nested includes - Page 232

Android Service Testing with messages

- by Sandeep Dhull

I have a service which does its work(perform network operation) depending upon the type of message(message.what) property of the message. Then it returns the resoponse, also as a message to the requesting component(depending upon the message.replyTo). So, i am trying to write the testcases.. But how????? My Architecture of service is like this: 1) A component(ex. Activity) bounds to the service. 2) The component sends message to the Service(using Messenger). 3) The service has a nested class that handles the messages and execute the network call and returns a response as message to the sender(who initially sent the message and using its replyTo property). Now to test this.. i am using Junit test cases.. So , in that .. 1) in setUp() i am binding to the service.. 2) on testBusinessLogic() . i am sending the message to the service .. Now problem is where to get the response message.

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Fastest way to read/store lots of multidimensional data? (Java)

- by RemiX

I have three questions about three nested loops: for (int x=0; x<400; x++) { for (int y=0; y<300; y++) { for (int z=0; z<400; z++) { // compute and store value } } } And I need to store all computed values. My standard approach would be to use a 3D-array: values[x][y][z] = 1; // test value but this turns out to be slow: it takes 192 ms to complete this loop, where a single int-assignment int value = 1; // test value takes only 66 ms. 1) Why is an array so relatively slow? 2) And why does it get even slower when I put this in the inner loop: values[z][y][x] = 1; // (notice x and z switched) This takes more than 4 seconds! 3) Most importantly: Can I use a data structure that is as quick as the assignment of a single integer, but can store as much data as the 3D-array?

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Powershell wait for file to delete, then copy a folder

- by user3317623

Morning guys, I have a couple of scripts that have to sync a folder from the network server, to the local terminal server, and lastly into the %LOCALAPPDATA%. I need to first check if a folder is being synced (this is done by creating a temporary COPYING.TXT on the server), and wait until that is removed, THEN copy to %LOCALAPPDATA%. Something like this: Server-side script executes, which syncs my folder to all of my terminal servers. It creates a COPYING.TXT temporary file, which indicates the sync is in progress. Once the sync is finished, the script removes the COPYING.TXT If someone logs on during the sync, I need a script to wait until the COPYING.TXT is deleted I.E the sync is finished, then resume the local sync into their %LOCALAPPDATA%. do{cp c:\folder\program $env:LOCALAPPDATA} while(!(test-path c:\folder\COPYING.txt)) (So that copies the folder while the file DOESN'T exist, but I don't think that exits cleanly) I cannot format the above as code for some reason I'm sorry? Or: while(!(test-path c:\folder\COPYING.txt)){ cp c:\folder\program $env:LOCALAPPDATA\ -recurse -force if (!(test-path c:\folder\program)){return} } But that script quits if the COPYING.TXT exists. I think I need to create a function and insert that function within itself, or a nested while loop, but that is starting to make my head hurt. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks guys.

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What is the best way to structure those jquery call backs?

- by user518138

I am new to jquery and recently have been amazed how powerful those call backs are. But here I got some logic and I am not sure what the best way is. Basically, I got a bunch of tables in web sql database in chrome. I will need to go through say table A, table B and table C. I need to submit each row of the table to server. Each row represents a bunch of complicated logic and data url and they have to be submitted in the order of A - B - C. The regular java way would be: TableA.SubmitToServer() { query table A; foreach(row in tableA.rows) { int nRetID = submitToServer(row); do other updates.... } } Similar for tableB and table C. then just call: TableA.SubmitToServer(); TableB.SubmitToServer(); TableC.SubmitToServer(); //that is very clear and easy. But in JQuery, it probably will be: db.Transaction(function (tx){ var strQuery = "select * from TableA"; tx.executeSql(strQuery, [], function (tx, result){ for(i = 0 ; i < result.rows.length; i++) { submitTableARowToServer(tx, result.rows.getItem(i), function (tx, result) { //do some other related updates based on this row from tableA //also need to upload some related files to server... }); } }, function errorcallback....) }); As you can see, there are already enough nested callbacks. Now, where should I put the process for TableB and tableC? They all need to have similar logic and they can only be called after everything is done from TableA. So, What is the best way to do this in jquery? Thanks

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Credit card validation with regexp using test()

- by Matt

I'm trying to complete some homework and it appears the book might have gotten it wrong. I have a simple html page that allows user to pick a credit card in our case american express. The user then enters a number and evalutes that number based on a regular expression. My question ends up being when test() evaluates the number it returns a boolean or a string? I should then compare that string or boolean? True == true should fire off the code in a nested if statement. Heres what the book gives me as valid code: if(document.forms[0].cardName.value == "American Express") { var cardProtocol = new RegExp("^3[47][0-9]{13}$"); //REGEX ENTRY HERE if(cardProtocol.test(document.forms[0].cardNumber.value)) document.forms[0].ccResult.value = "Valid credit card number"; } The above code doesn't work in firefox. I've tried modifying it with 2 alerts to make sure the number is good and the boolean is good...and still no luck: if(document.forms[0].cardName.value == "American Express") { var cardProtocol = new RegExp("^3[47][0-9]{13}$"); //REGEX ENTRY HERE <------ alert(document.forms[0].cardNumber.value) alert(cardProtocol.test(document.forms[0].cardNumber.value)) if((cardProtocol.test(document.forms[0].cardNumber.value)) == true ) // <--Problem { document.forms[0].ccResult.value = "Valid credit card number"; } else { document.forms[0].ccResult.value = "Invalid credit card number"; } } Any ideas? the if loop is the culprit but I'm not figuring out why it is not working. Please throw up the code for the if loop! Thanks for the help!

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Building applications with WPF, MVVM and Prism(aka CAG)

- by skjagini

In this article I am going to walk through an application using WPF and Prism (aka composite application guidance, CAG) which simulates engaging a taxi (cab). The rules are simple, the app would have3 screens A login screen to authenticate the user An information screen. A screen to engage the cab and roam around and calculating the total fare Metered Rate of Fare The meter is required to be engaged when a cab is occupied by anyone $3.00 upon entry $0.35 for each additional unit The unit fare is: one-fifth of a mile, when the cab is traveling at 6 miles an hour or more; or 60 seconds when not in motion or traveling at less than 12 miles per hour. Night surcharge of $.50 after 8:00 PM & before 6:00 AM Peak hour Weekday Surcharge of $1.00 Monday - Friday after 4:00 PM & before 8:00 PM New York State Tax Surcharge of $.50 per ride. Example: Friday (2010-10-08) 5:30pm Start at Lexington Ave & E 57th St End at Irving Pl & E 15th St Start = $3.00 Travels 2 miles at less than 6 mph for 15 minutes = $3.50 Travels at more than 12 mph for 5 minutes = $1.75 Peak hour Weekday Surcharge = $1.00 (ride started at 5:30 pm) New York State Tax Surcharge = $0.50 Before we dive into the app, I would like to give brief description about the framework. If you want to jump on to the source code, scroll all the way to the end of the post. MVVM MVVM pattern is in no way related to the usage of PRISM in your application and should be considered if you are using WPF irrespective of PRISM or not. Lets say you are not familiar with MVVM, your typical UI would involve adding some UI controls like text boxes, a button, double clicking on the button, generating event handler, calling a method from business layer and updating the user interface, it works most of the time for developing small scale applications. The problem with this approach is that there is some amount of code specific to business logic wrapped in UI specific code which is hard to unit test it, mock it and MVVM helps to solve the exact problem. MVVM stands for Model(M) – View(V) – ViewModel(VM), based on the interactions with in the three parties it should be called VVMM, MVVM sounds more like MVC (Model-View-Controller) so the name. Why it should be called VVMM: View – View Model - Model WPF allows to create user interfaces using XAML and MVVM takes it to the next level by allowing complete separation of user interface and business logic. In WPF each view will have a property, DataContext when set to an instance of a class (which happens to be your view model) provides the data the view is interested in, i.e., view interacts with view model and at the same time view model interacts with view through DataContext. Sujith, if view and view model are interacting directly with each other how does MVVM is helping me separation of concerns? Well, the catch is DataContext is of type Object, since it is of type object view doesn’t know exact type of view model allowing views and views models to be loosely coupled. View models aggregate data from models (data access layer, services, etc) and make it available for views through properties, methods etc, i.e., View Models interact with Models. PRISM Prism is provided by Microsoft Patterns and Practices team and it can be downloaded from codeplex for source code, samples and documentation on msdn. The name composite implies, to compose user interface from different modules (views) without direct dependencies on each other, again allowing loosely coupled development. Well Sujith, I can already do that with user controls, why shall I learn another framework? That’s correct, you can decouple using user controls, but you still have to manage some amount of coupling, like how to do you communicate between the controls, how do you subscribe/unsubscribe, loading/unloading views dynamically. Prism is not a replacement for user controls, provides the following features which greatly help in designing the composite applications. Dependency Injection (DI)/ Inversion of Control (IoC) Modules Regions Event Aggregator Commands Simply put, MVVM helps building a single view and Prism helps building an application using the views There are other open source alternatives to Prism, like MVVMLight, Cinch, take a look at them as well. Lets dig into the source code. 1. Solution The solution is made of the following projects Framework: Holds the common functionality in building applications using WPF and Prism TaxiClient: Start up project, boot strapping and app styling TaxiCommon: Helps with the business logic TaxiModules: Holds the meat of the application with views and view models TaxiTests: To test the application 2. DI / IoC Dependency Injection (DI) as the name implies refers to injecting dependencies and Inversion of Control (IoC) means the calling code has no direct control on the dependencies, opposite of normal way of programming where dependencies are passed by caller, i.e inversion; aside from some differences in terminology the concept is same in both the cases. The idea behind DI/IoC pattern is to reduce the amount of direct coupling between different components of the application, the higher the dependency the more tightly coupled the application resulting in code which is hard to modify, unit test and mock. Initializing Dependency Injection through BootStrapper TaxiClient is the starting project of the solution and App (App.xaml) is the starting class that gets called when you run the application. From the App’s OnStartup method we will invoke BootStrapper. namespace TaxiClient { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for App.xaml /// </summary> public partial class App : Application { protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e) { base.OnStartup(e); (new BootStrapper()).Run(); } } } BootStrapper is your contact point for initializing the application including dependency injection, creating Shell and other frameworks. We are going to use Unity for DI and there are lot of open source DI frameworks like Spring.Net, StructureMap etc with different feature set and you can choose a framework based on your preferences. Note that Prism comes with in built support for Unity, for example we are deriving from UnityBootStrapper in our case and for any other DI framework you have to extend the Prism appropriately namespace TaxiClient { public class BootStrapper: UnityBootstrapper { protected override IModuleCatalog CreateModuleCatalog() { return new ConfigurationModuleCatalog(); } protected override DependencyObject CreateShell() { Framework.FrameworkBootStrapper.Run(Container, Application.Current.Dispatcher); Shell shell = new Shell(); shell.ResizeMode = ResizeMode.NoResize; shell.Show(); return shell; } } } Lets take a look into FrameworkBootStrapper to check out how to register with unity container. namespace Framework { public class FrameworkBootStrapper { public static void Run(IUnityContainer container, Dispatcher dispatcher) { UIDispatcher uiDispatcher = new UIDispatcher(dispatcher); container.RegisterInstance<IDispatcherService>(uiDispatcher); container.RegisterType<IInjectSingleViewService, InjectSingleViewService>( new ContainerControlledLifetimeManager()); . . . } } } In the above code we are registering two components with unity container. You shall observe that we are following two different approaches, RegisterInstance and RegisterType. With RegisterInstance we are registering an existing instance and the same instance will be returned for every request made for IDispatcherService and with RegisterType we are requesting unity container to create an instance for us when required, i.e., when I request for an instance for IInjectSingleViewService, unity will create/return an instance of InjectSingleViewService class and with RegisterType we can configure the life time of the instance being created. With ContaienrControllerLifetimeManager, the unity container caches the instance and reuses for any subsequent requests, without recreating a new instance. Lets take a look into FareViewModel.cs and it’s constructor. The constructor takes one parameter IEventAggregator and if you try to find all references in your solution for IEventAggregator, you will not find a single location where an instance of EventAggregator is passed directly to the constructor. The compiler still finds an instance and works fine because Prism is already configured when used with Unity container to return an instance of EventAggregator when requested for IEventAggregator and in this particular case it is called constructor injection. public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator; public FareViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); PropertyChanged += OnPropertyChanged; } ... 3. Shell Shells are very similar in operation to Master Pages in asp.net or MDI in Windows Forms. And shells contain regions which display the views, you can have as many regions as you wish in a given view. You can also nest regions. i.e, one region can load a view which in itself may contain other regions. We have to create a shell at the start of the application and are doing it by overriding CreateShell method from BootStrapper From the following Shell.xaml you shall notice that we have two content controls with Region names as ‘MenuRegion’ and ‘MainRegion’. The idea here is that you can inject any user controls into the regions dynamically, i.e., a Menu User Control for MenuRegion and based on the user action you can load appropriate view into MainRegion. <Window x:Class="TaxiClient.Shell" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Regions="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Regions;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism" Title="Taxi" Height="370" Width="800"> <Grid Margin="2"> <ContentControl Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MenuRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" /> <ContentControl Grid.Row="1" Regions:RegionManager.RegionName="MainRegion" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Stretch" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch" />  </Grid> </Window> 4. Modules Prism provides the ability to build composite applications and modules play an important role in it. For example if you are building a Mortgage Loan Processor application with 3 components, i.e. customer’s credit history, existing mortgages, new home/loan information; and consider that the customer’s credit history component involves gathering data about his/her address, background information, job details etc. The idea here using Prism modules is to separate the implementation of these 3 components into their own visual studio projects allowing to build components with no dependency on each other and independently. If we need to add another component to the application, the component can be developed by in house team or some other team in the organization by starting with a new Visual Studio project and adding to the solution at the run time with very little knowledge about the application. Prism modules are defined by implementing the IModule interface and each visual studio project to be considered as a module should implement the IModule interface. From the BootStrapper.cs you shall observe that we are overriding the method by returning a ConfiguratingModuleCatalog which returns the modules that are registered for the application using the app.config file and you can also add module using code. Lets take a look into configuration file. <?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration> <configSections> <section name="modules" type="Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Modularity.ModulesConfigurationSection, Microsoft.Practices.Prism"/> </configSections> <modules> <module assemblyFile="TaxiModules.dll" moduleType="TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer, TaxiModules" moduleName="TaxiModules"/> </modules> </configuration> Here we are adding TaxiModules project to our solution and TaxiModules.ModuleInitializer implements IModule interface 5. Module Mapper With Prism modules you can dynamically add or remove modules from the regions, apart from that Prism also provides API to control adding/removing the views from a region within the same module. Taxi Information Screen: Engage the Taxi Screen: The sample application has two screens, ‘Taxi Information’ and ‘Engage the Taxi’ and they both reside in same module, TaxiModules. ‘Engage the Taxi’ is again made of two user controls, FareView on the left and TotalView on the right. We have created a Shell with two regions, MenuRegion and MainRegion with menu loaded into MenuRegion. We can create a wrapper user control called EngageTheTaxi made of FareView and TotalView and load either TaxiInfo or EngageTheTaxi into MainRegion based on the user action. Though it will work it tightly binds the user controls and for every combination of user controls, we need to create a dummy wrapper control to contain them. Instead we can apply the principles we learned so far from Shell/regions and introduce another template (LeftAndRightRegionView.xaml) made of two regions Region1 (left) and Region2 (right) and load FareView and TotalView dynamically. To help with loading of the views dynamically I have introduce an helper an interface, IInjectSingleViewService, idea suggested by Mike Taulty, a must read blog for .Net developers. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public interface IInjectSingleViewService : INotifyPropertyChanged { IEnumerable<CommandViewDefinition> Commands { get; } IEnumerable<ModuleViewDefinition> Modules { get; } void RegisterViewForRegion(string commandName, string viewName, string regionName, Type viewType); void ClearViewFromRegion(string viewName, string regionName); void RegisterModule(string moduleName, IList<ModuleMapper> moduleMappers); } } The Interface declares three methods to work with views: RegisterViewForRegion: Registers a view with a particular region. You can register multiple views and their regions under one command. When this particular command is invoked all the views registered under it will be loaded into their regions. ClearViewFromRegion: To unload a specific view from a region. RegisterModule: The idea is when a command is invoked you can load the UI with set of controls in their default position and based on the user interaction, you can load different contols in to different regions on the fly. And it is supported ModuleViewDefinition and ModuleMappers as shown below. namespace Framework.PresentationUtility.Navigation { public class ModuleViewDefinition { public string ModuleName { get; set; } public IList<ModuleMapper> ModuleMappers; public ICommand Command { get; set; } } public class ModuleMapper { public string ViewName { get; set; } public string RegionName { get; set; } public Type ViewType { get; set; } } } 6. Event Aggregator Prism event aggregator enables messaging between components as in Observable pattern, Notifier notifies the Observer which receives notification it is interested in. When it comes to Observable pattern, Observer has to unsubscribes for notifications when it no longer interested in notifications, which allows the Notifier to remove the Observer’s reference from it’s local cache. Though .Net has managed garbage collection it cannot remove inactive the instances referenced by an active instance resulting in memory leak, keeping the Observers in memory as long as Notifier stays in memory. Developers have to be very careful to unsubscribe when necessary and it often gets overlooked, to overcome these problems Prism Event Aggregator uses weak references to cache the reference (Observer in this case) and releases the reference (memory) once the instance goes out of scope. Using event aggregator is very simple, declare a generic type of CompositePresenationEvent by inheriting from it. using Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Events; using TaxiCommon.BAO; namespace TaxiCommon.CompositeEvents { public class TaxiOnMoveEvent:CompositePresentationEvent<TaxiOnMove> { } } TaxiOnMove.cs includes the properties which we want to exchange between the parties, FareView and TotalView. using System; namespace TaxiCommon.BAO { public class TaxiOnMove { public TimeSpan MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get; set; } public double MilesAtSixMPH { get; set; } } } Lets take a look into FareViewodel (Notifier) and how it raises the event. Here we are raising the event by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() and publishing it with the payload private void OnAddMinutes(object obj) { TaxiOnMove payload = new TaxiOnMove(); if(MilesAtSixMPH != null) payload.MilesAtSixMPH = MilesAtSixMPH.Value; if(MinutesAtTweleveMPH != null) payload.MinutesAtTweleveMPH = new TimeSpan(0,0,MinutesAtTweleveMPH.Value,0); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Publish(payload); ResetMinutesAndMiles(); } And TotalViewModel(Observer) subscribes to notifications by getting the event through GetEvent<..>() namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { .... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator; public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; ... } private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>() .Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); } ... private void OnTaxiMove(TaxiOnMove taxiOnMove) { OnMoveFare fare = new OnMoveFare(taxiOnMove); Fares.Add(fare); SetTotalFare(new []{fare}); } .... 7. MVVM through example In this section we are going to look into MVVM implementation through example. I have all the modules declared in a single project, TaxiModules, again it is not necessary to have them into one project. Once the user logs into the application, will be greeted with the ‘Engage the Taxi’ screen which is made of two user controls, FareView.xaml and TotalView.Xaml. As you can see from the solution explorer, each of them have their own code behind files and ViewModel classes, FareViewMode.cs, TotalViewModel.cs Lets take a look in to the FareView and how it interacts with FareViewModel using MVVM implementation. FareView.xaml acts as a view and FareViewMode.cs is it’s view model. The FareView code behind class namespace TaxiModules.Views { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for FareView.xaml /// </summary> public partial class FareView : UserControl { public FareView(FareViewModel viewModel) { InitializeComponent(); this.Loaded += (s, e) => { this.DataContext = viewModel; }; } } } The FareView is bound to FareViewModel through the data context and you shall observe that DataContext is of type Object, i.e. the FareView doesn’t really know the type of ViewModel (FareViewModel). This helps separation of View and ViewModel as View and ViewModel are independent of each other, you can bind FareView to FareViewModel2 as well and the application compiles just fine. Lets take a look into FareView xaml file <UserControl x:Class="TaxiModules.Views.FareView" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:Toolkit="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Windows.Controls;assembly=WPFToolkit" xmlns:Commands="clr-namespace:Microsoft.Practices.Prism.Commands;assembly=Microsoft.Practices.Prism"> <Grid Margin="10" > .... <Border Style="{DynamicResource innerBorder}" Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Grid.RowSpan="11" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Panel.ZIndex="1"/> <Label Grid.Row="0" Content="Engage the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="1" Content="Select the State"/> <ComboBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" ItemsSource="{Binding States}" Height="auto"> <ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <DataTemplate> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </ComboBox.ItemTemplate> <ComboBox.SelectedItem> <Binding Path="SelectedState" Mode="TwoWay"/> </ComboBox.SelectedItem> </ComboBox> <Label Grid.Row="2" Content="Select the Date of Entry"/> <Toolkit:DatePicker Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" SelectedDate="{Binding DateOfEntry, ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}" /> <Label Grid.Row="3" Content="Enter time 24hr format"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding TimeOfEntry, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Content="Start the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding StartMeterCommand}" /> <Label Grid.Row="5" Content="Run the Taxi" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Label Grid.Row="6" Content="Number of Miles <@6mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="6" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MilesAtSixMPH, TargetNullValue='', ValidatesOnDataErrors=true}"/> <Label Grid.Row="7" Content="Number of Minutes @12mph"/> <TextBox Grid.Row="7" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding MinutesAtTweleveMPH, TargetNullValue=''}"/> <Button Grid.Row="8" Grid.Column="1" Content="Add Minutes and Miles " Commands:Click.Command="{Binding AddMinutesCommand}"/> <Label Grid.Row="9" Content="Other Operations" Style="{DynamicResource innerHeader}"/> <Button Grid.Row="10" Grid.Column="1" Content="Reset the Meter" Commands:Click.Command="{Binding ResetCommand}"/> </Grid> </UserControl> The highlighted code from the above code shows data binding, for example ComboBox which displays list of states has it’s ItemsSource bound to States property, with DataTemplate bound to Name and SelectedItem to SelectedState. You might be wondering what are all these properties and how it is able to bind to them. The answer lies in data context, i.e., when you bound a control, WPF looks for data context on the root object (Grid in this case) and if it can’t find data context it will look into root’s root, i.e. FareView UserControl and it is bound to FareViewModel. Each of those properties have be declared on the ViewModel for the View to bind correctly. To put simply, View is bound to ViewModel through data context of type object and every control that is bound on the View actually binds to the public property on the ViewModel. Lets look into the ViewModel code (the following code is not an exact copy of FareViewMode.cs, pasted relevant code for this section) namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class FareViewModel:ObservableBase, IDataErrorInfo { public List<USState> States { get { return USStates.StateList; } } public USState SelectedState { get { return _selectedState; } set { _selectedState = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_selectedStatePropertyName); } } public DateTime? DateOfEntry { get { return _dateOfEntry; } set { _dateOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_dateOfEntryPropertyName); } } public TimeSpan? TimeOfEntry { get { return _timeOfEntry; } set { _timeOfEntry = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_timeOfEntryPropertyName); } } public double? MilesAtSixMPH { get { return _milesAtSixMPH; } set { _milesAtSixMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_distanceAtSixMPHPropertyName); } } public int? MinutesAtTweleveMPH { get { return _minutesAtTweleveMPH; } set { _minutesAtTweleveMPH = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_minutesAtTweleveMPHPropertyName); } } public ICommand StartMeterCommand { get { if(_startMeterCommand == null) { _startMeterCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnStartMeter, CanStartMeter); } return _startMeterCommand; } } public ICommand AddMinutesCommand { get { if(_addMinutesCommand == null) { _addMinutesCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnAddMinutes, CanAddMinutes); } return _addMinutesCommand; } } public ICommand ResetCommand { get { if(_resetCommand == null) { _resetCommand = new DelegateCommand<object>(OnResetCommand); } return _resetCommand; } } } private void OnStartMeter(object obj) { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Publish( new TaxiStarted() { EngagedOn = DateOfEntry.Value.Date + TimeOfEntry.Value, EngagedState = SelectedState.Value }); _isMeterStarted = true; OnPropertyChanged(this,null); } And views communicate user actions like button clicks, tree view item selections, etc using commands. When user clicks on ‘Start the Meter’ button it invokes the method StartMeterCommand, which calls the method OnStartMeter which publishes the event to TotalViewModel using event aggregator and TaxiStartedEvent. namespace TaxiModules.ViewModels { public class TotalViewModel:ObservableBase { ... private IEventAggregator _eventAggregator; public TotalViewModel(IEventAggregator eventAggregator) { _eventAggregator = eventAggregator; InitializePropertyNames(); InitializeModel(); SubscribeToEvents(); } public decimal? TotalFare { get { return _totalFare; } set { _totalFare = value; RaisePropertyChanged(_totalFarePropertyName); } } .... private void SubscribeToEvents() { _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiStartedEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiStarted, ThreadOption.UIThread,false,(filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiOnMoveEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiMove, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); _eventAggregator.GetEvent<TaxiResetEvent>().Subscribe(OnTaxiReset, ThreadOption.UIThread, false, (filter) => true); } private void OnTaxiStarted(TaxiStarted taxiStarted) { Fares.Add(new EntryFare()); Fares.Add(new StateTaxFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new NightSurchargeFare(taxiStarted)); Fares.Add(new PeakHourWeekdayFare(taxiStarted)); SetTotalFare(Fares); } private void SetTotalFare(IEnumerable<IFare> fares) { TotalFare = (_totalFare ?? 0) + TaxiFareHelper.GetTotalFare(fares); } .... } } TotalViewModel subscribes to events, TaxiStartedEvent and rest. When TaxiStartedEvent gets invoked it calls the OnTaxiStarted method which sets the total fare which includes entry fee, state tax, nightly surcharge, peak hour weekday fare. Note that TotalViewModel derives from ObservableBase which implements the method RaisePropertyChanged which we are invoking in Set of TotalFare property, i.e, once we update the TotalFare property it raises an the event that allows the TotalFare text box to fetch the new value through the data context. ViewModel is communicating with View through data context and it has no knowledge about View, helping in loose coupling of ViewModel and View. I have attached the source code (.Net 4.0, Prism 4.0, VS 2010) , download and play with it and don’t forget to leave your comments.

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Service Discovery in WCF 4.0 – Part 1

- by Shaun

When designing a service oriented architecture (SOA) system, there will be a lot of services with many service contracts, endpoints and behaviors. Besides the client calling the service, in a large distributed system a service may invoke other services. In this case, one service might need to know the endpoints it invokes. This might not be a problem in a small system. But when you have more than 10 services this might be a problem. For example in my current product, there are around 10 services, such as the user authentication service, UI integration service, location service, license service, device monitor service, event monitor service, schedule job service, accounting service, player management service, etc.. Benefit of Discovery Service Since almost all my services need to invoke at least one other service. This would be a difficult task to make sure all services endpoints are configured correctly in every service. And furthermore, it would be a nightmare when a service changed its endpoint at runtime. Hence, we need a discovery service to remove the dependency (configuration dependency). A discovery service plays as a service dictionary which stores the relationship between the contracts and the endpoints for every service. By using the discovery service, when service X wants to invoke service Y, it just need to ask the discovery service where is service Y, then the discovery service will return all proper endpoints of service Y, then service X can use the endpoint to send the request to service Y. And when some services changed their endpoint address, all need to do is to update its records in the discovery service then all others will know its new endpoint. In WCF 4.0 Discovery it supports both managed proxy discovery mode and ad-hoc discovery mode. In ad-hoc mode there is no standalone discovery service. When a client wanted to invoke a service, it will broadcast an message (normally in UDP protocol) to the entire network with the service match criteria. All services which enabled the discovery behavior will receive this message and only those matched services will send their endpoint back to the client. The managed proxy discovery service works as I described above. In this post I will only cover the managed proxy mode, where there’s a discovery service. For more information about the ad-hoc mode please refer to the MSDN. Service Announcement and Probe The main functionality of discovery service should be return the proper endpoint addresses back to the service who is looking for. In most cases the consume service (as a client) will send the contract which it wanted to request to the discovery service. And then the discovery service will find the endpoint and respond. Sometimes the contract and endpoint are not enough. It also contains versioning, extensions attributes. This post I will only cover the case includes contract and endpoint. When a client (or sometimes a service who need to invoke another service) need to connect to a target service, it will firstly request the discovery service through the “Probe” method with the criteria. Basically the criteria contains the contract type name of the target service. Then the discovery service will search its endpoint repository by the criteria. The repository might be a database, a distributed cache or a flat XML file. If it matches, the discovery service will grab the endpoint information (it’s called discovery endpoint metadata in WCF) and send back. And this is called “Probe”. Finally the client received the discovery endpoint metadata and will use the endpoint to connect to the target service. Besides the probe, discovery service should take the responsible to know there is a new service available when it goes online, as well as stopped when it goes offline. This feature is named “Announcement”. When a service started and stopped, it will announce to the discovery service. So the basic functionality of a discovery service should includes: 1, An endpoint which receive the service online message, and add the service endpoint information in the discovery repository. 2, An endpoint which receive the service offline message, and remove the service endpoint information from the discovery repository. 3, An endpoint which receive the client probe message, and return the matches service endpoints, and return the discovery endpoint metadata. WCF 4.0 discovery service just covers all these features in it's infrastructure classes. Discovery Service in WCF 4.0 WCF 4.0 introduced a new assembly named System.ServiceModel.Discovery which has all necessary classes and interfaces to build a WS-Discovery compliant discovery service. It supports ad-hoc and managed proxy modes. For the case mentioned in this post, what we need to build is a standalone discovery service, which is the managed proxy discovery service mode. To build a managed discovery service in WCF 4.0 just create a new class inherits from the abstract class System.ServiceModel.Discovery.DiscoveryProxy. This class implemented and abstracted the procedures of service announcement and probe. And it exposes 8 abstract methods where we can implement our own endpoint register, unregister and find logic. These 8 methods are asynchronized, which means all invokes to the discovery service are asynchronously, for better service capability and performance. 1, OnBeginOnlineAnnouncement, OnEndOnlineAnnouncement: Invoked when a service sent the online announcement message. We need to add the endpoint information to the repository in this method. 2, OnBeginOfflineAnnouncement, OnEndOfflineAnnouncement: Invoked when a service sent the offline announcement message. We need to remove the endpoint information from the repository in this method. 3, OnBeginFind, OnEndFind: Invoked when a client sent the probe message that want to find the service endpoint information. We need to look for the proper endpoints by matching the client’s criteria through the repository in this method. 4, OnBeginResolve, OnEndResolve: Invoked then a client sent the resolve message. Different from the find method, when using resolve method the discovery service will return the exactly one service endpoint metadata to the client. In our example we will NOT implement this method. Let’s create our own discovery service, inherit the base System.ServiceModel.Discovery.DiscoveryProxy. We also need to specify the service behavior in this class. Since the build-in discovery service host class only support the singleton mode, we must set its instance context mode to single. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Text; 5: using System.ServiceModel.Discovery; 6: using System.ServiceModel; 7: 8: namespace Phare.Service 9: { 10: [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)] 11: public class ManagedProxyDiscoveryService : DiscoveryProxy 12: { 13: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginFind(FindRequestContext findRequestContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 14: { 15: throw new NotImplementedException(); 16: } 17: 18: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginOfflineAnnouncement(DiscoveryMessageSequence messageSequence, EndpointDiscoveryMetadata endpointDiscoveryMetadata, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 19: { 20: throw new NotImplementedException(); 21: } 22: 23: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginOnlineAnnouncement(DiscoveryMessageSequence messageSequence, EndpointDiscoveryMetadata endpointDiscoveryMetadata, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 24: { 25: throw new NotImplementedException(); 26: } 27: 28: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginResolve(ResolveCriteria resolveCriteria, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 29: { 30: throw new NotImplementedException(); 31: } 32: 33: protected override void OnEndFind(IAsyncResult result) 34: { 35: throw new NotImplementedException(); 36: } 37: 38: protected override void OnEndOfflineAnnouncement(IAsyncResult result) 39: { 40: throw new NotImplementedException(); 41: } 42: 43: protected override void OnEndOnlineAnnouncement(IAsyncResult result) 44: { 45: throw new NotImplementedException(); 46: } 47: 48: protected override EndpointDiscoveryMetadata OnEndResolve(IAsyncResult result) 49: { 50: throw new NotImplementedException(); 51: } 52: } 53: } Then let’s implement the online, offline and find methods one by one. WCF discovery service gives us full flexibility to implement the endpoint add, remove and find logic. For the demo purpose we will use an internal dictionary to store the services’ endpoint metadata. In the next post we will see how to serialize and store these information in database. Define a concurrent dictionary inside the service class since our it will be used in the multiple threads scenario. 1: [ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode = InstanceContextMode.Single, ConcurrencyMode = ConcurrencyMode.Multiple)] 2: public class ManagedProxyDiscoveryService : DiscoveryProxy 3: { 4: private ConcurrentDictionary<EndpointAddress, EndpointDiscoveryMetadata> _services; 5: 6: public ManagedProxyDiscoveryService() 7: { 8: _services = new ConcurrentDictionary<EndpointAddress, EndpointDiscoveryMetadata>(); 9: } 10: } Then we can simply implement the logic of service online and offline. 1: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginOnlineAnnouncement(DiscoveryMessageSequence messageSequence, EndpointDiscoveryMetadata endpointDiscoveryMetadata, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 2: { 3: _services.AddOrUpdate(endpointDiscoveryMetadata.Address, endpointDiscoveryMetadata, (key, value) => endpointDiscoveryMetadata); 4: return new OnOnlineAnnouncementAsyncResult(callback, state); 5: } 6: 7: protected override void OnEndOnlineAnnouncement(IAsyncResult result) 8: { 9: OnOnlineAnnouncementAsyncResult.End(result); 10: } 11: 12: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginOfflineAnnouncement(DiscoveryMessageSequence messageSequence, EndpointDiscoveryMetadata endpointDiscoveryMetadata, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 13: { 14: EndpointDiscoveryMetadata endpoint = null; 15: _services.TryRemove(endpointDiscoveryMetadata.Address, out endpoint); 16: return new OnOfflineAnnouncementAsyncResult(callback, state); 17: } 18: 19: protected override void OnEndOfflineAnnouncement(IAsyncResult result) 20: { 21: OnOfflineAnnouncementAsyncResult.End(result); 22: } Regards the find method, the parameter FindRequestContext.Criteria has a method named IsMatch, which can be use for us to evaluate which service metadata is satisfied with the criteria. So the implementation of find method would be like this. 1: protected override IAsyncResult OnBeginFind(FindRequestContext findRequestContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 2: { 3: _services.Where(s => findRequestContext.Criteria.IsMatch(s.Value)) 4: .Select(s => s.Value) 5: .All(meta => 6: { 7: findRequestContext.AddMatchingEndpoint(meta); 8: return true; 9: }); 10: return new OnFindAsyncResult(callback, state); 11: } 12: 13: protected override void OnEndFind(IAsyncResult result) 14: { 15: OnFindAsyncResult.End(result); 16: } As you can see, we checked all endpoints metadata in repository by invoking the IsMatch method. Then add all proper endpoints metadata into the parameter. Finally since all these methods are asynchronized we need some AsyncResult classes as well. Below are the base class and the inherited classes used in previous methods. 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Text; 5: using System.Threading; 6: 7: namespace Phare.Service 8: { 9: abstract internal class AsyncResult : IAsyncResult 10: { 11: AsyncCallback callback; 12: bool completedSynchronously; 13: bool endCalled; 14: Exception exception; 15: bool isCompleted; 16: ManualResetEvent manualResetEvent; 17: object state; 18: object thisLock; 19: 20: protected AsyncResult(AsyncCallback callback, object state) 21: { 22: this.callback = callback; 23: this.state = state; 24: this.thisLock = new object(); 25: } 26: 27: public object AsyncState 28: { 29: get 30: { 31: return state; 32: } 33: } 34: 35: public WaitHandle AsyncWaitHandle 36: { 37: get 38: { 39: if (manualResetEvent != null) 40: { 41: return manualResetEvent; 42: } 43: lock (ThisLock) 44: { 45: if (manualResetEvent == null) 46: { 47: manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(isCompleted); 48: } 49: } 50: return manualResetEvent; 51: } 52: } 53: 54: public bool CompletedSynchronously 55: { 56: get 57: { 58: return completedSynchronously; 59: } 60: } 61: 62: public bool IsCompleted 63: { 64: get 65: { 66: return isCompleted; 67: } 68: } 69: 70: object ThisLock 71: { 72: get 73: { 74: return this.thisLock; 75: } 76: } 77: 78: protected static TAsyncResult End<TAsyncResult>(IAsyncResult result) 79: where TAsyncResult : AsyncResult 80: { 81: if (result == null) 82: { 83: throw new ArgumentNullException("result"); 84: } 85: 86: TAsyncResult asyncResult = result as TAsyncResult; 87: 88: if (asyncResult == null) 89: { 90: throw new ArgumentException("Invalid async result.", "result"); 91: } 92: 93: if (asyncResult.endCalled) 94: { 95: throw new InvalidOperationException("Async object already ended."); 96: } 97: 98: asyncResult.endCalled = true; 99: 100: if (!asyncResult.isCompleted) 101: { 102: asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(); 103: } 104: 105: if (asyncResult.manualResetEvent != null) 106: { 107: asyncResult.manualResetEvent.Close(); 108: } 109: 110: if (asyncResult.exception != null) 111: { 112: throw asyncResult.exception; 113: } 114: 115: return asyncResult; 116: } 117: 118: protected void Complete(bool completedSynchronously) 119: { 120: if (isCompleted) 121: { 122: throw new InvalidOperationException("This async result is already completed."); 123: } 124: 125: this.completedSynchronously = completedSynchronously; 126: 127: if (completedSynchronously) 128: { 129: this.isCompleted = true; 130: } 131: else 132: { 133: lock (ThisLock) 134: { 135: this.isCompleted = true; 136: if (this.manualResetEvent != null) 137: { 138: this.manualResetEvent.Set(); 139: } 140: } 141: } 142: 143: if (callback != null) 144: { 145: callback(this); 146: } 147: } 148: 149: protected void Complete(bool completedSynchronously, Exception exception) 150: { 151: this.exception = exception; 152: Complete(completedSynchronously); 153: } 154: } 155: } 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Linq; 4: using System.Text; 5: using System.ServiceModel.Discovery; 6: using Phare.Service; 7: 8: namespace Phare.Service 9: { 10: internal sealed class OnOnlineAnnouncementAsyncResult : AsyncResult 11: { 12: public OnOnlineAnnouncementAsyncResult(AsyncCallback callback, object state) 13: : base(callback, state) 14: { 15: this.Complete(true); 16: } 17: 18: public static void End(IAsyncResult result) 19: { 20: AsyncResult.End<OnOnlineAnnouncementAsyncResult>(result); 21: } 22: 23: } 24: 25: sealed class OnOfflineAnnouncementAsyncResult : AsyncResult 26: { 27: public OnOfflineAnnouncementAsyncResult(AsyncCallback callback, object state) 28: : base(callback, state) 29: { 30: this.Complete(true); 31: } 32: 33: public static void End(IAsyncResult result) 34: { 35: AsyncResult.End<OnOfflineAnnouncementAsyncResult>(result); 36: } 37: } 38: 39: sealed class OnFindAsyncResult : AsyncResult 40: { 41: public OnFindAsyncResult(AsyncCallback callback, object state) 42: : base(callback, state) 43: { 44: this.Complete(true); 45: } 46: 47: public static void End(IAsyncResult result) 48: { 49: AsyncResult.End<OnFindAsyncResult>(result); 50: } 51: } 52: 53: sealed class OnResolveAsyncResult : AsyncResult 54: { 55: EndpointDiscoveryMetadata matchingEndpoint; 56: 57: public OnResolveAsyncResult(EndpointDiscoveryMetadata matchingEndpoint, AsyncCallback callback, object state) 58: : base(callback, state) 59: { 60: this.matchingEndpoint = matchingEndpoint; 61: this.Complete(true); 62: } 63: 64: public static EndpointDiscoveryMetadata End(IAsyncResult result) 65: { 66: OnResolveAsyncResult thisPtr = AsyncResult.End<OnResolveAsyncResult>(result); 67: return thisPtr.matchingEndpoint; 68: } 69: } 70: } Now we have finished the discovery service. The next step is to host it. The discovery service is a standard WCF service. So we can use ServiceHost on a console application, windows service, or in IIS as usual. The following code is how to host the discovery service we had just created in a console application. 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: using (var host = new ServiceHost(new ManagedProxyDiscoveryService())) 4: { 5: host.Opened += (sender, e) => 6: { 7: host.Description.Endpoints.All((ep) => 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine(ep.ListenUri); 10: return true; 11: }); 12: }; 13: 14: try 15: { 16: // retrieve the announcement, probe endpoint and binding from configuration 17: var announcementEndpointAddress = new EndpointAddress(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["announcementEndpointAddress"]); 18: var probeEndpointAddress = new EndpointAddress(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["probeEndpointAddress"]); 19: var binding = Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bindingType"], true, true)) as Binding; 20: var announcementEndpoint = new AnnouncementEndpoint(binding, announcementEndpointAddress); 21: var probeEndpoint = new DiscoveryEndpoint(binding, probeEndpointAddress); 22: probeEndpoint.IsSystemEndpoint = false; 23: // append the service endpoint for announcement and probe 24: host.AddServiceEndpoint(announcementEndpoint); 25: host.AddServiceEndpoint(probeEndpoint); 26: 27: host.Open(); 28: 29: Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); 30: Console.ReadKey(); 31: } 32: catch (Exception ex) 33: { 34: Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString()); 35: } 36: } 37: 38: Console.WriteLine("Done."); 39: Console.ReadKey(); 40: } What we need to notice is that, the discovery service needs two endpoints for announcement and probe. In this example I just retrieve them from the configuration file. I also specified the binding of these two endpoints in configuration file as well. 1: <?xml version="1.0"?> 2: <configuration> 3: <startup> 4: <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/> 5: </startup> 6: <appSettings> 7: <add key="announcementEndpointAddress" value="net.tcp://localhost:10010/announcement"/> 8: <add key="probeEndpointAddress" value="net.tcp://localhost:10011/probe"/> 9: <add key="bindingType" value="System.ServiceModel.NetTcpBinding, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> 10: </appSettings> 11: </configuration> And this is the console screen when I ran my discovery service. As you can see there are two endpoints listening for announcement message and probe message. Discoverable Service and Client Next, let’s create a WCF service that is discoverable, which means it can be found by the discovery service. To do so, we need to let the service send the online announcement message to the discovery service, as well as offline message before it shutdown. Just create a simple service which can make the incoming string to upper. The service contract and implementation would be like this. 1: [ServiceContract] 2: public interface IStringService 3: { 4: [OperationContract] 5: string ToUpper(string content); 6: } 1: public class StringService : IStringService 2: { 3: public string ToUpper(string content) 4: { 5: return content.ToUpper(); 6: } 7: } Then host this service in the console application. In order to make the discovery service easy to be tested the service address will be changed each time it’s started. 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: var baseAddress = new Uri(string.Format("net.tcp://localhost:11001/stringservice/{0}/", Guid.NewGuid().ToString())); 4: 5: using (var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(StringService), baseAddress)) 6: { 7: host.Opened += (sender, e) => 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine("Service opened at {0}", host.Description.Endpoints.First().ListenUri); 10: }; 11: 12: host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(IStringService), new NetTcpBinding(), string.Empty); 13: 14: host.Open(); 15: 16: Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); 17: Console.ReadKey(); 18: } 19: } Currently this service is NOT discoverable. We need to add a special service behavior so that it could send the online and offline message to the discovery service announcement endpoint when the host is opened and closed. WCF 4.0 introduced a service behavior named ServiceDiscoveryBehavior. When we specified the announcement endpoint address and appended it to the service behaviors this service will be discoverable. 1: var announcementAddress = new EndpointAddress(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["announcementEndpointAddress"]); 2: var announcementBinding = Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bindingType"], true, true)) as Binding; 3: var announcementEndpoint = new AnnouncementEndpoint(announcementBinding, announcementAddress); 4: var discoveryBehavior = new ServiceDiscoveryBehavior(); 5: discoveryBehavior.AnnouncementEndpoints.Add(announcementEndpoint); 6: host.Description.Behaviors.Add(discoveryBehavior); The ServiceDiscoveryBehavior utilizes the service extension and channel dispatcher to implement the online and offline announcement logic. In short, it injected the channel open and close procedure and send the online and offline message to the announcement endpoint. On client side, when we have the discovery service, a client can invoke a service without knowing its endpoint. WCF discovery assembly provides a class named DiscoveryClient, which can be used to find the proper service endpoint by passing the criteria. In the code below I initialized the DiscoveryClient, specified the discovery service probe endpoint address. Then I created the find criteria by specifying the service contract I wanted to use and invoke the Find method. This will send the probe message to the discovery service and it will find the endpoints back to me. The discovery service will return all endpoints that matches the find criteria, which means in the result of the find method there might be more than one endpoints. In this example I just returned the first matched one back. In the next post I will show how to extend our discovery service to make it work like a service load balancer. 1: static EndpointAddress FindServiceEndpoint() 2: { 3: var probeEndpointAddress = new EndpointAddress(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["probeEndpointAddress"]); 4: var probeBinding = Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bindingType"], true, true)) as Binding; 5: var discoveryEndpoint = new DiscoveryEndpoint(probeBinding, probeEndpointAddress); 6: 7: EndpointAddress address = null; 8: FindResponse result = null; 9: using (var discoveryClient = new DiscoveryClient(discoveryEndpoint)) 10: { 11: result = discoveryClient.Find(new FindCriteria(typeof(IStringService))); 12: } 13: 14: if (result != null && result.Endpoints.Any()) 15: { 16: var endpointMetadata = result.Endpoints.First(); 17: address = endpointMetadata.Address; 18: } 19: return address; 20: } Once we probed the discovery service we will receive the endpoint. So in the client code we can created the channel factory from the endpoint and binding, and invoke to the service. When creating the client side channel factory we need to make sure that the client side binding should be the same as the service side. WCF discovery service can be used to find the endpoint for a service contract, but the binding is NOT included. This is because the binding was not in the WS-Discovery specification. In the next post I will demonstrate how to add the binding information into the discovery service. At that moment the client don’t need to create the binding by itself. Instead it will use the binding received from the discovery service. 1: static void Main(string[] args) 2: { 3: Console.WriteLine("Say something..."); 4: var content = Console.ReadLine(); 5: while (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(content)) 6: { 7: Console.WriteLine("Finding the service endpoint..."); 8: var address = FindServiceEndpoint(); 9: if (address == null) 10: { 11: Console.WriteLine("There is no endpoint matches the criteria."); 12: } 13: else 14: { 15: Console.WriteLine("Found the endpoint {0}", address.Uri); 16: 17: var factory = new ChannelFactory<IStringService>(new NetTcpBinding(), address); 18: factory.Opened += (sender, e) => 19: { 20: Console.WriteLine("Connecting to {0}.", factory.Endpoint.ListenUri); 21: }; 22: var proxy = factory.CreateChannel(); 23: using (proxy as IDisposable) 24: { 25: Console.WriteLine("ToUpper: {0} => {1}", content, proxy.ToUpper(content)); 26: } 27: } 28: 29: Console.WriteLine("Say something..."); 30: content = Console.ReadLine(); 31: } 32: } Similarly, the discovery service probe endpoint and binding were defined in the configuration file. 1: <?xml version="1.0"?> 2: <configuration> 3: <startup> 4: <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/> 5: </startup> 6: <appSettings> 7: <add key="announcementEndpointAddress" value="net.tcp://localhost:10010/announcement"/> 8: <add key="probeEndpointAddress" value="net.tcp://localhost:10011/probe"/> 9: <add key="bindingType" value="System.ServiceModel.NetTcpBinding, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"/> 10: </appSettings> 11: </configuration> OK, now let’s have a test. Firstly start the discovery service, and then start our discoverable service. When it started it will announced to the discovery service and registered its endpoint into the repository, which is the local dictionary. And then start the client and type something. As you can see the client asked the discovery service for the endpoint and then establish the connection to the discoverable service. And more interesting, do NOT close the client console but terminate the discoverable service but press the enter key. This will make the service send the offline message to the discovery service. Then start the discoverable service again. Since we made it use a different address each time it started, currently it should be hosted on another address. If we enter something in the client we could see that it asked the discovery service and retrieve the new endpoint, and connect the the service. Summary In this post I discussed the benefit of using the discovery service and the procedures of service announcement and probe. I also demonstrated how to leverage the WCF Discovery feature in WCF 4.0 to build a simple managed discovery service. For test purpose, in this example I used the in memory dictionary as the discovery endpoint metadata repository. And when finding I also just return the first matched endpoint back. I also hard coded the bindings between the discoverable service and the client. In next post I will show you how to solve the problem mentioned above, as well as some additional feature for production usage. You can download the code here. Hope this helps, Shaun All documents and related graphics, codes are provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind. Copyright © Shaun Ziyan Xu. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.

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Web Browser Control – Specifying the IE Version

- by Rick Strahl

I use the Internet Explorer Web Browser Control in a lot of my applications to display document type layout. HTML happens to be one of the most common document formats and displaying data in this format – even in desktop applications, is often way easier than using normal desktop technologies. One issue the Web Browser Control has that it’s perpetually stuck in IE 7 rendering mode by default. Even though IE 8 and now 9 have significantly upgraded the IE rendering engine to be more CSS and HTML compliant by default the Web Browser control will have none of it. IE 9 in particular – with its much improved CSS support and basic HTML 5 support is a big improvement and even though the IE control uses some of IE’s internal rendering technology it’s still stuck in the old IE 7 rendering by default. This applies whether you’re using the Web Browser control in a WPF application, a WinForms app, a FoxPro or VB classic application using the ActiveX control. Behind the scenes all these UI platforms use the COM interfaces and so you’re stuck by those same rules. Rendering Challenged To see what I’m talking about here are two screen shots rendering an HTML 5 doctype page that includes some CSS 3 functionality – rounded corners and border shadows - from an earlier post. One uses IE 9 as a standalone browser, and one uses a simple WPF form that includes the Web Browser control. IE 9 Browser: Web Browser control in a WPF form: The IE 9 page displays this HTML correctly – you see the rounded corners and shadow displayed. Obviously the latter rendering using the Web Browser control in a WPF application is a bit lacking. Not only are the new CSS features missing but the page also renders in Internet Explorer’s quirks mode so all the margins, padding etc. behave differently by default, even though there’s a CSS reset applied on this page. If you’re building an application that intends to use the Web Browser control for a live preview of some HTML this is clearly undesirable. Feature Delegation via Registry Hacks Fortunately starting with Internet Explore 8 and later there’s a fix for this problem via a registry setting. You can specify a registry key to specify which rendering mode and version of IE should be used by that application. These are not global mind you – they have to be enabled for each application individually. There are two different sets of keys for 32 bit and 64 bit applications. 32 bit: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\MAIN\FeatureControl\FEATURE_BROWSER_EMULATION Value Key: yourapplication.exe 64 bit: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\MAIN\FeatureControl\FEATURE_BROWSER_EMULATION Value Key: yourapplication.exe The value to set this key to is (taken from MSDN here) as decimal values: 9999 (0x270F) Internet Explorer 9. Webpages are displayed in IE9 Standards mode, regardless of the !DOCTYPE directive. 9000 (0x2328) Internet Explorer 9. Webpages containing standards-based !DOCTYPE directives are displayed in IE9 mode. 8888 (0x22B8) Webpages are displayed in IE8 Standards mode, regardless of the !DOCTYPE directive. 8000 (0x1F40) Webpages containing standards-based !DOCTYPE directives are displayed in IE8 mode. 7000 (0x1B58) Webpages containing standards-based !DOCTYPE directives are displayed in IE7 Standards mode. The added key looks something like this in the Registry Editor: With this in place my Html Html Help Builder application which has wwhelp.exe as its main executable now works with HTML 5 and CSS 3 documents in the same way that Internet Explorer 9 does. Incidentally I accidentally added an ‘empty’ DWORD value of 0 to my EXE name and that worked as well giving me IE 9 rendering. Although not documented I suspect 0 (or an invalid value) will default to the installed browser. Don’t have a good way to test this but if somebody could try this with IE 8 installed that would be great: What happens when setting 9000 with IE 8 installed? What happens when setting 0 with IE 8 installed? Don’t forget to add Keys for Host Environments If you’re developing your application in Visual Studio and you run the debugger you may find that your application is still not rendering right, but if you run the actual generated EXE from Explorer or the OS command prompt it works. That’s because when you run the debugger in Visual Studio it wraps your application into a debugging host container. For this reason you might want to also add another registry key for yourapp.vshost.exe on your development machine. If you’re developing in Visual FoxPro make sure you add a key for vfp9.exe to see the rendering adjustments in the Visual FoxPro development environment. Cleaner HTML - no more HTML mangling! There are a number of additional benefits to setting up rendering of the Web Browser control to the IE 9 engine (or even the IE 8 engine) beyond the obvious rendering functionality. IE 9 actually returns your HTML in something that resembles the original HTML formatting, as opposed to the IE 7 default format which mangled the original HTML content. If you do the following in the WPF application: private void button2_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { dynamic doc = this.webBrowser.Document; MessageBox.Show(doc.body.outerHtml); } you get different output depending on the rendering mode active. With the default IE 7 rendering you get: <BODY><DIV> <H1>Rounded Corners and Shadows - Creating Dialogs in CSS</H1> <DIV class=toolbarcontainer><A class=hoverbutton href="./"><IMG src="../../css/images/home.gif"> Home</A> <A class=hoverbutton href="RoundedCornersAndShadows.htm"><IMG src="../../css/images/refresh.gif"> Refresh</A> </DIV> <DIV class=containercontent> <FIELDSET><LEGEND>Plain Box</LEGEND> <DIV style="BORDER-BOTTOM: steelblue 2px solid; BORDER-LEFT: steelblue 2px solid; WIDTH: 550px; BORDER-TOP: steelblue 2px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: steelblue 2px solid" class="roundbox boxshadow"> <DIV style="BACKGROUND: khaki" class="boxcontenttext roundbox">Simple Rounded Corner Box. </DIV></DIV></FIELDSET> <FIELDSET><LEGEND>Box with Header</LEGEND> <DIV style="BORDER-BOTTOM: steelblue 2px solid; BORDER-LEFT: steelblue 2px solid; WIDTH: 550px; BORDER-TOP: steelblue 2px solid; BORDER-RIGHT: steelblue 2px solid" class="roundbox boxshadow"> <DIV class="gridheaderleft roundbox-top">Box with a Header</DIV> <DIV style="BACKGROUND: khaki" class="boxcontenttext roundbox-bottom">Simple Rounded Corner Box. </DIV></DIV></FIELDSET> <FIELDSET><LEGEND>Dialog Style Window</LEGEND> <DIV style="POSITION: relative; WIDTH: 450px" id=divDialog class="dialog boxshadow" jQuery16107208195684204002="2"> <DIV style="POSITION: relative" class=dialog-header> <DIV class=closebox></DIV>User Sign-in <DIV class=closebox jQuery16107208195684204002="3"></DIV></DIV> <DIV class=descriptionheader>This dialog is draggable and closable</DIV> <DIV class=dialog-content><LABEL>Username:</LABEL> <INPUT name=txtUsername value=" "> <LABEL>Password</LABEL> <INPUT name=txtPassword value=" "> <HR> <INPUT id=btnLogin value=Login type=button> </DIV> <DIV class=dialog-statusbar>Ready</DIV></DIV></FIELDSET> </DIV> <SCRIPT type=text/javascript> $(document).ready(function () { $("#divDialog") .draggable({ handle: ".dialog-header" }) .closable({ handle: ".dialog-header", closeHandler: function () { alert("Window about to be closed."); return true; // true closes - false leaves open } }); }); </SCRIPT> </DIV></BODY> Now lest you think I’m out of my mind and create complete whacky HTML rooted in the last century, here’s the IE 9 rendering mode output which looks a heck of a lot cleaner and a lot closer to my original HTML of the page I’m accessing: <body> <div> <h1>Rounded Corners and Shadows - Creating Dialogs in CSS</h1> <div class="toolbarcontainer"> <a class="hoverbutton" href="./"> <img src="../../css/images/home.gif"> Home</a> <a class="hoverbutton" href="RoundedCornersAndShadows.htm"> <img src="../../css/images/refresh.gif"> Refresh</a> </div> <div class="containercontent"> <fieldset> <legend>Plain Box</legend>  <div style="border: 2px solid steelblue; width: 550px;" class="roundbox boxshadow"> <div style="background: khaki;" class="boxcontenttext roundbox"> Simple Rounded Corner Box. </div> </div> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Box with Header</legend> <div style="border: 2px solid steelblue; width: 550px;" class="roundbox boxshadow"> <div class="gridheaderleft roundbox-top">Box with a Header</div> <div style="background: khaki;" class="boxcontenttext roundbox-bottom"> Simple Rounded Corner Box. </div> </div> </fieldset> <fieldset> <legend>Dialog Style Window</legend> <div style="width: 450px; position: relative;" id="divDialog" class="dialog boxshadow"> <div style="position: relative;" class="dialog-header"> <div class="closebox"></div> User Sign-in <div class="closebox"></div></div> <div class="descriptionheader">This dialog is draggable and closable</div> <div class="dialog-content"> <label>Username:</label> <input name="txtUsername" value=" " type="text"> <label>Password</label> <input name="txtPassword" value=" " type="text"> <hr/> <input id="btnLogin" value="Login" type="button"> </div> <div class="dialog-statusbar">Ready</div> </div> </fieldset> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $("#divDialog") .draggable({ handle: ".dialog-header" }) .closable({ handle: ".dialog-header", closeHandler: function () { alert("Window about to be closed."); return true; // true closes - false leaves open } }); }); </script> </div> </body> IOW, in IE9 rendering mode IE9 is much closer (but not identical) to the original HTML from the page on the Web that we’re reading from. As a side note: Unfortunately, the browser feature emulation can't be applied against the Html Help (CHM) Engine in Windows which uses the Web Browser control (or COM interfaces anyway) to render Html Help content. I tried setting up hh.exe which is the help viewer, to use IE 9 rendering but a help file generated with CSS3 features will simply show in IE 7 mode. Bummer - this would have been a nice quick fix to allow help content served from CHM files to look better. HTML Editing leaves HTML formatting intact In the same vane, if you do any inline HTML editing in the control by setting content to be editable, IE 9’s control does a much more reasonable job of creating usable and somewhat valid HTML. It also leaves the original content alone other than the text your are editing or adding. No longer is the HTML output stripped of excess spaces and reformatted in IEs format. So if I do: private void button3_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { dynamic doc = this.webBrowser.Document; doc.body.contentEditable = true; } and then make some changes to the document by typing into it using IE 9 mode, the document formatting stays intact and only the affected content is modified. The created HTML is reasonably clean (although it does lack proper XHTML formatting for things like <br/> <hr/>). This is very different from IE 7 mode which mangled the HTML as soon as the page was loaded into the control. Any editing you did stripped out all white space and lost all of your existing XHTML formatting. In IE 9 mode at least *most* of your original formatting stays intact. This is huge! In Html Help Builder I have supported HTML editing for a long time but the HTML mangling by the Web Browser control made it very difficult to edit the HTML later. Previously IE would mangle the HTML by stripping out spaces, upper casing all tags and converting many XHTML safe tags to its HTML 3 tags. Now IE leaves most of my document alone while editing, and creates cleaner and more compliant markup (with exception of self-closing elements like BR/HR). The end result is that I now have HTML editing in place that's much cleaner and actually capable of being manually edited. Caveats, Caveats, Caveats It wouldn't be Internet Explorer if there weren't some major compatibility issues involved in using this various browser version interaction. The biggest thing I ran into is that there are odd differences in some of the COM interfaces and what they return. I specifically ran into a problem with the document.selection.createRange() function which with IE 7 compatibility returns an expected text range object. When running in IE 8 or IE 9 mode however. I could not retrieve a valid text range with this code where loEdit is the WebBrowser control: loRange = loEdit.document.selection.CreateRange() The loRange object returned (here in FoxPro) had a length property of 0 but none of the other properties of the TextRange or TextRangeCollection objects were available. I figured this was due to some changed security settings but even after elevating the Intranet Security Zone and mucking with the other browser feature flags pertaining to security I had no luck. In the end I relented and used a JavaScript function in my editor document that returns a selection range object: function getselectionrange() { var range = document.selection.createRange(); return range; } and call that JavaScript function from my host applications code: *** Use a function in the document to get around HTML Editing issues loRange = loEdit.document.parentWindow.getselectionrange(.f.) and that does work correctly. This wasn't a big deal as I'm already loading a support script file into the editor page so all I had to do is add the function to this existing script file. You can find out more how to call script code in the Web Browser control from a host application in a previous post of mine. IE 8 and 9 also clamp down the security environment a little more than the default IE 7 control, so there may be other issues you run into. Other than the createRange() problem above I haven't seen anything else that is breaking in my code so far though and that's encouraging at least since it uses a lot of HTML document manipulation for the custom editor I've created (and would love to replace - any PROFESSIONAL alternatives anybody?) Registry Key Installation for your Application It’s important to remember that this registry setting is made per application, so most likely this is something you want to set up with your installer. Also remember that 32 and 64 bit settings require separate settings in the registry so if you’re creating your installer you most likely will want to set both keys in the registry preemptively for your application. I use Tarma Installer for all of my application installs and in Tarma I configure registry keys for both and set a flag to only install the latter key group in the 64 bit version: Because this setting is application specific you have to do this for every application you install unfortunately, but this also means that you can safely configure this setting in the registry because it is after only applied to your application. Another problem with install based installation is version detection. If IE 8 is installed I’d want 8000 for the value, if IE 9 is installed I want 9000. I can do this easily in code but in the installer this is much more difficult. I don’t have a good solution for this at the moment, but given that the app works with IE 7 mode now, IE 9 mode is just a bonus for the moment. If IE 9 is not installed and 9000 is used the default rendering will remain in use. It sure would be nice if we could specify the IE rendering mode as a property, but I suspect the ActiveX container has to know before it loads what actual version to load up and once loaded can only load a single version of IE. This would account for this annoying application level configuration… Summary The registry feature emulation has been available for quite some time, but I just found out about it today and started experimenting around with it. I’m stoked to see that this is available as I’d pretty much given up in ever seeing any better rendering in the Web Browser control. Now at least my apps can take advantage of newer HTML features. Now if we could only get better HTML Editing support somehow <snicker>… ah can’t have everything.© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2011Posted in .NET FoxPro Windows

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What’s New in ASP.NET 4.0 Part Two: WebForms and Visual Studio Enhancements

- by Rick Strahl

In the last installment I talked about the core changes in the ASP.NET runtime that I’ve been taking advantage of. In this column, I’ll cover the changes to the Web Forms engine and some of the cool improvements in Visual Studio that make Web and general development easier. WebForms The WebForms engine is the area that has received most significant changes in ASP.NET 4.0. Probably the most widely anticipated features are related to managing page client ids and of ViewState on WebForm pages. Take Control of Your ClientIDs Unique ClientID generation in ASP.NET has been one of the most complained about “features” in ASP.NET. Although there’s a very good technical reason for these unique generated ids - they guarantee unique ids for each and every server control on a page - these unique and generated ids often get in the way of client-side JavaScript development and CSS styling as it’s often inconvenient and fragile to work with the long, generated ClientIDs. In ASP.NET 4.0 you can now specify an explicit client id mode on each control or each naming container parent control to control how client ids are generated. By default, ASP.NET generates mangled client ids for any control contained in a naming container (like a Master Page, or a User Control for example). The key to ClientID management in ASP.NET 4.0 are the new ClientIDMode and ClientIDRowSuffix properties. ClientIDMode supports four different ClientID generation settings shown below. For the following examples, imagine that you have a Textbox control named txtName inside of a master page control container on a WebForms page. <%@Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication1.WebForm2" %> <asp:Content ID="content" ContentPlaceHolderID="content" runat="server" ClientIDMode="Static" > <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" /> </asp:Content> The four available ClientIDMode values are: AutoID This is the existing behavior in ASP.NET 1.x-3.x where full naming container munging takes place. <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> This should be familiar to any ASP.NET developer and results in fairly unpredictable client ids that can easily change if the containership hierarchy changes. For example, removing the master page changes the name in this case, so if you were to move a block of script code that works against the control to a non-Master page, the script code immediately breaks. Static This option is the most deterministic setting that forces the control’s ClientID to use its ID value directly. No naming container naming at all is applied and you end up with clean client ids: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="txtName" /> Note that the name property which is used for postback variables to the server still is munged, but the ClientID property is displayed simply as the ID value that you have assigned to the control. This option is what most of us want to use, but you have to be clear on that because it can potentially cause conflicts with other controls on the page. If there are several instances of the same naming container (several instances of the same user control for example) there can easily be a client id naming conflict. Note that if you assign Static to a data-bound control, like a list child control in templates, you do not get unique ids either, so for list controls where you rely on unique id for child controls, you’ll probably want to use Predictable rather than Static. I’ll write more on this a little later when I discuss ClientIDRowSuffix. Predictable The previous two values are pretty self-explanatory. Predictable however, requires some explanation. To me at least it’s not in the least bit predictable. MSDN defines this value as follows: This algorithm is used for controls that are in data-bound controls. The ClientID value is generated by concatenating the ClientID value of the parent naming container with the ID value of the control. If the control is a data-bound control that generates multiple rows, the value of the data field specified in the ClientIDRowSuffix property is added at the end. For the GridView control, multiple data fields can be specified. If the ClientIDRowSuffix property is blank, a sequential number is added at the end instead of a data-field value. Each segment is separated by an underscore character (_). The key that makes this value a bit confusing is that it relies on the parent NamingContainer’s ClientID to build its own ClientID value. This effectively means that the value is not predictable at all but rather very tightly coupled to the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For my simple textbox example, if the ClientIDMode property of the parent naming container (Page in this case) is set to “Predictable” you’ll get this: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="content_txtName" /> which gives an id that based on walking up to the currently active naming container (the MasterPage content container) and starting the id formatting from there downward. Think of this as a semi unique name that’s guaranteed unique only for the naming container. If, on the other hand, the Page is set to “AutoID” you get the following with Predictable on txtName: <input name="ctl00$content$txtName" type="text" id="ctl00_content_txtName" /> The latter is effectively the same as if you specified AutoID because it inherits the AutoID naming from the Page and Content Master Page control of the page. But again - predictable behavior always depends on the parent naming container and how it generates its id, so the id may not always be exactly the same as the AutoID generated value because somewhere in the NamingContainer chain the ClientIDMode setting may be set to a different value. For example, if you had another naming container in the middle that was set to Static you’d end up effectively with an id that starts with the NamingContainers id rather than the whole ctl000_content munging. The most common use for Predictable is likely to be for data-bound controls, which results in each data bound item getting a unique ClientID. Unfortunately, even here the behavior can be very unpredictable depending on which data-bound control you use - I found significant differences in how template controls in a GridView behave from those that are used in a ListView control. For example, GridView creates clean child ClientIDs, while ListView still has a naming container in the ClientID, presumably because of the template container on which you can’t set ClientIDMode. Predictable is useful, but only if all naming containers down the chain use this setting. Otherwise you’re right back to the munged ids that are pretty unpredictable. Another property, ClientIDRowSuffix, can be used in combination with ClientIDMode of Predictable to force a suffix onto list client controls. For example: <asp:GridView runat="server" ID="gvItems" AutoGenerateColumns="false" ClientIDMode="Static" ClientIDRowSuffix="Id"> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtName" Text='<%# Eval("Name") %>' ClientIDMode="Predictable"/> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label runat="server" id="txtId" Text='<%# Eval("Id") %>' ClientIDMode="Predictable" /> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:GridView> generates client Ids inside of a column in the master page described earlier: <td> <span id="txtName_0">Rick</span> </td> where the value after the underscore is the ClientIDRowSuffix field - in this case “Id” of the item data bound to the control. Note that all of the child controls require ClientIDMode=”Predictable” in order for the ClientIDRowSuffix to be applied, and the parent GridView controls need to be set to Static either explicitly or via Naming Container inheritance to give these simple names. It’s a bummer that ClientIDRowSuffix doesn’t work with Static to produce this automatically. Another real problem is that other controls process the ClientIDMode differently. For example, a ListView control processes the Predictable ClientIDMode differently and produces the following with the Static ListView and Predictable child controls: <span id="ctrl0_txtName_0">Rick</span> I couldn’t even figure out a way using ClientIDMode to get a simple ID that also uses a suffix short of falling back to manually generated ids using <%= %> expressions instead. Given the inconsistencies inside of list controls using <%= %>, ids for the ListView might not be a bad idea anyway. Inherit The final setting is Inherit, which is the default for all controls except Page. This means that controls by default inherit the parent naming container’s ClientIDMode setting. For more detailed information on ClientID behavior and different scenarios you can check out a blog post of mine on this subject: http://www.west-wind.com/weblog/posts/54760.aspx. ClientID Enhancements Summary The ClientIDMode property is a welcome addition to ASP.NET 4.0. To me this is probably the most useful WebForms feature as it allows me to generate clean IDs simply by setting ClientIDMode="Static" on either the page or inside of Web.config (in the Pages section) which applies the setting down to the entire page which is my 95% scenario. For the few cases when it matters - for list controls and inside of multi-use user controls or custom server controls) - I can use Predictable or even AutoID to force controls to unique names. For application-level page development, this is easy to accomplish and provides maximum usability for working with client script code against page controls. ViewStateMode Another area of large criticism for WebForms is ViewState. ViewState is used internally by ASP.NET to persist page-level changes to non-postback properties on controls as pages post back to the server. It’s a useful mechanism that works great for the overall mechanics of WebForms, but it can also cause all sorts of overhead for page operation as ViewState can very quickly get out of control and consume huge amounts of bandwidth in your page content. ViewState can also wreak havoc with client-side scripting applications that modify control properties that are tracked by ViewState, which can produce very unpredictable results on a Postback after client-side updates. Over the years in my own development, I’ve often turned off ViewState on pages to reduce overhead. Yes, you lose some functionality, but you can easily implement most of the common functionality in non-ViewState workarounds. Relying less on heavy ViewState controls and sticking with simpler controls or raw HTML constructs avoids getting around ViewState problems. In ASP.NET 3.x and prior, it wasn’t easy to control ViewState - you could turn it on or off and if you turned it off at the page or web.config level, you couldn’t turn it back on for specific controls. In short, it was an all or nothing approach. With ASP.NET 4.0, the new ViewStateMode property gives you more control. It allows you to disable ViewState globally either on the page or web.config level and then turn it back on for specific controls that might need it. ViewStateMode only works when EnableViewState="true" on the page or web.config level (which is the default). You can then use ViewStateMode of Disabled, Enabled or Inherit to control the ViewState settings on the page. If you’re shooting for minimal ViewState usage, the ideal situation is to set ViewStateMode to disabled on the Page or web.config level and only turn it back on particular controls: <%@Page Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2" ClientIDMode="Static" ViewStateMode="Disabled" EnableViewState="true" %>  <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtName" ViewStateMode="Enabled" />  <asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="txtAddress" /> Note that the EnableViewState="true" at the Page level isn’t required since it’s the default, but it’s important that the value is true. ViewStateMode has no effect if EnableViewState="false" at the page level. The main benefit of ViewStateMode is that it allows you to more easily turn off ViewState for most of the page and enable only a few key controls that might need it. For me personally, this is a perfect combination as most of my WebForm apps can get away without any ViewState at all. But some controls - especially third party controls - often don’t work well without ViewState enabled, and now it’s much easier to selectively enable controls rather than the old way, which required you to pretty much turn off ViewState for all controls that you didn’t want ViewState on. Inline HTML Encoding HTML encoding is an important feature to prevent cross-site scripting attacks in data entered by users on your site. In order to make it easier to create HTML encoded content, ASP.NET 4.0 introduces a new Expression syntax using <%: %> to encode string values. The encoding expression syntax looks like this: <%: "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>" %> which produces properly encoded HTML: <script type='text/javascript' >alert('Really?');</script> Effectively this is a shortcut to: <%= HttpUtility.HtmlEncode( "<script type='text/javascript'>" + "alert('Really?');</script>") %> Of course the <%: %> syntax can also evaluate expressions just like <%= %> so the more common scenario applies this expression syntax against data your application is displaying. Here’s an example displaying some data model values: <%: Model.Address.Street %> This snippet shows displaying data from your application’s data store or more importantly, from data entered by users. Anything that makes it easier and less verbose to HtmlEncode text is a welcome addition to avoid potential cross-site scripting attacks. Although I listed Inline HTML Encoding here under WebForms, anything that uses the WebForms rendering engine including ASP.NET MVC, benefits from this feature. ScriptManager Enhancements The ASP.NET ScriptManager control in the past has introduced some nice ways to take programmatic and markup control over script loading, but there were a number of shortcomings in this control. The ASP.NET 4.0 ScriptManager has a number of improvements that make it easier to control script loading and addresses a few of the shortcomings that have often kept me from using the control in favor of manual script loading. The first is the AjaxFrameworkMode property which finally lets you suppress loading the ASP.NET AJAX runtime. Disabled doesn’t load any ASP.NET AJAX libraries, but there’s also an Explicit mode that lets you pick and choose the library pieces individually and reduce the footprint of ASP.NET AJAX script included if you are using the library. There’s also a new EnableCdn property that forces any script that has a new WebResource attribute CdnPath property set to a CDN supplied URL. If the script has this Attribute property set to a non-null/empty value and EnableCdn is enabled on the ScriptManager, that script will be served from the specified CdnPath. [assembly: WebResource( "Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js", "application/x-javascript", CdnPath = "http://mysite.com/scripts/ww.jquery.min.js")] Cool, but a little too static for my taste since this value can’t be changed at runtime to point at a debug script as needed, for example. Assembly names for loading scripts from resources can now be simple names rather than fully qualified assembly names, which make it less verbose to reference scripts from assemblies loaded from your bin folder or the assembly reference area in web.config: <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id" EnableCdn="true" AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.ww.jquery.js" Assembly="Westwind.Web" /> </Scripts> </asp:ScriptManager> The ScriptManager in 4.0 also supports script combining via the CompositeScript tag, which allows you to very easily combine scripts into a single script resource served via ASP.NET. Even nicer: You can specify the URL that the combined script is served with. Check out the following script manager markup that combines several static file scripts and a script resource into a single ASP.NET served resource from a static URL (allscripts.js): <asp:ScriptManager runat="server" id="Id" EnableCdn="true" AjaxFrameworkMode="disabled"> <CompositeScript Path="~/scripts/allscripts.js"> <Scripts> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/scripts/jquery.js" /> <asp:ScriptReference Path="~/scripts/ww.jquery.js" /> <asp:ScriptReference Name="Westwind.Web.Resources.editors.js" Assembly="Westwind.Web" /> </Scripts> </CompositeScript> </asp:ScriptManager> When you render this into HTML, you’ll see a single script reference in the page: <script src="scripts/allscripts.debug.js" type="text/javascript"></script> All you need to do to make this work is ensure that allscripts.js and allscripts.debug.js exist in the scripts folder of your application - they can be empty but the file has to be there. This is pretty cool, but you want to be real careful that you use unique URLs for each combination of scripts you combine or else browser and server caching will easily screw you up royally. The script manager also allows you to override native ASP.NET AJAX scripts now as any script references defined in the Scripts section of the ScriptManager trump internal references. So if you want custom behavior or you want to fix a possible bug in the core libraries that normally are loaded from resources, you can now do this simply by referencing the script resource name in the Name property and pointing at System.Web for the assembly. Not a common scenario, but when you need it, it can come in real handy. Still, there are a number of shortcomings in this control. For one, the ScriptManager and ClientScript APIs still have no common entry point so control developers are still faced with having to check and support both APIs to load scripts so that controls can work on pages that do or don’t have a ScriptManager on the page. The CdnUrl is static and compiled in, which is very restrictive. And finally, there’s still no control over where scripts get loaded on the page - ScriptManager still injects scripts into the middle of the HTML markup rather than in the header or optionally the footer. This, in turn, means there is little control over script loading order, which can be problematic for control developers. MetaDescription, MetaKeywords Page Properties There are also a number of additional Page properties that correspond to some of the other features discussed in this column: ClientIDMode, ClientTarget and ViewStateMode. Another minor but useful feature is that you can now directly access the MetaDescription and MetaKeywords properties on the Page object to set the corresponding meta tags programmatically. Updating these values programmatically previously required either <%= %> expressions in the page markup or dynamic insertion of literal controls into the page. You can now just set these properties programmatically on the Page object in any Control derived class on the page or the Page itself: Page.MetaKeywords = "ASP.NET,4.0,New Features"; Page.MetaDescription = "This article discusses the new features in ASP.NET 4.0"; Note, that there’s no corresponding ASP.NET tag for the HTML Meta element, so the only way to specify these values in markup and access them is via the @Page tag: <%@Page Language="C#" CodeBehind="WebForm2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Westwind.WebStore.WebForm2" ClientIDMode="Static" MetaDescription="Article that discusses what's new in ASP.NET 4.0" MetaKeywords="ASP.NET,4.0,New Features" %> Nothing earth shattering but quite convenient. Visual Studio 2010 Enhancements for Web Development For Web development there are also a host of editor enhancements in Visual Studio 2010. Some of these are not Web specific but they are useful for Web developers in general. Text Editors Throughout Visual Studio 2010, the text editors have all been updated to a new core engine based on WPF which provides some interesting new features for various code editors including the nice ability to zoom in and out with Ctrl-MouseWheel to quickly change the size of text. There are many more API options to control the editor and although Visual Studio 2010 doesn’t yet use many of these features, we can look forward to enhancements in add-ins and future editor updates from the various language teams that take advantage of the visual richness that WPF provides to editing. On the negative side, I’ve noticed that occasionally the code editor and especially the HTML and JavaScript editors will lose the ability to use various navigation keys like arrows, back and delete keys, which requires closing and reopening the documents at times. This issue seems to be well documented so I suspect this will be addressed soon with a hotfix or within the first service pack. Overall though, the code editors work very well, especially given that they were re-written completely using WPF, which was one of my big worries when I first heard about the complete redesign of the editors. Multi-Targeting Visual Studio now targets all versions of the .NET framework from 2.0 forward. You can use Visual Studio 2010 to work on your ASP.NET 2, 3.0 and 3.5 applications which is a nice way to get your feet wet with the new development environment without having to make changes to existing applications. It’s nice to have one tool to work in for all the different versions. Multi-Monitor Support One cool feature of Visual Studio 2010 is the ability to drag windows out of the Visual Studio environment and out onto the desktop including onto another monitor easily. Since Web development often involves working with a host of designers at the same time - visual designer, HTML markup window, code behind and JavaScript editor - it’s really nice to be able to have a little more screen real estate to work on each of these editors. Microsoft made a welcome change in the environment. IntelliSense Snippets for HTML and JavaScript Editors The HTML and JavaScript editors now finally support IntelliSense scripts to create macro-based template expansions that have been in the core C# and Visual Basic code editors since Visual Studio 2005. Snippets allow you to create short XML-based template definitions that can act as static macros or real templates that can have replaceable values that can be embedded into the expanded text. The XML syntax for these snippets is straight forward and it’s pretty easy to create custom snippets manually. You can easily create snippets using XML and store them in your custom snippets folder (C:\Users\rstrahl\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\Code Snippets\Visual Web Developer\My HTML Snippets and My JScript Snippets), but it helps to use one of the third-party tools that exist to simplify the process for you. I use SnippetEditor, by Bill McCarthy, which makes short work of creating snippets interactively (http://snippeteditor.codeplex.com/). Note: You may have to manually add the Visual Studio 2010 User specific Snippet folders to this tool to see existing ones you’ve created. Code snippets are some of the biggest time savers and HTML editing more than anything deals with lots of repetitive tasks that lend themselves to text expansion. Visual Studio 2010 includes a slew of built-in snippets (that you can also customize!) and you can create your own very easily. If you haven’t done so already, I encourage you to spend a little time examining your coding patterns and find the repetitive code that you write and convert it into snippets. I’ve been using CodeRush for this for years, but now you can do much of the basic expansion natively for HTML and JavaScript snippets. jQuery Integration Is Now Native jQuery is a popular JavaScript library and recently Microsoft has recently stated that it will become the primary client-side scripting technology to drive higher level script functionality in various ASP.NET Web projects that Microsoft provides. In Visual Studio 2010, the default full project template includes jQuery as part of a new project including the support files that provide IntelliSense (-vsdoc files). IntelliSense support for jQuery is now also baked into Visual Studio 2010, so unlike Visual Studio 2008 which required a separate download, no further installs are required for a rich IntelliSense experience with jQuery. Summary ASP.NET 4.0 brings many useful improvements to the platform, but thankfully most of the changes are incremental changes that don’t compromise backwards compatibility and they allow developers to ease into the new features one feature at a time. None of the changes in ASP.NET 4.0 or Visual Studio 2010 are monumental or game changers. The bigger features are language and .NET Framework changes that are also optional. This ASP.NET and tools release feels more like fine tuning and getting some long-standing kinks worked out of the platform. It shows that the ASP.NET team is dedicated to paying attention to community feedback and responding with changes to the platform and development environment based on this feedback. If you haven’t gotten your feet wet with ASP.NET 4.0 and Visual Studio 2010, there’s no reason not to give it a shot now - the ASP.NET 4.0 platform is solid and Visual Studio 2010 works very well for a brand new release. Check it out. © Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2010Posted in ASP.NET

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Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files

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Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Introduction Working in Oracle Platform Integration gives an engineer opportunities to work on a wide array of technologies. My team’s goal is to make Oracle applications run best on the Solaris/SPARC platform. When looking for bottlenecks in a modern applications, one needs to be aware of not only how the CPUs and operating system are executing, but also network, storage, and in some cases, the Java Virtual Machine. I was recently presented with about 1.5 GB of Java Garbage First Garbage Collector log file data. If you’re not familiar with the subject, you might want to review Garbage First Garbage Collector Tuning by Monica Beckwith. The customer had been running Java HotSpot 1.6.0_31 to host a web application server. I was told that the Solaris/SPARC server was running a Java process launched using a commmand line that included the following flags: -d64 -Xms9g -Xmx9g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=80 -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+PrintGC -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 Several sources on the internet indicate that if I were to print out the 1.5 GB of log files, it would require enough paper to fill the bed of a pick up truck. Of course, it would be fruitless to try to scan the log files by hand. Tools will be required to summarize the contents of the log files. Others have encountered large Java garbage collection log files. There are existing tools to analyze the log files: IBM’s GC toolkit The chewiebug GCViewer gchisto HPjmeter Instead of using one of the other tools listed, I decide to parse the log files with standard Unix tools, and analyze the data with R. Data Cleansing The log files arrived in two different formats. I guess that the difference is that one set of log files was generated using a more verbose option, maybe -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC, and the other set of log files was generated without that option. Format 1 In some of the log files, the log files with the less verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, looks like this: {Heap before GC invocations=12280 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7499918K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 1 young (4096K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. 2014-05-14T07:24:00.988-0700: 60586.353: [GC pause (young) 7324M->7320M(9216M), 0.1567265 secs] Heap after GC invocations=12281 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7496533K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 0 young (0K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. } A simple grep can be used to extract a summary: $ grep "\[ GC pause (young" g1gc.log 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700: 3.109: [GC pause (young) 20M->5029K(9216M), 0.0146328 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700: 3.459: [GC pause (young) 9125K->6077K(9216M), 0.0086723 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700: 5.599: [GC pause (young) 25M->8470K(9216M), 0.0203820 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700: 10.704: [GC pause (young) 44M->15M(9216M), 0.0288848 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700: 16.958: [GC pause (young) 51M->20M(9216M), 0.0491244 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700: 24.066: [GC pause (young) 92M->26M(9216M), 0.0525368 secs] 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700: 62.383: [GC pause (young) 602M->68M(9216M), 0.1721173 secs] But that format wasn't easily read into R, so I needed to be a bit more tricky. I used the following Unix command to create a summary file that was easy for R to read. $ echo "SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime" $ grep "\[GC pause (young" g1gc.log | grep -v mark | sed -e 's/[A-SU-z,]/ /g' -e 's/->/ /' -e 's/: / /g' | more SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700 3.109 20 5029 9216 0.0146328 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700 3.459 9125 6077 9216 0.0086723 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700 5.599 25 8470 9216 0.0203820 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700 10.704 44 15 9216 0.0288848 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700 16.958 51 20 9216 0.0491244 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700 24.066 92 26 9216 0.0525368 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700 62.383 602 68 9216 0.1721173 Format 2 In some of the log files, the log files with the more verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, was more complicated than Format 1. Here is a text file with an example of a single G1GC trace in the second format. As you can see, it is quite complicated. It is nice that there is so much information available, but the level of detail can be overwhelming. I wrote this awk script (download) to summarize each trace on a single line. #!/usr/bin/env awk -f BEGIN { printf("SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize\n") } ###################### # Save count data from lines that are at the start of each G1GC trace. # Each trace starts out like this: # {Heap before GC invocations=14 (full 0): # garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 325496K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) ###################### /{Heap.*full/{ gsub ( "\\)" , "" ); nf=split($0,a,"="); split(a[2],b," "); getline; if ( match($0, "first") ) { G1GC=1; IncrementalCount=b[1]; FullCount=substr( b[3], 1, length(b[3])-1 ); } else { G1GC=0; } } ###################### # Pull out time stamps that are in lines with this format: # 2014-05-12T14:02:06.025-0700: 94.312: [GC pause (young), 0.08870154 secs] ###################### /GC pause/ { DateTime=$1; SecondsSinceLaunch=substr($2, 1, length($2)-1); } ###################### # Heap sizes are in lines that look like this: # [ 4842M->4838M(9216M)] ###################### /\[ .*]$/ { gsub ( "\\[" , "" ); gsub ( "\ \]" , "" ); gsub ( "->" , " " ); gsub ( "\$ " , " " ); gsub ( "\ $" , " " ); split($0,a," "); if ( split(a[1],b,"M") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[1],b,"K") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[2],b,"M") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[2],b,"K") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[3],b,"M") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[3],b,"K") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1];} } ###################### # Emit an output line when you find input that looks like this: # [Times: user=1.41 sys=0.08, real=0.24 secs] ###################### /\[Times/ { if (G1GC==1) { gsub ( "," , "" ); split($2,a,"="); UserTime=a[2]; split($3,a,"="); SysTime=a[2]; split($4,a,"="); RealTime=a[2]; print DateTime,SecondsSinceLaunch,IncrementalCount,FullCount,UserTime,SysTime,RealTime,BeforeSize,AfterSize,TotalSize; G1GC=0; } } The resulting summary is about 25X smaller that the original file, but still difficult for a human to digest. SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ... 2014-05-12T18:36:34.669-0700: 3985.744 561 0 0.57 0.06 0.16 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:34.839-0700: 3985.914 562 0 0.51 0.06 0.19 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.069-0700: 3986.144 563 0 0.60 0.04 0.27 1724416 1721344 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.354-0700: 3986.429 564 0 0.33 0.04 0.09 1725440 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.545-0700: 3986.620 565 0 0.58 0.04 0.17 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.726-0700: 3986.801 566 0 0.43 0.05 0.12 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.856-0700: 3986.930 567 0 0.30 0.04 0.07 1726464 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.947-0700: 3987.023 568 0 0.61 0.04 0.26 1727488 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:36.228-0700: 3987.302 569 0 0.46 0.04 0.16 1731584 1724416 9437184 Reading the Data into R Once the GC log data had been cleansed, either by processing the first format with the shell script, or by processing the second format with the awk script, it was easy to read the data into R. g1gc.df = read.csv("summary.txt", row.names = NULL, stringsAsFactors=FALSE,sep="") str(g1gc.df) ## 'data.frame': 8307 obs. of 10 variables: ## $ row.names : chr "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ... ## $ SecondsSinceLaunch: num 1.16 1.47 1.97 3.83 6.1 ... ## $ IncrementalCount : int 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... ## $ FullCount : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ## $ UserTime : num 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.56 ... ## $ SysTime : num 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.09 ... ## $ RealTime : num 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 ... ## $ BeforeSize : int 8192 5496 5768 22528 24576 43008 34816 53248 55296 93184 ... ## $ AfterSize : int 1400 1672 2557 4907 7072 14336 16384 18432 19456 21504 ... ## $ TotalSize : int 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 ... head(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 1 2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700: 1.161 0 ## 2 2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700: 1.472 1 ## 3 2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700: 1.969 2 ## 4 2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700: 3.830 3 ## 5 2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700: 6.103 4 ## 6 2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700: 9.720 5 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 1 0 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 9437184 ## 2 0 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 9437184 ## 3 0 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 9437184 ## 4 0 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 9437184 ## 5 0 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 9437184 ## 6 0 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 9437184 Basic Statistics Once the data has been read into R, simple statistics are very easy to generate. All of the numbers from high school statistics are available via simple commands. For example, generate a summary of every column: summary(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## Length:8307 Min. : 1 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 ## Class :character 1st Qu.: 9977 1st Qu.:2048 1st Qu.: 0.0 ## Mode :character Median :12855 Median :4136 Median : 12.0 ## Mean :12527 Mean :4156 Mean : 31.6 ## 3rd Qu.:15758 3rd Qu.:6262 3rd Qu.: 61.0 ## Max. :55484 Max. :8391 Max. :113.0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize ## Min. :0.040 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 5476 ## 1st Qu.:0.470 1st Qu.:0.0300 1st Qu.: 0.1 1st Qu.:5137920 ## Median :0.620 Median :0.0300 Median : 0.1 Median :6574080 ## Mean :0.751 Mean :0.0355 Mean : 0.3 Mean :5841855 ## 3rd Qu.:0.920 3rd Qu.:0.0400 3rd Qu.: 0.2 3rd Qu.:7084032 ## Max. :3.370 Max. :1.5600 Max. :488.1 Max. :8696832 ## AfterSize TotalSize ## Min. : 1380 Min. :9437184 ## 1st Qu.:5002752 1st Qu.:9437184 ## Median :6559744 Median :9437184 ## Mean :5785454 Mean :9437184 ## 3rd Qu.:7054336 3rd Qu.:9437184 ## Max. :8482816 Max. :9437184 Q: What is the total amount of User CPU time spent in garbage collection? sum(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 6236 As you can see, less than two hours of CPU time was spent in garbage collection. Is that too much? To find the percentage of time spent in garbage collection, divide the number above by total_elapsed_time*CPU_count. In this case, there are a lot of CPU’s and it turns out the the overall amount of CPU time spent in garbage collection isn’t a problem when viewed in isolation. When calculating rates, i.e. events per unit time, you need to ask yourself if the rate is homogenous across the time period in the log file. Does the log file include spikes of high activity that should be separately analyzed? Averaging in data from nights and weekends with data from business hours may alias problems. If you have a reason to suspect that the garbage collection rates include peaks and valleys that need independent analysis, see the “Time Series” section, below. Q: How much garbage is collected on each pass? The amount of heap space that is recovered per GC pass is surprisingly low: At least one collection didn’t recover any data. (“Min.=0”) 25% of the passes recovered 3MB or less. (“1st Qu.=3072”) Half of the GC passes recovered 4MB or less. (“Median=4096”) The average amount recovered was 56MB. (“Mean=56390”) 75% of the passes recovered 36MB or less. (“3rd Qu.=36860”) At least one pass recovered 2GB. (“Max.=2121000”) g1gc.df$Delta = g1gc.df$BeforeSize - g1gc.df$AfterSize summary(g1gc.df$Delta) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0 3070 4100 56400 36900 2120000 Q: What is the maximum User CPU time for a single collection? The worst garbage collection (“Max.”) is many standard deviations away from the mean. The data appears to be right skewed. summary(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0.040 0.470 0.620 0.751 0.920 3.370 sd(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 0.3966 Basic Graphics Once the data is in R, it is trivial to plot the data with formats including dot plots, line charts, bar charts (simple, stacked, grouped), pie charts, boxplots, scatter plots histograms, and kernel density plots. Histogram of User CPU Time per Collection I don't think that this graph requires any explanation. hist(g1gc.df$UserTime, main="User CPU Time per Collection", xlab="Seconds", ylab="Frequency") Box plot to identify outliers When the initial data is viewed with a box plot, you can see the one crazy outlier in the real time per GC. Save this data point for future analysis and drop the outlier so that it’s not throwing off our statistics. Now the box plot shows many outliers, which will be examined later, using times series analysis. Notice that the scale of the x-axis changes drastically once the crazy outlier is removed. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(dominated by a crazy outlier)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") crazy.outlier.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime > 400,] g1gc.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime < 400,] boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(crazy outlier excluded)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Here is the crazy outlier for future analysis: crazy.outlier.df ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 8233 2014-05-12T23:15:43.903-0700: 20741 8316 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 8233 112 0.55 0.42 488.1 8381440 8235008 9437184 ## Delta ## 8233 146432 R Time Series Data To analyze the garbage collection as a time series, I’ll use Z’s Ordered Observations (zoo). “zoo is the creator for an S3 class of indexed totally ordered observations which includes irregular time series.” require(zoo) ## Loading required package: zoo ## ## Attaching package: 'zoo' ## ## The following objects are masked from 'package:base': ## ## as.Date, as.Date.numeric head(g1gc.df[,1]) ## [1] "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" ## [3] "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ## [5] "2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700:" options("digits.secs"=3) times=as.POSIXct( g1gc.df[,1], format="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%OS%z:") g1gc.z = zoo(g1gc.df[,-c(1)], order.by=times) head(g1gc.z) ## SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 1.161 0 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 1.472 1 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 1.969 2 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 3.830 3 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 6.103 4 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9.720 5 0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 ## TotalSize Delta ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 9437184 6792 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 9437184 3824 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 9437184 3211 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 9437184 17621 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 9437184 17504 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9437184 28672 Example of Two Benchmark Runs in One Log File The data in the following graph is from a different log file, not the one of primary interest to this article. I’m including this image because it is an example of idle periods followed by busy periods. It would be uninteresting to average the rate of garbage collection over the entire log file period. More interesting would be the rate of garbage collect in the two busy periods. Are they the same or different? Your production data may be similar, for example, bursts when employees return from lunch and idle times on weekend evenings, etc. Once the data is in an R Time Series, you can analyze isolated time windows. Clipping the Time Series data Flashing back to our test case… Viewing the data as a time series is interesting. You can see that the work intensive time period is between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM. Lets clip the data to the interesting period: par(mfrow=c(2,1)) plot(g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Complete Log File", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") clipped.g1gc.z=window(g1gc.z, start=as.POSIXct("2014-05-12 21:00:00"), end=as.POSIXct("2014-05-13 03:00:00")) plot(clipped.g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Limited to Benchmark Execution", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count Here is the cumulative incremental and full GC count. When the line is very steep, it indicates that the GCs are repeating very quickly. Notice that the scale on the Y axis is different for full vs. incremental. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c(2:3)], main="Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count", xlab="Time of Day", col="#1b9e77") GC Analysis of Benchmark Execution using Time Series data In the following series of 3 graphs: The “After Size” show the amount of heap space in use after each garbage collection. Many Java objects are still referenced, i.e. alive, during each garbage collection. This may indicate that the application has a memory leak, or may indicate that the application has a very large memory footprint. Typically, an application's memory footprint plateau's in the early stage of execution. One would expect this graph to have a flat top. The steep decline in the heap space may indicate that the application crashed after 2:00. The second graph shows that the outliers in real execution time, discussed above, occur near 2:00. when the Java heap seems to be quite full. The third graph shows that Full GCs are infrequent during the first few hours of execution. The rate of Full GC's, (the slope of the cummulative Full GC line), changes near midnight. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","RealTime","FullCount")], xlab="Time of Day", col=c("#1b9e77","red","#1b9e77")) GC Analysis of heap recovered Each GC trace includes the amount of heap space in use before and after the individual GC event. During garbage coolection, unreferenced objects are identified, the space holding the unreferenced objects is freed, and thus, the difference in before and after usage indicates how much space has been freed. The following box plot and bar chart both demonstrate the same point - the amount of heap space freed per garbage colloection is surprisingly low. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", horizontal = TRUE, col="red") hist(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", breaks=100, col="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") This graph is the most interesting. The dark blue area shows how much heap is occupied by referenced Java objects. This represents memory that holds live data. The red fringe at the top shows how much data was recovered after each garbage collection. barplot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","Delta")], col=c("#7570b3","#e7298a"), xlab="Time of Day", border=NA) legend("topleft", c("Live Objects","Heap Recovered on GC"), fill=c("#7570b3","#e7298a")) box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") When I discuss the data in the log files with the customer, I will ask for an explaination for the large amount of referenced data resident in the Java heap. There are two are posibilities: There is a memory leak and the amount of space required to hold referenced objects will continue to grow, limited only by the maximum heap size. After the maximum heap size is reached, the JVM will throw an “Out of Memory” exception every time that the application tries to allocate a new object. If this is the case, the aplication needs to be debugged to identify why old objects are referenced when they are no longer needed. The application has a legitimate requirement to keep a large amount of data in memory. The customer may want to further increase the maximum heap size. Another possible solution would be to partition the application across multiple cluster nodes, where each node has responsibility for managing a unique subset of the data. Conclusion In conclusion, R is a very powerful tool for the analysis of Java garbage collection log files. The primary difficulty is data cleansing so that information can be read into an R data frame. Once the data has been read into R, a rich set of tools may be used for thorough evaluation.

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Project compilation requires a class that is not used anywhere

- by Susei

When I build with ant my project that uses libgdx, I get a strange error. It says that a class com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement is not found, but it isn't used at all in the code. How can I find what makes this class necessary? Even searching over the whole project doesn't give any results. It says that error is at PixmapTextureAtlas.java:16 (class source), but there is no code that uses that ImageElement class. Adding the library containing com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement class helps, of course, but I'd like to figure out why this class in needed. Here is the place in ant log that tells of the actual error: Compiling 3 source files to /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/bin /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/src/org/tendiwa/client/PixmapTextureAtlas.java:16: error: cannot access ImageElement class file for com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement not found Here is the whole ant log: /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/bin/java -Xmx128m -Xss2m -Dant.home=/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant -Dant.library.dir=/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-regexp.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-swing.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-xalan2.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jdepend.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-resolver.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jsch.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-testutil.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-launcher.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-bsf.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-commons-logging.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-netrexx.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-junit.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-commons-net.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-bcel.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-antlr.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-log4j.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jai.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-apache-oro.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-jmf.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/ant/lib/ant-javamail.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/lib/tools.jar:/opt/intellijidea/lib/idea_rt.jar com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2 -logger com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.IdeaAntLogger2 -inputhandler com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.IdeaInputHandler -buildfile /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml jar build.xml property path description compile ant property property property description compile mkdir javac jar ant property description _core_src_available available ontology antcall property description _core_src_available available _build_core ant property property compile echo /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client mkdir javac jar jar Building jar: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/MainModule.jar description tempfile mkdir Created dir: /tmp/tendiwa373148820 unjar Expanding: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/MainModule.jar into /tmp/tendiwa373148820 Expanding: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/tendiwa-backend.jar into /tmp/tendiwa373148820 Expanding: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/tendiwa-ontology.jar into /tmp/tendiwa373148820 copy Copying 1 file to /tmp/tendiwa373148820 java Created item short_sword Created item short_bow Created item bucket Created item boot Created item steel_morningstar Created item rifle_ammo Created item handAxe Created item iron_armor Created item steel_mace Created item jacket Created item fedora Created item wooden_arrow Saving sources to /tmp/tendiwa373148820/ontology/src tendiwa/resources/SoundTypes.java tendiwa/resources/CharacterTypes.java tendiwa/resources/ObjectTypes.java tendiwa/resources/FloorTypes.java tendiwa/resources/ItemTypes.java tendiwa/resources/MaterialTypes.java mkdir mkdir mkdir Created dir: /tmp/tendiwa373148820/ontology/bin javac jar Building jar: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/tendiwa-ontology.jar echo Resources source code generated ant property property compile echo /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client mkdir javac jar jar jar Building jar: /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/MainModule.jar mkdir javac /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml:25: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1150) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.execute(Javac.java:912) at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1399) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1368) at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1251) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:809) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:217) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.start(Main.java:180) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.main(Main.java:268) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2.main(AntMain2.java:30) /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml (25:46)'includeantruntime' was not set, defaulting to build.sysclasspath=last; set to false for repeatable builds Compiling 3 source files to /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/bin /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/src/org/tendiwa/client/PixmapTextureAtlas.java:16: error: cannot access ImageElement class file for com.google.gwt.dom.client.ImageElement not found 1 error /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml:25: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1150) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.execute(Javac.java:912) at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1399) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1368) at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1251) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:809) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:217) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.start(Main.java:180) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.main(Main.java:268) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2.main(AntMain2.java:30) /home/suseika/Projects/tendiwa/client/build.xml:25: Compile failed; see the compiler error output for details. at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.compile(Javac.java:1150) at org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.Javac.execute(Javac.java:912) at org.apache.tools.ant.UnknownElement.execute(UnknownElement.java:291) at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor4.invoke(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at org.apache.tools.ant.dispatch.DispatchUtils.execute(DispatchUtils.java:106) at org.apache.tools.ant.Task.perform(Task.java:348) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.execute(Target.java:390) at org.apache.tools.ant.Target.performTasks(Target.java:411) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeSortedTargets(Project.java:1399) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTarget(Project.java:1368) at org.apache.tools.ant.helper.DefaultExecutor.executeTargets(DefaultExecutor.java:41) at org.apache.tools.ant.Project.executeTargets(Project.java:1251) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.runBuild(Main.java:809) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.startAnt(Main.java:217) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.start(Main.java:180) at org.apache.tools.ant.Main.main(Main.java:268) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606) at com.intellij.rt.ant.execution.AntMain2.main(AntMain2.java:30) Ant build completed with 3 errors one warning in 4s at 10/30/13 3:09 AM Here is a part of ant file where this error appears: <path id="tendiwa.jars"> <fileset dir="../libs"> <include name="**/*.jar"/> </fileset> <pathelement path="../tendiwa-backend.jar"/> <pathelement path="../tendiwa-ontology.jar"/>  </path> <target name="compile"> <ant dir="../MainModule" target="jar"/> <mkdir dir="bin"/> <javac destdir="bin" failonerror="true"> <classpath> <path refid="tendiwa.jars"/>  <pathelement path="../tendiwa-ontology.jar"/>  <pathelement path="../MainModule.jar"/> <fileset dir="../libs" includes="**/*.jar"/> </classpath> <src> <pathelement path="Desktop/src"/> <pathelement path="src"/> </src> </javac> </target>

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Why is user asked to choose their workgroup?

- by Clinton Blackmore

We running Mac OS X Server 10.5.8 with Mac OS X 10.5.8 clients. Students use network logins to, well, log in. I've been asked to deny internet access to a specific user. I was told that a good way to do it is to create a user workgroup called "No Internet Access" and manage settings there. (Specifically, I told parental controls to allow access to no sites, and blacklisted all the installed web browsers). Now, when the user authenticates to log in, they are greeted with this dialog: Workgroups for <username> Grade 7 Students No Internet Access It is unlikely that the student would willing choose "No Internet Access" to be their base group. Looking in Workgroup Manager at the student's record, it shows their primary group ID is the grade 7 group, and "No Internet Access" is listed as another group they belong to. I looked at the managed preferences for all the computers pertaining to logins. They are set to their defaults. Specifically, the computer groups' preference for Logins - Access has the defaults: [unchecked] Ignore workgroup nesting [checked] Combine available workgroup settings Based on my reading of Tips and Tricks for Mac Administrators, this should be correct, the user should not be asked which group they belong to, and settings from all applicable groups should be applied. How can I achieve that result? Edit: I've decided to add some additional information from the Tips and Tricks for Mac Management White Paper (via Apple in Education, via the author's site). On page 21, it says: With Leopard MCX, workgroup preference settings are combined by default into a single set of values. This means that instead of having to choose between the Math, Science, or Language Arts workgroups when logging in, a user can just authenticate and be taken directly to the desktop. All the settings for each of those workgroups are composited together, providing you with all the Dock items and a composite of all the other settings. On page 40, an example is given in which settings are combined from different 'domains', one computer group, two (user) workgroups, and one individual user's settings. [When johnd logs into a leopard client,] the items staged in the Dock from left to right are: computer group, first workgroup alphabetically, second workgroup, user. Items within the workgroup are staged alphabetically. Nowhere is there an indication that groups are nested; indeed, I can see no sensible (non-flat) heirarchy for groups like Math, Science, and Language Arts. I strongly believe that there is a way to apply settings from two unrelated user workgroups such that a user of OS X 10.5.x or newer does not need to choose their workgroup. This is what I seek to achieve.

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Setting up SSL on apache on linux ubuntu

- by ThomasReggi

I'm trying to get SSL to run on my apache web server. I do not have the DNS for the domain setup yet is that an issue? How do I setup SSL on my web server? When I start apache it fails. root@vannevar:/etc/apache2/ssl# service apache2 start * Starting web server apache2 Action 'start' failed. The Apache error log may have more information. The log stats that it's unable to read the certificate. [Thu Jun 28 15:01:02 2012] [error] Init: Unable to read server certificate from file /etc/apache2/ssl/www.example.com.csr [Thu Jun 28 15:01:02 2012] [error] SSL Library Error: 218529960 error:0D0680A8:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_CHECK_TLEN:wrong tag [Thu Jun 28 15:01:02 2012] [error] SSL Library Error: 218595386 error:0D07803A:asn1 encoding routines:ASN1_ITEM_EX_D2I:nested asn1 error The contents of /etc/apache2/httpd.conf ServerName [SERVERIP] The contents of /etc/apache2/ports.conf # If you just change the port or add more ports here, you will likely also # have to change the VirtualHost statement in # /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default # This is also true if you have upgraded from before 2.2.9-3 (i.e. from # Debian etch). See /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/NEWS.Debian.gz and # README.Debian.gz NameVirtualHost [SERVERIP]:443 NameVirtualHost *:80 Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> The contents of /etc/apache2/sites-available/www.example.com <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com DocumentRoot /srv/sites/example.com/public/ ErrorLog /srv/sites/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/sites/example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost [SERVERIP]:443> SSLEngine On SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/www.example.com.csr SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/www.example.com.key SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/comodo.crt ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName example.com ServerAlias www.example.com DocumentRoot /srv/sites/example.com/public/ ErrorLog /srv/sites/example.com/logs/error.log CustomLog /srv/sites/example.com/logs/access.log combined </VirtualHost>

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problem in concurrent web services

- by user548750

Hi All I have developed a web services. I am getting problem when two different user are trying to access web services concurrently. In web services two methods are there setInputParameter getUserService suppose Time User Operation 10:10 am user1 setInputParameter 10:15 am user2 setInputParameter 10:20 am user1 getUserService User1 is getting result according to the input parameter seted by user2 not by ( him own ) I am using axis2 1.4 ,eclipse ant build, My services are goes here User class service class service.xml build file testclass package com.jimmy.pojo; public class User { private String firstName; private String lastName; private String[] addressCity; public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String[] getAddressCity() { return addressCity; } public void setAddressCity(String[] addressCity) { this.addressCity = addressCity; } } [/code] [code=java]package com.jimmy.service; import com.jimmy.pojo.User; public class UserService { private User user; public void setInputParameter(User userInput) { user = userInput; } public User getUserService() { user.setFirstName(user.getFirstName() + " changed "); if (user.getAddressCity() == null) { user.setAddressCity(new String[] { "New City Added" }); } else { user.getAddressCity()[0] = "==========="; } return user; } } [/code] [code=java]<service name="MyWebServices" scope="application"> <description> My Web Service </description> <messageReceivers> <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-only" class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCInOnlyMessageReceiver" /> <messageReceiver mep="http://www.w3.org/2004/08/wsdl/in-out" class="org.apache.axis2.rpc.receivers.RPCMessageReceiver" /> </messageReceivers> <parameter name="ServiceClass">com.jimmy.service.UserService </parameter> </service>[/code] [code=java] <project name="MyWebServices" basedir="." default="generate.service"> <property name="service.name" value="UserService" /> <property name="dest.dir" value="build" /> <property name="dest.dir.classes" value="${dest.dir}/${service.name}" /> <property name="dest.dir.lib" value="${dest.dir}/lib" /> <property name="axis2.home" value="../../" /> <property name="repository.path" value="${axis2.home}/repository" /> <path id="build.class.path"> <fileset dir="${axis2.home}/lib"> <include name="*.jar" /> </fileset> </path> <path id="client.class.path"> <fileset dir="${axis2.home}/lib"> <include name="*.jar" /> </fileset> <fileset dir="${dest.dir.lib}"> <include name="*.jar" /> </fileset> </path> <target name="clean"> <delete dir="${dest.dir}" /> <delete dir="src" includes="com/jimmy/pojo/stub/**"/> </target> <target name="prepare"> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir}" /> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir}/lib" /> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir.classes}" /> <mkdir dir="${dest.dir.classes}/META-INF" /> </target> <target name="generate.service" depends="clean,prepare"> <copy file="src/META-INF/services.xml" tofile="${dest.dir.classes}/META-INF/services.xml" overwrite="true" /> <javac srcdir="src" destdir="${dest.dir.classes}" includes="com/jimmy/service/**,com/jimmy/pojo/**"> <classpath refid="build.class.path" /> </javac> <jar basedir="${dest.dir.classes}" destfile="${dest.dir}/${service.name}.aar" /> <copy file="${dest.dir}/${service.name}.aar" tofile="${repository.path}/services/${service.name}.aar" overwrite="true" /> </target> </project> [/code] [code=java]package com.jimmy.test; import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import org.apache.axis2.AxisFault; import org.apache.axis2.addressing.EndpointReference; import org.apache.axis2.client.Options; import org.apache.axis2.rpc.client.RPCServiceClient; import com.jimmy.pojo.User; public class MyWebServices { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static void main(String[] args1) throws AxisFault { RPCServiceClient serviceClient = new RPCServiceClient(); Options options = serviceClient.getOptions(); EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference( "http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/MyWebServices"); options.setTo(targetEPR); // Setting the Input Parameter QName opSetQName = new QName("http://service.jimmy.com", "setInputParameter"); User user = new User(); String[] cityList = new String[] { "Bangalore", "Mumbai" }; /* We need to set this for user 2 as user 2 */ user.setFirstName("User 1 first name"); user.setLastName("User 1 Last name"); user.setAddressCity(cityList); Object[] opSetInptArgs = new Object[] { user }; serviceClient.invokeRobust(opSetQName, opSetInptArgs); // Getting the weather QName opGetWeather = new QName("http://service.jimmy.com", "getUserService"); Object[] opGetWeatherArgs = new Object[] {}; Class[] returnTypes = new Class[] { User.class }; Object[] response = serviceClient.invokeBlocking(opGetWeather, opGetWeatherArgs, returnTypes); System.out.println("Context :"+serviceClient.getServiceContext()); User result = (User) response[0]; if (result == null) { System.out.println("User is not initialized!"); return; } else { System.out.println("*********printing result********"); String[] list =result.getAddressCity(); System.out.println(result.getFirstName()); System.out.println(result.getLastName()); for (int indx = 0; indx < list.length ; indx++) { String string = result.getAddressCity()[indx]; System.out.println(string); } } } }

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Can anyone explain why my crypto++ decrypted file 16 bytes short?

- by Tom Williams

I suspect it might be too much to hope for, but can anyone with experience with crypto++ explain why the "decrypted.out" file created by main() is 16 characters short (which probably not coincidentally is the block size)? I think the issue must be in CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar(), but I've been staring at it and the crypto++ documentation for hours. Any other comments about how crummy or naive my std::streambuf implementation are also welcome ;-) And I've just noticed I'm missing some calls to delete so you don't have to tell me about those. Thanks, Tom // Runtime Includes #include <iostream> // Crypto++ Includes #include "aes.h" #include "modes.h" // xxx_Mode< > #include "filters.h" // StringSource and // StreamTransformation #include "files.h" using namespace std; class CryptStreamBuffer: public std::streambuf { public: CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); protected: virtual int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()); virtual int_type uflow(); virtual int_type underflow(); virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type ch); virtual int sync(); private: int GetNextChar(); int m_NextChar; // Buffered character CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter* m_StreamTransformationFilter; CryptoPP::FileSource* m_Source; CryptoPP::FileSink* m_Sink; }; // class CryptStreamBuffer CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c); m_Source = new CryptoPP::FileSource(encryptedInput, false, m_StreamTransformationFilter); } CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_Sink = new CryptoPP::FileSink(encryptedOutput); m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c, m_Sink); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::overflow(int_type ch) { return m_StreamTransformationFilter->Put((byte)ch); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::uflow() { int_type result = GetNextChar(); // Reset the buffered character m_NextChar = traits_type::eof(); return result; } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::underflow() { return GetNextChar(); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::pbackfail(int_type ch) { return traits_type::eof(); } int CryptStreamBuffer::sync() { if (m_Sink) { m_StreamTransformationFilter->MessageEnd(); } } int CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar() { // If we have a buffered character do nothing if (m_NextChar != traits_type::eof()) { return m_NextChar; } // If there are no more bytes currently available then pump the source // *** I SUSPECT THE PROBLEM IS HERE *** if (m_StreamTransformationFilter->MaxRetrievable() == 0) { m_Source->Pump(1024); } // Retrieve the next byte byte nextByte; size_t noBytes = m_StreamTransformationFilter->Get(nextByte); if (0 == noBytes) { return traits_type::eof(); } // Buffer up the next character m_NextChar = nextByte; return m_NextChar; } void InitKey(byte key[]) { key[0] = -62; key[1] = 102; key[2] = 78; key[3] = 75; key[4] = -96; key[5] = 125; key[6] = 66; key[7] = 125; key[8] = -95; key[9] = -66; key[10] = 114; key[11] = 22; key[12] = 48; key[13] = 111; key[14] = -51; key[15] = 112; } void DecryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Decryption decryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ifs, decryptor); std::istream decrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = decrypt.get())) { ofs << (char)c; } ofs.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } void EncryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Encryption encryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ofs, encryptor); std::ostream encrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = ifs.get())) { encrypt << (char)c; } encrypt.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { EncryptFile(argv[1], "encrypted.out"); DecryptFile("encrypted.out", "decrypted.out"); return 0; }

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PHP - My array returns NULL values when placed in a function, but works fine outside of the function

- by orbit82

Okay, let me see if I can explain this. I am making a newspaper WordPress theme. The theme pulls posts from categories. The front page shows multiple categories, organized as "newsboxes". Each post should show up only ONCE on the front page, even if said post is in two or more categories. To prevent posts from duplicating on the front page, I've created an array that keeps track of the individual post IDs. When a post FIRST shows up on the front page, its ID gets added to the array. Before looping through the posts for each category, the code first checks the array to see which posts have ALREADY been displayed. OK, so now remember how I said earlier that the front page shows multiple categories organized as "newsboxes"? Well, these newsboxes are called onto the front page using PHP includes. I have 6 newsboxes appearing on the front page, and the code to call them is EXACTLY the same. I didn't want to repeat the same code 6 times, so I put all of the inclusion code into a function. The function works, but the only problem is that it screws up the duplicate posts code I mentioned earlier. The posts all repeat. Running a var_dump on the $do_not_duplicate variable returns an array with null indices. Everything works PERFECTLY if I don't put the code inside a function, but once I do put them in a function it's like the arrays aren't even connecting with the posts. Here is the code with the arrays. The key variables in question here include $do_not_duplicate[] = $post-ID, $do_not_duplicate and 'post__not_in' = $do_not_duplicate <?php query_posts('cat='.$settings['cpress_top_story_category'].'&posts_per_page='.$settings['cpress_number_of_top_stories'].'');?> <?php if (have_posts()) : ?>  <div id="topStory"> <?php while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); $do_not_duplicate[] = $post->ID; ?> <a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_post_thumbnail('top-story-thumbnail'); ?></a> <h2 class="extraLargeHeadline"><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2> <div class="topStory_author"><?php cpress_show_post_author_byline(); ?></div> <div <?php post_class('topStory_entry') ?> id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>"> <?php if($settings['cpress_excerpt_or_content_top_story_newsbox'] == "content") { the_content(); ?><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><span class="read_more"><?php echo $settings['cpress_more_text']; ?></span></a> <?php } else { the_excerpt(); ?><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><span class="read_more"><?php echo $settings['cpress_more_text']; ?></span></a> <?php }?> </div> <div class="topStory_meta"><?php cpress_show_post_meta(); ?></div> <?php endwhile; wp_reset_query(); ?> <?php if(!$settings['cpress_hide_top_story_more_stories']) { ?> <div id="moreTopStories"> <?php $category_link = get_category_link(''.$settings['cpress_top_story_category'].''); ?> <?php if (have_posts()) : ?> <?php query_posts( array( 'cat' => ''.$settings['cpress_top_story_category'].'', 'posts_per_page' => ''.$settings['cpress_number_of_more_top_stories'].'', 'post__not_in' => $do_not_duplicate ) ); ?> <h4 class="moreStories"> <?php if($settings['cpress_make_top_story_more_stories_link']) { ?> <a href="<?php echo $category_link; ?>" title="<?php echo strip_tags($settings['cpress_top_story_more_stories_text']);?>"><?php echo strip_tags($settings['cpress_top_story_more_stories_text']);?></a><?php } else { echo strip_tags($settings['cpress_top_story_more_stories_text']); } ?> </h4> <ul> <?php while( have_posts() ) : the_post(); $do_not_duplicate[] = $post->ID; ?> <li><h2 class="mediumHeadline"><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2> <?php if(!$settings['cpress_hide_more_top_stories_excerpt']) { ?> <div <?php post_class('moreTopStory_postExcerpt') ?> id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>"><?php if($settings['cpress_excerpt_or_content_top_story_newsbox'] == "content") { the_content(); ?><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><span class="read_more"><?php echo $settings['cpress_more_text']; ?></span></a> <?php } else { the_excerpt(); ?> <a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><span class="read_more"><?php echo $settings['cpress_more_text']; ?></span></a> <?php }?> </div><?php } ?> <div class="moreTopStory_postMeta"><?php cpress_show_post_meta(); ?></div> </li> <?php endwhile; wp_reset_query(); ?> </ul> <?php endif;?> </div> <?php } ?> <?php echo(var_dump($do_not_duplicate)); ?> </div> <?php endif; ?> And here is the code that includes the newsboxes onto the front page. This is the code I'm trying to put into a function to avoid duplicating it 6 times on one page. function cpress_show_templatebitsf($tbit_num, $tbit_option) { global $tbit_path; global $shortname; $settings = get_option($shortname.'_options'); //display the templatebits (usually these will be sidebars) for ($i=1; $i<=$tbit_num; $i++) { $tbit = strip_tags($settings[$tbit_option .$i]); if($tbit !="") { include_once(TEMPLATEPATH . $tbit_path. $tbit.'.php'); } //if }//for loop unset($tbit_option); } I hope this makes sense. It's kind of a complex thing to explain but I've tried many things to fix it and have had no luck. I'm stumped. I'm hoping it's just some little thing I'm overlooking because it seems like it shouldn't be such a problem.

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Can anyone explain why my crypto++ decrypted file is 16 bytes short?

- by Tom Williams

I suspect it might be too much to hope for, but can anyone with experience with crypto++ explain why the "decrypted.out" file created by main() is 16 characters short (which probably not coincidentally is the block size)? I think the issue must be in CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar(), but I've been staring at it and the crypto++ documentation for hours. Any other comments about how crummy or naive my std::streambuf implementation are also welcome ;-) And I've just noticed I'm missing some calls to delete so you don't have to tell me about those. Thanks, Tom // Runtime Includes #include <iostream> // Crypto++ Includes #include "aes.h" #include "modes.h" // xxx_Mode< > #include "filters.h" // StringSource and // StreamTransformation #include "files.h" using namespace std; class CryptStreamBuffer: public std::streambuf { public: CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); protected: virtual int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()); virtual int_type uflow(); virtual int_type underflow(); virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type ch); virtual int sync(); private: int GetNextChar(); int m_NextChar; // Buffered character CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter* m_StreamTransformationFilter; CryptoPP::FileSource* m_Source; CryptoPP::FileSink* m_Sink; }; // class CryptStreamBuffer CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c); m_Source = new CryptoPP::FileSource(encryptedInput, false, m_StreamTransformationFilter); } CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_Sink = new CryptoPP::FileSink(encryptedOutput); m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c, m_Sink); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::overflow(int_type ch) { return m_StreamTransformationFilter->Put((byte)ch); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::uflow() { int_type result = GetNextChar(); // Reset the buffered character m_NextChar = traits_type::eof(); return result; } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::underflow() { return GetNextChar(); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::pbackfail(int_type ch) { return traits_type::eof(); } int CryptStreamBuffer::sync() { if (m_Sink) { m_StreamTransformationFilter->MessageEnd(); } } int CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar() { // If we have a buffered character do nothing if (m_NextChar != traits_type::eof()) { return m_NextChar; } // If there are no more bytes currently available then pump the source // *** I SUSPECT THE PROBLEM IS HERE *** if (m_StreamTransformationFilter->MaxRetrievable() == 0) { m_Source->Pump(1024); } // Retrieve the next byte byte nextByte; size_t noBytes = m_StreamTransformationFilter->Get(nextByte); if (0 == noBytes) { return traits_type::eof(); } // Buffer up the next character m_NextChar = nextByte; return m_NextChar; } void InitKey(byte key[]) { key[0] = -62; key[1] = 102; key[2] = 78; key[3] = 75; key[4] = -96; key[5] = 125; key[6] = 66; key[7] = 125; key[8] = -95; key[9] = -66; key[10] = 114; key[11] = 22; key[12] = 48; key[13] = 111; key[14] = -51; key[15] = 112; } void DecryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Decryption decryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ifs, decryptor); std::istream decrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = decrypt.get())) { ofs << (char)c; } ofs.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } void EncryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Encryption encryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ofs, encryptor); std::ostream encrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = ifs.get())) { encrypt << (char)c; } encrypt.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { EncryptFile(argv[1], "encrypted.out"); DecryptFile("encrypted.out", "decrypted.out"); return 0; }

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Linked List manipulation, issues retrieving data c++

- by floatfil

I'm trying to implement some functions to manipulate a linked list. The implementation is a template typename T and the class is 'List' which includes a 'head' pointer and also a struct: struct Node { // the node in a linked list T* data; // pointer to actual data, operations in T Node* next; // pointer to a Node }; Since it is a template, and 'T' can be any data, how do I go about checking the data of a list to see if it matches the data input into the function? The function is called 'retrieve' and takes two parameters, the data and a pointer: bool retrieve(T target, T*& ptr); // This is the prototype we need to use for the project "bool retrieve : similar to remove, but not removed from list. If there are duplicates in the list, the first one encountered is retrieved. Second parameter is unreliable if return value is false. E.g., " Employee target("duck", "donald"); success = company1.retrieve(target, oneEmployee); if (success) { cout << "Found in list: " << *oneEmployee << endl; } And the function is called like this: company4.retrieve(emp3, oneEmployee) So that when you cout *oneEmployee, you'll get the data of that pointer (in this case the data is of type Employee). (Also, this is assuming all data types have the apropriate overloaded operators) I hope this makes sense so far, but my issue is in comparing the data in the parameter and the data while going through the list. (The data types that we use all include overloads for equality operators, so oneData == twoData is valid) This is what I have so far: template <typename T> bool List<T>::retrieve(T target , T*& ptr) { List<T>::Node* dummyPtr = head; // point dummy pointer to what the list's head points to for(;;) { if (*dummyPtr->data == target) { // EDIT: it now compiles, but it breaks here and I get an Access Violation error. ptr = dummyPtr->data; // set the parameter pointer to the dummy pointer return true; // return true } else { dummyPtr = dummyPtr->next; // else, move to the next data node } } return false; } Here is the implementation for the Employee class: //-------------------------- constructor ----------------------------------- Employee::Employee(string last, string first, int id, int sal) { idNumber = (id >= 0 && id <= MAXID? id : -1); salary = (sal >= 0 ? sal : -1); lastName = last; firstName = first; } //-------------------------- destructor ------------------------------------ // Needed so that memory for strings is properly deallocated Employee::~Employee() { } //---------------------- copy constructor ----------------------------------- Employee::Employee(const Employee& E) { lastName = E.lastName; firstName = E.firstName; idNumber = E.idNumber; salary = E.salary; } //-------------------------- operator= --------------------------------------- Employee& Employee::operator=(const Employee& E) { if (&E != this) { idNumber = E.idNumber; salary = E.salary; lastName = E.lastName; firstName = E.firstName; } return *this; } //----------------------------- setData ------------------------------------ // set data from file bool Employee::setData(ifstream& inFile) { inFile >> lastName >> firstName >> idNumber >> salary; return idNumber >= 0 && idNumber <= MAXID && salary >= 0; } //------------------------------- < ---------------------------------------- // < defined by value of name bool Employee::operator<(const Employee& E) const { return lastName < E.lastName || (lastName == E.lastName && firstName < E.firstName); } //------------------------------- <= ---------------------------------------- // < defined by value of inamedNumber bool Employee::operator<=(const Employee& E) const { return *this < E || *this == E; } //------------------------------- > ---------------------------------------- // > defined by value of name bool Employee::operator>(const Employee& E) const { return lastName > E.lastName || (lastName == E.lastName && firstName > E.firstName); } //------------------------------- >= ---------------------------------------- // < defined by value of name bool Employee::operator>=(const Employee& E) const { return *this > E || *this == E; } //----------------- operator == (equality) ---------------- // if name of calling and passed object are equal, // return true, otherwise false // bool Employee::operator==(const Employee& E) const { return lastName == E.lastName && firstName == E.firstName; } //----------------- operator != (inequality) ---------------- // return opposite value of operator== bool Employee::operator!=(const Employee& E) const { return !(*this == E); } //------------------------------- << --------------------------------------- // display Employee object ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const Employee& E) { output << setw(4) << E.idNumber << setw(7) << E.salary << " " << E.lastName << " " << E.firstName << endl; return output; } I will include a check for NULL pointer but I just want to get this working and will test it on a list that includes the data I am checking. Thanks to whoever can help and as usual, this is for a course so I don't expect or want the answer, but any tips as to what might be going wrong will help immensely!

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Can't connect to SSL web service with WS-Security using PHP SOAP extension - certificate, complex WSDL

- by BillF

Using the PHP5 SOAP extension I have been unable to connect to a web service having an https endpoint, with client certificate and using WS-Security, although I can connect using soapUI with the exact same wsdl and client certificate, and obtain the normal response to the request. There is no HTTP authentication and no proxy is involved. The message I get is 'Could not connect to host'. Have been able to verify that I am NOT hitting the host server. (Earlier I wrongly said that I was hitting the server.) The self-signed client SSL certificate is a .pem file converted by openssl from a .p12 keystore which in turn was converted by keytool from a .jks keystore having a single entry consisting of private key and client certificate. In soapUI I did not need to supply a server private certificate, the only two files I gave it were the wdsl and pem. I did have to supply the pem and its passphrase to be able to connect. I am speculating that despite the error message my problem might actually be in the formation of the XML request rather than the SSL connection itself. The wsdl I have been given has nested complex types. The php server is on my Windows XP laptop with IIS. The code, data values and WSDL extracts are shown below. (The WSSoapClient class simply extends SoapClient, adding a WS-Security Username Token header with mustUnderstand = true and including a nonce, both of which the soapUI call had required.) Would so much appreciate any help. I'm a newbie thrown in at the deep end, and how! Have done vast amounts of Googling on this over many days, following many suggestions and have read Pro PHP by Kevin McArthur. An attempt to use classmaps in place of nested arrays also fell flat. The Code class STEeService { public function invokeWebService(array $connection, $operation, array $request) { try { $localCertificateFilespec = $connection['localCertificateFilespec']; $localCertificatePassphrase = $connection['localCertificatePassphrase']; $sslOptions = array( 'ssl' => array( 'local_cert' => $localCertificateFilespec, 'passphrase' => $localCertificatePassphrase, 'allow_self-signed' => true, 'verify_peer' => false ) ); $sslContext = stream_context_create($sslOptions); $clientArguments = array( 'stream_context' => $sslContext, 'local_cert' => $localCertificateFilespec, 'passphrase' => $localCertificatePassphrase, 'trace' => true, 'exceptions' => true, 'encoding' => 'UTF-8', 'soap_version' => SOAP_1_1 ); $oClient = new WSSoapClient($connection['wsdlFilespec'], $clientArguments); $oClient->__setUsernameToken($connection['username'], $connection['password']); return $oClient->__soapCall($operation, $request); } catch (exception $e) { throw new Exception("Exception in eServices " . $operation . " ," . $e->getMessage(), "\n"); } } } $connection is as follows: array(5) { ["username"]=> string(8) "DFU00050" ["password"]=> string(10) "Fabricate1" ["wsdlFilespec"]=> string (63) "c:/inetpub/wwwroot/DMZExternalService_Concrete_WSDL_Staging.xml" ["localCertificateFilespec"]=> string(37) "c:/inetpub/wwwroot/ClientKeystore.pem" ["localCertificatePassphrase"]=> string(14) "password123456" } $clientArguments is as follows: array(7) { ["stream_context"]=> resource(8) of type (stream-context) ["local_cert"]=> string(37) "c:/inetpub/wwwroot/ClientKeystore.pem" ["passphrase"]=> string(14) "password123456" ["trace"]=> bool(true) ["exceptions"]=> bool(true) ["encoding"]=> string(5) "UTF-8" ["soap_version"]=> int(1) } $operation is as follows: 'getConsignmentDetails' $request is as follows: array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["header"]=> array(2) { ["source"]=> string(9) "customerA" ["accountNo"]=> string(8) "10072906" } ["consignmentId"]=> string(11) "GKQ00000085" } } Note how there is an extra level of nesting, an array wrapping the request which is itself an array. This was suggested in a post although I don't see the reason, but it seems to help avoid other exceptions. The exception thrown by ___soapCall is as follows: object(SoapFault)#6 (9) { ["message":protected]=> string(25) "Could not connect to host" ["string":"Exception":private]=> string(0) "" ["code":protected]=> int(0) ["file":protected]=> string(43) "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\eServices\WSSecurity.php" ["line":protected]=> int(85) ["trace":"Exception":private]=> array(5) { [0]=> array(6) { ["file"]=> string(43) "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\eServices\WSSecurity.php" ["line"]=> int(85) ["function"]=> string(11) "__doRequest" ["class"]=> string(10) "SoapClient" ["type"]=> string(2) "->" ["args"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(1240) " DFU00050 Fabricate1 E0ByMUA= 2010-10-28T13:13:52Z customerA10072906GKQ00000085 " [1]=> string(127) "https://services.startrackexpress.com.au:7560/DMZExternalService/InterfaceServices/ExternalOps.serviceagent/OperationsEndpoint1" [2]=> string(104) "/DMZExternalService/InterfaceServices/ExternalOps.serviceagent/OperationsEndpoint1/getConsignmentDetails" [3]=> int(1) } } [1]=> array(4) { ["function"]=> string(11) "__doRequest" ["class"]=> string(39) "startrackexpress\eservices\WSSoapClient" ["type"]=> string(2) "->" ["args"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(1240) " DFU00050 Fabricate1 E0ByMUA= 2010-10-28T13:13:52Z customerA10072906GKQ00000085 " [1]=> string(127) "https://services.startrackexpress.com.au:7560/DMZExternalService/InterfaceServices/ExternalOps.serviceagent/OperationsEndpoint1" [2]=> string(104) "/DMZExternalService/InterfaceServices/ExternalOps.serviceagent/OperationsEndpoint1/getConsignmentDetails" [3]=> int(1) [4]=> int(0) } } [2]=> array(6) { ["file"]=> string(43) "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\eServices\WSSecurity.php" ["line"]=> int(70) ["function"]=> string(10) "__soapCall" ["class"]=> string(10) "SoapClient" ["type"]=> string(2) "->" ["args"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(21) "getConsignmentDetails" [1]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["header"]=> array(2) { ["source"]=> string(9) "customerA" ["accountNo"]=> string(8) "10072906" } ["consignmentId"]=> string(11) "GKQ00000085" } } [2]=> NULL [3]=> object(SoapHeader)#5 (4) { ["namespace"]=> string(81) "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" ["name"]=> string(8) "Security" ["data"]=> object(SoapVar)#4 (2) { ["enc_type"]=> int(147) ["enc_value"]=> string(594) " DFU00050 Fabricate1 E0ByMUA= 2010-10-28T13:13:52Z " } ["mustUnderstand"]=> bool(true) } } } [3]=> array(6) { ["file"]=> string(42) "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\eServices\eServices.php" ["line"]=> int(87) ["function"]=> string(10) "__soapCall" ["class"]=> string(39) "startrackexpress\eservices\WSSoapClient" ["type"]=> string(2) "->" ["args"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(21) "getConsignmentDetails" [1]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["header"]=> array(2) { ["source"]=> string(9) "customerA" ["accountNo"]=> string(8) "10072906" } ["consignmentId"]=> string(11) "GKQ00000085" } } } } [4]=> array(6) { ["file"]=> string(58) "C:\Inetpub\wwwroot\eServices\EnquireConsignmentDetails.php" ["line"]=> int(44) ["function"]=> string(16) "invokeWebService" ["class"]=> string(38) "startrackexpress\eservices\STEeService" ["type"]=> string(2) "->" ["args"]=> array(3) { [0]=> array(5) { ["username"]=> string(10) "DFU00050 " ["password"]=> string(12) "Fabricate1 " ["wsdlFilespec"]=> string(63) "c:/inetpub/wwwroot/DMZExternalService_Concrete_WSDL_Staging.xml" ["localCertificateFilespec"]=> string(37) "c:/inetpub/wwwroot/ClientKeystore.pem" ["localCertificatePassphrase"]=> string(14) "password123456" } [1]=> string(21) "getConsignmentDetails" [2]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["header"]=> array(2) { ["source"]=> string(9) "customerA" ["accountNo"]=> string(8) "10072906" } ["consignmentId"]=> string(11) "GKQ00000085" } } } } } ["previous":"Exception":private]=> NULL ["faultstring"]=> string(25) "Could not connect to host" ["faultcode"]=> string(4) "HTTP" } Here are some WSDL extracts (TIBCO BusinessWorks): <xsd:complexType name="TransactionHeaderType"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="source" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="accountNo" type="xsd:integer"/> <xsd:element name="userId" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/> <xsd:element name="transactionId" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/> <xsd:element name="transactionDatetime" type="xsd:dateTime" minOccurs="0"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> <xsd:element name="getConsignmentDetailRequest"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="header" type="prim:TransactionHeaderType"/> <xsd:element name="consignmentId" type="prim:ID" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="getConsignmentDetailResponse"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="consignment" type="freight:consignmentType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="getConsignmentDetailRequest"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="header" type="prim:TransactionHeaderType"/> <xsd:element name="consignmentId" type="prim:ID" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="getConsignmentDetailResponse"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="consignment" type="freight:consignmentType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <wsdl:operation name="getConsignmentDetails"> <wsdl:input message="tns:getConsignmentDetailsRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="tns:getConsignmentDetailsResponse"/> <wsdl:fault name="fault1" message="tns:fault"/> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:service name="ExternalOps"> <wsdl:port name="OperationsEndpoint1" binding="tns:OperationsEndpoint1Binding"> <soap:address location="https://services.startrackexpress.com.au:7560/DMZExternalService/InterfaceServices/ExternalOps.serviceagent/OperationsEndpoint1"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service> And here in case it's relevant is the WSSoapClient class: <?PHP namespace startrackexpress\eservices; use SoapClient, SoapVar, SoapHeader; class WSSoapClient extends SoapClient { private $username; private $password; /*Generates a WS-Security header*/ private function wssecurity_header() { $timestamp = gmdate('Y-m-d\TH:i:s\Z'); $nonce = mt_rand(); $passdigest = base64_encode(pack('H*', sha1(pack('H*', $nonce).pack('a*', $timestamp).pack('a*', $this->password)))); $auth = ' <wsse:Security SOAP-ENV:mustUnderstand="1" xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd"> <wsse:UsernameToken> <wsse:Username>' . $this->username . '</wsse:Username> <wsse:Password Type="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile-1.0#PasswordText">' . $this->password . '</wsse:Password> <wsse:Nonce>' . base64_encode(pack('H*', $nonce)).'</wsse:Nonce> <wsu:Created xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd">' . $timestamp . '</wsu:Created> </wsse:UsernameToken> </wsse:Security> '; $authvalues = new SoapVar($auth, XSD_ANYXML); $header = new SoapHeader("http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd", "Security",$authvalues, true); return $header; } // Sets a username and passphrase public function __setUsernameToken($username,$password) { $this->username=$username; $this->password=$password; } // Overwrites the original method, adding the security header public function __soapCall($function_name, $arguments, $options=null, $input_headers=null, $output_headers=null) { try { $result = parent::__soapCall($function_name, $arguments, $options, $this->wssecurity_header()); return $result; } catch (exception $e) { throw new Exception("Exception in __soapCall, " . $e->getMessage(), "\n"); } } } ?> Update: The request XML would have been as follows: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:ns1="http://startrackexpress/Common/Primitives/v1" xmlns:ns2="http://startrackexpress/Common/actions/externals/Consignment/v1" xmlns:ns3="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd"> <SOAP-ENV:Header> <wsse:Security SOAP-ENV:mustUnderstand="1" xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd"> <wsse:UsernameToken> <wsse:Username>DFU00050</wsse:Username> <wsse:Password Type="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-username-token-profile-1.0#PasswordText">Fabricate1</wsse:Password> <wsse:Nonce>M4FIeGA=</wsse:Nonce> <wsu:Created xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd">2010-10-29T14:05:27Z</wsu:Created> </wsse:UsernameToken> </wsse:Security> </SOAP-ENV:Header> <SOAP-ENV:Body><ns2:getConsignmentDetailRequest> <ns2:header><ns1:source>customerA</ns1:source><ns1:accountNo>10072906</ns1:accountNo></ns2:header> <ns2:consignmentId>GKQ00000085</ns2:consignmentId> </ns2:getConsignmentDetailRequest></SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope> This was obtained with the following code in WSSoapClient: public function __doRequest($request, $location, $action, $version) { echo "<p> " . htmlspecialchars($request) . " </p>" ; return parent::__doRequest($request, $location, $action, $version); }

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while running mvn jetty:run showing the following error ..

- by munna

C:\source\myprojectmvn jetty:run [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building AppFuse Spring MVC Application [INFO] task-segment: [jetty:run] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Preparing jetty:run [WARNING] POM for 'xfire:xfire-jsr181-api:pom:1.0-M1:compile' is invalid. Its dependencies (if any) will NOT be available to the current build. [INFO] [warpath:add-classes {execution: default}] [INFO] [aspectj:compile {execution: default}] [INFO] [native2ascii:native2ascii {execution: native2ascii-utf8}] [INFO] [native2ascii:native2ascii {execution: native2ascii-8859_1}] [INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}] [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b uild is platform dependent! [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 12 resources [INFO] Copying 1 resource [INFO] Copying 26 resources [INFO] Copying 26 resources [INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}] [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}] [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b uild is platform dependent! [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 4 resources [INFO] Copying 9 resources [INFO] Preparing hibernate3:hbm2ddl [WARNING] Removing: hbm2ddl from forked lifecycle, to prevent recursive invocati on. [INFO] [warpath:add-classes {execution: default}] [INFO] [aspectj:compile {execution: default}] [INFO] [native2ascii:native2ascii {execution: native2ascii-utf8}] [INFO] [native2ascii:native2ascii {execution: native2ascii-8859_1}] [INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}] [WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. b uild is platform dependent! [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 12 resources [INFO] Copying 1 resource [INFO] Copying 26 resources [INFO] Copying 26 resources [INFO] Copying 26 resources [INFO] Copying 26 resources [INFO] [hibernate3:hbm2ddl {execution: default}] [INFO] Configuration XML file loaded: file:/C:/source/myproject/src/main/resourc es/hibernate.cfg.xml [INFO] Configuration XML file loaded: file:/C:/source/myproject/src/main/resourc es/hibernate.cfg.xml [INFO] Configuration Properties file loaded: C:\source\myproject\target\classes\ jdbc.properties alter table user_role drop foreign key FK143BF46A4FD90D75; alter table user_role drop foreign key FK143BF46AF503D155; drop table if exists app_user; drop table if exists role; drop table if exists user_role; create table app_user (id bigint not null auto_increment, account_expired bit no t null, account_locked bit not null, address varchar(150), city varchar(50) not null, country varchar(100), postal_code varchar(15) not null, province varchar(1 00), credentials_expired bit not null, email varchar(255) not null unique, accou nt_enabled bit, first_name varchar(50) not null, last_name varchar(50) not null, password varchar(255) not null, password_hint varchar(255), phone_number varcha r(255), username varchar(50) not null unique, version integer, website varchar(2 55), primary key (id)) ENGINE=InnoDB; create table role (id bigint not null auto_increment, description varchar(64), n ame varchar(20), primary key (id)) ENGINE=InnoDB; create table user_role (user_id bigint not null, role_id bigint not null, primar y key (user_id, role_id)) ENGINE=InnoDB; alter table user_role add index FK143BF46A4FD90D75 (role_id), add constraint FK1 43BF46A4FD90D75 foreign key (role_id) references role (id); alter table user_role add index FK143BF46AF503D155 (user_id), add constraint FK1 43BF46AF503D155 foreign key (user_id) references app_user (id); [INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}] [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [dbunit:operation {execution: test-compile}] [INFO] [jetty:run {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] Configuring Jetty for project: AppFuse Spring MVC Application [INFO] Webapp source directory = C:\source\myproject\src\main\webapp [INFO] web.xml file = C:\source\myproject\src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\web.xml [INFO] Classes = C:\source\myproject\target\classes [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\applicationContext-validation.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\applicationContext.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\dispatcher-servlet.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\menu-config.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\urlrewrite.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\validation.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\validator-rules-custom.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\validator-rules.xml [INFO] Adding extra scan target from pattern: C:\source\myproject\src\main\webap p\WEB-INF\web.xml 2010-06-02 15:13:28.921::INFO: Logging to STDERR via org.mortbay.log.StdErrLog [INFO] Context path = / [INFO] Tmp directory = determined at runtime [INFO] Web defaults = org/mortbay/jetty/webapp/webdefault.xml [INFO] Web overrides = none [INFO] Webapp directory = C:\source\myproject\src\main\webapp [INFO] Starting jetty 6.1.9 ... 2010-06-02 15:13:28.983::INFO: jetty-6.1.9 2010-06-02 15:13:28.248::INFO: No Transaction manager found - if your webapp re quires one, please configure one. 2010-06-02 15:13:28.482:/:INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext [myproject] ERROR [main] ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(215) | Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException pars ing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml]; nest ed exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext res ource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml] at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:349) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:124) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:92) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationCon text.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:123) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtain FreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:423) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refres h(AbstractApplicationContext.java:353) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationCon text(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationConte xt(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitiali zed(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler. java:540) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:135) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.jav a:1220) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java: 510) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:448 ) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6PluginWebAppContext.doStart(Jetty6Plug inWebAppContext.java:110) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection .java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.doStart(ContextHan dlerCollection.java:156) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection .java:152) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java: 130) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:222) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6PluginServer.start(Jetty6PluginServer. java:132) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.startJetty(AbstractJettyMo jo.java:357) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.execute(AbstractJettyMojo. java:293) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyRunMojo.execute(AbstractJettyRu nMojo.java:203) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6RunMojo.execute(Jetty6RunMojo.java:184 ) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultPlugi nManager.java:490) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(Defa ultLifecycleExecutor.java:694) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeStandalone Goal(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:569) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoal(Defau ltLifecycleExecutor.java:539) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoalAndHan dleFailures(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:387) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeTaskSegmen ts(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:348) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.execute(DefaultLi fecycleExecutor.java:180) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:328) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:138) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:362) at org.apache.maven.cli.compat.CompatibleMain.main(CompatibleMain.java:6 0) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl. java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces sorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:315) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:255) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:430) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:375) Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml] at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getInp utStream(ServletContextResource.java:116) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336) ... 51 more 2010-06-02 15:13:29.919::WARN: Failed startup of context org.mortbay.jetty.plug in.Jetty6PluginWebAppContext@1ba4806{/,C:\source\myproject\src\main\webapp} org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: IOException pars ing XML document from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml]; nest ed exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext res ource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml] at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:349) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:124) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:92) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationCon text.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:123) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtain FreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:423) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refres h(AbstractApplicationContext.java:353) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationCon text(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationConte xt(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitiali zed(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler. java:540) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:135) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.jav a:1220) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java: 510) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:448 ) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6PluginWebAppContext.doStart(Jetty6Plug inWebAppContext.java:110) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection .java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.doStart(ContextHan dlerCollection.java:156) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection .java:152) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java: 130) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:222) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6PluginServer.start(Jetty6PluginServer. java:132) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.startJetty(AbstractJettyMo jo.java:357) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.execute(AbstractJettyMojo. java:293) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyRunMojo.execute(AbstractJettyRu nMojo.java:203) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6RunMojo.execute(Jetty6RunMojo.java:184 ) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultPlugi nManager.java:490) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(Defa ultLifecycleExecutor.java:694) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeStandalone Goal(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:569) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoal(Defau ltLifecycleExecutor.java:539) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoalAndHan dleFailures(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:387) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeTaskSegmen ts(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:348) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.execute(DefaultLi fecycleExecutor.java:180) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:328) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:138) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:362) at org.apache.maven.cli.compat.CompatibleMain.main(CompatibleMain.java:6 0) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl. java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces sorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:315) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:255) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:430) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:375) Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml] at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getInp utStream(ServletContextResource.java:116) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336) ... 51 more 2010-06-02 15:13:29.152::WARN: Nested in org.springframework.beans.factory.Bean DefinitionStoreException: IOException parsing XML document from ServletContext r esource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundEx ception: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml]: java.io.FileNotFoundException: Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/ xfire-servlet.xml] at org.springframework.web.context.support.ServletContextResource.getInp utStream(ServletContextResource.java:116) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336) at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBea nDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReade r.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:124) at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.load BeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:92) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationCon text.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:123) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtain FreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:423) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refres h(AbstractApplicationContext.java:353) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationCon text(ContextLoader.java:255) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationConte xt(ContextLoader.java:199) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitiali zed(ContextLoaderListener.java:45) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.startContext(ContextHandler. java:540) at org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.Context.startContext(Context.java:135) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.startContext(WebAppContext.jav a:1220) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java: 510) at org.mortbay.jetty.webapp.WebAppContext.doStart(WebAppContext.java:448 ) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6PluginWebAppContext.doStart(Jetty6Plug inWebAppContext.java:110) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection .java:152) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.ContextHandlerCollection.doStart(ContextHan dlerCollection.java:156) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerCollection.doStart(HandlerCollection .java:152) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.handler.HandlerWrapper.doStart(HandlerWrapper.java: 130) at org.mortbay.jetty.Server.doStart(Server.java:222) at org.mortbay.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java: 39) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6PluginServer.start(Jetty6PluginServer. java:132) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.startJetty(AbstractJettyMo jo.java:357) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyMojo.execute(AbstractJettyMojo. java:293) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.AbstractJettyRunMojo.execute(AbstractJettyRu nMojo.java:203) at org.mortbay.jetty.plugin.Jetty6RunMojo.execute(Jetty6RunMojo.java:184 ) at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultPlugi nManager.java:490) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoals(Defa ultLifecycleExecutor.java:694) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeStandalone Goal(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:569) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoal(Defau ltLifecycleExecutor.java:539) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeGoalAndHan dleFailures(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:387) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.executeTaskSegmen ts(DefaultLifecycleExecutor.java:348) at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleExecutor.execute(DefaultLi fecycleExecutor.java:180) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:328) at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:138) at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:362) at org.apache.maven.cli.compat.CompatibleMain.main(CompatibleMain.java:6 0) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl. java:39) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces sorImpl.java:25) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:315) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:255) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:430) at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:375) 2010-06-02 15:13:29.417::INFO: Started [email protected]:8080 [INFO] Started Jetty Server [INFO] Starting scanner at interval of 3 seconds.

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Migrating ASP.NET MVC 1.0 applications to ASP.NET MVC 2 RTM

- by Eilon

Note: ASP.NET MVC 2 RTM isn’t yet released! But this tool will help you get your ASP.NET MVC 1.0 applications ready for when it is! I have updated the MVC App Converter to convert projects from ASP.NET MVC 1.0 to ASP.NET MVC 2 RTM. This should be last the last major change to the MVC App Converter that I released previews of in the past several months. Download The app is a single executable: Download MvcAppConverter-MVC2RTM.zip (255 KB). Usage The only requirement for this tool is that you have .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 on the machine. You do not need to have Visual Studio or ASP.NET MVC installed (unless you want to open your project!). Even though the tool performs an automatic backup of your solution it is recommended that you perform a manual backup of your solution as well. To convert an ASP.NET MVC 1.0 project built with Visual Studio 2008 to an ASP.NET MVC 2 project in Visual Studio 2008 perform these steps: Launch the converter Select the solution Click the “Convert” button To convert an ASP.NET MVC 1.0 project built with Visual Studio 2008 to an ASP.NET MVC 2 project in Visual Studio 2010: Wait until Visual Studio 2010 is released (next month!) and it will have a built-in version of this tool that will run automatically when you open an ASP.NET MVC 1.0 project Perform the above steps, then open the project in Visual Studio 2010 and it will perform the remaining conversion steps What it can do Open up ASP.NET MVC 1.0 projects from Visual Studio 2008 (no other versions of ASP.NET MVC or Visual Studio are supported) Create a full backup of your solution’s folder For every VB or C# project that has a reference to System.Web.Mvc.dll it will (this includes ASP.NET MVC web application projects as well as ASP.NET MVC test projects): Update references to ASP.NET MVC 2 Add a reference to System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations 3.5 (if not already present) For every VB or C# ASP.NET MVC Web Application it will: Change the project type to an ASP.NET MVC 2 project Update the root ~/web.config references to ASP.NET MVC 2 Update the root ~/web.config to have a binding redirect from ASP.NET MVC 1.0 to ASP.NET MVC 2 Update the ~/Views/web.config references to ASP.NET MVC 2 Add or update the JavaScript files (add jQuery, add jQuery.Validate, add Microsoft AJAX, add/update Microsoft MVC AJAX, add Microsoft MVC Validation adapter) Unknown project types or project types that have nothing to do with ASP.NET MVC will not be updated What it can’t do It cannot convert projects directly to Visual Studio 2010 or to .NET Framework 4. It can have issues if your solution contains projects that are not located under the solution directory. If you are using a source control system it might have problems overwriting files. It is recommended that before converting you check out all files from the source control system. It cannot change code in the application that might need to be changed due to breaking changes between ASP.NET MVC 1.0 and ASP.NET MVC 2. Feedback, Please! If you need to convert a project to ASP.NET MVC 2 please try out this application and hopefully you’re good to go. If you spot any bugs or features that don’t work leave a comment here and I will try to address these issues in an updated release.

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Silverlight 4 Released

- by ScottGu

The final release of Silverlight 4 is now available. What is in the Silverlight 4 Release Silverlight 4 contains a ton of new features and capabilities. In particular we focused on three scenarios with this release: Further enhancing media support Building great business applications Enabling out of the browser experiences On Tuesday I gave a 60 minute keynote about Silverlight 4 which showed off many of the new features and capabilities now available. You can watch my keynote to learn more about Silverlight 4 and see a ton of great demos of it in action. Also check out these three great posts by Tim Heuer that talk about the new features and provide a guide to the new Silverlight 4 capabilities: Silverlight 4 Beta – A Guide to the New Features Silverlight 4 RC – What was updated Silverlight 4 Released Also read David Anson’s great Silverlight 4 Toolkit post to learn more about the new controls and functionality also available within the Silverlight Toolkit release we also made available today. Also visit this page to learn more about the new Pivot functionality in Silverlight 4 – which makes it really easy to visualize and interact with collections of images using Silverlight. Lastly – make sure to visit the www.silverlight.net web-site and visit the “Get Started” section to find free tutorials that you can use. Download and Install Silverlight 4 Tools for VS 2010 To develop Silverlight 4 applications you should first download and install Visual Studio 2010 or download and install the free Visual Web Developer 2010 Express edition. Then install the Silverlight Tools RC2 for Visual Studio 2010. This setup includes the Silverlight 4 Developer Runtime, Silverlight 4 SDK, RIA Services, and VS 2010 tools support. Once installed you can do File->New Project and choose Silverlight Application to create your first Silverlight 4 project. You can then use the new WYSIWYG Silverlight designer in Visual Studio 2010 to design and build rich Silverlight 4 applications. Important: If you previously installed the Silverlight 4 Beta or RC build on your machine, please make sure to go into Add/Remove programs and uninstall the “Update for Visual Studio 2010 (KB976272)” package prior to installing the Silverlight Tools RC2 for Visual Studio 2010 setup. Note that while Silverlight 4 is released, the “Silverlight 4 Tools for VS 2010” is currently in “RC2” mode (meaning we are going to keep an eye out for any remaining issues before finally calling it done). We’ll update the tools to be “final” in a few weeks once we verify that no last minute issues/bugs remain. Download and Install Expression Blend 4 Release Candidate You can also download and install the Expression Blend 4 RC to create and design great Silverlight 4 applications. Blend contains “Sketchflow” support – which makes it really easy to rapidly prototype ideas and applications. To learn more about Sketchflow watch this 90 second video of it in action. Summary Today’s release is the fourth release of Silverlight that we’ve shipped in the last 2.5 years. The team has done a great job of advancing it quickly and staying focused. We think today’s Silverlight 4 release opens up a ton of new opportunities to build great solutions for both consumers and business scenarios. We are looking forward to seeing what you build with it! Hope this helps, Scott

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May 20th Links: ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET, .NET 4, VS 2010, Silverlight

- by ScottGu

Here is the latest in my link-listing series. Also check out my VS 2010 and .NET 4 series and ASP.NET MVC 2 series for other on-going blog series I’m working on. [In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu] ASP.NET MVC How to Localize an ASP.NET MVC Application: Michael Ceranski has a good blog post that describes how to localize ASP.NET MVC 2 applications. ASP.NET MVC with jTemplates Part 1 and Part 2: Steve Gentile has a nice two-part set of blog posts that demonstrate how to use the jTemplate and DataTable jQuery libraries to implement client-side data binding with ASP.NET MVC. CascadingDropDown jQuery Plugin for ASP.NET MVC: Raj Kaimal has a nice blog post that demonstrates how to implement a dynamically constructed cascading dropdownlist on the client using jQuery and ASP.NET MVC. How to Configure VS 2010 Code Coverage for ASP.NET MVC Unit Tests: Visual Studio enables you to calculate the “code coverage” of your unit tests. This measures the percentage of code within your application that is exercised by your tests – and can give you a sense of how much test coverage you have. Gunnar Peipman demonstrates how to configure this for ASP.NET MVC projects. Shrinkr URL Shortening Service Sample: A nice open source application and code sample built by Kazi Manzur that demonstrates how to implement a URL Shortening Services (like bit.ly) using ASP.NET MVC 2 and EF4. More details here. Creating RSS Feeds in ASP.NET MVC: Damien Guard has a nice post that describes a cool new “FeedResult” class he created that makes it easy to publish and expose RSS feeds from within ASP.NET MVC sites. NoSQL with MongoDB, NoRM and ASP.NET MVC Part 1 and Part 2: Nice two-part blog series by Shiju Varghese on how to use MongoDB (a document database) with ASP.NET MVC. If you are interested in document databases also make sure to check out the Raven DB project from Ayende. Using the FCKEditor with ASP.NET MVC: Quick blog post that describes how to use FCKEditor – an open source HTML Text Editor – with ASP.NET MVC. ASP.NET Replace Html.Encode Calls with the New HTML Encoding Syntax: Phil Haack has a good blog post that describes a useful way to quickly update your ASP.NET pages and ASP.NET MVC views to use the new <%: %> encoding syntax in ASP.NET 4. I blogged about the new <%: %> syntax – it provides an easy and concise way to HTML encode content. Integrating Twitter into an ASP.NET Website using OAuth: Scott Mitchell has a nice article that describes how to take advantage of Twiter within an ASP.NET Website using the OAuth protocol – which is a simple, secure protocol for granting API access. Creating an ASP.NET report using VS 2010 Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3: Raj Kaimal has a nice three part set of blog posts that detail how to use SQL Server Reporting Services, ASP.NET 4 and VS 2010 to create a dynamic reporting solution. Three Hidden Extensibility Gems in ASP.NET 4: Phil Haack blogs about three obscure but useful extensibility points enabled with ASP.NET 4. .NET 4 Entity Framework 4 Video Series: Julie Lerman has a nice, free, 7-part video series on MSDN that walks through how to use the new EF4 capabilities with VS 2010 and .NET 4. I’ll be covering EF4 in a blog series that I’m going to start shortly as well. Getting Lazy with System.Lazy: System.Lazy and System.Lazy<T> are new features in .NET 4 that provide a way to create objects that may need to perform time consuming operations and defer the execution of the operation until it is needed. Derik Whittaker has a nice write-up that describes how to use it. LINQ to Twitter: Nifty open source library on Codeplex that enables you to use LINQ syntax to query Twitter. Visual Studio 2010 Using Intellitrace in VS 2010: Chris Koenig has a nice 10 minute video that demonstrates how to use the new Intellitrace features of VS 2010 to enable DVR playback of your debug sessions. Make the VS 2010 IDE Colors look like VS 2008: Scott Hanselman has a nice blog post that covers the Visual Studio Color Theme Editor extension – which allows you to customize the VS 2010 IDE however you want. How to understand your code using Dependency Graphs, Sequence Diagrams, and the Architecture Explorer: Jennifer Marsman has a nice blog post describes how to take advantage of some of the new architecture features within VS 2010 to quickly analyze applications and legacy code-bases. How to maintain control of your code using Layer Diagrams: Another great blog post by Jennifer Marsman that demonstrates how to setup a “layer diagram” within VS 2010 to enforce clean layering within your applications. This enables you to enforce a compiler error if someone inadvertently violates a layer design rule. Collapse Selection in Solution Explorer Extension: Useful VS 2010 extension that enables you to quickly collapse “child nodes” within the Visual Studio Solution Explorer. If you have deeply nested project structures this extension is useful. Silverlight and Windows Phone 7 Building a Simple Windows Phone 7 Application: A nice tutorial blog post that demonstrates how to take advantage of Expression Blend to create an animated Windows Phone 7 application. If you haven’t checked out my Windows Phone 7 Twitter Tutorial I also recommend reading that. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. If you haven’t already, check out this month’s "Find a Hoster” page on the www.asp.net website to learn about great (and very inexpensive) ASP.NET hosting offers.

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The Microsoft Ajax Library and Visual Studio Beta 2

- by Stephen Walther

Visual Studio 2010 Beta 2 was released this week and one of the first things that I hope you notice is that it no longer contains the latest version of ASP.NET AJAX. What happened? Where did AJAX go? Just like Sting and The Police, just like Phil Collins and Genesis, just like Greg Page and the Wiggles, AJAX has gone out of band! We are starting a solo career. A Name Change First things first. In previous releases, our Ajax framework was named ASP.NET AJAX. We now have changed the name of the framework to the Microsoft Ajax Library. There are two reasons behind this name change. First, the members of the Ajax team got tired of explaining to everyone that our Ajax framework is not tied to the server-side ASP.NET framework. You can use the Microsoft Ajax Library with ASP.NET Web Forms, ASP.NET MVC, PHP, Ruby on RAILS, and even pure HTML applications. Our framework can be used as a client-only framework and having the word ASP.NET in our name was confusing people. Second, it was time to start spelling the word Ajax like everyone else. Notice that the name is the Microsoft Ajax Library and not the Microsoft AJAX library. Originally, Microsoft used upper case AJAX because AJAX originally was an acronym for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. And, according to Strunk and Wagnell, acronyms should be all uppercase. However, Ajax is one of those words that have migrated from acronym status to “just a word” status. So whenever you hear one of your co-workers talk about ASP.NET AJAX, gently correct your co-worker and say “It is now called the Microsoft Ajax Library.” Why OOB? But why move out-of-band (OOB)? The short answer is that we have had approximately 6 preview releases of the Microsoft Ajax Library over the last year. That’s a lot. We pride ourselves on being agile. Client-side technology evolves quickly. We want to be able to get a preview version of the Microsoft Ajax Library out to our customers, get feedback, and make changes to the library quickly. Shipping the Microsoft Ajax Library out-of-band keeps us agile and enables us to continue to ship new versions of the library even after ASP.NET 4 ships. Showing Love for JavaScript Developers One area in which we have received a lot of feedback is around making the Microsoft Ajax Library easier to use for developers who are comfortable with JavaScript. We also wanted to make it easy for jQuery developers to take advantage of the innovative features of the Microsoft Ajax Library. To achieve these goals, we’ve added the following features to the Microsoft Ajax Library (these features are included in the latest preview release that you can download right now): A simplified imperative syntax – We wanted to make it brain-dead simple to create client-side Ajax controls when writing JavaScript. A client script loader – We wanted the Microsoft Ajax Library to load all of the scripts required by a component or control automatically. jQuery integration – We love the jQuery selector syntax. We wanted to make it easy for jQuery developers to use the Microsoft Ajax Library without changing their programming style. If you are interested in learning about these new features of the Microsoft Ajax Library, I recommend that you read the following blog post by Scott Guthrie: http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2009/10/15/announcing-microsoft-ajax-library-preview-6-and-the-microsoft-ajax-minifier.aspx Downloading the Latest Version of the Microsoft Ajax Library Currently, the best place to download the latest version of the Microsoft Ajax Library is directly from the ASP.NET CodePlex project: http://aspnet.codeplex.com/ As I write this, the current version is Preview 6. The next version is coming out at the PDC. Summary I’m really excited about the future of the Microsoft Ajax Library. Moving outside of the ASP.NET framework provides us the flexibility to remain agile and continue to innovate aggressively. The latest preview release of the Microsoft Ajax Library includes several major new features including a client script loader, jQuery integration, and a simplified client control creation syntax.

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AIX Grid Control 10.2.0.5 Communication and Monitoring Issue since 31-DEC-2010

- by jayatheertha.rao(at)oracle.com

Detailed symptoms for Oracle Management Server (OMS) 10.2.0.5 on AIX Oracle Management Service 10.2.0.5 instances on AIX 5L remain active and functional, but the OMS instances fail to communicate with the Grid Control Management Agents.An SSLPeerUnverified exception will be reported in the file $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/emoms.trc when OMS attempts to connect with an Agent:Javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedat com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.getPeerCertificateChain(DashoA12275)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.authenticateHTTPConnection(EMDClient.java:2002)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getConnection(EMDClient.java:1877)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getConnection(EMDClient.java:1810)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.verifyHttpConnection(EMDClient.java:2540)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getResponseForRequest(EMDClient.java:2323)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getUploadManagerStatus(EMDClient.java:4853)at oracle.sysman.eml.admin.rep.emdConfig.EmdConfigTargetsData.getEmdUploadData(EmdConfigTargetsData.java:1640)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)This error may be reported when:- Accessing the Agent home page in Grid Control- Setting preferred credentials for a target monitored by the Agent- Managing metrics for a target monitored by the Agent The jobs scheduled to be run by Agents can become non-responsiveThe OMS log file $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/emoms.trc can show:2010-12-31 00:06:58,204 [JobWorker 430:Thread-34] DEBUG emSDK.comm getStreamResponse.4015 - oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedoracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedat oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getStreamResponse_(EMDClient.java:4088)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.getStreamResponse(EMDClient.java:4009)at oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.EMDClient.remoteOperation(EMDClient.java:3404)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.CommandManager.requestRemoteCommand(CommandManager.java:765)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.commands.RemoteOp.executeCommand(RemoteOp.java:434)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.commands.RemoteOp.executeCommand(RemoteOp.java:491)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.BaseJobWorker.runStep(BaseJobWorker.java:614)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.BaseJobWorker.doOneOperation(BaseJobWorker.java:738)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.JobWorker.doOneOperation(JobWorker.java:306)at oracle.sysman.emdrep.jobs.JobWorker.run(JobWorker.java:288)at oracle.sysman.util.threadPoolManager.WorkerThread.run(Worker.java:261) Detailed symptoms for Grid Control Management Agent 10.2.0.5 on AIX Beginning 31-DEC-2010 00:00:00, 10.2.0.5 Management Agents running on the AIX 5L operating system will fail to monitor Oracle Application Server targets. As a result, the Availability Status for the Oracle Application Server targets will be in the "Metric Error" state. NOTE: The 10.2.0.5.0 Agents would experience these errors regardless of the version/platform of the OMS.The following metric error is seen in the console for the Oracle Application Server targets monitored by a Grid Control Management Agent 10.2.0.5 installed on AIX and experiencing a Root Certificate Authority issue:Message oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticated The Grid Control Management Agent log file $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/emagentfetchlet.log (or $ORACLE_HOME/hostname/sysman/log/emagentfetchlet.log for a clustered Agent) includes the following errors:2010-12-31 00:01:03,626 [nmefmgr_getJNIFetchlet] ERROR ias.ResponseMetric getResponseMetric.154 - Unable tocompute application server statusoracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.fetchlet.FetchletException: oracle.sysman.emSDK.emd.comm.CommException: java.io.IOException: javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedat oracle.sysman.ias.ias.ResponseMetric.getResponseMetric(ResponseMetric.java:108)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:79)at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:618)at oracle.sysman.emd.fetchlets.JavaWrapperFetchlet.getMetric(JavaWrapperFetchlet.java:217)at oracle.sysman.emd.fetchlets.FetchletWrapper.getMetric(FetchletWrapper.java:382) Beginning 31-DEC-2010, 10.2.0.5 Management Agents on the AIX 5L platform will fail to secure or re-secure with Oracle Management Service (OMS). This failure will cause installation of 10.2.0.5 Agents on the AIX 5L platform to fail.NOTE: The 10.2.0.5.0 Agents would experience these errors regardless of the version/platform of the OMS.The "emctl secure agent" command will fail with the following error, which will be written to the $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/log/secure.log file (or $ORACLE_HOME/hostname/sysman/log/secure.log for a clustered Agent) :2011-01-03 21:06:11,941 [main] ERROR agent.SecureAgentCmd main.207 - Failedto secure the Agent:javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException: peer not authenticatedatcom.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSessionImpl.getPeerCertificateChain(DashoA6275)atoracle.sysman.emctl.secure.agent.SecureAgentCmd.checkUpload(SecureAgentCmd.java:478)atoracle.sysman.emctl.secure.agent.SecureAgentCmd.secureAgent(SecureAgentCmd.java:249)atoracle.sysman.emctl.secure.agent.SecureAgentCmd.main(SecureAgentCmd.java:200) For solution, refer to AIX Grid Control 10.2.0.5 SSL Communication and Monitoring Issue since 31-DEC-2010 (Doc ID 1275070.1)

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