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  • what is the correct way to close a socket in python 2.6?

    - by davidshen84
    hi, i have a simple server/client. and i am using the netcat as the client to test the server. if i stop the server before the client exit, i will not be able to start the server again for a while and i go this error: " [Errno 98] Address already in use " but if i close the client first, then the server stops, i will not have this issue. my server socket works like this: try: s=socket s.bind(..) s.listen(1) conn,addr=s.accept() finally: conn.close() s.close() it feels to me that the server did not close the socket properly. but i do not know how to fix this.

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  • Is there a better way to write this URL Manipulation in Python?

    - by dnolen
    I'm curious if there's a simpler way to remove a particular parameter from a url. What I came up with is the following. This seems a bit verbose. Libraries to use or a more pythonic version appreciated. parsed = urlparse(url) if parsed.query != "": params = dict([s.split("=") for s in parsed.query.split("&")]) if params.get("page"): del params["page"] url = urlunparse((parsed.scheme, None, parsed.path, None, urlencode(params.items()), parsed.fragment,)) parsed = urlparse(url)

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  • Putting newline in matplotlib label with TeX in Python?

    - by user248237
    How can I add a newline to a plot's label (e.g. xlabel or ylabel) in Matplotlib? For example, plt.bar([1, 2], [4, 5]) plt.xlabel("My x label") plt.ylabel(r"My long label with $\Sigma_{C}$ math \n continues here") Ideally i'd like the y-labeled to be centered too. Is there a way to do this? It's important that the label have both tex (enclosed in '$') and the newline. thanks.

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  • Add characters (',') every time a certain character ( , )is encountered ? Python 2.7.3

    - by draconisthe0ry
    Let's say you had a string test = 'wow, hello, how, are, you, doing' and you wanted full_list = ['wow','hello','how','are','you','doing'] i know you would start out with an empty list: empty_list = [] and would create a for loop to append the items into a list i'm just confused on how to go about this, I was trying something along the lines of: for i in test: if i == ',': then I get stuck . . .

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  • How can I login to a website with Python?

    - by Shady
    How can I do it? I was trying to enter some specified link (with urllib), but to do it, I need to log in. I have this source from the site: <form id="login-form" action="auth/login" method="post"> <div> <!--label for="rememberme">Remember me</label><input type="checkbox" class="remember" checked="checked" name="remember me" /--> <label for="email" id="email-label" class="no-js">Email</label> <input id="email-email" type="text" name="handle" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <label for="combination" id="combo-label" class="no-js">Combination</label> <input id="password-clear" type="text" value="Combination" autocomplete="off" /> <input id="password-password" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" /> <input id="sumbitLogin" class="signin" type="submit" value="Sign In" /> Is this possible?

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  • smarter "reverse" of a dictionary in python (acc for some of values being the same)?

    - by mrkafk
    def revert_dict(d): rd = {} for key in d: val = d[key] if val in rd: rd[val].append(key) else: rd[val] = [key] return rd >>> revert_dict({'srvc3': '1', 'srvc2': '1', 'srvc1': '2'}) {'1': ['srvc3', 'srvc2'], '2': ['srvc1']} This obviously isn't simple exchange of keys with values: this would overwrite some values (as new keys) which is NOT what I'm after. If 2 or more values are the same for different keys, keys are supposed to be grouped in a list. The above function works, but I wonder if there is a smarter / faster way?

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  • How to make a function retun after 5 second passes in python?

    - by alwbtc
    I want to write a function which will return after 5 seconds no matter what: def myfunction(): while passed_time < 5_seconds: do1() do2() do3() . . return I mean, this function run for 5 seconds only, after 5 seconds, it should end, and continue with other function: myfunction() otherfunction() ----> This should start 5 seconds after myfunction() is executed. Best Regards

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  • Given a pickle dump in python how to I determine the used protocol?

    - by SmCaterpillar
    Assume that I have a pickle dump - either as a file or just as a string - how can I determine the protocol that was used to create the pickle dump automatically? And if so, do I need to read the entire dump to figure out the protocol or can this be achieved in O(1)? By O(1) I think about some header information at the beginning of the pickle string or file whose read out does not require processing the whole dump. Thanks a lot!

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  • lambda vs. operator.attrGetter('xxx') as sort key in Python

    - by Paul McGuire
    I am looking at some code that has a lot of sort calls using comparison functions, and it seems like it should be using key functions. If you were to change seq.sort(lambda x,y: cmp(x.xxx, y.xxx)), which is preferable: seq.sort(key=operator.attrgetter('xxx')) or: seq.sort(key=lambda a:a.xxx) I would also be interested in comments on the merits of making changes to existing code that works.

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  • Python - How to wake up a sleeping process- multiprocessing?

    - by user1162512
    I need to wake up a sleeping process ? The time (t) for which it sleeps is calculated as t = D/S . Now since s is varying, can increase or decrease, I need to increase/decrease the sleeping time as well. The speed is received over a UDP procotol. So, how do I change the sleeping time of a process, keeping in mind the following:- If as per the previous speed `S1`, the time to sleep is `(D/S1)` . Now the speed is changed, it should now sleep for the new time,ie (D/S2). Since, it has already slept for D/S1 time, now it should sleep for D/S2 - D/S1. How would I do it? As of right now, I'm just assuming that the speed will remain constant all throughout the program, hence not notifying the process. But how would I do that according to the above condition? def process2(): p = multiprocessing.current_process() time.sleep(secs1) # send some packet1 via UDP time.sleep(secs2) # send some packet2 via UDP time.sleep(secs3) # send some packet3 via UDP Also, as in threads, 1) threading.activeCount(): Returns the number of thread objects that are active. 2) threading.currentThread(): Returns the number of thread objects in the caller's thread control. 3) threading.enumerate(): Returns a list of all thread objects that are currently active. What are the similar functions for getting activecount, enumerate in multiprocessing?

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  • Is there a better way to format this Python/Django code as valid PEP8?

    - by Ryan Detzel
    I have code written both ways and I see flaws in both of them. Is there another way to write this or is one approach more "correct" than the other? def functionOne(subscriber): try: results = MyModelObject.objects.filter( project__id=1, status=MyModelObject.STATUS.accepted, subscriber=subscriber).values_list( 'project_id', flat=True).order_by('-created_on') except: pass def functionOne(subscriber): try: results = MyModelObject.objects.filter( project__id=1, status=MyModelObject.STATUS.accepted, subscriber=subscriber) results = results.values_list('project_id', flat=True) results = results.order_by('-created_on') except: pass

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  • Is this a good approach to execute a list of operations on a data structure in Python?

    - by Sridhar Iyer
    I have a dictionary of data, the key is the file name and the value is another dictionary of its attribute values. Now I'd like to pass this data structure to various functions, each of which runs some test on the attribute and returns True/False. One approach would be to call each function one by one explicitly from the main code. However I can do something like this: #MYmodule.py class Mymodule: def MYfunc1(self): ... def MYfunc2(self): ... #main.py import Mymodule ... #fill the data structure ... #Now call all the functions in Mymodule one by one for funcs in dir(Mymodule): if funcs[:2]=='MY': result=Mymodule.__dict__.get(funcs)(dataStructure) The advantage of this approach is that implementation of main class needn't change when I add more logic/tests to MYmodule. Is this a good way to solve the problem at hand? Are there better alternatives to this solution?

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  • Python `if x is not None` or `if not x is None`?

    - by orokusaki
    I've always thought of the if not x is None version to be more clear, but Google's style guide implies (based on this excerpt) that they use if x is not None. Is there any minor performance difference (I'm assuming not), and is there any case where one really doesn't fit (making the other a clear winner for my convention)?* *I'm referring to any singleton, rather than just None. ...to compare singletons like None. Use is or is not.

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  • Python : How to add month to December 2012 and get January 2013?

    - by daydreamer
    >>> start_date = date(1983, 11, 23) >>> start_date.replace(month=start_date.month+1) datetime.date(1983, 12, 23) This works until the month is <=11, as soon as I do >>> start_date = date(1983, 12, 23) >>> start_date.replace(month=start_date.month+1) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ValueError: month must be in 1..12 How can I keep adding months which increments the year when new month is added to December?

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