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  • Ubuntu KVM Networking

    - by Guest
    I have two VMs ( linux based VM ) running on a UBUNTU/QEMU KVM. I am looking at a simple networking model, where in the VMs have public address and need to talk to the outside world and the outside world should be able to talk to the VMs as well. I did this Created a bridge with A.B.C.D/16 ( class B address ) eth2 is part of the brige with A.B.C.E /32 host address VM's interface ( through TAP ) has A.B.C.F / 16 address eth2 and VM interface are both part of the bridge. Now however, I am unable to ping these address from the outside world. If i remove eth2 from the bridge, I am able to ping the eth2. Please let me know what is going on. Guest

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  • Does Hyper-V support SCSI Pass-through discs in a Server 2003 R2 VM?

    - by Peter Bernier
    I'm running into some difficulties getting pass-through disks to be accessible to a Hyper-v server 2003 r2 virtual machine. Host OS : Server 2008 R2 full w/Hyper-V role Guest OS : Server 2003 R2 (Windows Home Server) The guest's OS disk is a pass-through disk on the IDE controller (not the best solution, but I can live with it). My storage disks will be pass-through disks on the SCSI controller. I'm able to see all of the disks that I'll be using for the VM on the host without issue. The problem that I'm having is that I can't seem to get the guest OS to be able to 'see' the storage drives (as pass-through disks on the SCSI controller). Here's what I'm doing : On the host, the storage drive is set to 'Offline' just like the OS disk (this is required for pass-through to work). In the VM, the storage drive is on the SCSI controller. Hyper-V Integration Tools are installed in guest. That's as far as I'm able to get. I don't see the drive in Computer Management, or in Windows Explorer (I've tried with an unformatted disk, as well as after formatting a partition). I am able to see a removable device that lists the disk's model number in the Guest, but I can't seem to access the storage. (I get an entry in Device Manager that needs drivers, but nothing on the Integration Tools disc works..) Trouble-shooting steps I've tried : If put the pass-through drive on the IDE controller, I can see it in the Guest. If put the storage drive 'Online' in the host and create a VHD on it on the SCSI controller, I can see it in the Guest. I suppose I could create a fixed-size VHD that consumes the entire disk, but I'd rather not have that overhead. I've also extracted the contents of the Integration Tools drivers (x86 and amd64) and tried pointing the disk controller to each of those, with no luck. Can anyone offer suggestions as to how I can get this to work properly?

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  • Debian: Should I add vlan interface into bridge for KVM?

    - by javano
    I am setting up a Debian Squeeze box as a KVM host. I want to add multiple interfaces to each KVM guest so I want them to be on different VLANs. After reading about this, I believe the best method is to add multiple logical VLAN (sub)-interfaces to the physical NICs and then create a bridge adapter for each VLAN interace, and assign each bridge as a NIC for KVM guests. Does this make good sense, or madness? Do I have to use bridged interfaces with KVM like this? Can't I just add eth1.xx and eth1.yy to my interfaces config below and then configure those directly as bridged KVM guest NICs? If so, how should this look in the interfaces config file below? user@host:~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces # This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # Management Interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 172.22.0.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 172.22.0.1 # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 # Guest1 : Use VLAN 117 auto eth1.117 iface eth1.117 inet manual # Set up br1 for guest 1, bridging with vlan 117 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports eth1.117 bridge_stp off user@host:~$ uname -a Linux hostname 3.4.9 #1 SMP Wed Aug 22 19:08:46 BST 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux UPDATE I would really like it if someone could clarify the config for me, as I have also seen the above configured with this syntax, so I don't see why one would be preferred over the other; # Interface for guest VMs auto eth1 allow-hotplug eth1 iface eth1 inet static # Vlan 117 for guest 1 auto vlan 117 iface vlan111 inet static vlan_raw_device eth1 # Guest 1 : NIC 1 auto br1.117 iface br1.117 inet manual bridge_ports vlan117 bridge_stp off

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  • How can I get VirtualBox to run at 1366x768?

    - by Joe White
    I'm trying to run Windows 8 in VirtualBox. My laptop's display is exactly 1366x768. Windows 8 disables some of its features if the resolution is less than 1366x768, so I need to run the guest OS fullscreen. The problem is, VirtualBox refuses to run the guest at 1366x768. When VirtualBox is "fullscreen", the guest is only 1360x768 -- six pixels too narrow. So there's a three-pixel black bar at the left and right sides of the display. This user had the same problem, but the accepted answer is "install the Guest Additions", which I've already done; that got me to 1360, but not to 1366. According to the VirtualBox ticket tracker, there used to be a bug where the guest's screen width would be rounded down to the nearest multiple of 8, but they claim to have fixed the bug in version 3.2.12. I'm using version 4.1.18 and seeing the same problem they claim to have fixed, so either they broke it again, they were wrong about ever having fixed it, or my problem is something else entirely. This answer suggested giving the VM 128MB of video memory, and claimed no problems getting 1366x768 afterward. When I created the VM, its display memory was already defaulted to 128 MB. I tried increasing it to 256MB, but with no effect: the guest is still six pixels too narrow. My host OS is Windows 7 64-bit, and I'm running VirtualBox 4.1.18. How can I get VirtualBox to run my guest OS fullscreen at my display's native resolution of 1366x768?

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  • VirtualBox VM running web server not accessible via external IP

    - by mwigdahl
    I have a Windows 7 machine running VirtualBox with an Ubuntu guest. The guest has a Bitnami LAMP stack installed. I have the guest configured for Bridged networking, and I can access the guest web server just fine from other machines on my LAN using the guest's IP. I'm trying to configure port forwarding so that I can access the web server from outside my LAN. (The router is a 2WIRE model as I'm on ATT's UVerse). I've set up port forwarding for ports 80 and 443 to the guest's IP in a similar manner to how I had them set up for my previous, physical web server, which worked just fine. However, I cannot seem to access the new, virtual web server using my external IP on the forwarded port. I suspected Windows Firewall issues on the host, but disabling it didn't solve the issue. Anyone have advice on what I should try next? EDIT: I've now attempted disabling the firewall on the guest with sudo ufw disable -- that doesn't seem to help either. However, after checking the router's port forwarding in more detail I may see the problem. My VM is named "linux" and in the router's configuration pages it shows up inconsistently. Sometimes it reports with a valid LAN IP and other times it doesn't show up with any IP. Even when it shows the correct IP the router indicates that it is disconnected. Could this be an indication that the 2WIRE router doesn't play well with VirtualBox's bridged networking mode?

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  • iptables, forward traffic for ip not active on the host itself

    - by gucki
    I have kvm guest which's netword card is conntected to the host using a tap device. The tap device is part of a bridge on the host together with eth0 so it can access the public network. So far everything works, the guest can access the public network and it can be accessed from the public network. Now the kvm process on the host provides a vnc server for the guest which listens on 127.0.0.1:5901 on the host. Is there any way to make this vnc server accessible by the ip address which the guest is using (ex. 192.168.0.249), without interrupting the guest from using the same ip (port 5901 is not used by the guest)? It should also work when the guest is not using any ip address at all. So basically I just want to fake IP xx is on the host and only answer/ forward traffic to port 5901 to the host itself. I tried using this NAT rule on the host, but it doesn't work. Ip forwarding is enabled at the host. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dst 192.168.0.249 --dport 5901 -j DNAT --to-destination 127.0.0.1:5901 I assume this is because the IP 192.168.0.249 is not not bound to any interfaces and so no ARP requests for it get answered and so no packets for this IP arrive at the host. How can make it work? :)

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  • jQuery dialog box, php form.

    - by tony noriega
    i have a dialog box that opens on pageload for a site. script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $('#dialog-message').dialog({ modal: 'true', width: '400' }); }); </script> this pulls up an include: <div id="dialog-message" title="Free Jiu Jitsu Session at Alliance"> <!--#include virtual="/includes/guest.php" --> guest.php has a very small form that is processed by the page itself: <?php $dbh=mysql_connect //login stuff here if (isset($_POST['submit'])) { if (!$_POST['name'] | !$_POST['email']) { echo"<div class='error'>Error<br />Please provide your Name and Email Address so we may properly contact you.</div>"; } else { $age = $_POST['age']; $name = $_POST['name']; $gender = $_POST['gender']; $email = $_POST['email']; $phone = $_POST['phone']; $comments = $_POST['comments']; $query = "INSERT INTO table here (age,name,gender,email,phone,comments) VALUES ('$age','$name','$gender','$email','$phone','$comments')"; mysql_query($query); mysql_close(); $yoursite = "my site here"; $youremail = $email; $subject = "Website Guest Contact Us Form"; $message = "message here"; $email2 = "send to email address"; mail($email2, $subject, $message, "From: $email"); echo"<div class='thankyou'>Thank you for contacting us,<br /> we will respond as soon as we can.</div>"; } } ?> <form id="contact_us" class="guest" method="post" action="/guest.php" > <fieldset> <legend>Personal Info</legend> <label for="name" class="guest">Name:</label> <input type="text" name="name" id="name" value="" /><br> <label for="phone" class="guest">Phone:</label> <input type="text" name="phone" id="phone" value="" /><br> <label for="email" class="guest">Email Address:</label> <input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" /><br> <label for="age" class="guest">Age:</label> <input type="text" name="age" id="age" value="" size="2" /><br> <label for="gender" class="guest">Sex:</label> <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male" /> Male <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female" /> Female<br /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Comments</legend> <label for="comments" class="guest">Comments / Questions:</label> <textarea id="comments" name="comments" rows="4" cols="22"></textarea><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit" name="submit" /> <input type="Reset" value="Reset" /> </fieldset> </form> Problem is, that the path of the form action does not work, becasue this dialog box is on the index.html page of the site, and if i put the absolute path, it doesnt process... i have this functioning on another contact us page, so i know it works, but wit the dialog box, it seems to have stumped me... what should i do?

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  • bluetooth headset can connect, but not visible in pulse audio

    - by Kim Marivoet
    I have a plantronics bluetooth headset, and until yesterday I could use it without any problem. However, today it suddenly stopped working (maybe related to the last software update I did). I can still connect/disconnect my headset, but it doesn't show up in pulse audio anymore. I read through various posts that describes kind of the same problem, but none of the suggested solutions worked. I get following error in the syslog: Oct 13 16:49:57 desktop bluetoothd[1040]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.34 path=/MediaEndpoint/HFPAG Oct 13 16:49:57 desktop bluetoothd[1040]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.34 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSource Oct 13 16:49:57 desktop bluetoothd[1040]: Endpoint registered: sender=:1.34 path=/MediaEndpoint/A2DPSink Oct 13 16:50:09 desktop kernel: [ 17.340943] input: 48:C1:AC:08:FE:8F as /devices/virtual/input/input14 Oct 13 16:50:09 desktop bluetoothd[1040]: /org/bluez/1040/hci0/dev_48_C1_AC_08_FE_8F/fd0: fd(36) ready Oct 13 16:50:09 desktop rtkit-daemon[1894]: Successfully made thread 2213 of process 1892 (n/a) owned by '1000' RT at priority 5. Oct 13 16:50:09 desktop rtkit-daemon[1894]: Supervising 5 threads of 1 processes of 1 users. Oct 13 16:50:10 desktop bluetoothd[1040]: Badly formated or unrecognized command: AT+XEVENT=USER-AGENT,COM.PLANTRONICS,PLT_VOYAGERPRO,0109,27.90,FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF Oct 13 16:50:10 desktop bluetoothd[1040]: Audio connection got disconnected Any help would be much appreciated. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04. Thanks, Kim

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  • How to let a guest user start their workflow and prompt registration when they try to save their wor

    - by Brandon Cordell
    I'm wondering what I would do to go about letting a guest use my web application without registering, then if they attempt to save their work they are prompted with a registration. This will be in a rails application by the way. Can I just allow public access to part of the work flow, then when they save check if they're a registered user (by session value, or cookie?). If they aren't a registered user, save all their work into the session and let them fill out a sign out form. On successful registration automatically log them in and initiate the create on the db?

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  • Lazy Registration: How to let a guest user start their workflow and prompt registration when they tr

    - by Brandon Cordell
    I'm wondering what I would do to go about letting a guest use my web application without registering, then if they attempt to save their work they are prompted with a registration. This will be in a rails application by the way. Can I just allow public access to part of the work flow, then when they save check if they're a registered user (by session value, or cookie?). If they aren't a registered user, save all their work into the session and let them fill out a sign out form. On successful registration automatically log them in and initiate the create on the db?

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  • How to bridge Debian guest VM to VPN via Cisco AnyConnect Client running on Windows Vista host

    - by bgoodr
    I am running Cisco Anyconnect VPN Client version 2.5.3054 on a laptop running Windows Vista Home Premium (version 6.0.6002) Service Pack 2. I am running the VMware Player version 4.0.2 build-591240. The host operating system running under VMware Player is Debian 6.0.2.1 i386. The laptop is connected to a wireless connection, and I can browse the web from Windows Vista using Firefox just fine. I am able to boot into the Debian VM and open up a browser and access websites on the WAN from within the VM just fine. I can ping real Linux hosts on my LAN via: ping <lan_system>.local where <lan_system> is the hostname returned from uname -a on that system on my LAN. From a DOS CMD shell, I am able to ping hosts that exist on the remote network served by the Cisco AnyConnect Client's VPN network (and without the .local suffix applied as above): ping <remote_system> However, from within the Debian VM, I expect to be able to also ping those same remote hosts (<remote_system>) that are tunnelled over the VPN set up by Cisco AnyConnect Client. Let's say that I can ping a <remote_system> called flubber from a DOS CMD prompt just fine. When I execute Linux ping command from inside the Debian VM via: ping flubber It returns immediately with this output: ping: unknown host flubber For reference since I suspect it will be useful, here is the output of the route print command from the DOS CMD prompt: route print =========================================================================== Interface List 30 ...00 05 9a 3c 7a 00 ...... Cisco AnyConnect VPN Virtual Miniport Adapter for Windows 11 ...00 1b 9e c4 de e5 ...... Atheros AR5007EG Wireless Network Adapter 26 ...00 50 56 c0 00 01 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet1 28 ...00 50 56 c0 00 08 ...... VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet8 1 ........................... Software Loopback Interface 1 12 ...02 00 54 55 4e 01 ...... Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface 13 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 32 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #4 27 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 isatap.{E5292CF6-4FBB-4320-806D-A6B366769255} 17 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 20 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #8 22 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #10 24 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #11 25 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #12 29 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 isatap.{C3852986-5053-4E2E-BE60-52EA2FCF5899} 41 ...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #14 =========================================================================== At the top window border of the VM, clicking on Virtual Machine, then clicking on Virtual Machine Settings, then clicking on Network Adapter, I have these two options checked: [X] Bridged: Connected directly to the physical Network [X] Replicate physical network connection state [ ] NAT: used to share the hosts's IP address [ ] Host-only: A private network shared with the host [ ] LAN segment: [ ] <LAN Segments...> <Advanced> I've toyed with the other options such as NAT and Host-only but that had no effect. Is there some way to allow the VM to access those <remote_system>'s?

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  • What's up with LDoms: Part 4 - Virtual Networking Explained

    - by Stefan Hinker
    I'm back from my summer break (and some pressing business that kept me away from this), ready to continue with Oracle VM Server for SPARC ;-) In this article, we'll have a closer look at virtual networking.  Basic connectivity as we've seen it in the first, simple example, is easy enough.  But there are numerous options for the virtual switches and virtual network ports, which we will discuss in more detail now.   In this section, we will concentrate on virtual networking - the capabilities of virtual switches and virtual network ports - only.  Other options involving hardware assignment or redundancy will be covered in separate sections later on. There are two basic components involved in virtual networking for LDoms: Virtual switches and virtual network devices.  The virtual switch should be seen just like a real ethernet switch.  It "runs" in the service domain and moves ethernet packets back and forth.  A virtual network device is plumbed in the guest domain.  It corresponds to a physical network device in the real world.  There, you'd be plugging a cable into the network port, and plug the other end of that cable into a switch.  In the virtual world, you do the same:  You create a virtual network device for your guest and connect it to a virtual switch in a service domain.  The result works just like in the physical world, the network device sends and receives ethernet packets, and the switch does all those things ethernet switches tend to do. If you look at the reference manual of Oracle VM Server for SPARC, there are numerous options for virtual switches and network devices.  Don't be confused, it's rather straight forward, really.  Let's start with the simple case, and work our way to some more sophisticated options later on.  In many cases, you'll want to have several guests that communicate with the outside world on the same ethernet segment.  In the real world, you'd connect each of these systems to the same ethernet switch.  So, let's do the same thing in the virtual world: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net admin-vsw venus We've just created a virtual switch called "admin-vsw" and connected it to the physical device nxge2.  In the physical world, we'd have powered up our ethernet switch and installed a cable between it and our big enterprise datacenter switch.  We then created a virtual network interface for each one of the two guest systems "mars" and "venus" and connected both to that virtual switch.  They can now communicate with each other and with any system reachable via nxge2.  If primary were running Solaris 10, communication with the guests would not be possible.  This is different with Solaris 11, please see the Admin Guide for details.  Note that I've given both the vswitch and the vnet devices some sensible names, something I always recommend. Unless told otherwise, the LDoms Manager software will automatically assign MAC addresses to all network elements that need one.  It will also make sure that these MAC addresses are unique and reuse MAC addresses to play nice with all those friendly DHCP servers out there.  However, if we want to do this manually, we can also do that.  (One reason might be firewall rules that work on MAC addresses.)  So let's give mars a manually assigned MAC address: root@sun # ldm set-vnet mac-addr=0:14:4f:f9:c4:13 admin-net mars Within the guest, these virtual network devices have their own device driver.  In Solaris 10, they'd appear as "vnet0".  Solaris 11 would apply it's usual vanity naming scheme.  We can configure these interfaces just like any normal interface, give it an IP-address and configure sophisticated routing rules, just like on bare metal.  In many cases, using Jumbo Frames helps increase throughput performance.  By default, these interfaces will run with the standard ethernet MTU of 1500 bytes.  To change this,  it is usually sufficient to set the desired MTU for the virtual switch.  This will automatically set the same MTU for all vnet devices attached to that switch.  Let's change the MTU size of our admin-vsw from the example above: root@sun # ldm set-vsw mtu=9000 admin-vsw primary Note that that you can set the MTU to any value between 1500 and 16000.  Of course, whatever you set needs to be supported by the physical network, too. Another very common area of network configuration is VLAN tagging. This can be a little confusing - my advise here is to be very clear on what you want, and perhaps draw a little diagram the first few times.  As always, keeping a configuration simple will help avoid errors of all kind.  Nevertheless, VLAN tagging is very usefull to consolidate different networks onto one physical cable.  And as such, this concept needs to be carried over into the virtual world.  Enough of the introduction, here's a little diagram to help in explaining how VLANs work in LDoms: Let's remember that any VLANs not explicitly tagged have the default VLAN ID of 1. In this example, we have a vswitch connected to a physical network that carries untagged traffic (VLAN ID 1) as well as VLANs 11, 22, 33 and 44.  There might also be other VLANs on the wire, but the vswitch will ignore all those packets.  We also have two vnet devices, one for mars and one for venus.  Venus will see traffic from VLANs 33 and 44 only.  For VLAN 44, venus will need to configure a tagged interface "vnet44000".  For VLAN 33, the vswitch will untag all incoming traffic for venus, so that venus will see this as "normal" or untagged ethernet traffic.  This is very useful to simplify guest configuration and also allows venus to perform Jumpstart or AI installations over this network even if the Jumpstart or AI server is connected via VLAN 33.  Mars, on the other hand, has full access to untagged traffic from the outside world, and also to VLANs 11,22 and 33, but not 44.  On the command line, we'd do this like this: root@sun # ldm add-vsw net-dev=nxge2 pvid=1 vid=11,22,33,44 admin-vsw primary root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=1 vid=11,22,33 admin-vsw mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net pvid=33 vid=44 admin-vsw venus Finally, I'd like to point to a neat little option that will make your live easier in all those cases where configurations tend to change over the live of a guest system.  It's the "id=<somenumber>" option available for both vswitches and vnet devices.  Normally, Solaris in the guest would enumerate network devices sequentially.  However, it has ways of remembering this initial numbering.  This is good in the physical world.  In the virtual world, whenever you unbind (aka power off and disassemble) a guest system, remove and/or add network devices and bind the system again, chances are this numbering will change.  Configuration confusion will follow suit.  To avoid this, nail down the initial numbering by assigning each vnet device it's device-id explicitly: root@sun # ldm add-vnet admin-net id=1 admin-vsw venus Please consult the Admin Guide for details on this, and how to decipher these network ids from Solaris running in the guest. Thanks for reading this far.  Links for further reading are essentially only the Admin Guide and Reference Manual and can be found above.  I hope this is useful and, as always, I welcome any comments.

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  • How does it hurt to use Linux (Ubuntu) as a guest OS for all my tasks?

    - by sauparna
    I have a machine running Windows, where the disk has two partitions C (50 GB) and D (250GB). I do research in Information Retrieval and need to work with a large corpus (more than 50 GB) and in Linux. So if I want to install Linux on the existing system, keeping the Windows installation intact, will it be fine to run it in a virtual box? (say, QEMU, VMWare, etc.) An alternative is using Wubi. In that case the Linux installation has to be on drive C. Then, if I keep a small Linux installation (say 5GB) on C, and my corpus on D (mounted in Linux), how will it affect the performance of my programs which would be accessing the mounted Windows drive D. Is it feasible to use Linux this way? Which of the above is better if at all they are a way out? Note : Since my post in July 2010, I have been using and have tried several ways of maintaining a disk-image that I can mount in Linux. I had a 100GB qcow2 disk and a 100GB raw disk, both formatted to an EXT3 file system. I was mounting and connecting to the qcow2 disk using qemu-nbd. The problem was that every now and then, the connection to the disk would get lost and the running programs would throw disk I/O errors. The raw disk would mount and work fine as a loop mounted device, but when writing data to it, the mount.ntfs program would hog the CPU and the process would take an enormous amount of time. I was in fact running make on a piece of software located on this raw disk, and after a point of time make was waiting while mount.ntfs would show 100% CPU usage.

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  • Best Practices - updated: which domain types should be used to run applications

    - by jsavit
    This post is one of a series of "best practices" notes for Oracle VM Server for SPARC (formerly named Logical Domains). This is an updated and enlarged version of the post on this topic originally posted October 2012. One frequent question "what type of domain should I use to run applications?" There used to be a simple answer: "run applications in guest domains in almost all cases", but now there are more things to consider. Enhancements to Oracle VM Server for SPARC and introduction of systems like the current SPARC servers including the T4 and T5 systems, the Oracle SuperCluster T5-8 and Oracle SuperCluster M6-32 provide scale and performance much higher than the original servers that ran domains. Single-CPU performance, I/O capacity, memory sizes, are much larger now, and far more demanding applications are now being hosted in logical domains. The general advice continues to be "use guest domains in almost all cases", meaning, "use virtual I/O rather than physical I/O", unless there is a specific reason to use the other domain types. The sections below will discuss the criteria for choosing between domain types. Review: division of labor and types of domain Oracle VM Server for SPARC offloads management and I/O functionality from the hypervisor to domains (also called virtual machines), providing a modern alternative to older VM architectures that use a "thick", monolithic hypervisor. This permits a simpler hypervisor design, which enhances reliability, and security. It also reduces single points of failure by assigning responsibilities to multiple system components, further improving reliability and security. Oracle VM Server for SPARC defines the following types of domain, each with their own roles: Control domain - management control point for the server, runs the logical domain daemon and constraints engine, and is used to configure domains and manage resources. The control domain is the first domain to boot on a power-up, is always an I/O domain, and is usually a service domain as well. It doesn't have to be, but there's no reason to not leverage it for virtual I/O services. There is one control domain per T-series system, and one per Physical Domain (PDom) on an M5-32 or M6-32 system. M5 and M6 systems can be physically domained, with logical domains within the physical ones. I/O domain - a domain that has been assigned physical I/O devices. The devices may be one more more PCIe root complexes (in which case the domain is also called a root complex domain). The domain has native access to all the devices on the assigned PCIe buses. The devices can be any device type supported by Solaris on the hardware platform. a SR-IOV (Single-Root I/O Virtualization) function. SR-IOV lets a physical device (also called a physical function) or PF) be subdivided into multiple virtual functions (VFs) which can be individually assigned directly to domains. SR-IOV devices currently can be Ethernet or InfiniBand devices. direct I/O ownership of one or more PCI devices residing in a PCIe bus slot. The domain has direct access to the individual devices An I/O domain has native performance and functionality for the devices it owns, unmediated by any virtualization layer. It may also have virtual devices. Service domain - a domain that provides virtual network and disk devices to guest domains. The services are defined by commands that are run in the control domain. It usually is an I/O domain as well, in order for it to have devices to virtualize and serve out. Guest domain - a domain whose devices are all virtual rather than physical: virtual network and disk devices provided by one or more service domains. In common practice, this is where applications are run. Device considerations Consider the following when choosing between virtual devices and physical devices: Virtual devices provide the best flexibility - they can be dynamically added to and removed from a running domain, and you can have a large number of them up to a per-domain device limit. Virtual devices are compatible with live migration - domains that exclusively have virtual devices can be live migrated between servers supporting domains. On the other hand: Physical devices provide the best performance - in fact, native "bare metal" performance. Virtual devices approach physical device throughput and latency, especially with virtual network devices that can now saturate 10GbE links, but physical devices are still faster. Physical I/O devices do not add load to service domains - all the I/O goes directly from the I/O domain to the device, while virtual I/O goes through service domains, which must be provided sufficient CPU and memory capacity. Physical I/O devices can be other than network and disk - we virtualize network, disk, and serial console, but physical devices can be the wide range of attachable certified devices, including things like tape and CDROM/DVD devices. In some cases the lines are now blurred: virtual devices have better performance than previously: starting with Oracle VM Server for SPARC 3.1 there is near-native virtual network performance. There is more flexibility with physical devices than before: SR-IOV devices can now be dynamically reconfigured on domains. Tradeoffs one used to have to make are now relaxed: you can often have the flexibility of virtual I/O with performance that previously required physical I/O. You can have the performance and isolation of SR-IOV with the ability to dynamically reconfigure it, just like with virtual devices. Typical deployment A service domain is generally also an I/O domain: otherwise it wouldn't have access to physical device "backends" to offer to its clients. Similarly, an I/O domain is also typically a service domain in order to leverage the available PCI buses. Control domains must be I/O domains, because they boot up first on the server and require physical I/O. It's typical for the control domain to also be a service domain too so it doesn't "waste" the I/O resources it uses. A simple configuration consists of a control domain that is also the one I/O and service domain, and some number of guest domains using virtual I/O. In production, customers typically use multiple domains with I/O and service roles to eliminate single points of failure, as described in Availability Best Practices - Avoiding Single Points of Failure . Guest domains have virtual disk and virtual devices provisioned from more than one service domain, so failure of a service domain or I/O path or device does not result in an application outage. This also permits "rolling upgrades" in which service domains are upgraded one at a time while their guests continue to operate without disruption. (It should be noted that resiliency to I/O device failures can also be provided by the single control domain, using multi-path I/O) In this type of deployment, control, I/O, and service domains are used for virtualization infrastructure, while applications run in guest domains. Changing application deployment patterns The above model has been widely and successfully used, but more configuration options are available now. Servers got bigger than the original T2000 class machines with 2 I/O buses, so there is more I/O capacity that can be used for applications. Increased server capacity made it attractive to run more vertically-scaled applications, such as databases, with higher resource requirements than the "light" applications originally seen. This made it attractive to run applications in I/O domains so they could get bare-metal native I/O performance. This is leveraged by the Oracle SuperCluster engineered systems mentioned previously. In those engineered systems, I/O domains are used for high performance applications with native I/O performance for disk and network and optimized access to the Infiniband fabric. Another technical enhancement is Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV), which make it possible to give domains direct connections and native I/O performance for selected I/O devices. Not all I/O domains own PCI complexes, and there are increasingly more I/O domains that are not service domains. They use their I/O connectivity for performance for their own applications. However, there are some limitations and considerations: at this time, a domain using physical I/O cannot be live-migrated to another server. There is also a need to plan for security and introducing unneeded dependencies: if an I/O domain is also a service domain providing virtual I/O to guests, it has the ability to affect the correct operation of its client guest domains. This is even more relevant for the control domain. where the ldm command must be protected from unauthorized (or even mistaken) use that would affect other domains. As a general rule, running applications in the service domain or the control domain should be avoided. For reference, an excellent guide to secure deployment of domains by Stefan Hinker is at Secure Deployment of Oracle VM Server for SPARC. To recap: Guest domains with virtual I/O still provide the greatest operational flexibility, including features like live migration. They should be considered the default domain type to use unless there is a specific requirement that mandates an I/O domain. I/O domains can be used for applications with the highest performance requirements. Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) makes this more attractive by giving direct I/O access to more domains, and by permitting dynamic reconfiguration of SR-IOV devices. Today's larger systems provide multiple PCIe buses - for example, 16 buses on the T5-8 - making it possible to configure multiple I/O domains each owning their own bus. Service domains should in general not be used for applications, because compromised security in the domain, or an outage, can affect domains that depend on it. This concern can be mitigated by providing guests' their virtual I/O from more than one service domain, so interruption of service in one service domain does not cause an application outage. The control domain should in general not be used to run applications, for the same reason. Oracle SuperCluster uses the control domain for applications, but it is an exception. It's not a general purpose environment; it's an engineered system with specifically configured applications and optimization for optimal performance. These are recommended "best practices" based on conversations with a number of Oracle architects. Keep in mind that "one size does not fit all", so you should evaluate these practices in the context of your own requirements. Summary Higher capacity servers that run Oracle VM Server for SPARC are attractive for applications with the most demanding resource requirements. New deployment models permit native I/O performance for demanding applications by running them in I/O domains with direct access to their devices. This is leveraged in SPARC SuperCluster, and can be leveraged in T-series servers to provision high-performance applications running in domains. Carefully planned, this can be used to provide peak performance for critical applications. That said, the improved virtual device performance in Oracle VM Server means that the default choice should still be guest domains with virtual I/O.

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  • What does NT_STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME mean in Samba?

    - by Neil
    I set up a share like this: [global] security = user map to guest = Bad Password usershare allow guests = yes [vms] comment = VirtualBox Virtual Machines path = /home/neil/VirtualBox/HardDisks guest ok = yes read only = yes And when I access the share as myself, and type in my password, it works fine: $ smbclient //neil-ubuntu/vms -U neil Enter neil's password: Domain=[SHUTTERSTOCK] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.4.0] smb: \> But when I access it as guest, it doesn't work: $ smbclient //neil-ubuntu/vms -U guest Enter guest's password: Domain=[SHUTTERSTOCK] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.4.0] tree connect failed: NT_STATUS_BAD_NETWORK_NAME Regardless of what password I type in. Does anyone know why? Also, why does smbclient print such useless error messages?

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  • How can a CentOS 6 guest running in VirtualBox be configured as a LAMP server that can be accessed from the Windows host?

    - by jtt89
    I was able to conect Centos6 on Virtual Box to Windows (I can ping in both directions) with Host-only Adapter (for connection between the two) and NAT Adapter (to enable Linux on VB to connect to the Internet). I want to set up httpd, mysql and vsftpd servers and in the end easily connect to httpd from Windows based browser and ftp server with a Windows based client as well. I would also want to have access through SSH. I have a general idea of the steps that are involved, but there is also a configuration that I am not sure about at this point. Lets say I follow these steps: yum install httpd yum install php php-pear php-mysql yum install mysql-server mysql_secure_installation yum install vsftpd yum install mod_ssl Technically I have everything installed, but what would be the next steps that I need to take (from the networking point of view, so to speak) to get it all working)? I know I need to configure, at least Apache, and ftp server, but I am not sure how is it gonna work; like where am I gonna be uloading the sites (I know this can vary), how am I gonna know what address to use in a browser if I wanna go to a website x, y, z on that installation etc. This sounds like I need to do some kind of DNS setup and I am kind of stuck at this point. If somebody could give me a general outline of what are the things that need to be done that would be great (I was looking at a lot of websites and I know about etc/sysconfig/network, httpd.config - not too much about it on Apache's site, hostname, hostname -f etc; but it is kind of hard to piece it all together at this point). I am gonna be looking at the books also, but they not always reflect the setup that I have too (VirtualBox). Thank you.

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  • Virtualbox: host only networking - proxy internet connection

    - by Russell
    I'll ask my question first, then give details about where I am coming from: Is it possible to use host only, then have ubuntu act as a proxy to provide internet access to windows? If so, how? I am trying to get the right combination of networking for my virtualbox windows client VM (win7). My host is ubuntu 10.10 (maverick). I believe I understand the basic network options (please correct me if I am incorrect): NAT - Host can't communicate with guest but guest has access to all host's adapters Host only - Separate adapter but guest has no net access Bridged - bridge an adapter in the host with the virtual adapter to give the host access to the host adapter I am trying to give my win guest internet access, but also access the host in a separate network. Bridged only works when the host is connected to the internet (this is a laptop) so when it's not connected the network is down. Thanks I appreciate your help.

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  • Dual Monitor difficulties (VirtualBox ubuntu host) - rdesktop sessions mirror

    - by rukus5
    I am running ubuntu 9.10 host with a Windows guest and need to extend my guest windows desktop into the second monitor (otherwise I will have to convert to a dual boot situation because this is a work furnished computer, please HELP!!) Current Situation: Windows Guest Running with VRDP enabled and successfully connecting. Guest Additions running and VBox set to 2 monitors and I see two monitors in display settings. connecting via 2 different rdesktop sessions mirrors the display. even though display settings of Guest Windows is set to extend desktop. is there a rdesktop option to signify to the VBox it is the second display? I need the second connection be the second display. any ideas?

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  • Fastest way to move files from a guest VM to the host?

    - by iTayb
    Hey there. I'm looking for the fastest way to copy files from a VM to physical servers. Setting up a network between them isn't a thing I'd like to do. I believe it is much more secure when not having one. VMware suggests using the Copy-VMGuestFile cmdlet from their PowerCLI interface, however I find it slow (Running at approximately 1.5MB/s). I thought of the following: Creating a new virtual hard drive, moving the files in, and download the .vmdk file from the server, then extracting it locally. It is possible, however will not work with working VMs, and I don't want to shut-down the VM every time I want to move files. Use the virtual floppy device and download the .flp file. It works even if the VM is running, but it is limited to 2.8MB. Do I have any other way? I'm using ESXi 4.1. Thanks.

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  • Samba smb.conf read only and read/write accounts

    - by Pieter
    Below you can see my smb.conf, pieter is my admin user read/write on the shares works good with that account. Then I have a leecher account that has been added with smbpasswd -a leecher to the smb users, it is set up so this user only has read access to the shares. This works on MegaSam and on Thumbnails but not on my other drives, leecher does not get any access on the other shares. [global] security = user [MegaSam] comment = MegaSam path = /media/MegaSam browsable = yes guest ok = no read list = leecher write list = pieter create mask = 0755 [SilentBob] comment = SilentBob path = /media/SilentBob browsable = yes guest ok = no read list = leecher write list = pieter create mask = 0755 [Thumbnails] comment = Thumbnails path = /media/Thumbnails browsable = yes guest ok = no read list = leecher write list = pieter create mask = 0755 [Downloads] comment = Downloads path = /media/Downloads browsable = yes guest ok = no read list = leecher write list = pieter create mask = 0755

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  • workstation 7 and host-only no connectivity

    - by Steff
    hello, I have a WinXP 32 host (IBM T400) with VWware workstation 7 (7.0.1 build-227600) and some guest OS (Win xp, NT, etc.) I can ping from the host to guest OS and vice versa, but... every other "protocols" do not work at all. No http from host to guest, no CIFS, nothing, nothing, nothing. Windows firewall is turned off, TCP/IP filer is turned off. i re-installed VMware workstation, then the networking started working again, but, after some reboots... it stopped again. Connectivity among guest OS... it works FINE. Can not understand... problems exist just between host and guest. Host-only or NAT... it is the same. Any suggestion?

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  • workstation 7 and host-only no connectivity

    - by Steff
    hello, I have a WinXP 32 host (IBM T400) with VWware workstation 7 (7.0.1 build-227600) and some guest OS (Win xp, NT, etc.) I can ping from the host to guest OS and vice versa, but... every other "protocols" do not work at all. No http from host to guest, no CIFS, nothing, nothing, nothing. Windows firewall is turned off, TCP/IP filer is turned off. i re-installed VMware workstation, then the networking started working again, but, after some reboots... it stopped again. Connectivity among guest OS... it works FINE. Can not understand... problems exist just between host and guest. Host-only or NAT... it is the same. Any suggestion?

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  • How to SSH into Red Hat Linux (virtual box guest) from Windows 7 (host)?

    - by Gary Hunter
    I have RHEL running in Virtual Box and my native OS is Win 7. From a purely educational standpoint, I want to be able to access RHEL from Win 7 over SSH. I download putty but don;t know how to make it do what I want. Ideally, I would like to use the linux command prompt at a minimum and preferably access the GUI apps also. IS this possible? I am just trying to explore and expand my linux knowledge. Thanks for your time. Gary Hunter

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  • VirtualBox host: Ubuntu vs. Windows XP

    - by iambriansreed
    In order to lengthen the lifespan of my machine I am replacing the weakest link, the hard drive and installing a new OS. I had planned on using xp pro as my virtualbox host and ubuntu as guest. After messing with ubuntu desktop and server I am really impressed and am thinking of reversing the virtualbox setup; ubuntu host xp guest. I would use XP for Adobe Fireworks, Netflix, and iTunes (maybe) that's pretty much it. Any reason not to do ubuntu host with xp guest? I know the xp vbox will run slower as a guest but really how much slower? It's a desktop. 4gb ram, 500gb disk, Pent D 3.2 ghz

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