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  • How can I determine the sector size on an external hard drive?

    - by sigint
    Hard drives are transitioning from 512 byte to 4096 byte sector sizes, and it looks like Windows XP won't support these newer drives without additional software (such as WDalign from Western Digital) My question is: how does this affect external hard drives? I'll be buying a 1TB USB external drive, and it'll be plugged into a mix of Windows 7 and XP machines. Is there an easy way to tell what the sector size on an external hard drive is?

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  • Motherboard Is A MCP61PM-HM Rev 1.OB

    - by Dennis Smith
    I have a compaq presario pc SR5110NX The Processor is AMD Athlon 64 Proceessor3800+ It has 512 mb of Ram and a 40gb Hard Drive Here is my problem I Have 2 Sata One Is Black and the other Is White I have 2 red little cables and they have the letters and numbers on them It Is HP P/N:5188-2897 0720 on the side of the cable.Here is the Mother Board MCP61PM-HM Rev 1.0B I need to now where do the two Sata Connectors Connect Too Please Help Thank You So Much.Ps I am running windows XP Pro

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  • How I can determine the sector size on an external hard drive?

    - by sigint
    Hard drives are transitioning from 512 byte to 4096 byte sector sizes, and it looks like Windows XP won't support these newer drives without additional software (such as WDalign from Western Digital) My question is: how does this affect external hard drives? I'll be buying a 1TB USB external drive, and it'll be plugged into a mix of Windows 7 and XP machines. Is there an easy way to tell what the sector size on an external hard drive is?

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  • High I/O latency with software RAID, LUKS encrypted and LVM partitioned KVM setup

    - by aef
    I found out a performance problems with a Mumble server, which I described in a previous question are caused by an I/O latency problem of unknown origin. As I have no idea what is causing this and how to further debug it, I'm asking for your ideas on the topic. I'm running a Hetzner EX4S root server as KVM hypervisor. The server is running Debian Wheezy Beta 4 and KVM virtualisation is utilized through LibVirt. The server has two different 3TB hard drives as one of the hard drives was replaced after S.M.A.R.T. errors were reported. The first hard disk is a Seagate Barracuda XT ST33000651AS (512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical sector size), the other one a Seagate Barracuda 7200.14 (AF) ST3000DM001-9YN166 (512 bytes logical and physical sector size). There are two Linux software RAID1 devices. One for the unencrypted boot partition and one as container for the encrypted rest, using both hard drives. Inside the latter RAID device lies an AES encrypted LUKS container. Inside the LUKS container there is a LVM physical volume. The hypervisor's VFS is split on three logical volumes on the described LVM physical volume: one for /, one for /home and one for swap. Here is a diagram of the block device configuration stack: sda (Physical HDD) - md0 (RAID1) - md1 (RAID1) sdb (Physical HDD) - md0 (RAID1) - md1 (RAID1) md0 (Boot RAID) - ext4 (/boot) md1 (Data RAID) - LUKS container - LVM Physical volume - LVM volume hypervisor-root - LVM volume hypervisor-home - LVM volume hypervisor-swap - … (Virtual machine volumes) The guest systems (virtual machines) are mostly running Debian Wheezy Beta 4 too. We have one additional Ubuntu Precise instance. They get their block devices from the LVM physical volume, too. The volumes are accessed through Virtio drivers in native writethrough mode. The IO scheduler (elevator) on both the hypervisor and the guest system is set to deadline instead of the default cfs as that happened to be the most performant setup according to our bonnie++ test series. The I/O latency problem is experienced not only inside the guest systems but is also affecting services running on the hypervisor system itself. The setup seems complex, but I'm sure that not the basic structure causes the latency problems, as my previous server ran four years with almost the same basic setup, without any of the performance problems. On the old setup the following things were different: Debian Lenny was the OS for both hypervisor and almost all guests Xen software virtualisation (therefore no Virtio, also) no LibVirt management Different hard drives, each 1.5TB in size (one of them was a Seagate Barracuda 7200.11 ST31500341AS, the other one I can't tell anymore) We had no IPv6 connectivity Neither in the hypervisor nor in guests we had noticable I/O latency problems According the the datasheets, the current hard drives and the one of the old machine have an average latency of 4.12ms.

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  • Free memory on linux [closed]

    - by Julia Roberts
    Possible Duplicate: Meaning of the buffers/cache line in the output of free What would be a good setting to free memory on linux? I have 8GB but gets used up so fast. current settings: kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns = 10000000 kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns = 15000000 vm.dirty_ratio = 40 kernel.pid_max = 4096 vm.bdflush = 100 1200 128 512 15 5000 500 1884 2 What settings would I need so linux frees old ram faster?

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  • Recover harddrive data

    - by gameshints
    I have a dell laptop that recently "died" (It would get the blue screen of death upon starting) and the hard drive would make a weird cyclic clicking noises. I wanted to see if I could use some tools on my linux machine to recover the data, so I plugged it into there. If I run "fdisk" I get: Disk /dev/sdb: 20.0 GB, 20003880960 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 19077 cylinders Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x64651a0a Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table Fine, the partition table is messed up. However if I run "testdisk" in attempt to fix the table, it freezes at this point, making the same cyclical clicking noises: Disk /dev/sdb - 20 GB / 18 GiB - CHS 19078 64 32 Analyse cylinder 158/19077: 00% I don't really care about the hard drive working again, and just the data, so I ran "gpart" to figure out where the partitions used to be. I got this: dev(/dev/sdb) mss(512) chs(19077/64/32)(LBA) #s(39069696) size(19077mb) * Warning: strange partition table magic 0x2A55. Primary partition(1) type: 222(0xDE)(UNKNOWN) size: 15mb #s(31429) s(63-31491) chs: (0/1/1)-(3/126/63)d (0/1/32)-(15/24/4)r hex: 00 01 01 00 DE 7E 3F 03 3F 00 00 00 C5 7A 00 00 Primary partition(2) type: 007(0x07)(OS/2 HPFS, NTFS, QNX or Advanced UNIX) (BOOT) size: 19021mb #s(38956987) s(31492-38988478) chs: (4/0/1)-(895/126/63)d (15/24/5)-(19037/21/31)r hex: 80 00 01 04 07 7E FF 7F 04 7B 00 00 BB 6F 52 02 So I tried to mount just to the old NTFS partition, but got an error: sudo mount -o loop,ro,offset=16123904 -t ntfs /dev/sdb /mnt/usb NTFS signature is missing. Ugh. Okay. But then I tried to get a raw data dump by running dd if=/dev/sdb of=/home/erik/brokenhd skip=31492 count=38956987 But the file got up to 59885568 bytes, and made the same cyclical clicking noises. Obviously there is a bad sector, but I don't know what to do about it! The data is still there... if I view that 57MB file in textpad... I can see raw data from files. How can I get my data back? Thanks for any suggestions, Solution: I was able to recover about 90% of my data: Froze harddrive in freezer Used Ddrescue to make a copy of the drive Since Ddrescue wasn't able to get enough of my drive to use testdisk to recover my partitions/file system, I ended up using photorec to recover most of my files

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  • HP Smart Array p400i with Intel X25-M 160 SSD

    - by user67304
    I have a pair of x25-M 160 Intel SSD's in an HP DL360 G5 with a p400i Smart Array running 512 BBWC. The disk performance I am getting on this box and another identical one does not come close to matching the same two drives running through a cheap 3ware RAID card. Any idea? I have played with the cache settings, but nothing allows me to get the same results. It seems like the Smart Array controller is the bottleneck.

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  • HP Smart Array p400i with Intel X25-M 160 SSD

    - by user67304
    I have a pair of x25-M 160 Intel SSD's in an HP DL360 G5 with a p400i Smart Array running 512 BBWC. The disk performance I am getting on this box and another identical one does not come close to matching the same two drives running through a cheap 3ware RAID card. Any idea? I have played with the cache settings, but nothing allows me to get the same results. It seems like the Smart Array controller is the bottleneck.

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  • memory cards capacity needs to be the same?

    - by balalakshmi
    I am not a hardware guy. I just heard this from a service engineer Memory cards of unequal capacities should not be used. that is if there is a 1 GM already in the slot, we need to add another 1 GB card only. Not 512 MB or 2 GB. Is there a problem if we use memory cards which are not equal capacities?

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  • mongodb : Can create new thread on FreeBSD?

    - by user197739
    We experienced some strange thing in our mongodb gridfs platform. The platform actually is a bi Xeon E5 (bi quad core) with 128GB of memory, running on freebsd 9 with a zfs pool dedicated for mongodb. [root@mongofile1 ~]# uname -sr FreeBSD 9.1-RELEASE our /boot/loader.conf vfs.zfs.arc_min="2048M" vfs.zfs.arc_max="7680M" vm.kmem_size_max="16G" vm.kmem_size="12G" vfs.zfs.prefetch_disable="1" kern.ipc.nmbclusters="32768" /etc/sysctl.conf net.inet.tcp.msl=15000 net.inet.tcp.keepidle=300000 kern.ipc.nmbclusters=32768 kern.ipc.maxsockbuf=2097152 kern.ipc.somaxconn=8192 kern.maxfiles=65536 kern.maxfilesperproc=32768 net.inet.tcp.delayed_ack=0 net.inet.tcp.sendspace=65535 net.inet.udp.recvspace=65535 net.inet.udp.maxdgram=57344 net.local.stream.recvspace=65535 net.local.stream.sendspace=65535 we follow the recommendation for the ulimit : [root@mongofile1 ~]# su - mongodb $ ulimit -a cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited file size (512-blocks, -f) unlimited data seg size (kbytes, -d) 33554432 stack size (kbytes, -s) 524288 core file size (512-blocks, -c) unlimited max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited locked memory (kbytes, -l) unlimited max user processes (-u) 5547 open files (-n) 32768 virtual mem size (kbytes, -v) unlimited swap limit (kbytes, -w) unlimited sbsize (bytes, -b) unlimited pseudo-terminals (-p) unlimited This server have a twin (same config exactly) for ReplSet in other data center and we have a virtualized arbiter. Some time, almost 3 days, the process of mongodb exit. The problem begin with: Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.741 [conn774697] end connection 192.168.10.162:47963 (23 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.770 [initandlisten] can't create new thread, closing connection Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.771 [rsHealthPoll] replSet member mongofile2:27017 is now in state DOWN Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.774 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.162:47968 #774702 (20 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.774 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.161:28522 #774703 (21 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.774 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.164:15406 #774704 (22 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.774 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.163:25750 #774705 (23 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.810 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.182:20779 #774706 (24 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.855 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.161:28524 #774707 (25 connections now open) Fri Nov 8 11:27:31.869 [initandlisten] connection accepted from 192.168.10.182:20786 #774708 (26 connections now open) and after many "can create new thread" [root@mongofile1 /usr/mongodb]# tail -n 15000 mongod.log.old |grep "create new thread"|wc 5020 55220 421680 and finish by a magnificent Fri Nov 8 11:30:22.333 [rsMgr] replSet warning caught unexpected exception in electSelf() pure virtual method called Fri Nov 8 11:30:22.333 Got signal: 6 (Abort trap: 6). Fri Nov 8 11:30:22.337 Backtrace: 0x599efc 0x8035cb516 0x599efc <_ZN5mongo10abruptQuitEi+988> at /usr/local/bin/mongod 0x8035cb516 <_pthread_sigmask+918> at /lib/libthr.so.3 Extract of mongodb from top 78126 mongodb 77 20 0 1253G 1449M sbwait 0 0:20 0.00% mongod If I restart the process when it crash, the problem is fixed for almost 3 days. Has anyone seen this before, or know of a fix?

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  • allow infiniband for non root users

    - by user1219721
    I got Infiniband running on RHEL 6.3 [root@master ~]# ibv_devinfo hca_id: mthca0 transport: InfiniBand (0) fw_ver: 4.7.927 node_guid: 0017:08ff:ffd0:6f1c sys_image_guid: 0017:08ff:ffd0:6f1f vendor_id: 0x08f1 vendor_part_id: 25208 hw_ver: 0xA0 board_id: VLT0060010001 phys_port_cnt: 2 port: 1 state: PORT_ACTIVE (4) max_mtu: 2048 (4) active_mtu: 2048 (4) sm_lid: 2 port_lid: 3 port_lmc: 0x00 link_layer: InfiniBand port: 2 state: PORT_DOWN (1) max_mtu: 2048 (4) active_mtu: 512 (2) sm_lid: 0 port_lid: 0 port_lmc: 0x00 link_layer: InfiniBand but it's only working as root. when trying from a non-super user, I got nothing : [nicolas@master ~]$ ibv_devices device node GUID ------ ---------------- mthca0 001708ffffd06f1c So, how to allow regular users to use infiniband ?

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  • Ubuntu stopped recognizing my iPod

    - by flashnode
    Rythmbox on Ubuntu 10.10 used to recognize my 3rd gen Nano and transfer mp3s. Now I plug it in and Ubuntu doesn't pop-up that box that asks what you want to do anymore. It is only recognized if I reboot and the thing is plugged in. Here is the output to 'lsusb -v -s bus:device' Bus 001 Device 008: ID 05ac:1262 Apple, Inc. iPod Nano 3.Gen Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x05ac Apple, Inc. idProduct 0x1262 iPod Nano 3.Gen bcdDevice 0.01 iManufacturer 1 Apple Inc. iProduct 2 iPod iSerial 3 000A27001A670128 bNumConfigurations 2 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 32 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 500mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 2 bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk (Zip) iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT bmAttributes 2 Transfer Type Bulk Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes bInterval 0 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 149 bNumInterfaces 3 bConfigurationValue 2 iConfiguration 4 iPod USB Interface bmAttributes 0xc0 Self Powered MaxPower 500mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 0 bInterfaceClass 1 Audio bInterfaceSubClass 1 Control Device bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 AudioControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (HEADER) bcdADC 1.00 wTotalLength 30 bInCollection 1 baInterfaceNr( 0) 1 AudioControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 12 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 2 (INPUT_TERMINAL) bTerminalID 1 wTerminalType 0x0201 Microphone bAssocTerminal 2 bNrChannels 2 wChannelConfig 0x0003 Left Front (L) Right Front (R) iChannelNames 0 iTerminal 0 AudioControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 3 (OUTPUT_TERMINAL) bTerminalID 2 wTerminalType 0x0101 USB Streaming bAssocTerminal 1 bSourceID 1 iTerminal 0 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 0 bInterfaceClass 1 Audio bInterfaceSubClass 2 Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 1 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 1 Audio bInterfaceSubClass 2 Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 AudioStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (AS_GENERAL) bTerminalLink 2 bDelay 1 frames wFormatTag 1 PCM AudioStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 35 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 2 (FORMAT_TYPE) bFormatType 1 (FORMAT_TYPE_I) bNrChannels 2 bSubframeSize 2 bBitResolution 16 bSamFreqType 9 Discrete tSamFreq[ 0] 8000 tSamFreq[ 1] 11025 tSamFreq[ 2] 12000 tSamFreq[ 3] 16000 tSamFreq[ 4] 22050 tSamFreq[ 5] 24000 tSamFreq[ 6] 32000 tSamFreq[ 7] 44100 tSamFreq[ 8] 48000 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 1 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x00c0 1x 192 bytes bInterval 4 bRefresh 0 bSynchAddress 0 AudioControl Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 37 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (EP_GENERAL) bmAttributes 0x01 Sampling Frequency bLockDelayUnits 0 Undefined wLockDelay 0 Undefined Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 2 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 0 No Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 0 None iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.01 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 208 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 1 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level) bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 2 Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) This ubuntu forum told me to check the automount settings under /apps/nautilus/preferences/media_automount_open in gconf-editor. And I did that. Any clues?

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  • Server Load Check

    - by ntechi
    Is it possible to trace which file or process or database query is effecting the load on a VPS? I am using Centos with 512 MB Guarantee Memory and 1 GB burst Memory, I am running 3 wordpress sites from it, where all are having daily traffic of 30-100 visitors each, After every 2-3 days I need to restart my VPS because the resources are taking high usage of memory, I tried running top command and it shows Apache as high, But is it possible to check which website is taking load? Here is my 'top -c' command output results

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  • How can I determine the sector size on an external hard drive?

    - by sigint
    Hard drives are transitioning from 512 byte to 4096 byte sector sizes, and it looks like Windows XP won't support these newer drives without additional software (such as WDalign from Western Digital) My question is: how does this affect external hard drives? I'll be buying a 1TB USB external drive, and it'll be plugged into a mix of Windows 7 and XP machines. Is there an easy way to tell what the sector size on an external hard drive is?

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  • My home box as my own host?

    - by Majid
    Hi all, I have a 512 kb/s DSL service at home. I do not have a static IP but I can get one if I pay some extra to my ISP. Now, if I get the static IP, can I make my home box act as my internet host? What else do I need? Thanks P.S. I know that if at all possible, the site I make available this way might be slow, that is alright, my question is if it is possible at all.

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  • Lightweight ad-blocker for firefox

    - by student
    On a old machine (512 MB RAM) I am currently running ubuntu jaunty and firefox 3.0.15. I tried the ad blocker addon add block plus but it eats lots of RAM (300 MB). Is high memory load of this add-on a bug, which is fixed in a newer version or just normal? If so, why is the memory usage so high? Is there another ad blocker add-on for firefox or another browser- add-on combination for linux (ubuntu jaunty) which uses significant less RAM?

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  • PostgreSQL configuration (work_mem, effective_cache_size etc.)

    - by JohnHawkins
    :) I know I can base on tutorials that I can find on net, but there are confusing, and I know there are some of Postgres gurus here. My hardware: 2x Intel Xeon E5645 2,40 GHz / 32 GB of RAM / 2xSAS for pg_xlog (RAID1) + 3x2 SAS for rest (RAID10) + BBU and 512 MB of cache. It's gonna be used for one web project, with some big (relative term :P) tables (20mil+ of records). Server is dedicated to Posgtres service. I need help with configuring it - work_mem, effective_cache_size etc.

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  • Assembly - Read next sector of a virtual disk

    - by ali
    As any programmer in the world at least once in his/her life, I am trying to create my "revolutionary", the new and only one operating system. :D Well, I am using a virtual emulator (Oracle VM Virtual Box), for which I create a new unknwon operating system, with a vmdk disk. I like vmdk because they are just plain files, so I can paste my boot-loader over the first 512 bytes of the virtual hard disk. Now, I am trying to read the next sector of this virtual disk, on which I would paste a simple kernel that would display a message. I have two questions: Am I reading the second segment (the first -512 bytes- is occupied by the bootloader) correctly? CODE: CitesteDisc: mov bx, 0x8000 ; segment mov es, bx mov bx, 0x0000 ; offset mov ah, 0x02 ; read function mov al, 0x01 ; sectors - this might be wrong, trying to read from hd mov ch, 0x00 ; cylinder mov cl, 0x02 ; sector mov dh, 0x00 ; head mov dl, 0x80 ; drive - trying to read from hd int 0x13 ; disk int mov si, ErrorMessage ; - This will display an error message jc ShowMessage jmp [es:bx] ; buffer Here, I get the error message, after checking CF. However, if I use INT 13, 1 to get last status message, AL is 0 - so no error is saved. Am I pasting my simple kernel in the correct place inside the vmdk? What I do is pasting it after the 512th byte of the file, the first 512 bytes, as I said, are the boot-loader. The file would look like this: BE 45 7C E8 16 00 EB FE B4 0E B7 00 B3 07 CD 10 <- First sector C3 AC 08 C0 74 05 E8 EF FF EB F6 C3 B4 00 B2 80 CD 13 BE 5D 7C 72 F5 BB 00 80 8E C3 BB 00 00 B4 02 B0 06 B5 00 B1 01 B6 00 B2 07 CD 13 BE 4E 7C 72 CF 26 FF 27 57 65 6C 63 6F 6D 65 21 00 52 65 61 64 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 21 00 52 65 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 21 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 AA <- Boot-loader signature B4 0E B0 2E CD 10 EB FE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 <- Start of the second sector 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 So, this is the way I am trying to add the kernel to the second sector. What do you think is wrong with this? Thanks!

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  • How to detect hidden field tampering?

    - by Myron
    On a form of my web app, I've got a hidden field that I need to protect from tampering for security reasons. I'm trying to come up with a solution whereby I can detect if the value of the hidden field has been changed, and react appropriately (i.e. with a generic "Something went wrong, please try again" error message). The solution should be secure enough that brute force attacks are infeasible. I've got a basic solution that I think will work, but I'm not security expert and I may be totally missing something here. My idea is to render two hidden inputs: one named "important_value", containing the value I need to protect, and one named "important_value_hash" containing the SHA hash of the important value concatenated with a constant long random string (i.e. the same string will be used every time). When the form is submitted, the server will re-compute the SHA hash, and compare against the submitted value of important_value_hash. If they are not the same, the important_value has been tampered with. I could also concatenate additional values with the SHA's input string (maybe the user's IP address?), but I don't know if that really gains me anything. Will this be secure? Anyone have any insight into how it might be broken, and what could/should be done to improve it? Thanks!

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  • Android strict dependency checks in SDK 17

    - by Christine
    This is not a question because I already found the answer. The new Android SDK 17 has a stricter dependency check on jar files. At the same time, they added a jar that I think wasn't there before. My project encountered a conflict between the new annotations.jar in the SDK and one that I already used. Replacing one by the other would work, if they have the same origin. My annotations.jar is from jetbrains, via a Guice dependency, so replacing it doesn't work. This is the error I got: [2012-03-22 10:54:27 - MyApp] Jar mismatch! Fix your dependencies [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Found 2 versions of annotations.jar in the dependency list, [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] but not all the versions are identical (check is based on SHA-1 only at this time). [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] All versions of the libraries must be the same at this time. [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Versions found are: [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Path: /opt/android-sdk-linux_x86/tools/support/annotations.jar [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Length: 1463 [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] SHA-1: 6f59fa3a223df6f332bee8b8bffb526f7445018b [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Path: /home/christine/workspace/MyApp/libs/annotations.jar [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Length: 7593 [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] SHA-1: e28fe9e70610beb9ef49226a9e56fed7a86e742a [2012-03-22 10:54:46 - MyApp] Jar mismatch! Fix your dependencies

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  • EXC_BAD_ACCESS and KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS after intiating a print sequence.

    - by Edward M. Bergmann
    MAC G4/1.5GHz/2GB/1TB+ OS10.4.11 Start up Volume has been erased/complete reinstall with updated software. Current problem only occurs when printing to an Epson Artisan 800 [USB as well as Ethernet connected] when using Macromedia FreeHand 10.0.1.67. All other apps/printers work fine. Memory has been removed/swapped/reinstalled several times, CPU was changed from 1.5GB to 1.3GB. Page(s) will print, but application quits within a second or two after selecting "print." Apple has never replied, Epson hasn't a clue, and I am befuddled!! Perhaps there is GURU out their who and see a bigger-better picture and understands how to interpret all of this stuff. If so, it would be a terrific pleasure to get a handle on how to cure this problem or get some A M M U N I T I O N to fire in the right direction. I thank you in advance. FreeHand 10 MAC OS10.4.11 unexpectedly quits after invoking a print command, the result: Date/Time: 2010-04-20 14:23:18.371 -0700 OS Version: 10.4.11 (Build 8S165) Report Version: 4 Command: FreeHand 10 Path: /Applications/Macromedia FreeHand 10.0.1.67/FreeHand 10 Parent: WindowServer [1060] Version: 10.0.1.67 (10.0.1.67, Copyright © 1988-2002 Macromedia Inc. and its licensors. All rights reserved.) PID: 1217 Thread: 0 Exception: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (0x0001) Codes: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS (0x0001) at 0x07d7e000 Thread 0 Crashed: 0 <<00000000>> 0xffff8a60 __memcpy + 704 (cpu_capabilities.h:189) 1 FreeHand X 0x011d2994 0x1008000 + 1878420 2 FreeHand X 0x01081da4 0x1008000 + 499108 3 FreeHand X 0x010f5474 0x1008000 + 971892 4 FreeHand X 0x010d0278 0x1008000 + 819832 5 FreeHand X 0x010fa808 0x1008000 + 993288 6 FreeHand X 0x01113608 0x1008000 + 1095176 7 FreeHand X 0x01113748 0x1008000 + 1095496 8 FreeHand X 0x01099ebc 0x1008000 + 597692 9 FreeHand X 0x010fa358 0x1008000 + 992088 10 FreeHand X 0x010fa170 0x1008000 + 991600 11 FreeHand X 0x010f9830 0x1008000 + 989232 12 FreeHand X 0x01098678 0x1008000 + 591480 13 FreeHand X 0x010f7a5c 0x1008000 + 981596 Thread 1: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x90005dec syscall + 12 1 com.apple.OpenTransport 0x9ad015a0 BSD_waitevent + 44 2 com.apple.OpenTransport 0x9ad06360 CarbonSelectThreadFunc + 176 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002b908 _pthread_body + 96 Thread 2: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002bfc8 semaphore_wait_signal_trap + 8 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x90030aac pthread_cond_wait + 480 2 com.apple.OpenTransport 0x9ad01e94 CarbonOperationThreadFunc + 80 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002b908 _pthread_body + 96 Thread 3: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002bfc8 semaphore_wait_signal_trap + 8 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x90030aac pthread_cond_wait + 480 2 com.apple.OpenTransport 0x9ad11df0 CarbonInetOperThreadFunc + 80 3 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002b908 _pthread_body + 96 Thread 4: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x90053f88 semaphore_timedwait_signal_trap + 8 1 libSystem.B.dylib 0x900707e8 pthread_cond_timedwait_relative_np + 556 2 ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore 0x90bf9330 TSWaitOnSemaphoreCommon + 176 3 ...ple.CoreServices.CarbonCore 0x90c012d0 TimerThread + 60 4 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002b908 _pthread_body + 96 Thread 5: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9001f48c select + 12 1 com.apple.CoreFoundation 0x907f1240 __CFSocketManager + 472 2 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002b908 _pthread_body + 96 Thread 6: 0 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002188c access + 12 1 ...e.print.framework.PrintCore 0x9169a620 CreateProxyURL(__CFURL const*) + 192 2 ...e.print.framework.PrintCore 0x9169a4f8 CreateOriginalPrinterProxyURL() + 80 3 ...e.print.framework.PrintCore 0x9169a034 CheckPrinterProxyVersion(OpaquePMPrinter*, __CFURL const*) + 192 4 ...e.print.framework.PrintCore 0x91699d94 PJCPrinterProxyCreateURL + 932 5 ...e.print.framework.PrintCore 0x916997bc PJCLaunchPrinterProxy(OpaquePMPrinter*, PMLaunchPCReason) + 32 6 ...e.print.framework.PrintCore 0x91699730 PJCLaunchPrinterProxyThread(void*) + 136 7 libSystem.B.dylib 0x9002b908 _pthread_body + 96 Thread 0 crashed with PPC Thread State 64: srr0: 0x00000000ffff8a60 srr1: 0x000000000200f030 vrsave: 0x00000000ff000000 cr: 0x24002244 xer: 0x0000000020000002 lr: 0x00000000011d2994 ctr: 0x00000000000003f6 r0: 0x0000000000000000 r1: 0x00000000bfffea60 r2: 0x0000000000000000 r3: 0x00000000083bb000 r4: 0x00000000083c0040 r5: 0x0000000000014d84 r6: 0x0000000000000010 r7: 0x0000000000000020 r8: 0x0000000000000030 r9: 0x0000000000000000 r10: 0x0000000000000060 r11: 0x0000000000000080 r12: 0x0000000007d7e000 r13: 0x0000000000000000 r14: 0x00000000005cbd26 r15: 0x0000000000000001 r16: 0x00000000017b03a0 r17: 0x0000000000000000 r18: 0x000000000068fa80 r19: 0x0000000000000001 r20: 0x0000000006c639c4 r21: 0x00000000006900f8 r22: 0x0000000006e09480 r23: 0x0000000006e0a250 r24: 0x0000000000000002 r25: 0x0000000000000000 r26: 0x00000000bfffed2c r27: 0x0000000006e05ce0 r28: 0x0000000000014d84 r29: 0x0000000000000000 r30: 0x0000000000014d84 r31: 0x00000000083bb000 Binary Images Description: 0x1000 - 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0x5d4b0de Spiral PEF binary: Spiral 0x5d4c000 - 0x5d57f07 Targa Import Export8 PEF binary: Targa Import Export8 0x5d58000 - 0x5d8d959 TIFF Import Export68 PEF binary: TIFF Import Export68 0x5d93000 - 0x5da0f65 Color Utilities PEF binary: Color Utilities 0x5f62000 - 0x5f6e795 Mirror PEF binary: Mirror 0x5f6f000 - 0x5fbd656 HTML Export PEF binary: HTML Export 0x5fc8000 - 0x5fd442f Graphic Hose PEF binary: Graphic Hose 0x5fd5000 - 0x5fe4b5a BMP Import Exportr68 PEF binary: BMP Import Exportr68 0x5fe5000 - 0x60342d6 PDF Export PEF binary: PDF Export 0x6041000 - 0x6042f44 Fractalizej@ PEF binary: Fractalizej@ 0x6043000 - 0x6075214 Chart Tool™ PEF binary: Chart Tool™ 0x6076000 - 0x607d46d Bend PEF binary: Bend 0x607e000 - 0x60cda7b PDF Import PEF binary: PDF Import 0x60dc000 - 0x60e38f2 Photoshop ImportChartCursor PEF binary: Photoshop ImportChartCursor 0x60e4000 - 0x60eb9b1 3D Rotationp PEF binary: 3D Rotationp 0x60ec000 - 0x611b458 JPEG Import ExportANEL PEF binary: JPEG Import ExportANEL 0x611c000 - 0x613d89f GIF Import Export PEF binary: GIF Import Export 0x613e000 - 0x616d7f7 Flash Export PEF binary: Flash Export 0x616e000 - 0x6175d75 Fisheye Lens PEF binary: Fisheye Lens 0x6176000 - 0x6182343 IPTC File Info PEF binary: IPTC File Info 0x6184000 - 0x6193790 PEF binary: 0x6194000 - 0x61965e5 Photoshop Palette Import PEF binary: Photoshop Palette Import 0x6197000 - 0x619c5a4 Add PointsZ PEF binary: Add PointsZ 0x619d000 - 0x61ad92b Emboss PEF binary: Emboss 0x61ae000 - 0x61be6e1 AppleScript™ Xtrawpc PEF binary: AppleScript™ Xtrawpc 0x61bf000 - 0x61d16de Navigation PEF binary: Navigation 0x61d2000 - 0x61ff94e CorelDRAW 7-8 Import PEF binary: CorelDRAW 7-8 Import 0x620a000 - 0x620d7f1 Trap PEF binary: Trap 0x620e000 - 0x62149d4 Import RGB Color Table PEF binary: Import RGB Color Table 0x6215000 - 0x6217dfe Arc PEF binary: Arc 0x6218000 - 0x62211e3 Delete Empty Text Blocks PEF binary: Delete Empty Text Blocks 0x6222000 - 0x624c8da MIX Services PEF binary: MIX Services 0x7d0b000 - 0x7d37fff com.apple.print.framework.Print.Private 4.6 (163.10) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Print.framework/Versions/Current/Plugins/PrintCocoaUI.bundle/Contents/MacOS/PrintCocoaUI 0x7dbf000 - 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0x92af5fff libiconv.2.dylib /usr/lib/libiconv.2.dylib 0x92af8000 - 0x92b80fff com.apple.DesktopServices 1.3.7 /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DesktopServicesPriv.framework/Versions/A/DesktopServicesPriv 0x92bc1000 - 0x92df4fff com.apple.Foundation 6.4.12 (567.42) /System/Library/Frameworks/Foundation.framework/Versions/C/Foundation 0x92f27000 - 0x92f45fff libGL.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGL.dylib 0x92f50000 - 0x92faafff libGLU.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLU.dylib 0x92fc8000 - 0x92fc8fff com.apple.Carbon 10.4 (???) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Carbon 0x92fca000 - 0x92fdefff com.apple.ImageCapture 3.0 /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ImageCapture.framework/Versions/A/ImageCapture 0x92ff6000 - 0x93006fff com.apple.speech.recognition.framework 3.4 /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SpeechRecognition.framework/Versions/A/SpeechRecognition 0x93012000 - 0x93027fff com.apple.securityhi 2.0 (203) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/SecurityHI.framework/Versions/A/SecurityHI 0x93039000 - 0x930c0fff com.apple.ink.framework 101.2 (69) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Ink.framework/Versions/A/Ink 0x930d4000 - 0x930dffff com.apple.help 1.0.3 (32) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Help.framework/Versions/A/Help 0x930e9000 - 0x93117fff com.apple.openscripting 1.2.7 (???) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/OpenScripting.framework/Versions/A/OpenScripting 0x93131000 - 0x93140fff com.apple.print.framework.Print 5.2 (192.4) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/Print.framework/Versions/A/Print 0x9314c000 - 0x931b2fff com.apple.htmlrendering 1.1.2 /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HTMLRendering.framework/Versions/A/HTMLRendering 0x931e3000 - 0x93232fff com.apple.NavigationServices 3.4.4 (3.4.3) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/NavigationServices.framework/Versions/A/NavigationServices 0x93260000 - 0x9327dfff com.apple.audio.SoundManager 3.9 /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CarbonSound.framework/Versions/A/CarbonSound 0x9328f000 - 0x9329cfff com.apple.CommonPanels 1.2.2 (73) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CommonPanels.framework/Versions/A/CommonPanels 0x932a5000 - 0x935b3fff com.apple.HIToolbox 1.4.10 (???) /System/Library/Frameworks/Carbon.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/HIToolbox.framework/Versions/A/HIToolbox 0x93703000 - 0x9370ffff com.apple.opengl 1.4.7 /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/OpenGL 0x93714000 - 0x93734fff com.apple.DirectoryService.Framework 3.3 /System/Library/Frameworks/DirectoryService.framework/Versions/A/DirectoryService 0x93787000 - 0x93787fff com.apple.Cocoa 6.4 (???) /System/Library/Frameworks/Cocoa.framework/Versions/A/Cocoa 0x93789000 - 0x93dbcfff com.apple.AppKit 6.4.10 (824.48) /System/Library/Frameworks/AppKit.framework/Versions/C/AppKit 0x94149000 - 0x941bbfff com.apple.CoreData 91 (92.1) /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreData.framework/Versions/A/CoreData 0x941f4000 - 0x942b9fff com.apple.audio.toolbox.AudioToolbox 1.4.7 /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioToolbox.framework/Versions/A/AudioToolbox 0x9430c000 - 0x9430cfff com.apple.audio.units.AudioUnit 1.4 /System/Library/Frameworks/AudioUnit.framework/Versions/A/AudioUnit 0x9430e000 - 0x944cefff com.apple.QuartzCore 1.4.12 /System/Library/Frameworks/QuartzCore.framework/Versions/A/QuartzCore 0x94518000 - 0x94555fff libsqlite3.0.dylib /usr/lib/libsqlite3.0.dylib 0x9455d000 - 0x945adfff libGLImage.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGLImage.dylib 0x945b6000 - 0x945cffff com.apple.CoreVideo 1.4.2 /System/Library/Frameworks/CoreVideo.framework/Versions/A/CoreVideo 0x9477d000 - 0x9478cfff libCGATS.A.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libCGATS.A.dylib 0x94794000 - 0x947a1fff libCSync.A.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libCSync.A.dylib 0x947a7000 - 0x947c6fff libPDFRIP.A.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libPDFRIP.A.dylib 0x947e7000 - 0x94800fff libRIP.A.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libRIP.A.dylib 0x94807000 - 0x94b3afff com.apple.QuickTime 7.6.4 (1327.73) /System/Library/Frameworks/QuickTime.framework/Versions/A/QuickTime 0x94c22000 - 0x94c93fff libstdc++.6.dylib /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib 0x94e09000 - 0x94f39fff com.apple.AddressBook.framework 4.0.6 (490) /System/Library/Frameworks/AddressBook.framework/Versions/A/AddressBook 0x94fcc000 - 0x94fdbfff com.apple.DSObjCWrappers.Framework 1.1 /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/DSObjCWrappers.framework/Versions/A/DSObjCWrappers 0x94fe3000 - 0x95010fff com.apple.LDAPFramework 1.4.1 (69.0.1) /System/Library/Frameworks/LDAP.framework/Versions/A/LDAP 0x95017000 - 0x95027fff libsasl2.2.dylib /usr/lib/libsasl2.2.dylib 0x9502b000 - 0x9505afff libssl.0.9.7.dylib /usr/lib/libssl.0.9.7.dylib 0x9506a000 - 0x95087fff libresolv.9.dylib /usr/lib/libresolv.9.dylib 0x9acff000 - 0x9ad1dfff com.apple.OpenTransport 2.0 /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/OpenTransport.framework/OpenTransport 0x9ad98000 - 0x9ad99fff com.apple.iokit.dvcomponentglue 1.7.9 /System/Library/Frameworks/DVComponentGlue.framework/Versions/A/DVComponentGlue 0x9b1db000 - 0x9b1f2fff libCFilter.A.dylib /System/Library/Frameworks/ApplicationServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/CoreGraphics.framework/Versions/A/Resources/libCFilter.A.dylib 0x9c69b000 - 0x9c6bdfff libmx.A.dylib /usr/lib/libmx.A.dylib 0xeab00000 - 0xeab25fff libConverter.dylib /System/Library/Printers/Libraries/libConverter.dylib Model: PowerMac3,1, BootROM 4.2.8f1, 1 processors, PowerPC G4 (3.3), 1.3 GHz, 2 GB Graphics: ATI Radeon 7500, ATY,RV200, AGP, 32 MB Memory Module: DIMM0/J21, 512 MB, SDRAM, PC133-333 Memory Module: DIMM1/J22, 512 MB, SDRAM, PC133-333 Memory Module: DIMM2/J23, 512 MB, SDRAM, PC133-333 Memory Module: DIMM3/J24, 512 MB, SDRAM, PC133-333 Modem: Spring, UCJ, V.90, 3.0F, APPLE VERSION 0001, 4/7/1999 Network Service: Built-in Ethernet, Ethernet, en0 PCI Card: SeriTek/1V2E2 v.5.1.3,11/22/05, 23:47:18, ata, SLOT-B PCI Card: pci-bridge, pci, SLOT-C PCI Card: firewire, ieee1394, 2x8 PCI Card: usb, usb, 2x9 PCI Card: usb, usb, 2x9 PCI Card: pcie55,2928, 2x9 PCI Card: ATTO,ExpressPCIPro, scsi, SLOT-D Parallel ATA Device: MATSHITADVD-ROM SR-8585 Parallel ATA Device: IOMEGA ZIP 100 ATAPI USB Device: Hub, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: Hub, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: USB2.0 Hub, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: iMic USB audio system, Griffin Technology, Inc, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: USB Storage Device, Generic, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: USB2.0 MFP, EPSON, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: DYMO LabelWriter Twin Turbo, DYMO, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: USB 2.0 CD + HDD, DMI, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: USB2.0 Hub, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: USB2.0 Hub, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: iMate, USB To ADB Adaptor, Griffin Technology, Inc., Up to 1.5 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: Hub in Apple Pro Keyboard, Alps Electric, Up to 12 Mb/sec, 500 mA USB Device: Griffin PowerMate, Griffin Technology, Inc., Up to 1.5 Mb/sec, 100 mA

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  • FAT Volume and CE

    - by Kate Moss' Open Space
    Whenever we format a disk volume, it is a good idea to name the label so it will be easier to categorize. To label a volume, we can use LABEL command or UI depends on your preference. Windows CE does provide FAT driver and support various format (FAT12, FAT16,FAT32, ExFAT and TFAT - transaction-safe FAT) and many feature to let you scan and even defrag the volume but not labeling. At any time you format a volume in CE and then mount it on PC, the label is always empty! Of course, you can always label the volume on PC, even it is formatted in CE. So looks like CE does not care about the volume label at all, neither report the label to OS nor changing the label on FAT.So how can we set the volume label in CE? To Answer this question, we need to know how does FAT stores the volume label. Here are some on-line resources are handy for parsing FAT. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/ide/fat32.html http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/platform/firmware/fatgen.mspx You can refer to PUBLIC\COMMON\OAK\DRIVERS\FSD\FATUTIL\MAIN\bootsec.h and dosbpb.h or the above links for the fields we discuss here. The first sector of a FAT Volume (it is not necessary to be the first sector of a disk.) is a FAT boot sector and BPB (BIOS Parameter Block). And at offset 43, bgbsVolumeLabel (or bsVolumeLabel on FAT16) is for storing the volume lable, but note in the spec also indicates "FAT file system drivers should make sure that they update this field when the volume label file in the root directory has its name changed or created.". So we can't just simply update the bgbsVolumeLabel but also need to create a volume lable file in root directory. The volume lable file is not a real file but just a file entry in root directory with zero file lenth and a very special file attribute, ATTR_VOLUME_ID. (defined in public\common\oak\drivers\fsd\fatutil\MAIN\fatutilp.h) Locating and accessing bootsector is quite straight forward, as long as we know the starting sector of a FAT volume, that's it. But where is the root directory? The layout of a typical FAT is like this Boot sector (Volume ID in the figure) followed by Reserved Sectors (1 on FAT12/16 and 32 on FAT32), then FAT chain table(s) (can be 1 or 2), after that is the root directory (FAT12/16 and not shows in the figure) then begining of the File and Directories. In FAT12/16, the root directory is placed right after FAT so it is not hard to caculate the offset in the volume. But in FAT32, this rule is no longer true: the first cluster of the root directory is determined by BGBPB_RootDirStrtClus (or offset 44 in boot sector). Although this field is usually 0x00000002 (it is how CE initial the root directory after formating a volume. Note we should never assume it is always true) which means the first cluster contains data but not like the root directory is contiguous in FAT12/16, it is just like a regular file can be fragmented. So we need to access the root directory (of FAT32) hopping one cluster to another by traversing FAT table. Let's trace the code now. Although the source of FAT driver is not available in CE Shared Source program, but the formatter, Fatutil.dll, is available in public\common\oak\drivers\fsd\fatutil\MAIN\formatdisk.cpp. Be aware the public code only provides formatter for FAT12/16/32 for ExFAT it is still not available. FormatVolumeInternal is the main worker function. With the knowledge here, you should be able the trace the code easily. But I would like to discuss the following code pieces     dwReservedSectors = (fo.dwFatVersion == 32) ? 32 : 1;     dwRootEntries = (fo.dwFatVersion == 32) ? 0 : fo.dwRootEntries; Note the dwReservedSectors is 32 in FAT32 and 1 in FAT12/16. Root Entries is another different mentioned in previous paragraph, 0 for FAT32 (dynamic allocated) and fixed size (usually 512, defined in DEFAULT_ROOT_ENTRIES in public\common\sdk\inc\fatutil.h) And then here   memset(pBootSec->bsVolumeLabel, 0x20, sizeof(pBootSec->bsVolumeLabel)); It sets the Volume Label as empty string. Now let's carry on to the next section - write the root directory.     if (fo.dwFatVersion == 32) {         if (!(fo.dwFlags & FATUTIL_FORMAT_TFAT)) {             dwRootSectors = dwSectorsPerCluster;         }         else {             DIRENTRY    dirEntry;             DWORD       offset;             int               iVolumeNo;             memset(pbBlock, 0, pdi->di_bytes_per_sect);             memset(&dirEntry, 0, sizeof(DIRENTRY));                         dirEntry.de_attr = ATTR_VOLUME_ID;             // the first one is volume label             memcpy(dirEntry.de_name, "TFAT       ", sizeof (dirEntry.de_name));             memcpy(pbBlock, &dirEntry, sizeof(dirEntry));              ...             // Skip the next step of zeroing out clusters             dwCurrentSec += dwSectorsPerCluster;             dwRootSectors = 0;         }     }     // Each new root directory sector needs to be zeroed.     memset(pbBlock, 0, cbSizeBlk);     iRootSec=0;     while ( iRootSec < dwRootSectors) { Basically, the code zero out the each entry in root directory depends on dwRootSectors. In FAT12/16, the dwRootSectors is calculated as the sectors we need for the root entries (512 for most of the case) and in FAT32 it just zero out the one cluster. Please note that, if it is a TFAT volume, it initialize the root directory with special volume label entries for some special purpose. Despite to its unusual initialization process for TFAT, it does provide a example for how to create a volume entry. With some minor modification, we can assign the volume label in FAT formatter and also remember to sync the volume label with bsVolumeLabel or bgbsVolumeLabel in boot sector.

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