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  • Must a Language that Implements Monads be Statically Typed?

    - by Morgan Cheng
    I am learning functional programming style. From this link http://channel9.msdn.com/shows/Going+Deep/Brian-Beckman-Dont-fear-the-Monads/, Brian Beckman gave a brilliant introduction about Monad. He mentioned that Monad is about composition of functions so as to address complexity. A Monad includes a unit function that transfers type T to an amplified type M(T); and a Bind function that, given function from T to M(U), transforms type M(T) to another type M(U). (U can be T, but is not necessarily). In my understanding, the language implementing monad should be type-checked statically. Otherwise, type errors cannot be found during compilation and "Complexity" is not controlled. Is my understanding correct?

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  • Objective-C Custom extend

    - by ryanjm.mp
    I have a couple classes that have nearly identical code. Only a string or two is different between them. What I would like to do is to make them from another class that defines those functions and then uses constants or something else to define those strings that are different. I'm not sure if "___" is inheritance or extending or what. That is what I need help with. For example: objectA.m: -(void)helloWorld { NSLog("Hello %@",child.name); } objectBob.m: #define name @"Bob" objectJoe.m #define name @"Joe" (I'm not sure if it's legal to define strings, but this gets the point across) It would be ideal if objectBob.m and objectJoe.m didn't have to even define the methods, just their relationship to objectA.m. Is there any way to do something like this? If all else fails I'll just make objectA.m: -(void)helloWorld:(NSString *name) { NSLog("Hello %@",name); } And have the other files call that function (and just #import objectA.m).

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  • Detect when mouse leaves my app

    - by user593747
    Hello I am creating an app in win32 that will display the x, y position(In screen coords) of the mouse whereever the mouse is (inside my app client/NC area & outside). I am at the stage where I want to detect when the mouse leaves my application completely. I have written a simple win32 app that should detect & notify myself when the mouse leaves my app, BUT its not working, I never receive the messages WM_MOUSELEAVE & WM_NCMOUSELEAVE. What do you think is wrong? Am I using the wrong win32 functions? // Track Mouse.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include <windows.h> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> static HINSTANCE gInstance; // Globals // enum MouseStatus { DEFAULT = 50001, LEFT_CLIENT, LEFT_NCLIENT }; static MouseStatus mouseState = DEFAULT; static COLORREF bkCol = RGB(0,255,255); // Functions List // BOOL TrackMouse( HWND hwnd ) { // Post: TRACKMOUSEEVENT mouseEvt; ZeroMemory( &mouseEvt, sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT) ); mouseEvt.cbSize = sizeof(TRACKMOUSEEVENT); mouseEvt.dwFlags = TME_LEAVE | TME_NONCLIENT; //mouseEvt.dwHoverTime = HOVER_DEFAULT; mouseEvt.hwndTrack = hwnd; return TrackMouseEvent( &mouseEvt ); } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch(msg) { case WM_CREATE: { // Track mouse so I can be notified when it leaves my application (Client & NC areas) BOOL trackSuccess = TrackMouse( hwnd ); // Returns successful, so I correctly track the mouse if ( trackSuccess == 0 ) { MessageBoxW( hwnd, L"Failed to track mouse", L"Error", MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION ); } else MessageBoxW( hwnd, L"Tracking mouse", L"Success", MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION ); } break; case WM_MOUSELEAVE: { // I never receive this message // Detect when the mouse leaves the client area mouseState = LEFT_CLIENT; bkCol = RGB(50,50,50); InvalidateRect( hwnd, NULL, true ); } break; case WM_NCMOUSELEAVE : { // I never receive this message // If the mouse has left the client area & then leaves the NC area then I know // that the mouse has left my app if ( mouseState == LEFT_CLIENT ) { mouseState = LEFT_NCLIENT; BOOL trackSuccess = TrackMouse( hwnd ); if ( trackSuccess == 0 ) { bkCol = RGB(255,255,0); MessageBoxW( hwnd, L"On WM_NCMOUSELEAVE: Failed to track mouse", L"Error", MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION ); } else MessageBoxW( hwnd, L"On WM_NCMOUSELEAVE: Tracking mouse", L"Success", MB_OK|MB_ICONEXCLAMATION ); InvalidateRect( hwnd, NULL, true ); } } break; case WM_ACTIVATE: case WM_MOUSEHOVER: { // The mouse is back in my app mouseState = DEFAULT; bkCol = RGB(0,255,255); InvalidateRect( hwnd, NULL, true ); } break; case WM_PAINT: { HDC hdc; PAINTSTRUCT ps; hdc = BeginPaint( hwnd, &ps ); SetBkColor( hdc, bkCol ); Rectangle( hdc, 10, 10, 200, 200 ); EndPaint( hwnd, &ps ); } break; case WM_CLOSE: DestroyWindow(hwnd); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: break; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE gInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { WNDCLASSEX wc; HWND hwnd; MSG Msg; wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = 0; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = gInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(DKGRAY_BRUSH); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = L"Custom Class"; wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); // if registration of main class fails if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBoxW(NULL, L"Window Registration Failed!", L"Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; } hwnd = CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Custom Class", L"App Name", WS_CAPTION|WS_MINIMIZEBOX|WS_VISIBLE|WS_OVERLAPPED|WS_SYSMENU, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 600, 500, NULL, NULL, gInstance, NULL); if(hwnd == NULL) { MessageBoxW(NULL, L"Window Creation Failed!", L"Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; } ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd); while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); } return Msg.wParam; }

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  • Caching result of setUp() using Python unittest

    - by dbr
    I currently have a unittest.TestCase that looks like.. class test_appletrailer(unittest.TestCase): def setup(self): self.all_trailers = Trailers(res = "720", verbose = True) def test_has_trailers(self): self.failUnless(len(self.all_trailers) > 1) # ..more tests.. This works fine, but the Trailers() call takes about 2 seconds to run.. Given that setUp() is called before each test is run, the tests now take almost 10 seconds to run (with only 3 test functions) What is the correct way of caching the self.all_trailers variable between tests? Removing the setUp function, and doing.. class test_appletrailer(unittest.TestCase): all_trailers = Trailers(res = "720", verbose = True) ..works, but then it claims "Ran 3 tests in 0.000s" which is incorrect.. The only other way I could think of is to have a cache_trailers global variable (which works correctly, but is rather horrible): cache_trailers = None class test_appletrailer(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): global cache_trailers if cache_trailers is None: cache_trailers = self.all_trailers = all_trailers = Trailers(res = "720", verbose = True) else: self.all_trailers = cache_trailers

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  • How to create a string array in matlab?

    - by aduric
    I would like to pass a vector of strings from C++ to matlab. I have tried using the functions available such as mxCreateCharMatrixFromStrings but it doesn't give me the correct behavior. So, I have something like this: void mexFunction( int nlhs, mxArray *plhs[], int nrhs, const mxArray *prhs[]) { vector<string> stringVector; stringVector.push_back("string 1"); stringVector.push_back("string 2"); //etc... The problem is how do I get this vector to the matlab environment? plhs[0] = ??? My goal is to be able to run: >> [strings] = MyFunc(...) >> strings(1) = 'string 1'

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  • Recursive compilation using gcc

    - by curiousexplorer
    I am using the gcc compiler. My project source tree looks like somewhat like this test$~: tree . . |-- folder | |-- hello.cpp | `-- hello.h `-- main.cpp 1 directory, 3 files test$~: The file main.cpp contains the main() function and all the functions invoked by main.cpp lie in the directory named folder So far in all my little projects I never had to put some source code under a sub-directory. What I am looking for, in short, is some gcc command for recursive compilation in sub-directories and their subdirectories and so on... This command should be invoked from the home directory of the code project.

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  • How to join table to itself and select max values in SQL

    - by Jakub Konop
    I have a contracts table: contractId date price partId 1 20120121 10 1 2 20110130 9 1 3 20130101 15 2 4 20110101 20 2 The contract with greatest date being the active contract (don't blame me, I blame infor for creating xpps) I need to create query to see only active contracts (one contract per part, the contract with highest date). So the result of the query should be like this: contractId date price partId 1 20120121 10 1 3 20130101 15 2 I am out of ideas here, I tried self joining the table, I tried aggregation functions, but I can't figure it out. If anyone would have any idea, please share them with me..

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  • Why my print current date time (C language) gives different answer

    - by vodkhang
    I want to get the current date (day, mon and year). I found out there are some functions in C to do that like ctime (get the string of time), localtime and gmtime. I tried with following code but the output are different. I get this output: The date and time is Tue Apr 20 2010 (which is correct) The year is : 110 The year is : 110. Does anybody know why? int main(int argc, char** argv) { time_t now; if((now = time(NULL)) == (time_t)-1) { puts("Failure in getting time"); } else { printf("The date and time is: %s\n", ctime(&now)); printf("The year is: %ld\n", localtime(&now)->tm_year); printf("The year is: %ld\n", gmtime(&now)->tm_year); } getchar(); }

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  • Getters and Setters: Code smell, Necessary Evil, or Can't Live Without Them [closed]

    - by Avery Payne
    Possible Duplicate: Allen Holub wrote “You should never use get/set functions”, is he correct? Is there a good, no, a very good reason, to go through all the trouble of using getters and setters for object-oriented languages? What's wrong with just using a direct reference to a property or method? Is there some kind of "semantical coverup" that people don't want to talk about in polite company? Was I just too tired and fell asleep when someone walked out and said "Thou Shalt Write Copious Amounts of Code to Obtain Getters and Setters"? Follow-up after a year: It seems to be a common occurrence with Java, less so with Python. I'm beginning to wonder if this is more of a cultural phenomena (related to the limitations of the language) rather than "sage advice". The -1 question score is complete for-the-lulz as far as I am concerned. It's interesting that there are specific questions that are downvoted, not because they are "bad questions", but rather, because they hit someone's raw nerve.

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  • How can I upload a file to a Sharepoint Document Library using Silverlight and client web-services?

    - by pclem12
    Most of the solutions I've come across for Sharepoint doc library uploads use the HTTP "PUT" method, but I'm having trouble finding a way to do this in Silverlight because it has restrictions on the HTTP Methods. I visited this http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd920295(VS.95).aspx to see how to allow PUT in my code, but I can't find how that helps you use an HTTP "PUT". I am using client web-services, so that limits some of the Sharepoint functions available. That leaves me with these questions: Can I do an http PUT in Silverlight? If I can't or there is another better way to upload a file, what is it? Thanks

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  • Setting the Cursor Position in a Win32 Console Application

    - by Jim Fell
    How can I set the cursor position in a Win32 Console application? Preferably, I would like to avoid making a handle and using the Windows Console Functions. (I spent all morning running down that dark alley; it creates more problems than it solves.) I seem to recall doing this relatively simply when I was in college using stdio, but I can't find any examples of how to do it now. Any thoughts or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Type patterns in Haskell

    - by finnsson
    I'm trying to compile a simple example of generic classes / type patterns (see http://www.haskell.org/ghc/docs/latest/html/users_guide/generic-classes.html) in Haskell but it won't compile. Any ideas about what's wrong with the code would be helpful. According to the documentation there should be a module Generics with the data types Unit, :*:, and :+: but ghc (6.12.1) complaints about Not in scope: data constructor 'Unit' etc. It seems like there's a package instant-generics with the data types :*:, :+: and U but when I import that module (instead of Generics) I get the error Illegal type pattern in the generic bindings {myPrint _ = ""} The complete source code is import Generics.Instant class MyPrint a where myPrint :: a -> String myPrint {| U |} _ = "" myPrint {| a :*: b |} (x :*: y) = "" (show x) ++ ":*:" ++ (show y) myPrint {| a :+: b |} _ = "" data Foo = Foo String instance MyPrint a => MyPrint a main = myPrint $ Foo "hi" and I compile it using ghc --make Foo.hs -fglasgow-exts -XGenerics -XUndecidableInstances P.S. The module Generics export no data types, only the functions: canDoGenerics mkGenericRhs mkTyConGenericBinds validGenericInstanceType validGenericMethodType

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  • Generating random numbers in C

    - by moonstruckhorrors
    While searching for Tutorials on generating random numbers in C I found This Topic When I try to use the rand() function with parameters, I always get the random number generated 0. When I try to use the rand() function with parameters, I always get the value 41. And whenever I try to use arc4random() and random() functions, I get a LNK2019 error. Here's what I'm doing: #include <stdlib.h> int main() { int x; x = rand(6); printf("%d", x); } This code always generate 41. Where am I going wrong?? P.S. : I'm running Windows XP SP3 and using VS2010 Command Prompt as compiler. P.P.S. : Took me 15 minutes to learn how to format properly.

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  • Why use event listeners over function calls?

    - by Organiccat
    I've been studying event listeners lately and I think I've finally gotten them down. Basically, they are functions that are called on another object's method. My question is, why create an event listener when calling the function will work just fine? Example, I want to call player.display_health(), and when this is fired, the method player.get_health() should be fired and stored so that display_health() has access to it. Why should I use an event listener over simply calling the function? Even if display_health() were in another object, this still doesn't appear to be a problem to me. If you have another example that fits the usage better, please let me know. Perhaps particular languages don't benefit from it as much? (Javascript, PHP, ASP?)

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  • Switching Javascript Function states

    - by webzide
    Dear experts, I would like to implement a API of Javascript that sort of resemble a light switch. For instance, there are two buttons on the actual HTML page act as the UI. Both of the buttons have event handlers that invokes a different function. Each function have codes that act like a state, for instance. button1.onclick=function (){ $("div").click( //code effects 2 ) } button2.onclick=function (){ $("div").click( //Code effects 2 ) } I the code works fine on the surface but the 2 state functions overlap. the effects is going to take place for the rest of the way until the next reload of the document. Basically what I want to achieve is that when 1 button is clicked, it will switch "OFF" the state of function invoked by the other button and vice versa. Thus, the effects achieved are unique are not overlapped. Is there anyway to achieve this or could any experts point me to the right direction. Thanks in advance.

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  • Issues rendering image in flash via Context.Response.Write C# asp.

    - by Justin
    I am having an issue rendering images in flash via a character array. I am sending it from a webhandler via Context.Response.Write as a Base64CharacterArray. It functions 100% properly in a windows environment, however when using a Mac the image data is not retrieved correctly causing the image to appear incorrectly. It does not affect the data,however as it is rendered properly in a player which accesses the data via a webservice. I am at the end of my rope on this one. Anything will help. You can find an example at the following url http://www.discoverirelandtoday.com/photoalbum/Public/Main.aspx Thanks

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  • Maintaining the query string in ASP.Net MVC

    - by Mantorok
    Hi all Just beginning my journey in ASP.Net MVC and I have a query about something before I dig myself in too deep. I have a table, which is paged, and I have 2 controls above the table: Dropdown that defines order of the results and apply button next to it Textbox that defines a filter and apply button next to it What I need to achieve is that if the user changes the order or adds a filter I fire of an AJAX call to my action like such: /Membership/Users?sort=value&filter=value&page=pagenumber. So my controller action is: // GET Membership/Users?sort=&filter=&page= public ActionResult Users(string sort, string filter, string page) So I have 3 questions: Is this the correct approach? What would be the best way to ensure that the query string is maintained, bearing in mind that the action will nearly always be called by Jquery/Ajax functions? If I wanted to link directly to this action passing the arguments would I need to hard-code the querystring? Thanks

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  • Facebook javascript in address bar, possible to replicate?

    - by DoMx
    This is my first experience with stackoverflow and I'm afraid my question asks of a lot for a first. I was looking at this thread: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2634159/javascrypt-in-the-adress-bar-is-this-malicious and as you will see SLaks has very kindly deobfuscated the javascript and left us with what appears as the Javascript behind the automatic facebook invite code. As I'm fairly new to javascript, I was wondering, what other components were needed to get this code to work? You of course have the functions there and they are called by the obfuscated javascript but how exactly? Would it be possible to replicate this on a page of my own using the information available or is there more to this script I am missing? I am willing to financially assist somebody who could compile a solution for me. Thank you in advance.

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  • Is it bad practice to use python's getattr extensively?

    - by Wilduck
    I'm creating a shell-like environment. My original method of handleing user input was to use a dictionary mapping commands (strings) to methods of various classes, making use of the fact that functions are first class objects in python. For flexibility's sake (mostly for parsing commands), I'm thinking of changing my setup such that I'm using getattr(command), to grab the method I need and then passing arguments to it at the end of my parser. Another advantage of this approach is not having to update my (currently statically implemented) command dictionary every time I add a new method/command. My question is, will I be taking a hit to the efficiency of my shell? Does it matter how many methods/commands I have? I'm currently looking at 30 some commands, which could eventually double.

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  • car and cdr in Scheme are driving me crazy ...

    - by kristian Roger
    Hi Im facing a problem with the car and cdr functions for example: first I defined a list called it x (define x (a (bc) d ( (ef) g ) )) so x now is equal to (a (bc) d ( (ef) g ) ) now for example I need to get the g from this list using only car and cdr (!! noshortcuts as caddr cddr !!) the correct answer is: (car(cdr(car(cdr(cdr(cdr x)))))) BUT how ? :-( I work according to the rules (the car gives the head of list and cdr gives the tail) and instead of getting the answer above I keep reaching wrong answers. Can any one help me in understanding this ... give me step or a way to solve it step by step Thanks in advance. I'm really sick of Scheme.

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  • Setting creation or change timestamps

    - by Thanatos
    Using utimes, futimes, futimens, etc., it is possible to set the access and modification timestamps on a file. Is there a function to set change timestamps? (I understand the cyclic nature of wanting to change the change timestamp, but think archiving software - it would be nice to restore a file exactly as it was.) Are there any functions at all for creation timestamps? (I realize that ext2 does not support this, but I was wondering if Linux did, for those filesystems that do support it.) If it's not possible, what is the reasoning behind it not being so?

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  • What does static linking against a library actually do?

    - by Salgar
    Say I had a library called libfoo which contained a class, a few static variables, possibly something with 'C' linkage, and a few other functions. Now I have a main program which looks like this: int main() { return 5+5; } When I compile and link this, I link against libfoo. Will this have any effect? Will my executable increase in size? If so, why? Do the static variables or their addresses get copied into my executable? Apologies if there is a similar question to this or if I'm being particularly stupid in any way.

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  • Webservice and ORM Framework?

    - by Sebastian
    Does anybody know a good web framework that includes an ORM mapper and allows straight forward implementation of web services? I'm looking for a framework written in PHP or C++. I'm looking for the following features (not all of them required, some will do nicely) data definition in one place used by database and web service WSDL generation XML output/JSON output boilerplate code generation So what I would like is a framework that let's me specify the objects, the web service functions on those objects and then generate everything that is required leaving me to fill the business logic (connecting the database to the web service). Anything like that out there? Background information for why I need this: I'm looking into creating a web project: the client is a rich web application that fetches all its data using AJAX. It will be completely custom made using only a low level javascript library. The server back end is supposed to serve static content and javascript (basically the rich web application) and to provide a RESTful web service API (which I would like to implement using aforementioned framework).

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  • Is there a language designed for code golf?

    - by J S
    I am not really a fan of code golf, but I have to wonder, is there an esoteric language designed for it? I mean a language with following properties: Common programs may be expressed in very short amount of characters It uses ASCII character set effectively (for example, common operators are not identifiers, so they don't have to be separated by whitespace, character usage is distributed more or less evenly because we cannot use Huffman coding and so on) Except the terse syntax, it should have very expressible and clean semantics (like, let's say, Python or Scheme); it shouldn't be difficult to program in It doesn't need features for large scale programs, such as OOP, but it definitely should allow custom functions and data structures It should have a large standard library, identifiers in this library should be as short as possible Maybe it should be called CG? Languages that can be a source of inspiration are Forth, APL and Joy.

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  • Group MySQL Data into Arbitrarily Sized Time Buckets

    - by Eric J.
    How do I count the number of records in a MySQL table based on a timestamp column per unit of time where the unit of time is arbitrary? Specifically, I want to count how many record's timestamps fell into 15 minute buckets during a given interval. I understand how to do this in buckets of 1 second, 1 minute, 1 hour, 1 day etc. using MySQL date functions, e.g. SELECT YEAR(datefield) Y, MONTH(datefield) M, DAY(datefield) D, COUNT(*) Cnt FROM mytable GROUP BY YEAR(datefield), MONTH(datefield), DAY(datefield) but how can I group by 15 minute buckets?

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