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• Protocol to mount fat32 network filesystem on Linux with ability to lock files ( not advisory locks

  - by nagul

  I have a fat32 filesystem sitting on a NAS storage device (nslu2) that I need to mount on my Ubuntu system. I've tried Samba and NFS mounts, but both don't seem to support proper locking. More specifically, I am unable to save files to the mounted drive through GNUcash, KeepassX etc, which makes the share fairly useless. Is there a protocol that allows me to achieve this ? Note that the NAS storage device is running a linux OS so I can run pretty much any protocol that has a linux implementation. The only option I'm not looking for is to reformat the partition to ext3, which I'm not able to do due to other constraints. Alternatively, has anyone managed proper locking of a fat32 system over the network using Samba ? Or, is advisory locking the best you get with a network-mounted fat32 file system ? I've thought of trying sshfs but I've not found any indication that this will solve my problem. Edit: Okay, maybe I can reformat the drive, but to any file system except ext3. The "unslung" nslu2 doesn't like more than one ext3 drive, and I already have one attached. So any solution that involves reformatting the drive to ntfs, hfs etc is fine, as long as I can mount it on linux and lock files.

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• How to transfer Windows Vista disk image to new machine

  - by Mike Hobbs

  I'm trying to upgrade a user's machine to some better hardware. I know of Easy Transfer, but I'd rather not have to reinstall all the programs that are already present. (Some of which are no longer available, anyway). Instead, I'm trying to transfer the entire disk image from one machine to the other, but I ran into issues. If I copy the partition image over to the new machine using Clonezilla, I get errors on boot saying that I need to insert the Vista install disk and run repair. I do that, but it then says that it is unable to repair whatever it is that's broken. Next, I tried to sysprep the old machine before creating the image, but sysprep fails saying that it encountered some sort of system error. Should it be possible to sysprep any arbitrary machine, or does it only work on a relatively clean install? Could it be a missing driver that is tripping me up? The new machine is a fairly stock desktop that shouldn't need any special drivers beyond what's already present in standard Vista. Are there any foolproof methods for doing this sort of thing?

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• Resize a RAID 1 volume on OSX Snow Leopard - how? (Note: software raid)

  - by Emmel

  I've scoured the Internet in search of an answer to this question, and as usual with OSX-related topics, I often don't find any deep-dive technical explanations sufficient enough to feel confident doing dangerous things. Here is my question: I have a Mac Pro, running OSX 10.6.2. I have, as my main root/boot disk, a RAID 1 volume called "Mirror1". Mirror1 is comprised of two 1 TB disks. Mirror1, however, is fixed at 640 GB. That's because, I originally took a 640GB disk, bought a terabyte disk, mirrored it (using diskutil appleraid enable...), when it synced I removed the 640GB and replaced it with a second 1 TB disk, and synced again. Voila! A single 640 GB replaced by two 1 TB disks in a mirror.. Actually, no. There's still something missing from the equation: Mirror1 needs to be expanded from 640GB to 1 TB to match the partition sizes on each of those disks. How do I do this? Perhaps the diskutil output will help: -> diskutil list /dev/disk0 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk0 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk0s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk0s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk0s3 /dev/disk1 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *1.0 TB disk1 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk1s1 2: Apple_RAID 999.9 GB disk1s2 3: Apple_Boot Boot OSX 134.2 MB disk1s3 /dev/disk2 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: GUID_partition_scheme *640.1 GB disk2 1: EFI 209.7 MB disk2s1 2: Apple_HFS Mac Disk 2 536.7 GB disk2s2 3: Microsoft Basic Data BOOTCAMP 103.1 GB disk2s3 /dev/disk3 #: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER 0: Apple_HFS Mirror1 *639.8 GB disk3 -> diskutil appleraid list AppleRAID sets (1 found) =============================================================================== Name: Macintosh HD Unique ID: 1953F864-B474-4EB6-8E69-41834EBD0247 Type: Mirror Status: Online Size: 639.8 GB (639791038464 Bytes) Rebuild: manual Device Node: disk3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Device Node UUID Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 disk1s2 25109BAE-5697-40EA-B612-0217851444F7 Online 1 disk0s2 11B83AB0-8148-4DB6-8761-DEF08C855F8D Online =============================================================================== Thanks in advance.

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• Windows 7 Loading Very Slow

  - by Adnan

  Hi guys, I've had a problem that only started to occur yesterday. When I boot into Windows 7 and log on to my user account, the computer gets very laggy and slow for at least 5 minutes. Icons take ages to load, and everything is rendered unclickable. This happens for about five minutes after which everything goes back to normal. I tried restarting a few times to see if this is a recurring problem, and it is. I ran a full system scan with Microsoft Security Essentials and found nothing wrong, and I also defragmented the disk to increase performance. However, the problem still exists. Edit: For the past day, I've been trying to install Ubuntu on the same laptop. When installing it on a partition didn't work, I decided to use Wubi. Could this somehow be the problem? Also, my hard drive gets hot a lot, so could the heat be affecting the hard drive and maybe making it defective? Any help on this issue would be greatly, greatly appreciated.

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• Relax Linux - it's just me! (filesystem permissions)

  - by Xeoncross

  One of my favorite things about Linux is also the most annoying - file system permissions. In production machines and web servers I love how everything is so secure and locked down - but on development machines it really slows me down. I'll give one example out of the many that I discover weekly. Like most people, I dual-boot Ubuntu and Windows so I can continue using the Adobe CS4 suite. I often design web themes and other things while I'm still using windows. Later I'll boot into Ubuntu to take the themes and write the backend PHP for them. After mounting the windows C: drive partition I can copy the template files over so I can begin editing them. However, thanks to Linux desire to protect me I find that after coping the files I end up with a totally locked set of files where even I don't have read-write permissions. So after carful consideration about the tremendous risks that the HTML files pose to me - I chmod them so that I and apache can begin using them. Now given, the chmod process isn't that hard - but after you chmod enough files per day you get sick of doing it. I'm constantly creating, fetch, editing, and removing files from my user, git repos, php, or other random processes. This is a personal development machine after all. Everything changes on a day by day basis. So my question is, how can I get linux to relax about what I'm doing with my HTML/JS/PHP/TXT/SQL/etc. files so that I can work faster without constantly stopping to chmod things? I pinky-promise I won't hack into my account with an HTML file. ;)

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• What folders to encrypt with EFS on Windows 7 laptop?

  - by Joe Schmoe

  Since I've been using my laptop more as a laptop recently (carrying it around) I am now evaluating my strategy to protect confidential information in case it is stolen. Keep in mind that my laptop is 6 years old (Lenovo T61 with 8 GB or RAM, 2GHz dual core CPU). It runs Windows 7 fine but it is no speedy demon. It doesn't support AES instruction set. I've been using TrueCrypt volume mounted on demand for really important stuff like financial statements forever. Nothing else is encrypted. I just finished my evaluation of EFS, Bitlocker and took a closer look at TrueCrypt again. I've come to conclusion that boot partition encryption via Bitlocker or TrueCrypt is not worth the hassle. I may decide in the future to use Bitlocker or TrueCrypt to encrypt one of the data volumes but at this point I intend to use EFS to encrypt parts of my hard drive that contain data that I wouldn't want exposed. The purpose of this post is to get your feedback about what folders should be encrypted from the general point of view (of course everyone will have something specific in addition) Here is what I thought of so far (will update if I think of something else): 1) AppData\Local\Microsoft\Outlook - Outlook files 2) AppData\Local\Thunderbird\Profiles and AppData\Roaming\Thunderbird\Profiles- Thunderbird profiles, not sure yet where exactly data is stored. 3) AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\djdsakdjh.default\bookmarkbackups - Firefox bookmark backup. Is there a separate location for "main" Firefox bookmark file? I haven't figured it out yet. 4) Bookmarks for Chrome (don't know where it's bookmarks are) and Internet Explorer ($Username\Favorites) - I don't really use them but why not to secure that as well. 5) Downloads\, My Documents\ and My Pictures\ folders I don't think I need to encrypt, say, latest service pack for Visual Studio. So I will probably create subfolder called "Secure" in all of these folders and set it to "Encrypted". Anything sensitive I will save in this folder. Any other suggestions? Again, this is from the point of view of your "regular office user".

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• Move an existing RAID 5 array from Ubuntu to Gentoo

  - by Cocoabean

  I have a 64-bit Ubuntu machine with a 4-disk RAID 5 using software raid (md). I've been able to boot an Ubuntu LiveCD and recognize the array with a simple mdadm -A /dev/md0. It was easy to mount after that and nothing had to rebuild. I'm installing Gentoo on this box now (multi-boot, non-RAID root partition) and I have md auto-detect turned on in the kernel. When I boot Gentoo I get: "invalid superblock magic on sdd" for each of the drives in the array. I boot back to Ubuntu and they mount no problem. I tried copying the mdadm.conf that works in Ubuntu to Gentoo, and then ran mdadm -A /dev/md0 but it reports that there is no array named md0. I don't want to lose data (obviously) and I don't want to have to let the RAID rebuild every time I switch between OSes. Any help is appreciated. Both are using mdadm 3.1.4 Both are running 64-bit kernels. mdadm -D /dev/md0 from Ubuntu yields: http://pastebin.com/5gj2QNkV UPDATE: After rebooting I noticed that it still complains about invalid blocks, but cat /proc/mdstat shows an inactive /dev/md127 with the same disks as my raid. I want to mount it but I don't want to get stuck waiting for a rebuild or destroying it inadvertently. mdadm -D /dev/md127 Here is pastebin of mdadm -D /dev/md127 on gentoo: http://pastebin.com/gDCWn0Rn UPDATE II: dmesg output about 'invalid raid superblocks' http://paste.ubuntu.com/885471/ fdisk -l from Ubuntu, /dev/md0 does not have any partitions but I do have it mounted and accessible: http://paste.ubuntu.com/885475/

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• PostgreSQL 8.4 - Tablespace Optimization

  - by FloE

  I'm currently running a PostgreSQL Database with about 1.5 billion rows / 500 GB of data (including indices). There are several schemata: on for the (read only, irregular changes / updates) 'core-model' and one for every user (about 20 persons). The users can access the core and store data in their own schema, so everything is located in one database. The server runs with CentOS and PostgreSQL 8.4 and is used for scientific studies, exploration etc and is running quite well. These days an upgrade of the DB storage hard disks arrive - all with the same performance as the old ones. I'm looking for the best way to distribute the data on these disks. It would be possible to separate frequently used objects (the core-data) from the user schemata, but I'm not sure if this is really worth the effort. It seems to be a much better idea to move the WAL files (pg_xlog directory) to its own partition. http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/wal-internals.html What are your opinions? Are there any tablespace- or partitioning-related performance documentations / benchmarks?

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• Updating a backup image (.wim and/or Acronis .tib)

  - by Backdraft

  Anyways, I've got a Windows 7 installation that I want to make a generalized backup image of so I can use it for future installs on not only my desktop from which the image is to be derived from, but also other systems with dissimilar hardware. Therefore I've arrived at either 2 options, using either sysprep/imagx from WAIK (guide here), or the simpler Acronis True Image w/ their Universal Restore addon. Of course, they create distinct image file types, .wim and .tib respectively. What I'd like to do is to periodically update this image, say with Windows Updates, by booting it to either a physical partition or using virtualization (VirtualBox/VMWare), perform the updates, and save the updated .wim or .tib image file again. What's the simplest way I could do this? Another question is, I created this generalized backup image on a 500GB Seagate 7200RPM HDD. Say I get an SSD as an OS drive in the future, can I just deploy this backup image to the SSD normally, or are there any potential problems to be aware/avoid (ie. is it best to completely reinstall the OS on the SSD from scratch, or can I use the image created on the normal HDD with no issue)? Thanks and Happy Holidays.

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• Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10: Filesystem check or mount failed [migrated]

  - by SamHuckaby

  I attempted to upgrade from Ubuntu 13.04 to 13.10 today, and mid upgrade the system started flaking out, and eventually locked up entirely. I was forced to restart the computer, and am now unable to get the computer to boot up at all. When I boot currently, it takes me to the GRUB menu, and I can choose to boot normally, or boot in an older version. I have tried several things, which I list below, but no matter what, when I try to finish booting into Ubuntu, I receive the following error: Filesystem check or mount failed. A maintenance shell will now be started. CONTROL-D will terminate this shell and continue booting after re-trying filesystems. Any further errors will be ignored root@ubuntu-computername:~# I have fun fsck -f and everything appears correct, no errors are reported. and it passes all 5 checks. If I run fdisk -l then I get the following information: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00010824 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 608456703 304227328 83 Linux /dev/sda2 608458750 625141759 8341505 5 Extended Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 608458752 625141759 8341504 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0fb4b7e8 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 8192 625139711 312565760 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT I am considering just installing a new OS on the other disk, that currently has nothing on it, and then just attempting to scrape my data off the old disk (thankfully I didn't encrypt the files). Really my question is this: Can I salvage this Ubuntu install, or should I give up and just reinstall?

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• Software mirroring (RAID1) versus "Fake Raid" for new Windows 7 install

  - by kquinn

  I've just ordered two new hard drives for my main desktop and a copy of Windows 7 Professional 64-bit. I'd like to do a clean install of Win7 onto the new drives (leaving my old XP Pro boot partition around for a while in case something goes disastrously wrong, etc.). I want to have them set up in mirrored (RAID-1) mode. My understanding is that Win7 Pro can do software mirroring, but can I set this up directly at install time? If so, how? Note that I'd like the disk to be split into three partitions (OS/Apps&Data/Bulk data), all of which should be mirrored. Would it be better (more reliable or faster) to use my motherboard's hardware RAID support? My motherboard is an older nVidia nForce 680i SLI, which is not the most stable of motherboards, and I'm not sure how trustworthy its RAID1 configuration might be (or if Win7 could even detect and install onto a hardware-mirrored volume). Also, the performance characteristics of RAID1 are rather different than RAID0 or RAID5, and I'm wondering if Win7's software mirroring might actually be faster than hardware RAID1 (for example, I'm more of a Unix admin when I have to wear the sysadmin hat, and I've had great success deploying ZFS; most hardware RAID1 implementations have to read both disks and compare results to look for data errors, but ZFS can read from only one disk in the mirror and just use the built-in checksum, meaning it can have up to 2x the number of reads in-flight, as long as there's no data corruption). Edit: Okay, my question about whether Windows 7 can do software mirroring has been answered, and it can. I'm still unsure whether Windows software RAID or my motherboard's hardware "fake RAID" function is a better choice, though. Remember, I'm only interested in mirroring -- not the more complicated striping or parity operations that generally show the poor performance of crappy motherboard RAID solutions.

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• Why do most songs in my media collection play twice? - Corrupt media?

  - by Dean

  Problem: Whether I'm playing the media with Rhythmbox on Ubuntu, Winamp on Windows, or my Nokia N95's media player, most of my audio files (OK, maybe only 40%) play twice. Info: I have a 500GB external 2.5" WD HDD, with a 150GB primary FAT32 partition labeled MUSIC. Inside this, I have about 500 folders containing about 10,000 MP3/WMA/M4A/WAV files. I manage the drive using Ubuntu 9.10, and frequently copy data to/from it using RSYNC, or on windows, TotalCopy. The visual output is different in each media player, but it behaves as if the 1 MP3 has the same song on it twice, and as soon as it ends it begins again. Winamp shows that the song goes for 2x as long as it should, The N95's media player shows the progress bar off the right-hand-side of the screen when it begins playing (then jumps back to the left, then continues along...). Rhythmbox doesn't show me how long the song is, nor does the progress bar move along the screen. Plea: It seams to me somewhere along the lines my collection has become corrupt... but where? And how? and please someone tell me I can fix it!! TIA, Dean.

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• Fix MBR from installed Windows Vista

  - by Danilo

  Hi guys, I have a quite strange problem. I had a system with Vista and Ubuntu installed. We always use Vista and Ubuntu was something we really did not need. BUT: to boot, GRUB was used (I guess grub2). Now, while being in Vista I cancelled the Ubuntu partition and with it also GRUB. Now the system does not boot anymore. I tried to reinstall Ubuntu, but I had some problems with the CD. At the moment, when the system boots I get into the GRUB shell. From there, I am able to boot Windows Vista with some commands like this ones: grub> title windows rootnoverify (hd0,msdos3) chainloader +1 boot Now the question is: if I am able to boot in Windows Vista with this trick, is it possible to fix the MBR from inside the installed windows Vista with some command/tool of Vista itself? I shall probably mention that we are not interested in double boot at the moment. We only want Vista to start. I can sum up the question like this: is there a way to fix the MBR from the installed version on Windows Vista, considering that GRUB is at the moment installed? I hope I was clear enough. Thanks for your help.

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• Is it possible to install all packages from an APT repository?

  - by Kristoffer Hagen

  Is it possible to install all packages from an APT repository? I know it is possible to do it manually, but then you would need to know all the package names, and I don't. Any suggestions? Thanks. Update: Well, you guys are going to kill me for this, but the reason for my madness is that I want to install all the packages from BackTrack into my Ubuntu installation. I really don't like the idea of having it in a VM and having a separate partition for it is even more out of the question. I know that the folks at BackTrack doesn't like it when people leech their repositories, but that's what you get for releasing open source software. Stupid? maybe.. A valid reason? probably not.. Do I still want it? Yes. Another edit: I have now given up on this as it seems impossible to get it to work even by manually installing packages.

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• Concerns about Apache per-Vhost logging setup

  - by etienne

  I'm both senior developer and sysadmin in my company, so i'm trying to deal with the needs of both activities. I've set up our apache box, wich deals with 30-50 domains atm (and hopefully will grow larger) and hosts both production and development sites, with this directory structure: domains/ domains/domain.ext/ #FTPS chroot for user domain.ext domains/domain.ext/public #the DocumentRoot of http://domain.ext domains/domain.ext/logs domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext/public #DocumentRoot of http://sub.domain.ext Each domain.ext Vhost runs with his dedicated user and group via mpm-itk, umask being 027, and the logs are stored via a piped sudo command, like this: ErrorLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_error.log" CustomLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_access.log" combined Now, i've read a lot about not letting the logs out of a very restricted directory, but the developers often need to give a quick look to a particular subdomain error log, and i don't really want to give them admin rights to look into /var/logs. Having them available into the ftp account is REALLY handy during development stages. Do you think this setup is viable and safe enough? To me it is apparently looking good, but i'm concerned about 3 security issues: -is the sudo pipe enough to deal with symlink exploits? Any catches i'm missing? -log dos: logs are in the same partition of all domains. got hundreds of gigs, but still, if one get disk-space dos'd, everything will break. Any workaround? Will a short timed logrotate suffice? -file descriptors limits: AFAIK the default limit for Apache on Ubuntu Server is currently 8192, which should be plenty enough to handle 2 log files per subdomain. Is it? Am i missing something? I hope to read some thoughts on the matter!

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• Backup software for incremental swapped-out drives?

  - by user13743

  We're using Acronis Home 11 to backup our main Windows machine at the office. We have a set of portable hard drives that we swap out each week, for redundancy. We have incremental sets ( a new diff of the entire series each night) building on each drive. However, from time to time, Acronis gets confused and sometimes makes a new full backup. This eats up a lot of drive on the disks. Also, I have to trick the Acronis script each time I swap out a drive and point it to the new incremental backup set. Finally, if a drive gets full, there's no way to partition the backup set on a drive. I found this out the hard way, and now one drive is full with one backup set. So now on the other drive, I have three folders of backup sets. When one starts to get full, I delete the oldest one and start a new set. That way one single drive never gets filled up with one single backup set. I'm looking for a backup software that can backup Windows in incremental sets, and doesn't get tripped up with swapped out drives. Is there a better solution?

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• CentOS OpenVZ fail to boot after kernel update

  - by SkechBoy

  After upgrading to latest OpenVZ kernel CentOS server won't boot. When i try go boot the latest kernel server is stuck at this point: (note that images are taken from virtual kvm) http://i.stack.imgur.com/4lusz.jpg Then i try to start the server on some old kernels and than i get this error message: kernel panic - not syncing - attempted to kill init better shown on this image: http://i.stack.imgur.com/2SReF.jpg Here is some useful information fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2995.7 GB, 2995739688960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364211 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004c4e4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 523 4199044+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 524 785 2104515 83 Linux /dev/sda3 786 261869 2097157230 83 Linux /dev/sda4 261870 364211 822062115 83 Linux /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/sda1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda2 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda4 /home ext3 defaults 0 0 and grub config file: title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4.img Any help is greatly appreciated Thanks.

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• OS X, Chrome, and Spaces annoyance

  - by David Hollman

  Here's my problem: I use Google Chrome as my web browser on MacOS X Snow Leopard. I am a keyboard shortcut addict, and I use QuickSilver to create keyboard shortcuts for anything I can. One of the most common things that I do is to open a new web browser window. But I use Spaces frequently to partition my tasks that I am currently working on, and when I open a web browser or web page with a QuickSilver trigger, spaces switches to the last space that I used Chrome on and opens a new tab, which often distracts me for hours because it brings me to a different space and thus a different task. I can fix this by right-clicking on the Google Chrome icon and clicking the "New Window" option, which opens a new window on the current space. I have tried to compose an AppleScript to do something like this, with no success. It has become a serious problem. Back when I used Firefox, I solved the problem by changing a preference item that says "Always open pop-up links in a new window" or something like that, which was kind of a sledge hammer approach, but it worked. I can always go back to Firefox, but I thought I'd ask my question here first. Anyone with any ideas?

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• Restrict SSH user to connection from one machine

  - by Jonathan

  During set-up of a home server (running Kubuntu 10.04), I created an admin user for performing administrative tasks that may require an unmounted home. This user has a home directory on the root partition of the box. The machine has an internet-facing SSH server, and I have restricted the set of users that can connect via SSH, but I would like to restrict it further by making admin only accessible from my laptop (or perhaps only from the local 192.168.1.0/24 range). I currently have only an AllowGroups ssh-users with myself and admin as members of the ssh-users group. What I want is something that works like you may expect this setup to work (but it doesn't): $ groups jonathan ... ssh-users $ groups admin ... ssh-restricted-users $ cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config ... AllowGroups ssh-users [email protected].* ... Is there a way to do this? I have also tried this, but it did not work (admin could still log in remotely): AllowUsers [email protected].* * AllowGroups ssh-users with admin a member of ssh-users. I would also be fine with only allowing admin to log in with a key, and disallowing password logins, but I could find no general setting for sshd; there is a setting that requires root logins to use a key, but not for general users.

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• Windows errors, how do I find root cause and fix it? Getting several errors

  - by Eric Martin

  My server is having issues and not responding to customer's https requests. I checked the event viewer and found several errors. These two are listed a couple of times: WINS encountered a database error. This may or may not be a serious error. WINS will try to recover from it. You can check the database error events under 'Application Log' category of the Event Viewer for the Exchange Component, ESENT, source to find out more details about database errors. If you continue to see a large number of these errors consistently over time (a span of few hours), you may want to restore the WINS database from a backup. The error number is in the second DWORD of the data section. And this one: An error occured while using SSL configuration for socket address 0.0.0.0:444. The error status code is contained within the returned data. SQL Server is not ready to accept new client connections. Wait a few minutes before trying again. If you have access to the error log, look for the informational message that indicates that SQL Server is ready before trying to connect again. [CLIENT: xxx.xxx.xxxx.xxx] I also found this in the event viewer but the computer has been restarted since this message and I have not seen it again. Configuring the Page file for crash dump failed. Make sure there is a page file on the boot partition and that is large enough to contain all physical memory. This is my virtual memory settings: I'm not familiar with WINS so I wasn't sure if that is where I start or how to resolve it. Is the WINS error causing the other problems or should I be looking somewhere else?

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• Optimal file system type and mount options for an rsnapshot dedicated drive

  - by Nimmy Lebby

  We have an external USB 2 drive that we are using as a backup drive for our configuration. We use rsnapshot for the backups. It uses a few standard commands for managing snapshots: rm -rf: deletes expired snapshots mv: moves older snapshots down a slot cp -al: duplicates last snapshot to new slot rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative: synchronizes new snapshot As you could see by the log below, the majority of the time is spent on the rm -rf and the cp -al steps: [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] rsnapshot hourly: started [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] echo 21012 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid [25/Dec/2010:14:00:02] rm -rf /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.5/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.4/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.5/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.3/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.4/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.2/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.3/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] mv /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.1/ /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.2/ [25/Dec/2010:14:15:48] cp -al /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0 /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.1 [25/Dec/2010:14:23:32] rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative /etc /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0/sm4/ [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] touch /mnt/extdrive/snapshots/hourly.0/ [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] rm -f /var/run/rsnapshot.pid [25/Dec/2010:14:23:52] rsnapshot hourly: completed successfully My questions: I'm currently using ext4 for the filesystem. Maybe this is not the best choice from those available in Red Hat. Anyone have any recommendations that would speed up the process? The partition's mount options are sync,dirsync 1 2. Is there a way to optimize this since it's solely used for rsnapshot? Of course, reasoning would be greatly appreciated.

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• Team Foundation Server 2008 - TF220056 Error during installation

  - by David

  I'm attempting to install Team Foundation Server 2008 on a Windows Server 2003 instance that exists under Hyper-V. The SQL Server database itself is held on the root partition of the Hyper-V server and has the Reporting Services installed (so I've solved the TF220059 error already). After hitting "Next " after typing the name of the SQL Server I get this error: --------------------------- Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Team Foundation Server Setup --------------------------- TF220056: An unrecoverable error occurred while trying to check the status of the Team Foundation database. Installation cannot continue. Check the install log for more details. --------------------------- OK --------------------------- The error log's stack trace makes it look like a bug in the TFS installer itself: [03/22/10,19:14:42] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: System.IO.IOException: The directory name is invalid. [03/22/10,19:14:42] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: at System.IO.__Error.WinIOError(Int32 errorCode, String maybeFullPath) [03/22/10,19:14:42] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: at System.IO.__Error.WinIOError() [03/22/10,19:14:43] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: at System.IO.Path.GetTempFileName() [03/22/10,19:14:43] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: at Microsoft.TeamFoundation.DatabaseInstaller.CommandLine.Commands.InstallerCommand.get_Log() [03/22/10,19:14:43] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: at Microsoft.TeamFoundation.DatabaseInstaller.CommandLine.Commands.InstallerCommand.Run() [03/22/10,19:14:43] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: at Microsoft.TeamFoundation.DatabaseInstaller.CommandLine.CommandLine.RunCommand(String[] args) [03/22/10,19:14:43] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe: The directory name is invalid. [03/22/10,19:14:43] TFSUI: [2] tfsdb.exe check failed with error code: 100 I'm running the installer as the domain Administrator, although the server is a Terminal Server in Application Mode, might that be the cause of the problems?

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• Where to get grub files without using grub-install

  - by Jacky

  I am in a particular situation. I have a MacBook Pro with no internal CD drive and both MacOS X (minimal setup) and Linux (my main system) is installed. During a cross-upgrade to Ubuntu 12.04 I messed up grub, so that my /boot/grub directory is basically empty. This means I can't boot Linux on the laptop anymore but only get into grub rescue. Normally this is no issue as you'd just boot from a rescue CD or USB stick, but unfortunately with a MacBook Pro this is not possible (I have reFIT installed and it attempts to boot, but it fails and the manual says that Apple's EFI firmware is not able to handle this situation). From MacOS X, however, I still have write access to the Linux partition. I've now been trying to figure out how to populate the /boot/grub folder with the necessary files, to no avail so far. The ISO image of Ubuntu 12.04 contains an EFI folder which is not what I am looking for, instead I need the normal.mod files for the grub version of Ubuntu 12.04. I do not have any other machine to set up a virtual machine of Ubuntu 12.04 to extract this from after a grub-install, so I am asking for ideas here how to solve this mess. P.S.: I installed the Linux previously when I still had a working internal CD drive. This is gone now.

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• Extend RAID 1 (HP SmartArray P410i) running Linux

  - by Oliver

  I took over a fairly simple server setup with the following RAID 1 config running Ubuntu 11.10 (Kernel 3.0.0-12-server x86_64): => ctrl all show config Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) (sn: removed) array A (SAS, Unused Space: 1335535 MB) logicaldrive 1 (279.4 GB, RAID 1, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:1 (port 1I:box 1:bay 1, SAS, 1 TB, OK) physicaldrive 1I:1:2 (port 1I:box 1:bay 2, SAS, 1 TB, OK) Initially there were two 300GB disks that got replaced by 1TB disks and I now have to extend the logical volume to use that extra space. However, when trying to do so I get the following warning: => ctrl slot=0 ld 1 modify size=max Warning: Extension may not be supported on certain operating systems. Performing extension on these operating systems can cause data to become inaccessible. See ACU documentation for details. Continue? (y/n) Is it safe to say yes or am I at risk of corrupting the file system / loosing data? Rearranging and extending the file system afterwards shouldn't be an issue as I can take the server offline and boot from a gparted live disk. Here's the config of the RAID controller in use: => ctrl all show detail Smart Array P410i in Slot 0 (Embedded) Bus Interface: PCI Slot: 0 Serial Number: removed RAID 6 (ADG) Status: Disabled Controller Status: OK Hardware Revision: Rev C Firmware Version: 5.12 Rebuild Priority: Medium Expand Priority: Medium Surface Scan Delay: 15 secs Surface Scan Mode: Idle Wait for Cache Room: Disabled Surface Analysis Inconsistency Notification: Disabled Post Prompt Timeout: 0 secs Cache Board Present: False Drive Write Cache: Disabled SATA NCQ Supported: True And the partition table: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 274GB 274GB primary ext4 boot 2 274GB 300GB 25.8GB extended 5 274GB 300GB 25.8GB logical linux-swap(v1)

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• Surprising corruption and never-ending fsck after resizing a filesystem.

  - by Steve Kemp

  System in question has Debian Lenny installed, running a 2.65.27.38 kernel. System has 16Gb memory, and 8x1Tb drives running behind a 3Ware RAID card. The storage is managed via LVM. Short version: Running a KVM guest which had 1.7Tb storage allocated to it. The guest was reaching a full-disk. So we decided to resize the disk that it was running upon We're pretty familiar with LVM, and KVM, so we figured this would be a painless operation: Stop the KVM guest. Extend the size of the LVM partition: "lvextend -L+500Gb ..." Check the filesystem : "e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/..." Resize the filesystem: "resize2fs /dev/mapper/" Start the guest. The guest booted successfully, and running "df" showed the extra space, however a short time later the system decided to remount the filesystem read-only, without any explicit indication of error. Being paranoid we shut the guest down and ran the filesystem check again, given the new size of the filesystem we expected this to take a while, however it has now been running for 24 hours and there is no indication of how long it will take. Using strace I can see the fsck is "doing stuff", similarly running "vmstat 1" I can see that there are a lot of block input/output operations occurring. So now my question is threefold: Has anybody come across a similar situation? Generally we've done this kind of resize in the past with zero issues. What is the most likely cause? (3Ware card shows the RAID arrays of the backing stores as being A-OK, the host system hasn't rebooted and nothing in dmesg looks important/unusual) Ignoring brtfs + ext3 (not mature enough to trust) should we make our larger partitions in a different filesystem in the future to avoid either this corruption (whatever the cause) or reduce the fsck time? xfs seems like the obvious candidate?

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