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• Word 2007 "Out of Memory or Disk Space" Error on launch.

  - by Adam

  Word 2007 is installed on a Vista Home Premium machine and whenever it starts up it opens what appears to be a dynamic installer to do something and then throws up the "Out of Memory or Disk Space" error. Word 2007 never completes starting up. Reinstalling Word hasn't helped and if I can avoid reinstalling Windows until Windows 7 is released and get Word working in the mean time, that would be ideal. I've been looking around for a solution, once of which seemed to point to a problem with the user account. I created a second user on the machine and Word still had the same problem. The other solution that seems possible is a corrupted normal.dot/normal.dotm file. However, even in the location it should be, I can't seem to find it. Am I going in the right direction with this? Is there another solution I haven't come across that will fix this? If it is possible that renaming normal.dot/normal.dotm how can I find it?

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• HP p410i array controller - what happens if i add memory?

  - by James

  I have a p410i array controller that only has 256ram. We want to create a raid 5 so we have procured a 512 write back cache module. If we install the write back cache, will this erase the existing raid information. The server currently has 2 disks in raid 1. 6 are spare waiting for an upgrade to create a raid 5. the concern is if we replace/upgrade the memory for the controller, we will wipe the existing production raid 1 array. Thanks in advance.

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• Need data on disk drive management by OS: getting base I/O unit size, “sync” option, Direct Memory A

  - by Richard T

  Hello All, I want to ensure I have done all I can to configure a system's disks for serious database use. The three areas I know of (any others?) to be concerned about are: I/O size: the database engine and disk's native size should either match, or the database's native I/O size should be a multiple of the disk's native I/O size. Disks that are capable of Direct Memory Access (eg. IDE) should be configured for it. When a disk says it has written data persistently, it must be so! No keeping it in cache and lying about it. I have been looking for information on how to ensure these are so for CENTOS and Ubuntu, but can't seem to find anything at all! I want to be able to check these things and change them if needed. Any and all input appreciated.

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• C Programming: malloc() inside another function

  - by vikramtheone

  Hi Guys, I need help with malloc() inside another function. I'm passing a pointer and size to the function from my main() and I would like to allocate memory for that pointer dynamically using malloc() from inside that called function, but what I see is that.... the memory which is getting allocated is for the pointer declared withing my called function and not for the pointer which is inside the main(). How should I pass a pointer to a function and allocate memory for the passed pointer from inside the called function? Can anyone throw light on this? Help!!! Vikram I have written the following code and I get the output as shown below SOURCE: main() { unsigned char *input_image; unsigned int bmp_image_size = 262144; if(alloc_pixels(input_image, bmp_image_size)==NULL) printf("\nPoint2: Memory allocated: %d bytes",_msize(input_image)); else printf("\nPoint3: Memory not allocated"); } signed char alloc_pixels(unsigned char *ptr, unsigned int size) { signed char status = NO_ERROR; ptr = NULL; ptr = (unsigned char*)malloc(size); if(ptr== NULL) { status = ERROR; free(ptr); printf("\nERROR: Memory allocation did not complete successfully!"); } printf("\nPoint1: Memory allocated: %d bytes",_msize(ptr)); return status; } PROGRAM OUTPUT: Point1: Memory allocated ptr: 262144 bytes Point2: Memory allocated input_image: 0 bytes

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• PHP OCI8 and Oracle 11g DRCP Connection Pooling in Pictures

  - by christopher.jones

  Here is a screen shot from a PHP OCI8 connection pooling demo that I like to run. It graphically shows how little database host memory is needed when using DRCP connection pooling with Oracle Database 11g. Migrating to DRCP can be as simple as starting the pool and changing the connection string in your PHP application. The script that generated the data for this graph was a simple "Parts" query application being run under various simulated user loads. I was running the database on a small Oracle Linux server with just 2G of memory. I used PHP OCI8 1.4. Apache is in pre-fork mode, as needed for PHP. Each graph has time on the horizontal access in arbitrary 'tick' time units. Click the image to see it full sized. Pooled connections Beginning with the top left graph, At tick time 65 I used Apache's 'ab' tool to start 100 concurrent 'users' running the application. These users connected to the database using DRCP: $c = oci_pconnect('phpdemo', 'welcome', 'myhost/orcl:pooled'); A second hundred DRCP users were added to the system at tick 80 and a final hundred users added at tick 100. At about tick 110 I stopped the test and restarted Apache. This closed all the connections. The bottom left graph shows the number of statements being executed by the database per second, with some spikes for background database activity and some variability for this small test. Each extra batch of users adds another 'step' of load to the system. Looking at the top right Server Process graph shows the database server processes doing the query work for each web user. As user load is added, the DRCP server pool increases (in green). The pool is initially at its default size 4 and quickly ramps up to about (I'm guessing) 35. At tick time 100 the pool increases to my configured maximum of 40 processes. Those 40 processes are doing the query work for all 300 web users. When I stopped the test at tick 110, the pooled processes remained open waiting for more users to connect. If I had left the test quiet for the DRCP 'inactivity_timeout' period (300 seconds by default), the pool would have shrunk back to 4 processes. Looking at the bottom right, you can see the amount of memory being consumed by the database. During the initial quiet period about 500M of memory was in use. The absolute number is just an indication of my particular DB configuration. As the number of pooled processes increases, each process needs more memory. You can see the shape of the memory graph echoes the Server Process graph above it. Each of the 300 web users will also need a few kilobytes but this is almost too small to see on the graph. Non-pooled connections Compare the DRCP case with using 'dedicated server' processes. At tick 140 I started 100 web users who did not use pooled connections: $c = oci_pconnect('phpdemo', 'welcome', 'myhost/orcl'); This connection string change is the only difference between the two tests. At ticks 155 and 165 I started two more batches of 100 simulated users each. At about tick 195 I stopped the user load but left Apache running. Apache then gradually returned to its quiescent state, killing idle httpd processes and producing the downward slope at the right of the graphs as the persistent database connection in each Apache process was closed. The Executions per Second graph on the bottom left shows the same step increases as for the earlier DRCP case. The database is handling this load. But look at the number of Server processes on the top right graph. There is now a one-to-one correspondence between Apache/PHP processes and DB server processes. Each PHP processes has one DB server processes dedicated to it. Hence the term 'dedicated server'. The memory required on the database is proportional to all those database server processes started. Almost all my system's memory was consumed. I doubt it would have coped with any more user load. Summary Oracle Database 11g DRCP connection pooling significantly reduces database host memory requirements allow more system memory to be allocated for the SGA and allowing the system to scale to handled thousands of concurrent PHP users. Even for small systems, using DRCP allows more web users to be active. More information about PHP and DRCP can be found in the PHP Scalability and High Availability chapter of The Underground PHP and Oracle Manual.

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• Error java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: getNewTla using Oracle EPM products

  - by Marc Schumacher

  Running into a Java out of memory error, it is very common behaviour in the field that the Java heap size will be increased. While this might help to solve a heap space out of memory error, it might not help to fix an out of memory error for the Thread Local Area (TLA). Increasing the available heap space from 1 GB to 16 GB might not even help in this situation. The Thread Local Area (TLA) is part of the Java heap, but as the name already indicates, this memory area is local to a specific thread so there is no need to synchronize with other threads using this memory area. For optimization purposes the TLA size is configurable using the Java command line option “-XXtlasize”. Depending on the JRockit version and the available Java heap, the default values vary. Using Oracle EPM System (mainly 11.1.2.x) the following setting was tested successfully: -XXtlasize:min=8k,preferred=128k More information about the “-XXtlasize” parameter can be found in the JRockit documentation: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E13150_01/jrockit_jvm/jrockit/jrdocs/refman/optionXX.html

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• Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide

  - by jchang

  Microsoft just release Fast Track Data Warehouse 3.0 Reference Guide version. The new changes are increased memory recommendation and the disks per RAID group change from 2-disk RAID 1 to 4-Disk RAID 10. Memory The earlier FTDW reference architecture cited 4GB memory per core. There was no rational behind this, but it was felt some rule was better than no rule. The new FTDW RG correctly cites the rational that more memory helps keep hash join intermediate results and sort operations in memory. 4-Disk...(read more)

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• Can my computer run Ubuntu? [duplicate]

  - by Harry B

  This question already has an answer here: How do I find out which version and derivative of Ubuntu is right for my hardware in terms of minimal system requirements? 2 answers Just want to check if my computer can run Ubuntu. It is an old IBM ThinkPad, so here are the basic stats I could find: IBM 28832ZU Processor Intel(R) Celeron(R) M processor 1300MHz Processor Speed 1.27 GHz Memory (RAM) 2048 MB Operating System Microsoft Windows XP Professional Operating System Version 5.1.2600 Intel Extreme Graphics 2M And here is some info pulled from the graphics panel NTEL(R) EXTREME GRAPHICS 2 FOR MOBILE REPORT Report Date: 06/28/2013 Report Time[hr:mm:ss]: 17:53:20 Driver Version: 6.14.10.3943 Operating System: Windows NT* 5.1.2600 Service Pack 2 Default Language: English DirectX* Version: 9.0 Physical Memory: 2038 MB Min. Graphics Memory: 8 MB Max. Graphics Memory: 64 MB Graphics Memory in use: 7 MB Processor: x86 family 6 Model 9 Stepping 5 Processor Speed: 1296 MHZ Device Revision: 2 Output Devices Connected to Graphics Accelerator * Active Notebook Displays:1

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• Segmentation fault when enabling optimization in a simple GTK+ application?

  - by gatopeich

  Might be that it is too late, but I find it at least curious that the following few lines seem to be causing a segmentation fault if and only when compiled with gcc's optimization, even "-O1"! settings_dialog = gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons("gatotray Settings" , NULL, 0, GTK_STOCK_CANCEL, FALSE, GTK_STOCK_SAVE, TRUE, 0); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(settings_dialog), "response", G_CALLBACK(gtk_widget_destroy), NULL); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(settings_dialog), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(settings_destroyed), NULL); GtkWidget *vb = gtk_dialog_get_content_area(GTK_DIALOG(settings_dialog)); GtkWidget *hb = gtk_hbox_new(FALSE, 3); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hb), gtk_label_new("Background:")); GtkWidget *cb = gtk_color_button_new(); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hb), cb); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(vb), hb); This is the backtrace: (gdb) backtrace #0 0x00007ffff4d88052 in ?? () from /lib/libc.so.6 #1 0x00007ffff5304112 in g_strdup () from /lib/libglib-2.0.so.0 #2 0x00007ffff5bc799d in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 #3 0x00007ffff5ba826c in g_object_new_valist () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 #4 0x00007ffff5ba84f1 in g_object_new () from /usr/lib/libgobject-2.0.so.0 #5 0x00007ffff78502d5 in gtk_button_new_from_stock () from /usr/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 #6 0x00007ffff787cc95 in gtk_dialog_add_button () from /usr/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 #7 0x00007ffff787cd60 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 #8 0x00007ffff787cf60 in gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons () from /usr/lib/libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0 #9 0x0000000000402bb9 in show_settings_dialog () at settings.c:24 #10 0x0000000000403328 in main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffe2b8) at gatotray.c:286 ... settings.c:24 is exactly the first line listed above, seems like "gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons" is the culprit... Versions: gcc: 4.4.3 GTK+: 2.20.1 BTW, forgot to mention that commenting out certain lines after the conflictive call prevents it from happening. Particularly the line with "gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(hb), cb);" I tried almost all suitable combinations of GtkTypes/GTK_MACROS, it makes no difference.

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• ?12c database ????Adaptive Execution Plans ????????

  - by Liu Maclean(???)

  12c R1 ????SQL??????- Adaptive Execution Plans ????????,???????optimizer ??????(runtime)???????????????, ????????????????????? SQL???????? ????????????, ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????adaptive plan ????????????????????????????????????,?????subplan???????????????????? ??????, ???????? ???????????????,?????????, ?????? ???????????????”???”????, ???????????????????buffer ???????  ????????????,?????,??????????????????? ???optimizer ?????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????plan???? ??12C?????????????, ???????????????????,?????? ???????????? ????????????2???: Dynamic Plans????: ???????????????????????;??????,???optimizer??????????subplans??????????????, ???????????????????,?????????????? Reoptimization????: ?Dynamic Plans????,Reoptimization??????????????????????Reoptimization??,?????????????????????????,??reoptimization????? OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_REPORTING_ONLY ???? report-only????????????????TRUE,?????????report-only????,???????????????,??????????????? Dynamic Plans ??????????????,????????????????????????, ?????????????,???????????,????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????final plan??????????????default plan, ??final plan?default plan???????,????????????? subplan ???????????????,???????????????????????? ??????,???????statistics collector ?buffer???????????statistics collector?????????????????,???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????,??????????,?????????????? ???????????,???????buffer???? ???????????????,?????????????????????????????,??????buffer,??????final plan? ????????,???????????????????????,????????????????? ?V$SQL??????IS_RESOLVED_DYNAMIC_PLAN??????????final plan???default plan? ??????dynamic plan ???????SQL PLAN directives?????? declare cursor PLAN_DIRECTIVE_IDS is select directive_id from DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES; begin for z in PLAN_DIRECTIVE_IDS loop DBMS_SPD.DROP_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVE(z.directive_id); end loop; end; / explain plan for select /*MALCEAN*/ product_name from oe.order_items o, oe.product_information p where o.unit_price=15 and quantity>1 and p.product_id=o.product_id; select * from table(dbms_xplan.display()); Plan hash value: 1255158658 www.askmaclean.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 4 | 128 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | | | | | | 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 4 | 128 | 7 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | ORDER_ITEMS | 4 | 48 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 | |* 4 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PK | 1 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 | | 5 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 20 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 3 - filter("O"."UNIT_PRICE"=15 AND "QUANTITY">1) 4 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") alter session set events '10053 trace name context forever,level 1'; OR alter session set events 'trace[SQL_Plan_Directive] disk highest'; select /*MALCEAN*/ product_name from oe.order_items o, oe.product_information p where o.unit_price=15 and quantity>1 and p.product_id=o.product_id; ---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost | Time | ---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 7 | | | 1 | HASH JOIN | | 4 | 128 | 7 | 00:00:01 | | 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | | | | | | 3 | NESTED LOOPS | | 4 | 128 | 7 | 00:00:01 | | 4 | STATISTICS COLLECTOR | | | | | | | 5 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | ORDER_ITEMS | 4 | 48 | 3 | 00:00:01 | | 6 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN | PRODUCT_INFORMATION_PK| 1 | | 0 | | | 7 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 20 | 1 | 00:00:01 | | 8 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 20 | 1 | 00:00:01 | ---------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Predicate Information: ---------------------- 1 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") 5 - filter(("O"."UNIT_PRICE"=15 AND "QUANTITY">1)) 6 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") ===================================== SPD: BEGIN context at statement level ===================================== Stmt: ******* UNPARSED QUERY IS ******* SELECT /*+ OPT_ESTIMATE (@"SEL$1" JOIN ("P"@"SEL$1" "O"@"SEL$1") ROWS=13.000000 ) OPT_ESTIMATE (@"SEL$1" TABLE "O"@"SEL$1" ROWS=13.000000 ) */ "P"."PRODUCT_NAME" "PRODUCT_NAME" FROM "OE"."ORDER_ITEMS" "O","OE"."PRODUCT_INFORMATION" "P" WHERE "O"."UNIT_PRICE"=15 AND "O"."QUANTITY">1 AND "P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID" Objects referenced in the statement PRODUCT_INFORMATION[P] 92194, type = 1 ORDER_ITEMS[O] 92197, type = 1 Objects in the hash table Hash table Object 92197, type = 1, ownerid = 6573730143572393221: No Dynamic Sampling Directives for the object Hash table Object 92194, type = 1, ownerid = 17822962561575639002: No Dynamic Sampling Directives for the object Return code in qosdInitDirCtx: ENBLD =================================== SPD: END context at statement level =================================== ======================================= SPD: BEGIN context at query block level ======================================= Query Block SEL$1 (#0) Return code in qosdSetupDirCtx4QB: NOCTX ===================================== SPD: END context at query block level ===================================== SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = TABLE SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92197, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 6, colvec = [4, 5, ], fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: Inserted felem, fid=2896834833840853267, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = YES, keep = YES SPD: qosdCreateFindingSingTab retCode = CREATED, fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: qosdCreateDirCmp retCode = CREATED, fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = TABLE SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = JOIN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SKIP_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = JOIN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_SCAN SPD: Return code in qosdDSDirSetup: NOCTX, estType = INDEX_FILTER SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92197, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 6, colvec = [4, 5, ], fid = 2896834833840853267 SPD: Modified felem, fid=2896834833840853267, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = YES, keep = YES SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92194, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 2, colvec = [1, ], fid = 5618517328604016300 SPD: Modified felem, fid=5618517328604016300, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = NO, keep = NO SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 1, objcnt = 1, obItr = 0, objid = 92194, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 2, colvec = [1, ], fid = 1142802697078608149 SPD: Modified felem, fid=1142802697078608149, ftype = 1, freason = 1, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = NO, keep = NO SPD: Generating finding id: type = 1, reason = 2, objcnt = 2, obItr = 0, objid = 92194, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 0, obItr = 1, objid = 92197, objtyp = 1, vecsize = 0, fid = 1437680122701058051 SPD: Modified felem, fid=1437680122701058051, ftype = 1, freason = 2, dtype = 0, dstate = 0, dflag = 0, ver = NO, keep = NO select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(format=>'report')) ; ????report????adaptive plan Adaptive plan: ------------- This cursor has an adaptive plan, but adaptive plans are enabled for reporting mode only.  The plan that would be executed if adaptive plans were enabled is displayed below. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | Id  | Operation          | Name                | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT   |                     |       |       |     7 (100)|          | |*  1 |  HASH JOIN         |                     |     4 |   128 |     7   (0)| 00:00:01 | |*  2 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| ORDER_ITEMS         |     4 |    48 |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 | |   3 |   TABLE ACCESS FULL| PRODUCT_INFORMATION |     1 |    20 |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SQL> select SQL_ID,IS_RESOLVED_DYNAMIC_PLAN,sql_text from v$SQL WHERE SQL_TEXT like '%MALCEAN%' and sql_text not like '%like%'; SQL_ID IS -------------------------- -- SQL_TEXT -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6ydj1bn1bng17 Y select /*MALCEAN*/ product_name from oe.order_items o, oe.product_information p where o.unit_price=15 and quantity>1 and p.product_id=o.product_id ???? explain plan for ????default plan, ??????optimizer???final plan,??V$SQL.IS_RESOLVED_DYNAMIC_PLAN???Y,????????????? DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES?????????????SQL PLAN DIRECTIVES, ???12c? ???MMON?????DML ???column usage??????????,????SMON??? MMON????SGA??PLAN DIRECTIVES??? ?????DBMS_SPD.flush_sql_plan_directive???? select directive_id,type,reason from DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES / DIRECTIVE_ID TYPE REASON ----------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------------------- 10321283028317893030 DYNAMIC_SAMPLING JOIN CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 4757086536465754886 DYNAMIC_SAMPLING JOIN CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 16085268038103121260 DYNAMIC_SAMPLING JOIN CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE SQL> set pages 9999 SQL> set lines 300 SQL> col state format a5 SQL> col subobject_name format a11 SQL> col col_name format a11 SQL> col object_name format a13 SQL> select d.directive_id, o.object_type, o.object_name, o.subobject_name col_name, d.type, d.state, d.reason 2 from dba_sql_plan_directives d, dba_sql_plan_dir_objects o 3 where d.DIRECTIVE_ID=o.DIRECTIVE_ID 4 and o.object_name in ('ORDER_ITEMS') 5 order by d.directive_id; DIRECTIVE_ID OBJECT_TYPE OBJECT_NAME COL_NAME TYPE STATE REASON ------------ ------------ ------------- ----------- -------------------------------- ----- ------------------------------------- --- 1.8156E+19 COLUMN ORDER_ITEMS UNIT_PRICE DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1.8156E+19 TABLE ORDER_ITEMS DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1.8156E+19 COLUMN ORDER_ITEMS QUANTITY DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES????? _BASE_OPT_DIRECTIVE ? _BASE_OPT_FINDING SELECT d.dir_own#, d.dir_id, d.f_id, decode(type, 1, 'DYNAMIC_SAMPLING', 'UNKNOWN'), decode(state, 1, 'NEW', 2, 'MISSING_STATS', 3, 'HAS_STATS', 4, 'CANDIDATE', 5, 'PERMANENT', 6, 'DISABLED', 'UNKNOWN'), decode(bitand(flags, 1), 1, 'YES', 'NO'), cast(d.created as timestamp), cast(d.last_modified as timestamp), -- Please see QOSD_DAYS_TO_UPDATE and QOSD_PLUS_SECONDS for more details -- about 6.5 cast(d.last_used as timestamp) - NUMTODSINTERVAL(6.5, 'day') FROM sys.opt_directive$ d ??dbms_spd??? SQL PLAN DIRECTIVES, SQL PLAN DIRECTIVES???retention ???53?: Package: DBMS_SPD This package provides subprograms for managing Sql Plan Directives(SPD). SPD are objects generated automatically by Oracle server. For example, if server detects that the single table cardinality estimated by optimizer is off from the actual number of rows returned when accessing the table, it will automatically create a directive to do dynamic sampling for the table. When any Sql statement referencing the table is compiled, optimizer will perform dynamic sampling for the table to get more accurate estimate. Notes: DBMSL_SPD is a invoker-rights package. The invoker requires ADMINISTER SQL MANAGEMENT OBJECT privilege for executing most of the subprograms of this package. Also the subprograms commit the current transaction (if any), perform the operation and commit it again. DBA view dba_sql_plan_directives shows all the directives created in the system and the view dba_sql_plan_dir_objects displays the objects that are included in the directives. -- Default value for SPD_RETENTION_WEEKS SPD_RETENTION_WEEKS_DEFAULT CONSTANT varchar2(4) := '53'; | STATE : NEW : Newly created directive. | : MISSING_STATS : The directive objects do not | have relevant stats. | : HAS_STATS : The objects have stats. | : PERMANENT : A permanent directive. Server | evaluated effectiveness and these | directives are useful. | | AUTO_DROP : YES : Directive will be dropped | automatically if not | used for SPD_RETENTION_WEEKS. | This is the default behavior. | NO : Directive will not be dropped | automatically. Procedure: flush_sql_plan_directive This procedure allows manually flushing the Sql Plan directives that are automatically recorded in SGA memory while executing sql statements. The information recorded in SGA are periodically flushed by oracle background processes. This procedure just provides a way to flush the information manually. ????”_optimizer_dynamic_plans”(enable dynamic plans)????????,???TRUE??DYNAMIC PLAN? ???FALSE???????????? ????,Dynamic Plan????????????Nested Loop?Hash Join???case ,????????Nested loop???????????HASH JOIN,?HASH JOIN????????????????? ????????subplan?????,???? pass?? ?join method???,?????STATISTICS COLLECTOR???cardinality?,???????HASH JOIN?????Nested Loop,????????????subplan?????access path; ???????Sales??????????????????,????HASH JOIN,??SUBPLAN??customers?????????;?????Nested Loop,???????cust_id?????Range Scan+Access by Rowid? Cardinality feedback Cardinality feedback????????11.2????,????????re-optimization???;  ???????????,Cardinality feedback?????????????????????????? ???????????????????,?????????????????,??????????Cardinality feedback????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????Cardinality feedback ??: ????????,???????????,??????????,????????????????selectivity ??? ????????????: ??????,?????????????????????????????????,??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????? ?????????,???????????????,?????????? ??????????Cardinality ????,??????join Cardinality ????????? Cardinality feedback???????cursor?,?Cursor???aged out????? SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p WHERE o.unit_price = 15 AND quantity > 1 AND p.product_id = o.product_id Plan hash value: 1553478007 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | 20 | | | | |* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 4 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | 20 | 2061K| 2061K| 429K (0)| |* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| ORDER_ITEMS | 1 | 4 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | 6 | | | | | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 1 | 288 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | 14 | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECT /*+ gather_plan_statistics */ product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p WHERE o.unit_price = 15 AND quantity > 1 AND p.product_id = o.product_id Plan hash value: 1553478007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | | | | |* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 13 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 24 | 2061K| 2061K| 413K (0)| |* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| ORDER_ITEMS | 1 | 13 | 13 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | | | | | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| PRODUCT_INFORMATION | 1 | 288 | 288 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note ----- - statistics feedback used for this statement SQL> select count(*) from v$SQL where SQL_ID='cz0hg2zkvd10y'; COUNT(*) ---------- 2 SQL>select sql_ID,USE_FEEDBACK_STATS FROM V$SQL_SHARED_CURSOR where USE_FEEDBACK_STATS ='Y'; SQL_ID U ------------- - cz0hg2zkvd10y Y ????????Cardinality feedback????,???????????????????????????,????????????order_items???????? ????2??????plan hash value??(??????????),?????2????child cursor??????gather_plan_statistics???actual : A-ROWS  estimate :E-ROWS????????? Automatic Re-optimization ???dynamic plan, Re-optimization???????????????  ?  ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????  ???????????,??????????????, ???????????????????? ???????????  Re-optimization??, ????????????????????? Re-optimization????dynamic plan??????????  dynamic plan????????????????????, ???????????????????? ????,??????????join order ??????????????,?????????????join order????? ??????,????????Re-optimization, ??Re-optimization ??????????????????? ?Oracle database 12c?,join statistics?????????????????????,??????????????????????Re-optimization???????????adaptive cursor sharing????? ????????????????,???????????? ????? ???????statistics collectors ????????????????????Re-optimization??????2?????????????,???????????????? ??????????????Re-optimization?????,?????????????????????? ???v$SQL??????IS_REOPTIMIZABLE?????????????????????Re-optimization,??????????Re-optimization???,?????Re-optimization ,???????reporting????? IS_REOPTIMIZABLE VARCHAR2(1) This columns shows whether the next execution matching this child cursor will trigger a reoptimization. The values are:   Y: If the next execution will trigger a reoptimization R: If the child cursor contains reoptimization information, but will not trigger reoptimization because the cursor was compiled in reporting mode N: If the child cursor has no reoptimization information ??1: select plan_table_output from table (dbms_xplan.display_cursor('gwf99gfnm0t7g',NULL,'ALLSTATS LAST')); SQL_ID  gwf99gfnm0t7g, child number 0 ------------------------------------- SELECT /*+ SFTEST gather_plan_statistics */ o.order_id, v.product_name FROM  orders o,   ( SELECT order_id, product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p     WHERE  p.product_id = o.product_id AND list_price < 50 AND min_price < 40  ) v WHERE o.order_id = v.order_id Plan hash value: 1906736282 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id  | Operation             | Name                | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers | Reads  |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT      |                     |      1 |        |    269 |00:00:00.02 |    1336 |     18 |       |       |          | |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS         |                     |      1 |      1 |    269 |00:00:00.02 |    1336 |     18 |       |       |          | |   2 |   MERGE JOIN CARTESIAN|                     |      1 |      4 |   9135 |00:00:00.02 |      34 |     15 |       |       |          | |*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL  | PRODUCT_INFORMATION |      1 |      1 |     87 |00:00:00.01 |      33 |     14 |       |       |          | |   4 |    BUFFER SORT        |                     |     87 |    105 |   9135 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |      1 |  4096 |  4096 | 4096  (0)| |   5 |     INDEX FULL SCAN   | ORDER_PK            |      1 |    105 |    105 |00:00:00.01 |       1 |      1 |       |       |          | |*  6 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN   | ORDER_ITEMS_UK      |   9135 |      1 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |    1302 |      3 |       |       |          | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): ---------------------------------------------------    3 - filter(("MIN_PRICE"<40 AND "LIST_PRICE"<50))    6 - access("O"."ORDER_ID"="ORDER_ID" AND "P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID") SQL_ID  gwf99gfnm0t7g, child number 1 ------------------------------------- SELECT /*+ SFTEST gather_plan_statistics */ o.order_id, v.product_name FROM  orders o,   ( SELECT order_id, product_name FROM order_items o, product_information p     WHERE  p.product_id = o.product_id AND list_price < 50 AND min_price < 40  ) v WHERE o.order_id = v.order_id Plan hash value: 35479787 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id  | Operation              | Name                | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |   A-Time   | Buffers | Reads  |  OMem |  1Mem | Used-Mem | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |   0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |                     |      1 |        |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      63 |      3 |       |       |          | |   1 |  NESTED LOOPS          |                     |      1 |    269 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      63 |      3 |       |       |          | |*  2 |   HASH JOIN            |                     |      1 |    313 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      42 |      3 |  1321K|  1321K| 1234K (0)| |*  3 |    TABLE ACCESS FULL   | PRODUCT_INFORMATION |      1 |     87 |     87 |00:00:00.01 |      16 |      0 |       |       |          | |   4 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ORDER_ITEMS_UK      |      1 |    665 |    665 |00:00:00.01 |      26 |      3 |       |       |          | |*  5 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN    | ORDER_PK            |    269 |      1 |    269 |00:00:00.01 |      21 |      0 |       |       |          | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): ---------------------------------------------------    2 - access("P"."PRODUCT_ID"="O"."PRODUCT_ID")    3 - filter(("MIN_PRICE"<40 AND "LIST_PRICE"<50))    5 - access("O"."ORDER_ID"="ORDER_ID") Note -----    - statistics feedback used for this statement    SQL> select IS_REOPTIMIZABLE,child_number FROM V$SQL  A where A.SQL_ID='gwf99gfnm0t7g'; IS CHILD_NUMBER -- ------------ Y             0 N             1    1* select child_number,other_xml From v$SQL_PLAN  where SQL_ID='gwf99gfnm0t7g' and other_xml is not nul SQL> / CHILD_NUMBER OTHER_XML ------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------            1 <other_xml><info type="cardinality_feedback">yes</info><info type="db_version">1              2.1.0.1</info><info type="parse_schema"><![CDATA["OE"]]></info><info type="plan_              hash">35479787</info><info type="plan_hash_2">3382491761</info><outline_data><hi              nt><![CDATA[IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OPTIMIZER_FEATUR              ES_ENABLE('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[DB_VERSION('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><h              int><![CDATA[ALL_ROWS]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$F5BB74E1")]]></              hint><hint><![CDATA[MERGE(@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$1")]]>              </hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[FULL(@"SEL$F5BB7              4E1" "P"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[INDEX_FFS(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2"              ("ORDER_ITEMS"."ORDER_ID" "ORDER_ITEMS"."PRODUCT_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[I              NDEX(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$1" ("ORDERS"."ORDER_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[              LEADING(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "P"@"SEL$2" "O"@"SEL$2" "O"@"SEL$1")]]></hint><hint><![C              DATA[USE_HASH(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[USE_NL(@"SEL$              F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$1")]]></hint></outline_data></other_xml>            0 <other_xml><info type="db_version">12.1.0.1</info><info type="parse_schema"><![C              DATA["OE"]]></info><info type="plan_hash">1906736282</info><info type="plan_hash              _2">2579473118</info><outline_data><hint><![CDATA[IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS]]>              </hint><hint><![CDATA[OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><hint><![CD              ATA[DB_VERSION('12.1.0.1')]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[ALL_ROWS]]></hint><hint><![CD              ATA[OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$F5BB74E1")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[MERGE(@"SEL$2")]]></hi              nt><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$1")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[OUTLINE(@"SEL$2")]]>              </hint><hint><![CDATA[FULL(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "P"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[              INDEX(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$1" ("ORDERS"."ORDER_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA              [INDEX(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2" ("ORDER_ITEMS"."ORDER_ID" "ORDER_ITEMS"."PROD              UCT_ID"))]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[LEADING(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "P"@"SEL$2" "O"@"SEL$1              " "O"@"SEL$2")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[USE_MERGE_CARTESIAN(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"              SEL$1")]]></hint><hint><![CDATA[USE_NL(@"SEL$F5BB74E1" "O"@"SEL$2")]]></hint></o              utline_data></other_xml> ??2: SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * FROM customers WHERE cust_state_province='CA' AND country_id='US'; SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(FORMAT=>'ALLSTATS LAST')); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT ------------------------------------- SQL_ID b74nw722wjvy3, child number 0 ------------------------------------- select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * from customers where CUST_STATE_PROVINCE='CA' and country_id='US' Plan hash value: 1683234692 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | 14 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| CUSTOMERS | 1 | 8 | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | 14 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(("CUST_STATE_PROVINCE"='CA' AND "COUNTRY_ID"='US')) SELECT SQL_ID, CHILD_NUMBER, SQL_TEXT, IS_REOPTIMIZABLE FROM V$SQL WHERE SQL_TEXT LIKE 'SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/%'; SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER SQL_TEXT I ------------- ------------ ----------- - b74nw722wjvy3 0 select /*+g Y ather_plan_ statistics* / * from cu stomers whe re CUST_STA TE_PROVINCE ='CA' and c ountry_id=' US' EXEC DBMS_SPD.FLUSH_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVE; SELECT TO_CHAR(d.DIRECTIVE_ID) dir_id, o.OWNER, o.OBJECT_NAME, o.SUBOBJECT_NAME col_name, o.OBJECT_TYPE, d.TYPE, d.STATE, d.REASON FROM DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES d, DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIR_OBJECTS o WHERE d.DIRECTIVE_ID=o.DIRECTIVE_ID AND o.OWNER IN ('SH') ORDER BY 1,2,3,4,5; DIR_ID OWNER OBJECT_NAME COL_NAME OBJECT TYPE STATE REASON ----------------------- ----- ------------- ----------- ------ ---------------- ----- ------------------------ 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS COUNTRY_ID COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS CUST_STATE_ COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY PROVINCE MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS TABLE DYNAMIC_SAMPLING NEW SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * FROM customers WHERE cust_state_province='CA' AND country_id='US'; ELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(FORMAT=>'ALLSTATS LAST')); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT ------------------------------------- SQL_ID b74nw722wjvy3, child number 1 ------------------------------------- select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ * from customers where CUST_STATE_PROVINCE='CA' and country_id='US' Plan hash value: 1683234692 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| CUSTOMERS | 1 | 29 | 29 |00:00:00.01 | 17 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(("CUST_STATE_PROVINCE"='CA' AND "COUNTRY_ID"='US')) Note ----- - cardinality feedback used for this statement SELECT SQL_ID, CHILD_NUMBER, SQL_TEXT, IS_REOPTIMIZABLE FROM V$SQL WHERE SQL_TEXT LIKE 'SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/%'; SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER SQL_TEXT I ------------- ------------ ----------- - b74nw722wjvy3 0 select /*+g Y ather_plan_ statistics* / * from cu stomers whe re CUST_STA TE_PROVINCE ='CA' and c ountry_id=' US' b74nw722wjvy3 1 select /*+g N ather_plan_ statistics* / * from cu stomers whe re CUST_STA TE_PROVINCE ='CA' and c ountry_id=' US' SELECT /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ CUST_EMAIL FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE CUST_STATE_PROVINCE='MA' AND COUNTRY_ID='US'; SELECT * FROM TABLE(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(FORMAT=>'ALLSTATS LAST')); PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT ------------------------------------- SQL_ID 3tk6hj3nkcs2u, child number 0 ------------------------------------- Select /*+gather_plan_statistics*/ cust_email From customers Where cust_state_province='MA' And country_id='US' Plan hash value: 1683234692 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |Id | Operation | Name | Starts|E-Rows|A-Rows| A-Time |Buffers| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | | 2 |00:00:00.01| 16 | |*1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| CUSTOMERS | 1 | 2| 2 |00:00:00.01| 16 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Predicate Information (identified by operation id): --------------------------------------------------- 1 - filter(("CUST_STATE_PROVINCE"='MA' AND "COUNTRY_ID"='US')) Note ----- - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2) - 1 Sql Plan Directive used for this statement EXEC DBMS_SPD.FLUSH_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVE; SELECT TO_CHAR(d.DIRECTIVE_ID) dir_id, o.OWNER, o.OBJECT_NAME, o.SUBOBJECT_NAME col_name, o.OBJECT_TYPE, d.TYPE, d.STATE, d.REASON FROM DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIRECTIVES d, DBA_SQL_PLAN_DIR_OBJECTS o WHERE d.DIRECTIVE_ID=o.DIRECTIVE_ID AND o.OWNER IN ('SH') ORDER BY 1,2,3,4,5; DIR_ID OW OBJECT_NA COL_NAME OBJECT TYPE STATE REASON ------------------- -- --------- ---------- ------- --------------- ------------- ------------------------ 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS COUNTRY_ID COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING MISSING_STATS SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS CUST_STATE_ COLUMN DYNAMIC_SAMPLING MISSING_STATS SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY PROVINCE MISESTIMATE 1484026771529551585 SH CUSTOMERS TABLE DYNAMIC_SAMPLING MISSING_STATS SINGLE TABLE CARDINALITY MISESTIMATE

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• What can lead to a zone memory exhaustion and how Nginx reacts to it?

  - by Miles Hughes

  What is a possible scenario for exhausting the memory designated to a connection zone with limit_conn_zone directive and what are the implication in this case? Suppose I have this in my configuration: http { limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=connzone:1m; ... server { limit_conn connzone 5; which, according to the documentation, allocates 16000 states for connzone on a 64-bit server. It also says that If the storage for a zone is exhausted, the server will return error 503 (Service Temporarily Unavailable) to all further requests. Well, Ok. But what does it mean on practice? When does this happen? Who receives those 503s? Does it mean that if the number of IPs somehow associated with connzone hits 16000 everyone gets a 503 and it's all over? How does Nginx decide? The documentation is weirdly vague on this. So, considering the example config, who would actually get a 503 and under which circumstances and how would things go from there? Same with request zones?

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• Hard drive degredation from large memory usage and paging files?

  - by Stephen R

  I've had a question(s) regarding computer degradation going through my head for a while and haven't found many good resources for researching it. 1) First off, when is the virtual RAM/paging file on a hard drive used by Windows? Is it used when the RAM is full? Or does it use the Virtual RAM/paging file as intermediate caching between the RAM and actual hard drive space all the time? 2) If I were to run many applications on my computer at the same time and have a bad habit of doing this for the entire lifetime of the computer, does it use more of the virtual RAM/paging file than if I were to have fewer programs running? Just to note, the RAM never fills up on my computer but it is used heavily. 3) By extension of question 2, if the virtual RAM/paging file is used more heavily, would that result in rapid hard drive degradation? I have seen a pattern among all of the computers that I have owned or used in the past 5 years. I am the kind of person to leave my web browser up with 40 tabs among other programs which will eat up 40% of my memory typically. Over time my computer will slow down, browsers start crashing, programs start seizing up or crashing themselves, eventually the computer becomes essentially unusable. I have been trying to rack my mind to come up with a solution other than to purchase a new PC to have it die on me in the next couple years as well. This is the only thought that has come to mind that might have a simple hardware fix...Windows ReadyBoost...Maybe? I'd like to be able to discuss this so I can learn something about all of the above. Thanks.

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• Nginx , Apache , Mysql , Memcache with server 4G ram. How optimize to enought memory?

  - by TomSawyer

  i have 1 dedicated server with Nginx proxy for Apache. Memcache, mysql, 4G Ram. These day, my visitor on my site wasn't increased, but my server get overload always in some specified time. (9AM - 15PM) Ram in use is increased second by second to full. that's moment, my server will get overload. i have to kill all apache , mysql service and reboot it to get free memory. that's the circle. here is my ram in use at the moment 160(nginx) 220(apache) 512(memcache) 924(mysql) here's process number 4(nginx) 14(apache) 5(memcache) 20(mysql) and here's my my.cnf config. someone can help me to optimize it? [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql skip-locking skip-networking skip-name-resolve # enable log-slow-queries log-slow-queries = /var/log/mysql-slow-queries.log long_query_time=3 max_connections=200 wait_timeout=64 connect_timeout = 10 interactive_timeout = 25 thread_stack = 512K max_allowed_packet=16M table_cache=1500 read_buffer_size=4M join_buffer_size=4M sort_buffer_size=4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M max_heap_table_size=256M tmp_table_size=256M thread_cache=256 query_cache_type=1 query_cache_limit=4M query_cache_size=16M thread_concurrency=8 myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet=16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [isamchk] key_buffer=256M sort_buffer=256M read_buffer=64M write_buffer=64M [myisamchk] key_buffer=256M sort_buffer=256M read_buffer=64M write_buffer=64M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysql.server] user=mysql basedir=/var/lib [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

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• Killing a process which ran for a lot of time or is using a lot of memory

  - by Vedant Terkar

  I am not sure whether this question belong to Stack Overflow or here, but here we go. I am designing a online 'C' compiler, which will compile and invoke the program if compilation succeeded. So here is code which I am using for that: $str=shell_exec("gcc path/to/file.c -o path/to/file.exe 2>&1"); if(file_exists("path/to/file.exe")){ $res=shell_exec("path/to/file.exe <inputfile 2>&1"); echo $res; } This Seems to work fine with simple program files. But When file.c That is the source code entered contains Infinite loop then This script crashes the server and utilizes a lot of memory and time. So here is my question: Is There any way to detect for how much time does the process file.exe is Running? How Much Space is Utilized by that process that is file.exe? Is There any way to kill the process file.exe if space and time utilization increases beyond certain limit? That Mean if we allocate time of 2.5sec and space of 40Mb at max for that process file.exe and if any one of those 2 constraints is violated then we should display appropriate error message to client Is it possible? I am Using WAMP (Windows 7).

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• How to solve "java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory" calling Runtime#exec()?

  - by Andrea Francia

  On my system I can't run a simple Java application that start a process. I don't know how to solve. Could you give me some hints how to solve? The program is: [root@newton sisma-acquirer]# cat prova.java import java.io.IOException; public class prova { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ls"); } } The result is: [root@newton sisma-acquirer]# javac prova.java && java -cp . prova Exception in thread "main" java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "ls": java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:474) at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:610) at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:448) at java.lang.Runtime.exec(Runtime.java:345) at prova.main(prova.java:6) Caused by: java.io.IOException: java.io.IOException: error=12, Cannot allocate memory at java.lang.UNIXProcess.<init>(UNIXProcess.java:164) at java.lang.ProcessImpl.start(ProcessImpl.java:81) at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:467) ... 4 more Configuration of the system: [root@newton sisma-acquirer]# java -version java version "1.6.0_0" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea6 1.5) (fedora-18.b16.fc10-i386) OpenJDK Client VM (build 14.0-b15, mixed mode) [root@newton sisma-acquirer]# cat /etc/fedora-release Fedora release 10 (Cambridge) EDIT: Solution This solves my problem, I don't know exactly why: echo 0 /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory Up-votes for who is able to explain :) Additional informations, top output: top - 13:35:38 up 40 min, 2 users, load average: 0.43, 0.19, 0.12 Tasks: 129 total, 1 running, 128 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.5%us, 0.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 94.8%id, 3.2%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1033456k total, 587672k used, 445784k free, 51672k buffers Swap: 2031608k total, 0k used, 2031608k free, 188108k cached Additional informations, free output: [root@newton sisma-acquirer]# free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1033456 588548 444908 0 51704 188292 -/+ buffers/cache: 348552 684904 Swap: 2031608 0 2031608

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• Why my UTableView with style UITableViewStyleGrouped is consuming memory?

  - by prathumca

  Hello everyone, Currently in my app, I'm using an UITableView with style UITableViewStyleGrouped as shown below. CGRect imgFrame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 650); UITableView *myTable = [[UITableView alloc] initWithFrame:imgFrame style:UITableViewStyleGrouped]; myTable.dataSource = self; myTable.delegate = self; //make the current object the event handler for view [self.view addSubview:myTable]; [myTable release]; And the data has stored in an array "dataArray". dataArray has collection of arrays, where each array represent a section. Currently I have only one section with 100 records. When I installed my app onto my IPhone, I observed that this UITableView is consuming 20 MB of IPhone memory. If I changed the table view style to "UITableViewStylePlain", then it is consuming only 4MB of memory. I'm trying to figure it out, where is the exact problem, but not. What was wrong with "UITableViewStyleGrouped"? Regards, prathumca.

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• _dl_runtime_resolve -- When do the shared objects get loaded in to memory?

  - by windfinder

  We have a message processing system with high performance demands. Recently we have noticed that the first message takes many times longer then subsequent messages. A bunch of transformation and message augmentation happens as this goes through our system, much of it done by way of external lib. I just profiled this issue (using callgrind), comparing a "run" of just one message with a "run" of many messages (providing a baseline of comparison). The main difference I see is the function "do_lookup_x" taking up a huge amount of time. Looking at the various calls to this function, they all seem to be called by the common function: _dl_runtime_resolve. Not sure what this function does, but to me this looks like the first time the various shared libraries are being used, and are then being loaded in to memory by the ld. Is this a correct assumption? That the binary will not load the shared libraries in to memory until they are being prepped for use, therefore we will see a massive slowdown on the first message, but on none of the subsequent? How do we go about avoiding this? Note: We operate on the microsecond scale.

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• Is there a way to programmatically tell if particular block of memory was not freed by FastMM?

  - by Wodzu

  I am trying to detect if a block of memory was not freed. Of course, the manager tells me that by dialog box or log file, but what if I would like to store results in a database? For example I would like to have in a database table a names of routines which allocated given blocks. After reading a documentation of FastMM I know that since version 4.98 we have a possibility to be notified by manager about memory allocations, frees and reallocations as they occur. For example OnDebugFreeMemFinish event is passing to us a PFullDebugBlockHeader which contains useful informations. There is one thing that PFullDebugBlockHeader is missing - the information if the given block was freed by the application. Unless OnDebugFreeMemFinish is called only for not freed blocks? This is which I do not know and would like to find out. The problem is that even hooking into OnDebugFreeMemFinish event I was unable to find out if the block was freed or not. Here is an example: program MemLeakTest; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} uses FastMM4, ExceptionLog, SysUtils; procedure MemFreeEvent(APHeaderFreedBlock: PFullDebugBlockHeader; AResult: Integer); begin //This is executed at the end, but how should I know that this block should be freed //by application? Unless this is executed ONLY for not freed blocks. end; procedure Leak; var MyObject: TObject; begin MyObject := TObject.Create; end; begin OnDebugFreeMemFinish := MemFreeEvent; Leak; end. What I am missing is the callback like: procedure OnMemoryLeak(APointer: PFullDebugBlockHeader); After browsing the source of FastMM I saw that there is a procedure: procedure LogMemoryLeakOrAllocatedBlock(APointer: PFullDebugBlockHeader; IsALeak: Boolean); which could be overriden, but maybe there is an easier way?

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• Question about memory allocation when initializing char arrays in C/C++.

  - by Carlos Nunez

  Before anything, I apologize if this question has been asked before. I am programming a simple packet sniffer for a class project. For a little while, I ran into the issue where the source and destination of a packet appeared to be the same. For example, the source and destination of an Ethernet frame would be the same MAC address all of the time. I custom-made ether_ntoa(char *) because Windows does not seem to have ethernet.h like Linux does. Code snippet is below: char *ether_ntoa(u_char etheraddr[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]) { int i, j; char eout[32]; for(i = 0, j = 0; i < 5; i++) { eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] >> 4; eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] & 0xF; eout[j++] = ':'; } eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] >> 4; eout[j++] = etheraddr[i] & 0xF; eout[j++] = '\0'; for(i = 0; i < 17; i++) { if(eout[i] < 10) eout[i] += 0x30; else if(eout[i] < 16) eout[i] += 0x57; } return(eout); } I solved the problem by using malloc() to have the compiler assign memory (i.e. instead of char eout[32], I used char * eout; eout = (char *) malloc (32);). However, I thought that the compiler assigned different memory locations when one sized a char-array at compile time. Is this incorrect? Thanks! Carlos Nunez

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• How to store an interger value of 4 bytes in a memory of chunk which is malloced as type char

  - by Adi

  Dear all, Hello Guys!! This is my first post in the forum . I am really looking forward to having good fun in this site. My question is : int mem_size = 10; char *start_ptr; if((start_ptr= malloc(mem_size*1024*1024*sizeof(char)))==NULL) {return -1;} I have allocated a chunk of memory of type char and size is say 10 MB (i.e mem_size = 10 ); Now I want to store the size information in the header of the memory chunk, To make myself more clear Lets Say : start_ptr = 0xaf868004 (This is the value I got from my execution, it changes every time) Now I want to put the size information in the start of this pointer.. i.e *start_ptr = mem_size*1024*1024; But I am not able to put this information in the start_ptr. I think the reason is because my ptr is of type char which only takes one byte but I am trying to store int which takes 4 bytes, is the problem . I am not sure how to fix this problem.. I would greatly appreciate your suggestions. Cheers!! Aditya

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• How much is too much memory allocation in NDK?

  - by Maximus

  The NDK download page notes that, "Typical good candidates for the NDK are self-contained, CPU-intensive operations that don't allocate much memory, such as signal processing, physics simulation, and so on." I came from a C background and was excited to try to use the NDK to operate most of my OpenGL ES functions and any native functions related to physics, animation of vertices, etc... I'm finding that I'm relying quite a bit on Native code and wondering if I may be making some mistakes. I've had no trouble with testing at this point, but I'm curious if I may run into problems in the future. For example, I have game struct defined (somewhat like is seen in the San-Angeles example). I'm loading vertex information for objects dynamically (just what is needed for an active game area) so there's quite a bit of memory allocation happening for vertices, normals, texture coordinates, indices and texture graphic data... just to name the essentials. I'm quite careful about freeing what is allocated between game areas. Would I be safer setting some caps on array sizes or should I charge bravely forward as I'm going now?

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• CArray doesn't call copy constructors on memory reallocations, now what?

  - by MMx

  Suppose I have a class that requires copy constructor to be called to make a correct copy of: struct CWeird { CWeird() { number = 47; target = &number; } CWeird(const CWeird &other) : number(other.number), target(&number) { } void output() { printf("%d %d\n", *target, number); } int *target, number; }; Now the trouble is that CArray doesn't call copy constructors on its elements when reallocating memory (only memcpy from the old memory to the new), e.g. this code CArray<CWeird> a; a.SetSize(1); a[0].output(); a.SetSize(2); a[0].output(); results in 47 47 -572662307 47 I don't get this. Why is it that std::vector can copy the same objects properly and CArray can't? What's the lesson here? Should I use only classes that don't require explicit copy constructors? Or is it a bad idea to use CArray for anything serious?

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• VMWare Server :: VM set to 2gb RAM but vmware process shows 100mb physical, 1900mb virtual

  - by brad

  I've set up a VMWare instance to run CastIron Integration Appliance. I allocated 2gb of memory to the instance, assuming it would take this as physical memory (my server has 8gb total). When I view top however on the server, the vmware-vmx process has about 100m Resident memory and 1900m Virtual. Running CastIron it reports that the appliance often hits 50% memory usage. Does this mean I'm using 900mb of harddrive space as memory? I wanted VMWare to use 2gb of physical memory, no swap. Can anyone tell me how to achieve this? Setup Debian Lenny 5.0.3 VMWare Server 2.0.2

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• Cannot SSH anymore, what went wrong?

  - by lbwtz2

  I use to ssh to a remote server (no rsa-key, just password). Now the server do not accept the connection any more and throw me this error: ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host While I can google a little to find a fix I can't figure out what went wrong since I haven't touched anything on the machine since last login. Can you help me find the cause? EDIT: Inspecting the logs I've found these: /var/auth.log /var/log/auth.log:Dec 26 16:40:32 vps sshd[15567]: error: fork: Cannot allocate memory /var/log/auth.log:Dec 26 16:41:05 vps sshd[15567]: error: fork: Cannot allocate memory /var/log/auth.log:Dec 26 16:43:47 vps sshd[15567]: error: fork: Cannot allocate memory /var/log/auth.log:Dec 27 03:20:06 vps sshd[15567]: error: fork: Cannot allocate memory /var/log/auth.log:Dec 27 16:15:02 vps sshd[15567]: error: fork: Cannot allocate memory And in the same span-time I've also found a lot of these: /var/log/auth.log:Dec 26 13:00:01 vps CRON[1716]: PAM unable to dlopen(/lib/security/pam_unix.so): libcrypt.so.1: cannot map zero-fill pages: Cannot allocate memory /var/log/auth.log:Dec 26 13:00:01 vps CRON[1716]: PAM adding faulty module: /lib/security/pam_unix.so What are these?

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• 10 Windows Tweaking Myths Debunked

  - by Chris Hoffman

  Windows is big, complicated, and misunderstood. You’ll still stumble across bad advice from time to time when browsing the web. These Windows tweaking, performance, and system maintenance tips are mostly just useless, but some are actively harmful. Luckily, most of these myths have been stomped out on mainstream sites and forums. However, if you start searching the web, you’ll still find websites that recommend you do these things. Erase Cache Files Regularly to Speed Things Up You can free up disk space by running an application like CCleaner, another temporary-file-cleaning utility, or even the Windows Disk Cleanup tool. In some cases, you may even see an old computer speed up when you erase a large amount of useless files. However, running CCleaner or similar utilities every day to erase your browser’s cache won’t actually speed things up. It will slow down your web browsing as your web browser is forced to redownload the files all over again, and reconstruct the cache you regularly delete. If you’ve installed CCleaner or a similar program and run it every day with the default settings, you’re actually slowing down your web browsing. Consider at least preventing the program from wiping out your web browser cache. Enable ReadyBoost to Speed Up Modern PCs Windows still prompts you to enable ReadyBoost when you insert a USB stick or memory card. On modern computers, this is completely pointless — ReadyBoost won’t actually speed up your computer if you have at least 1 GB of RAM. If you have a very old computer with a tiny amount of RAM — think 512 MB — ReadyBoost may help a bit. Otherwise, don’t bother. Open the Disk Defragmenter and Manually Defragment On Windows 98, users had to manually open the defragmentation tool and run it, ensuring no other applications were using the hard drive while it did its work. Modern versions of Windows are capable of defragmenting your file system while other programs are using it, and they automatically defragment your disks for you. If you’re still opening the Disk Defragmenter every week and clicking the Defragment button, you don’t need to do this — Windows is doing it for you unless you’ve told it not to run on a schedule. Modern computers with solid-state drives don’t have to be defragmented at all. Disable Your Pagefile to Increase Performance When Windows runs out of empty space in RAM, it swaps out data from memory to a pagefile on your hard disk. If a computer doesn’t have much memory and it’s running slow, it’s probably moving data to the pagefile or reading data from it. Some Windows geeks seem to think that the pagefile is bad for system performance and disable it completely. The argument seems to be that Windows can’t be trusted to manage a pagefile and won’t use it intelligently, so the pagefile needs to be removed. As long as you have enough RAM, it’s true that you can get by without a pagefile. However, if you do have enough RAM, Windows will only use the pagefile rarely anyway. Tests have found that disabling the pagefile offers no performance benefit. Enable CPU Cores in MSConfig Some websites claim that Windows may not be using all of your CPU cores or that you can speed up your boot time by increasing the amount of cores used during boot. They direct you to the MSConfig application, where you can indeed select an option that appears to increase the amount of cores used. In reality, Windows always uses the maximum amount of processor cores your CPU has. (Technically, only one core is used at the beginning of the boot process, but the additional cores are quickly activated.) Leave this option unchecked. It’s just a debugging option that allows you to set a maximum number of cores, so it would be useful if you wanted to force Windows to only use a single core on a multi-core system — but all it can do is restrict the amount of cores used. Clean Your Prefetch To Increase Startup Speed Windows watches the programs you run and creates .pf files in its Prefetch folder for them. The Prefetch feature works as a sort of cache — when you open an application, Windows checks the Prefetch folder, looks at the application’s .pf file (if it exists), and uses that as a guide to start preloading data that the application will use. This helps your applications start faster. Some Windows geeks have misunderstood this feature. They believe that Windows loads these files at boot, so your boot time will slow down due to Windows preloading the data specified in the .pf files. They also argue you’ll build up useless files as you uninstall programs and .pf files will be left over. In reality, Windows only loads the data in these .pf files when you launch the associated application and only stores .pf files for the 128 most recently launched programs. If you were to regularly clean out the Prefetch folder, not only would programs take longer to open because they won’t be preloaded, Windows will have to waste time recreating all the .pf files. You could also modify the PrefetchParameters setting to disable Prefetch, but there’s no reason to do that. Let Windows manage Prefetch on its own. Disable QoS To Increase Network Bandwidth Quality of Service (QoS) is a feature that allows your computer to prioritize its traffic. For example, a time-critical application like Skype could choose to use QoS and prioritize its traffic over a file-downloading program so your voice conversation would work smoothly, even while you were downloading files. Some people incorrectly believe that QoS always reserves a certain amount of bandwidth and this bandwidth is unused until you disable it. This is untrue. In reality, 100% of bandwidth is normally available to all applications unless a program chooses to use QoS. Even if a program does choose to use QoS, the reserved space will be available to other programs unless the program is actively using it. No bandwidth is ever set aside and left empty. Set DisablePagingExecutive to Make Windows Faster The DisablePagingExecutive registry setting is set to 0 by default, which allows drivers and system code to be paged to the disk. When set to 1, drivers and system code will be forced to stay resident in memory. Once again, some people believe that Windows isn’t smart enough to manage the pagefile on its own and believe that changing this option will force Windows to keep important files in memory rather than stupidly paging them out. If you have more than enough memory, changing this won’t really do anything. If you have little memory, changing this setting may force Windows to push programs you’re using to the page file rather than push unused system files there — this would slow things down. This is an option that may be helpful for debugging in some situations, not a setting to change for more performance. Process Idle Tasks to Free Memory Windows does things, such as creating scheduled system restore points, when you step away from your computer. It waits until your computer is “idle” so it won’t slow your computer and waste your time while you’re using it. Running the “Rundll32.exe advapi32.dll,ProcessIdleTasks” command forces Windows to perform all of these tasks while you’re using the computer. This is completely pointless and won’t help free memory or anything like that — all you’re doing is forcing Windows to slow your computer down while you’re using it. This command only exists so benchmarking programs can force idle tasks to run before performing benchmarks, ensuring idle tasks don’t start running and interfere with the benchmark. Delay or Disable Windows Services There’s no real reason to disable Windows services anymore. There was a time when Windows was particularly heavy and computers had little memory — think Windows Vista and those “Vista Capable” PCs Microsoft was sued over. Modern versions of Windows like Windows 7 and 8 are lighter than Windows Vista and computers have more than enough memory, so you won’t see any improvements from disabling system services included with Windows. Some people argue for not disabling services, however — they recommend setting services from “Automatic” to “Automatic (Delayed Start)”. By default, the Delayed Start option just starts services two minutes after the last “Automatic” service starts. Setting services to Delayed Start won’t really speed up your boot time, as the services will still need to start — in fact, it may lengthen the time it takes to get a usable desktop as services will still be loading two minutes after booting. Most services can load in parallel, and loading the services as early as possible will result in a better experience. The “Delayed Start” feature is primarily useful for system administrators who need to ensure a specific service starts later than another service. If you ever find a guide that recommends you set a little-known registry setting to improve performance, take a closer look — the change is probably useless. Want to actually speed up your PC? Try disabling useless startup programs that run on boot, increasing your boot time and consuming memory in the background. This is a much better tip than doing any of the above, especially considering most Windows PCs come packed to the brim with bloatware.     

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