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  • How to get the list of price offers on an item from Amazon with python-amazon-product-api item_looku

    - by miernik
    I am trying to write a function to get a list of offers (their prices) for an item based on the ASIN: def price_offers(asin): from amazonproduct import API, ResultPaginator, AWSError from config import AWS_KEY, SECRET_KEY api = API(AWS_KEY, SECRET_KEY, 'de') str_asin = str(asin) node = api.item_lookup(id=str_asin, ResponseGroup='Offers', Condition='All', MerchantId='All') for a in node: print a.Offer.OfferListing.Price.FormattedPrice I am reading http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSECommerceService/latest/DG/index.html?ItemLookup.html and trying to make this work, but all the time it just says: Failure instance: Traceback: <type 'exceptions.AttributeError'>: no such child: {http://webservices.amazon.com/AWSECommerceService/2009-10-01}Offer

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  • Python: Recursively access dict via attributes as well as index access?

    - by Luke Stanley
    I'd like to be able to do something like this: from dotDict import dotdictify life = {'bigBang': {'stars': {'planets': [] } } } dotdictify(life) #this would be the regular way: life['bigBang']['stars']['planets'] = {'earth': {'singleCellLife': {} }} #But how can we make this work? life.bigBang.stars.planets.earth = {'singleCellLife': {} } #Also creating new child objects if none exist, using the following syntax life.bigBang.stars.planets.earth.multiCellLife = {'reptiles':{},'mammals':{}} My motivations are to improve the succinctness of the code, and if possible use similar syntax to Javascript for accessing JSON objects for efficient cross platform development.(I also use Py2JS and similar.)

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  • How do I print out objects in an array in python?

    - by Jonathan
    I'm writing a code which performs a k-means clustering on a set of data. I'm actually using the code from a book called collective intelligence by O'Reilly. Everything works, but in his code he uses the command line and i want to write everything in notepad++. As a reference his line is >>>kclust=clusters.kcluster(data,k=10) >>>[rownames[r] for r in k[0]] Here is my code: from PIL import Image,ImageDraw def readfile(filename): lines=[line for line in file(filename)] # First line is the column titles colnames=lines[0].strip( ).split('\t')[1:] rownames=[] data=[] for line in lines[1:]: p=line.strip( ).split('\t') # First column in each row is the rowname rownames.append(p[0]) # The data for this row is the remainder of the row data.append([float(x) for x in p[1:]]) return rownames,colnames,data from math import sqrt def pearson(v1,v2): # Simple sums sum1=sum(v1) sum2=sum(v2) # Sums of the squares sum1Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v1]) sum2Sq=sum([pow(v,2) for v in v2]) # Sum of the products pSum=sum([v1[i]*v2[i] for i in range(len(v1))]) # Calculate r (Pearson score) num=pSum-(sum1*sum2/len(v1)) den=sqrt((sum1Sq-pow(sum1,2)/len(v1))*(sum2Sq-pow(sum2,2)/len(v1))) if den==0: return 0 return 1.0-num/den class bicluster: def __init__(self,vec,left=None,right=None,distance=0.0,id=None): self.left=left self.right=right self.vec=vec self.id=id self.distance=distance def hcluster(rows,distance=pearson): distances={} currentclustid=-1 # Clusters are initially just the rows clust=[bicluster(rows[i],id=i) for i in range(len(rows))] while len(clust)>1: lowestpair=(0,1) closest=distance(clust[0].vec,clust[1].vec) # loop through every pair looking for the smallest distance for i in range(len(clust)): for j in range(i+1,len(clust)): # distances is the cache of distance calculations if (clust[i].id,clust[j].id) not in distances: distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)]=distance(clust[i].vec,clust[j].vec) #print 'i' #print i #print #print 'j' #print j #print d=distances[(clust[i].id,clust[j].id)] if d<closest: closest=d lowestpair=(i,j) # calculate the average of the two clusters mergevec=[ (clust[lowestpair[0]].vec[i]+clust[lowestpair[1]].vec[i])/2.0 for i in range(len(clust[0].vec))] # create the new cluster newcluster=bicluster(mergevec,left=clust[lowestpair[0]], right=clust[lowestpair[1]], distance=closest,id=currentclustid) # cluster ids that weren't in the original set are negative currentclustid-=1 del clust[lowestpair[1]] del clust[lowestpair[0]] clust.append(newcluster) return clust[0] def kcluster(rows,distance=pearson,k=4): # Determine the minimum and maximum values for each point ranges=[(min([row[i] for row in rows]),max([row[i] for row in rows])) for i in range(len(rows[0]))] # Create k randomly placed centroids clusters=[[random.random( )*(ranges[i][1]-ranges[i][0])+ranges[i][0] for i in range(len(rows[0]))] for j in range(k)] lastmatches=None for t in range(100): print 'Iteration %d' % t bestmatches=[[] for i in range(k)] # Find which centroid is the closest for each row for j in range(len(rows)): row=rows[j] bestmatch=0 for i in range(k): d=distance(clusters[i],row) if d<distance(clusters[bestmatch],row): bestmatch=i bestmatches[bestmatch].append(j) # If the results are the same as last time, this is complete if bestmatches==lastmatches: break lastmatches=bestmatches # Move the centroids to the average of their members for i in range(k): avgs=[0.0]*len(rows[0]) if len(bestmatches[i])>0: for rowid in bestmatches[i]: for m in range(len(rows[rowid])): avgs[m]+=rows[rowid][m] for j in range(len(avgs)): avgs[j]/=len(bestmatches[i]) clusters[i]=avgs return bestmatches

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  • How do I format positional argument help using Python's optparse?

    - by cdleary
    As mentioned in the docs the optparse.OptionParser uses an IndentedHelpFormatter to output the formatted option help, for which which I found some API documentation. I want to display a similarly formatted help text for the required, positional arguments in the usage text. Is there an adapter or a simple usage pattern that can be used for similar positional argument formatting? Clarification Preferably only using the stdlib. Optparse does great except for this one formatting nuance, which I feel like we should be able to fix without importing whole other packages. :-)

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  • How to access a superclass's class attributes in Python?

    - by Brecht Machiels
    Have a look at the following code: class A(object): defaults = {'a': 1} def __getattr__(self, name): print('A.__getattr__') return self.get_default(name) @classmethod def get_default(cls, name): # some debug output print('A.get_default({}) - {}'.format(name, cls)) try: print(super(cls, cls).defaults) # as expected except AttributeError: #except for the base object class, of course pass # the actual function body try: return cls.defaults[name] except KeyError: return super(cls, cls).get_default(name) # infinite recursion #return cls.__mro__[1].get_default(name) # this works, though class B(A): defaults = {'b': 2} class C(B): defaults = {'c': 3} c = C() print('c.a =', c.a) I have a hierarchy of classes each with its own dictionary containing some default values. If an instance of a class doesn't have a particular attribute, a default value for it should be returned instead. If no default value for the attribute is contained in the current class's defaults dictionary, the superclass's defaults dictionary should be searched. I'm trying to implement this using the recursive class method get_default. The program gets stuck in an infinite recursion, unfortunately. My understanding of super() is obviously lacking. By accessing __mro__, I can get it to work properly though, but I'm not sure this is a proper solution. I have the feeling the answer is somewhere in this article, but I haven't been able to find it yet. Perhaps I need to resort to using a metaclass?

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  • How do I split filenames from paths using python?

    - by Rasputin Jones
    I have a list of files that look like this: Input /foo/bar/baz/d4dc7c496100e8ce0166e84699b4e267fe652faeb070db18c76669d1c6f69f92.mp4 /foo/baz/bar/60d24a24f19a6b6c1c4734e0f288720c9ce429bc41c2620d32e01e934bfcd344.mp4 /bar/baz/foo/cd53fe086717a9f6fecb1d0567f6d76e93c48d7790c55e83e83dd1c43251e40e.mp4 And I would like to split out the filenames from the path while retaining both. Output ['/foo/bar/baz/', 'd4dc7c496100e8ce0166e84699b4e267fe652faeb070db18c76669d1c6f69f92.mp4'] ['/foo/baz/bar/', '60d24a24f19a6b6c1c4734e0f288720c9ce429bc41c2620d32e01e934bfcd344.mp4'] ['/bar/baz/foo', 'd53fe086717a9f6fecb1d0567f6d76e93c48d7790c55e83e83dd1c43251e40e.mp4'] How would one go about this? Thanks!

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  • Problem with Python 3.1(syntax error). Im a beginner please help!

    - by Jonathan
    Hi there, im new to pragraming :) I got a problem with sytax error while making a guessing game. the problem is in (if Gender = boy or Boy), the equal(=) letter is a syntax error. Please help! Answer = 23 Guess = () Gender = input("Are you a boy, a girl or an alien? ") if Gender = boy or Boy: print("Nice!", Gender) if Gender = girl or Girl: print("Prepare do die!", Gender) if Gender = alien or Alien: print("AWESOME my", Gender, "Friend!") While Guess != Answer: if Guess < Answer: print("Too low! try again") else: print("too high!" print("Congratulations you guessed correct!", Gender, "Have fun!" Thank

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  • How to make Python check if ftp directory exists?

    - by Phil
    I'm using this script to connect to sample ftp server and list available directories: from ftplib import FTP ftp = FTP('ftp.cwi.nl') # connect to host, default port (some example server, i'll use other one) ftp.login() # user anonymous, passwd anonymous@ ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents ftp.quit() How do I use ftp.retrlines('LIST') output to check if directory (for example public_html) exists, if it exists cd to it and then execute some other code and exit; if not execute code right away and exit?

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  • Python - wxPython custom button -> unbound method __init__()? what?

    - by Wallter
    After looking at questions like this it doesn't make sense that my __init__(self, parrent, id) would be throwing a unbound error? help? main.py import wx from customButton import customButton from wxPython.wx import * class MyFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self, parent, ID, title): wxFrame.__init__(self, parent, ID, title, wxDefaultPosition, wxSize(400, 400)) # Non-important code here... # This is the first declaration of the Button1 # This is also where the ERROR is thrown. # Omitting this line causes the window to execute # flawlessly. self.Button1 = customButton.__init__(self, parent, -1) # ... finishes in a basic wx.program style... customButton.py # I've included all of the code in the file # because have no idea where the bug/error happens import wx from wxPython.wx import * class Custom_Button(wx.PyControl): # The BMP's Over_bmp = None #wxEmptyBitmap(1,1,1) # When the mouse is over Norm_bmp = None #wxEmptyBitmap(1,1,1) # The normal BMP Push_bmp = None #wxEmptyBitmap(1,1,1) # The down BMP def __init__(self, parent, id, **kwargs): wx.PyControl.__init__(self,parent, id, **kwargs) # Set the BMP's to the ones given in the constructor #self.Over_bmp = wx.Bitmap(wx.Image(MOUSE_OVER_BMP, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY).ConvertToBitmap()) #self.Norm_bmp = wx.Bitmap(wx.Image(NORM_BMP, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY).ConvertToBitmap()) #self.Push_bmp = wx.Bitmap(wx.Image(PUSH_BMP, wx.BITMAP_TYPE_ANY).ConvertToBitmap()) #self.Pos_bmp = self.pos self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self._onMouseDown) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self._onMouseUp) self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEAVE_WINDOW, self._onMouseLeave) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ENTER_WINDOW, self._onMouseEnter) self.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND,self._onEraseBackground) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self._onPaint) self._mouseIn = self._mouseDown = False def _onMouseEnter(self, event): self._mouseIn = True def _onMouseLeave(self, event): self._mouseIn = False def _onMouseDown(self, event): self._mouseDown = True def _onMouseUp(self, event): self._mouseDown = False self.sendButtonEvent() def sendButtonEvent(self): event = wx.CommandEvent(wx.wxEVT_COMMAND_BUTTON_CLICKED, self.GetId()) event.SetInt(0) event.SetEventObject(self) self.GetEventHandler().ProcessEvent(event) def _onEraseBackground(self,event): # reduce flicker pass def _onPaint(self, event): dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self) dc.SetFont(self.GetFont()) dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour())) dc.Clear() dc.DrawBitmap(self.Norm_bmp) # draw whatever you want to draw # draw glossy bitmaps e.g. dc.DrawBitmap if self._mouseIn: # If the Mouse is over the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Mouse_over_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False) if self._mouseDown: # If the Mouse clicks the button dc.DrawBitmap(self, self.Push_bmp, self.Pos_bmp, useMask=False)

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  • Save memory in Python. How to iterate over the lines and save them efficiently with a 2million line

    - by skyl
    I have a tab-separated data file with a little over 2 million lines and 19 columns. You can find it, in US.zip: http://download.geonames.org/export/dump/. I started to run the following but with for l in f.readlines(). I understand that just iterating over the file is supposed to be more efficient so I'm posting that below. Still, with this small optimization, I'm using 10% of my memory on the process and have only done about 3% of the records. It looks like, at this pace, it will run out of memory like it did before. Also, the function I have is very slow. Is there anything obvious I can do to speed it up? Would it help to del the objects with each pass of the for loop? def run(): from geonames.models import POI f = file('data/US.txt') for l in f: li = l.split('\t') try: p = POI() p.geonameid = li[0] p.name = li[1] p.asciiname = li[2] p.alternatenames = li[3] p.point = "POINT(%s %s)" % (li[5], li[4]) p.feature_class = li[6] p.feature_code = li[7] p.country_code = li[8] p.ccs2 = li[9] p.admin1_code = li[10] p.admin2_code = li[11] p.admin3_code = li[12] p.admin4_code = li[13] p.population = li[14] p.elevation = li[15] p.gtopo30 = li[16] p.timezone = li[17] p.modification_date = li[18] p.save() except IndexError: pass if __name__ == "__main__": run()

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  • Is frozenset adequate for caching of symmetric input data in a python dict?

    - by Debilski
    The title more or less says it all: I have a function which takes symmetric input in two arguments, e.g. something like def f(a1, a2): return heavy_stuff(abs(a1 - a2)) Now, I want to introduce some caching method. Would it be correct / pythonic / reasonably efficient to do something like this: cache = {} def g(a1, a2): return cache.setdefault(frozenset((tuple(a1), tuple(a2))), f(a1, a2)) Or would there be some better way?

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  • How to do this Python / MySQL manipulation (match) more efficiently?

    - by NJTechie
    Following is my data : Company Table : ID Company Address City State Zip Phone 1 ABC 123 Oak St Philly PA 17542 7329878901 2 CDE 111 Joe St Newark NJ 08654 3 GHI 211 Foe St Brick NJ 07740 7321178901 4 JAK 777 Wall Ocean NJ 07764 7322278901 5 KLE 87 Ilk St Plains NY 07654 7376578901 6 AB 1 W.House SField PA 87656 7329878901 Branch Office Table : ID Address City State Zip Phone 1 323 Alk St Philly PA 17542 7329832221 1 171 Joe St Newark NJ 08654 3 287 Foe St Brick NJ 07740 7321178901 3 700 Wall Ocean NJ 07764 7322278901 1 89 Blk St Surrey NY 07154 7376222901 File to be Matched (In MySQL): ID Company Address City State Zip Phone 1 ABC 123 Oak St Philly PA 17542 7329878901 2 AB 171 Joe St Newark NJ 08654 3 GHI 211 Foe St Brick NJ 07740 7321178901 4 JAK 777 Wall Ocean NJ 07764 7322278901 5 K 87 Ilk St Plains NY 07654 7376578901 Resulting File : ID Company Address City State Zip Phone appendedID 1 ABC 123 Oak St Philly PA 17542 7329878901 [Original record, field always empty] 1 ABC 171 Joe St Newark NJ 08654 1 [Company Table] 1 ABC 323 Alk St Philly PA 17542 7329832221 1 [Branch Office Table] 1 AB 1 W.House SField PA 87656 7329878901 6 [Partial firm and State, Zip match] 2 CDE 111 Joe St Newark NJ 08654 3 GHI 211 Foe St Brick NJ 07740 7321178901 3 GHI 700 Wall Ocean NJ 07764 7322278901 3 3 GHI 287 Foe St Brick NJ 07740 7321178901 3 4 JAK 777 Wall Ocean NJ 07764 7322278901 5 KLE 87 Ilk St Surrey NY 07654 7376578901 5 KLE 89 Blk St Surrey NY 07154 7376222901 5 Requirement : 1) I have to match each firm on the 'File to be Matched' to that of Company and Branch Office tables (MySQL). 2) If there are multiple exact/partial matches, then the ID from Company, Branch Office table is inserted as a new row in the resulting file. 3) Not all the firms will be matched perfectly, in that case I have to match on partial Company names (like 5/8th of the company name) and any of the address fields and insert them in the resulting file. Please help me out in the most efficient solution for this problem.

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  • Python: re-initialize a function's default value for subsequent calls to the function.

    - by Peter Stewart
    I have a function that calls itself to increment and decrement a stack. I need to call it a number of times, and I'd like it to work the same way in subsequent calls but, as expected, it doesn't re-use the default value. I've read that this is a newbie trap and I've seen suggested solutions, but I haven't been able to make any solution work. It would be nice to be able to "fun.reset" def a(x, stack = [None]): print x,' ', stack if x > 5: temp = stack.pop() if x <=5: stack.append(1) if stack == []: return a(x + 1) print a(0) print a(2) #second call print a(3) #third call I expected this to work, but it doesn't. print a(0, [None]) print a(2, [None]) #second call print a(3, [None]) #third call Can I reset the function to it's initial state? Any help would be appreciated.

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  • Craziest JavaScript behavior I've ever seen

    - by Dan Ray
    And that's saying something. This is based on the Google Maps sample for Directions in the Maps API v3. <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"/> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <title>Google Directions</title> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=false"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var directionDisplay; var directionsService = new google.maps.DirectionsService(); var map; function initialize() { directionsDisplay = new google.maps.DirectionsRenderer(); var myOptions = { zoom:7, mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP } map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"), myOptions); directionsDisplay.setMap(map); directionsDisplay.setPanel(document.getElementById("directionsPanel")); } function render() { var start; if(navigator.geolocation) { navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) { start = new google.maps.LatLng(position.coords.latitude,position.coords.longitude); }, function() { handleNoGeolocation(browserSupportFlag); }); } else { // Browser doesn't support Geolocation handleNoGeolocation(); } alert("booga booga"); var end = '<?= $_REQUEST['destination'] ?>'; var request = { origin:start, destination:end, travelMode: google.maps.DirectionsTravelMode.DRIVING }; directionsService.route(request, function(response, status) { if (status == google.maps.DirectionsStatus.OK) { directionsDisplay.setDirections(response); } }); } </script> </head> <body style="margin:0px; padding:0px;" onload="initialize()"> <div><div id="map_canvas" style="float:left;width:70%; height:100%"></div> <div id="directionsPanel" style="float:right;width:30%;height 100%"></div> <script type="text/javascript">render();</script> </body> </html> See that "alert('booga booga')" in there? With that in place, this all works fantastic. Comment that out, and var start is undefined when we hit the line to define var request. I discovered this when I removed the alert I put in there to show me the value of var start, and it quit working. If I DO ask it to alert me the value of var start, it tells me it's undefined, BUT it has a valid (and accurate!) value when we define var request a few lines later. I'm suspecting it's a timing issue--like an asynchronous something is having time to complete in the background in the moment it takes me to dismiss the alert. Any thoughts on work-arounds?

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  • How do I abort a socket.recv() from another thread in python?

    - by Samuel Skånberg
    I have a main thread that waits for connection. It spawns client threads that will echo the response from the client (telnet in this case). But say that I want to close down all sockets and all threads after some time, like after 1 connection. How would I do? If I do clientSocket.close() from the main thread, it won't stop doing the recv. It will only stop if I first send something through telnet, then it will fail doing further sends and recvs. My code look like this: # Echo server program import socket from threading import Thread import time class ClientThread(Thread): def __init__(self, clientSocket): Thread.__init__(self) self.clientSocket = clientSocket def run(self): while 1: try: # It will hang here, even if I do close on the socket data = self.clientSocket.recv(1024) print "Got data: ", data self.clientSocket.send(data) except: break self.clientSocket.close() HOST = '' PORT = 6000 serverSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) serverSocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) serverSocket.bind((HOST, PORT)) serverSocket.listen(1) clientSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept() print 'Got a new connection from: ', addr clientThread = ClientThread(clientSocket) clientThread.start() time.sleep(1) # This won't make the recv in the clientThread to stop immediately, # nor will it generate an exception clientSocket.close()

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