appear present on the remote system? This will be a temporary situation (hopefully just until the VM owner can configure their system) and network performance and long-term maintainability aren't really issues. To give some more concrete information: My VM host has IP address 192.168.54.155/24. The VM has IP address 192.168.65.71/24. I have a remote system at 192.168.65.254/24. Both the VM host and remote system are running Scientific Linux 6.5. I do not control the network or routing in between the VM host and remote system. I do not have access to the guest OS on the VM. I would like traffic to the VM's IP address to end up at the VM even though its host isn't directly connected to the appropriate network. I've tried using iproute2's tunnelling, but Linux won't let me add a tunnel to a bridge. I've considered using some sort of iptables mangling to route traffic over the tunnel and make the VM think it's on the right network, but I'm not sure whether there are better approaches. What's the best way to accomplish this hack?

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• Router reconfigures PC's and they can no longer access the internet via hardwired connection to DSL Modem

  - by zchads

  Router reconfigures PC's and they can no longer access the internet via hardwired connection to DSL Modem. Hardware Information: Buffalo Wireless Router/access point, Model: WZR-HP-G300NH-AP DSL Modem: Generic (actually not sure of manufacture). Service Provider: TOT (Thailand) Laptop-1: Windows XP and Belkin PCMIA Network Card Laptop-2: Windows XP unknown network card & Wifi Laptop-3: Windows 7 unknown network card & Wifi Outline of Problem/actions taken: After a recent power failure the router and laptop-1 connected to router were no longer able to access the internet. Actions taken to try and recover internet access: Using Laptop-1 tried to configure Router with PPPoe settings using software from Router Manufacture. During the installation process a Timeout error was experienced, unable to connect to WAN. Used Internet Explorer to communicate directly with Router using IP address. Changed settings to use PPPoe settings given by ISP. Router was not able to communicate with Internet. Repeated steps 1-4 again with no success. Reset Router and DSL modem. Repeated steps 1-4 again still no success. Tried connecting Laptop-1 directly to DSL to gain access to internet to research problem. No Network connection with DSL could be established…connection would be established for a second and then be lost and didn’t appear long enough to actually connect to DSL. Replugged LAN back into Router and connection was regained with laptop-1. Replugged Laptop-1 directly into DSL and again unable to establish network connection. Uninstalled network card and all of its drivers on Laptop-1. Reinstalled network card and drivers and tried connecting directly to DSL. Still unable to make network connection. Plugged DSL into Laptop-3 and Internet connection was established. Being Laptop-3 does not have a CD-Rom, Laptop-2 was tried to connect to the router. With Laptop-2 steps 1-7 ended up being repeated without success. Tried plugging Laptop-2 directly into DSL and again no network connection could be established. Using Laptop-3 with a direct connection to DSL downloaded latest Router FW. Installed router FW using Laptop-1. Tired the installation process again without success. Being desperate reinstalled OS on Laptop-1 still not success. Tried using “ipconfig” with router to see what was going on without success. With laptop-1 connected to DSL went through the “ipconfig /…” inputs to see if anything made a difference. Being the network card was not able to make a connection this provide very little information “media disconnected”. So now I have a router and two laptops which are unable to connect to the internet and sure could use some advice/help.

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• Picking a linux compatible motherboard

  - by Chris

  Last time I bought a new computer (I build them myself) I got a motherboard that had really poor linux support for a long time. Specifically the audio. I had to wait months before the kernel supported the on board audio chipset. That is exactly the situation I'm trying to avoid this time around. I have some specific questions about "server motherboards" actually. I looked at a few models of server motherboards by intel, and some random models on newegg. I wasn't able to see much of a difference from regular desktop motherboard other than most had two sockets, and support for much more ram. These boards seem more popular with Linux users. Why? AMD and Intel both have server CPUs as well. Some question, what's the difference? To make this question more concrete, I was looking at this this motherboard. The main questions about it that I can't answer are: Can I get a motherboard without on board raid and audio? I wanted to get a hardware raid controller and a PCI audio card. I thought a server motherboard would be cheaper and not have these "extras", since who wants an audio card on a server? Where can I found out about Linux support for the components on this board? "Intel ICH10R", "Realtek ALC889", "Marvell 88E8056" I'm buying this computer to work as a Linux desktop for a lot of compiling, coding and audio/video work, but I don't want to rule out the possibility of installing windows and playing some games at one point. (even if the last game I got has been sitting in its box unopened for almost a year). Is it a good idea to buy a "server motherboard" and play games on it, or are desktop boards better value for this? The ultimate solution for me would be a motherboard that had GPL divers for onboard LAN, a single CPU socket, lots of PCI express and PCI. USB 3.0, and no fancy hard disk controllers since I'll be getting a separate one.

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• Iptables Forwarding problem

  - by ankit

  Hi all, I had initally asked question about sertting up my linux box for natting for my home network and was given suggestions in the thread here. Did not want to clutter the old question so starting a new one here. based on the earlier suggestions, i have come up with the following rules ... :PREROUTING ACCEPT [1:48] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:860] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [3:228] -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT DROP [3:228] :FORWARD DROP [0:0] :OUTPUT DROP [0:0] -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -i eth1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A OUTPUT -j ACCEPT COMMIT If you notice, i do have the proper MASQURADING rule and the proper FORWARD filter rule as well. However i am facing 2 problems On the linux box itself DNS resolving is not working the lan clients connected to the linux box, are still not able to get to internet. when i ping something from them, i see the DROP count in iptables INPUT rule increasing. now my question is, when i am pinging something from the lan client, how come it is being matched by the input chain ?! should it be in the forward chain ? Chain INPUT (policy DROP 20 packets, 2314 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 99 9891 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 122 9092 ACCEPT tcp -- eth0 any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh Thanks ankit

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• Performance monitoring on Linux/Unix

  - by ervingsb

  I run a few Windows servers and (Debian and Ubuntu) Linux and AIX servers. I would like to continously monitor performance on these systems in order to easily identify bottlenecks as well as to have an overview of the general activity on the servers. On Windows, I use Windows Performance Monitor (perfmon) for this. I set up these counters: For bottlenecks: Processor utilization : System\Processor Queue Length Memory utilization : Memory\Pages Input/Sec Disk Utilization : PhysicalDisk\Current Disk Queue Length\driveletter Network problems: Network Interface\Output Queue Length\nic name For general activity: Processor utilization : Processor\% Processor Time_Total Memory utilization : Process\Working Set_Total (or per specific process) Memory utilization : Memory\Available MBytes Disk Utilization : PhysicalDisk\Bytes/sec_Total (or per process) Network Utilization : Network Interface\Bytes Total/Sec\nic name (More information on the choice of these counters on: http://itcookbook.net/blog/windows-perfmon-top-ten-counters ) This works really well. It allows me to look in one place and identify most common bottlenecks. So my question is, how can I do something equivalent (or just very similar) on Linux servers? I have looked a bit on nmon (http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-analyze_aix/) which is a free performance monitoring tool developed for AIX but also availble for Linux. However, I am not sure if nmon allows me to set up the above counters. Maybe it is because Linux and AIX does not allow monitoring these exact same measures. Is so, which ones should I choose and why? If nmon is not the tool to use for this, then what do you recommend?

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• picking a linux compatable motherboard

  - by Chris

  Last time I bought a new computer (I build them myself) I got a motherboard that had really poor linux support for a long time. Specifically the audio. I had to wait months before the kernel supported the on board audio chipset. That is exactly the situation I'm trying to avoid this time around. I have some specific questions about "server motherboards" actually. I looked at a few models of server motherboards by intel, and some random models on newegg. I wasn't able to see much of a difference from regular desktop motherboard other than most had two sockets, and support for much more ram. These boards seem more popular with Linux users. Why? AMD and Intel both have server CPUs as well. Some question, what's the difference? To make this question more concrete, I was looking at this this motherboard. The main questions about it that I can't answer are: Can I get a motherboard without on board raid and audio? I wanted to get a hardware raid controller and a PCI audio card. I thought a server motherboard would be cheaper and not have these "extras", since who wants an audio card on a server? Where can I found out about Linux support for the components on this board? "Intel ICH10R", "Realtek ALC889", "Marvell 88E8056" I'm buying this computer to work as a Linux desktop for a lot of compiling, coding and audio/video work, but I don't want to rule out the possibility of installing windows and playing some games at one point. (even if the last game I got has been sitting in its box unopened for almost a year). Is it a good idea to buy a "server motherboard" and play games on it, or are desktop boards better value for this? The ultimate solution for me would be a motherboard that had GPL divers for onboard LAN, a single CPU socket, lots of PCI express and PCI. USB 3.0, and no fancy hard disk controllers since I'll be getting a separate one.

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• Setting up a Network Bridge on Linux VM (Windows 7 Host)

  - by GrandAdmiral

  I would like to use NetEm to simulate a low bandwidth environment while testing an Internet-connected device. My plan is to setup a bridge in a Linux VM (Linux Mint 13) on a Windows 7 host. Unfortunately I'm having trouble setting up the bridge. Then I can use NetEm in the Linux VM to limit the bandwidth to an external device. I went with the following script: ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 promisc up ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 promisc up Then create the bridge and bring it up: brctl addbr br0 brctl setfd br0 0 brctl addif br0 eth0 brctl addif br0 eth1 dhclient br0 ifconfig br0 up When I run that script, I see the following warning: Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8) utility, e.g. service smbd reload Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an Upstart job, you may also use the reload(8) utility, e.g. reload smbd The device connecting to the bridge is able to obtain an IP Address, but it can only ping the IP Address of the bridge (both are 10.2.32.xx). Then after a few minutes, other parts of our network go down. I'm not sure why, but once I kill the bridge the network is fine. Is it possible to setup a network bridge in a Linux VM? Do I need to do something else with the dhclient br0 part of the script? By the way, I'm using VirtualBox. The wired connection is eth0 and the wireless connection is eth1. The wired connection is connecting to the device and the wireless connection is going to the network. Both adapters are set up as bridged adapters with promiscuous mode set to "allow all".

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• Get Illegal Instruction error when booting Linux in VirtualBox, works fine when booted directly

  - by rkjnsn

  I have a computer on which I am dual booting Windows 7 and Gentoo Linux (both 64-bit). I want to be able to load up my Linux installation in a VM while I am booted into Windows. I have installed VirtualBox and followed the instructions for creating a raw disk VMDK. When I start the VM, Linux starts booting, but then fails with the following error when unlocking my root partition: truecrypt[441] trap invalid opcode ip:373615538e0 sp:3dd0e0dfb60 error:0 in libpixman-1.so.0[373614d6000+8d000] Everything works fine when I boot into Linux directly. What could cause an illegal instruction to be hit in libpixman only when booting in VirtualBox? Update: As a troubleshooting step, I recompiled pixman without "-march", and no longer get an illegal instruction error in that library. (The boot fails in the same spot with the same error in a different library, however.) How can I determine the specific opcode that isn't working in VirtualBox so I can disable it in my CFLAGS without having to disable all CPU-specific optimizations? I am still confused as to why there would be any user-mode instruction that would fail to work in a VM. Is this a known limitation? My CPU is an Intel Core i7 3720QM, and I have hardware virtualization support enabled.

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• Why do hosts prefer Linux to Windows Server?

  - by iconiK

  So far I see a HUGE majority of hosts provide only Linux shared hosting, providing Windows only to VPS (or even to only dedicated servers). Why is it so? While Windows is a lot more expensive than Linux (though it depends on a lot of factors, not just initial and support license cost), it also provides ASP.NET, IIS and of course, Microsoft SQL Server. I know in the past it might have been because of cPanel being Linux only but now they have a Windows version. But still, why is Linux predominantly used on shared hosting? PHP works on both systems. IIS can be (and probably is) faster. MySQL runs on both systems as well. cPanel has a Windows version. Python, Perl, Ruby, all run on Windows as well. You even have MS SQL Server Express, which I find more superior than MySQL in both speed and features. Access is there for low usage requirements, as is SQLite (which is so great for quick small stuff). And with PowerShell you have a good alternative to the Unix shell. EDIT: I am looking for common reasons, I realize each hosting company (and/or it's clients) may have different needs. This becomes very important when you get to VPS or Cloud which give you a full operating system to use.

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• Routing table on Linux not respected

  - by MRHaarmann

  I have a very specific problem, building a Linux VPN endpoint (with external VPN Gateway), which should route certain networks over the tunnel, others via default gateway. The Linux VPN should do a NAT on the outgoing connections for the VPN peers. Setup is as following: Internet gateway LAN 192.168.25.1/24 VPN Gateway LAN 10.45.99.2/24 (VPN tunnel 10.45.99.1 to net 87.115.17.40/29, separate connection to Internet) Linux VPN Router eth0 192.168.25.71/24 eth0:503 10.45.99.1/24 Default 192.168.25.1 route to 87.115.17.40/29 via 10.45.99.2 (send_redirects disabled, ip_forward enabled) Linux clients (multiple): eth0 192.168.25.x/24 Default 192.168.25.1 route to 87.115.17.40/29 via 192.168.25.71 Ping to the machines via tunnel from the VPN Router is working. Now I want to establish a routing from my clients over the VPN gateway and the client packet gets routed to 192.168.25.1 ! traceroute output shows the packets get routed to 192.168.25.71, but then to 192.168.25.1. So the route is not respected in forward ! IPTables and Routing: ip route show 87.115.17.40/29 via 10.45.99.2 dev eth0 10.45.99.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 10.45.99.1 192.168.25.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.25.71 default via 192.168.25.1 dev eth0 iptables -A INPUT -i eth0:503 -j REJECT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0:503 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0:503 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -s 192.168.25.0/24 -o eth0:503 -j ACCEPT So what is wrong with my setup ? The route is chosen correctly from localhost, but all the clients get forwarded to the Internet GW. thanks for helping, Marcus

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• Linux usd disk just create sg device

  - by MTilsted

  I have a Corsair R60 ssd disk which is a disk with both sata and usb connectors. But the usb thing seems to be a bit non-standard, or maybe its just my fedora linux. When I insert the disk using a usb cabel to a running Fedora 14 linux system, a device called /dev/sg3 is added but that is all. No new /dev/sd* device is created so I can't mount the disk. If I look at cat /proc/scsi/sg/device_strs I get ATA Hitachi HTS54321 FB2O HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-T50N RP05 Seagate Desktop 0130 Corsair CSSD-R60GB2 So the disk is there. (The last entry) but my linux will for some reason not see it as a usb hard disk. When I insert other usb disks they work fine. It is only this specific disk which causes problems. I have tried on 3 different computers with the same result. A hint to the problem may be that if I add the disk to a windows system(With usb) the disk is called "A fixed disk" and not a portable disk as expected. The disk works fine with linux If i connect it with the sata cabel, but I would really like to have it working with usb too. (To mount it on computers without sata).

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• Linux virtualization choices with graphic acceleration / video card support

  - by Urbn

  I am in the process of building a new desktop machine for work and fun. I am looking to run a undecided flavor of Linux (guessing Ubuntu) as my primary OS and several Windows installs with a Windows 7 install for .net development and gaming as virtualized environments. From my previous experiences with virtualization software in Linux I was never able to find an application that offered descent video card support / graphic acceleration etc. to be capable of playing any games within one of the virtualized environments. And since I will be investing quite a bit of money into this system for gaming I would naturally want to find the best option available to achieve this setup. So Onto my question: Is there any virtualization software available for Linux that has full video card support, graphic acceleration and capable of taking advantage of everything the video cards have to offer within the virtualized environments? Or am I stuck with running Windows 7 as my primary OS and using virtualization for Linux and the other OS's? Also I have no preference on open/closed source and price range would be up to $175.00 to support at least 3 virtualized environments.

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