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• VMWare guest OS is not using full hard drive space

  - by syuusuke

  Hey everyone, I'm wondering if you can give me some insight on how to figure this out. I've recently virtualized a w2k3 server that had 10GB C:\ drive size. Once I finished virtualizing it, I expanded the disk to 20GB for C:\ and within guest OS (W2K3) computer management settings, you can see it recognizes as 20GB partition C:. But for some reason, if I opened windows explorer and see the properties of C:\, it will only show total size of 10GB. Does anyone know how to solve this or even had this problem before?

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• What are the mandatory Linux kernel modules to run inside of ESXi

  - by Marcin

  I'm used to rolling my own kernels for servers, as it nicely minimizes the number of exploits (and the resulting patches) to take care of. In a traditional (bare metal) world, the whole process is about knowing what you have (hardware), and what you need (Ethernet, IPv4, iptables, etc.) In a virtualized environment, some things stay the same (still need Ethernet and IPv4), some things go away (power management), and then there are some new needs (vxnet3, or vmware-tools, even though that's compiled outside of the kernel). So my question mostly concerns itself with the last two categories: what can I remove completely, and what new stuff do I want? For example, what IO scheduler do I want, if all my disk operations are going through another filesystem/scheduler/cache to get to the virtual disk? Do I need hyper-threading enabled, or is the VM going to show them to me anyway as a CPU anyway? Do I need Large Receive Offload turned on, or is that something that the hypervisor's network drivers are going to do for me?

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• Apache - The name

  - by Josh

  I am working on a migration to a newer virtualized server. The old one has Apache 2.2.4 according to the old servers phpinfo(). The new one with the most up to date has 2.2.3 . How can this be assuming no trickery is involved? The old one is years old. Alot of the guides I reference use apache2 in folders names and many of the conventions. The newest version of things, as I understand it is called httpd. Did apache change the name from what it originally was? (i.e. break the web server component into its own project called httpd, I realize the original daemon was probably still called httpd)

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• Chain Gateways on the LAN

  - by Black2night

  I installed m0n0wall in a virtualized environment, i have 10 PCs connected to a router ( 192.168.1.0/24) which connect them to the internet through PPPoE, the problem is that this router does not have a QoS so what i want to do is the following :- let all the PCs get their IP from the Router and the default gateway will be m0n0wall the moon wall will have 2 interface (Lan 192.168.1.20) and (Wan 192.168.1.21 and default gateway 192.168.1.1) now when any PC want to access the internet it should go through m0n0wall and then m0n0wall will forward the connection to the default gateway through the wan interface which is the PPPoE running on the router (192.168.1.1) the big question is this scenario possible or not and what do you suggest? Thanks

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• How can I set up VLANs in a way that won't put me at risk for VLAN hopping?

  - by hobodave

  We're planning to migrate our production network from a VLAN-less configuration to a tagged VLAN (802.1q) configuration. This diagram summarizes the planned configuration: One significant detail is that a large portion of these hosts will actually be VMs on a single bare-metal machine. In fact, the only physical machines will be DB01, DB02, the firewalls and the switches. All other machines will be virtualized on a single host. One concern that has been is that this approach is complicated (overcomplicated implied), and that the VLANs are only providing an illusion of security, because "VLAN hopping is easy". Is this a valid concern, given that multiple VLANs will be used for a single physical switch port due to virtualization? How would I setup my VLANs appropriately to prevent this risk? Also, I've heard that VMWare ESX has something called "virtual switches". Is this unique to the VMWare hypervisor? If not, is it available with KVM (my planned hypervisor of choice)?. How does that come into play?

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• FoxPro 2.6 DOS on Windows 7 64-bit

  - by Rolando

  I support a company that has a very old, mission critical, FoxPro for DOS 2.6 (FPD) application. For variuos reasons the company didn't adapt/migrate their app, which, ironically, has been running even better under Windows XP (and 32-bit Win7) because the OS allowed new features like more reliable networking, distributed printing, email integration. Unfortunately for this company, most new machines now come with a 64-bit version of Windows 7, which is incompatible with their FPD app. I know this time the writing is on the wall: the only long-term solution is to migrate their app. But I wonder if anyone can suggest a temporary alternative path, which doesn't involve either: downgrade 64-bit Windows to 32-bit, or run the app on a virtualized 32-bit XP

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• Best Guest OS for running freeswitch under Proxmox

  - by Frank Waller

  We have a lot of asterisk Systems running on dedicated machines and would like to use freeswitch to replace a number of them. One of the advantages of freeswitch is supposed to be that it is doing much better in a virtualized environment than asterisk is. However I can find very little information about people using it in Proxmox containers. I would like to know if anyone has seen any ready to run proxmox images that include freeswitch so we can test a number of things without having to deeply go into creating our own. Or at least a clue to which system images/distro images we can use to quickly get it installed not having to deal with too many dependency or different Linux version issues. Just to be clear: It should be for a more or less current Proxmox and current freeswitch. I am not looking forward to use the KVM mode but would consider it, if it is otherwise ready to run out of the box. I would rather use a real OpenVZ based container. Thanks for anyone helping!

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• Routing application traffic through specific interface

  - by UnicornsAndRainbows

  Hello All! First question here, so please go easy: I have a debian linux 5.0 server with two public interfaces. I would like to route outbound traffic from one instance of an application via one interface and the second instance through the second interface. There are some challenges: both instances of the application use the same protocol both instances of the application can access the entire internet (can't route based on dest network) I can't change the code of the application I don't think a typical approach to load balancing all traffic is going to work well, because there are relatively few destination servers being accessed in the outbound traffic, and all traffic would really need to be distributed pretty evenly across these relatively few servers. I could probably run two virtualized servers on the box and bind each of them to a different external ip, but I'm looking for a simpler solution, maybe using iproute or iptables? Any ideas for me? Thanks in advance - and I'm happy to answer any questions.

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• Can a virtual mikrotik box bridge a hyper-v internal network with a hyper-v external network?

  - by mcfrosty

  I am trying to set up a Mikrotik router as a transparent firewall on my network. I got the machine working on a hardware MT box, but my boss wants the MT virtualized. I have been trying the set up where my virtual windows box talks to the Mikrotik via private or internal network on the Hyper-V host. I can get the two machines to talk, but as soon as I set up a bridge on the MT, all traffic ceases between the two. Is it possible to create a bridge for this purpose (having the MT silently in front of my firewalled server)? I could really use some help.

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• Server suddenly running out of entropy

  - by Creshal

  Since a reboot yesterday, one of our virtual servers (Debian Lenny, virtualized with Xen) is constantly running out of entropy, leading to timeouts etc. when trying to connect over SSH / TLS-enabled protocols. Is there any way to check which process(es) is(/are) eating up all the entropy? Edit: What I tried: Adding additional entropy sources: time_entropyd, rng-tools feeding urandom back into random, pseudorandom file accesses – netted about 1 MiB additional entropy per second, problems still persisted Checking for unusual activity via lsof, netstat and tcpdump – nothing. No noticeable load or anything Stopping daemons, restarting permanent sessions, rebooting the entire VM – no change in behaviour What in the end worked: Waiting. Since about yesterday noon, there are no connection problems anymore. Entropy is still somewhat low (128 Bytes peak), but TLS/SSH sessions have no noticeable delay anymore. I'm slowly switching our clients back to TLS (all five of them!), but I don't expect any change in behavior now.

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• Apache - The name

  - by Joshua Enfield

  I am working on a migration to a newer virtualized server. The old one has Apache 2.2.4 according to the old servers phpinfo(). The new one with the most up to date has 2.2.3. How can this be assuming no trickery is involved? The old one is years old. A lot of the guides I reference use apache2 in folders names and many of the conventions. The newest version of things, as I understand it is called httpd. Did apache change the name from what it originally was? (i.e. break the web server component into its own project called httpd, I realize the original daemon was probably still called httpd)

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• What version of Windows Server 2008 to Get

  - by dragonmantank

  One of the projects I'm working on is looking like we're going to need to migrate from CentOS 5.4 over to something else (we need to run Postgresql 8.3+, and CentOS/RHEL only support 8.1), and one of the options will be Windows Server. Since 2008 R2 is out that's what I'm looking at. I'll need to run Postgres and Tomcat and don't really require anything that Windows has like IIS (if I can run Server Core, even better!). The other kicker is it will be virtualized through VMWare ESXI 4.0 so that we have three separate boxes: development, Quality, and Production servers. From a licensing standpoint though, and I good enough with just the Web Server edition? Am I right in assuming that will be three licenses? Or should I just jump up to Enterprise so that I get 4 VM licenses?

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• Virtualizing Firewalls/UTM

  - by TheD

  So Sophos UTM (Astaro Gateway UTM) can be virtualized in Hyper-V, VMWare, vSphere etc. Now I'm new to virtualization, so am wondering how the networking would be configured in this situation. Imagine the following (a very simple setup). A Zyxel router acting as the default gateway, standard ADSL line. This is connected directly via Ethernet to my VHost, Hyper-V in my case. Now I assume I need two virtual network adapters, one which is the "External" interface to the firewall, and the other being the "Internal" interface. But where does my switch go, since I have 5 machines (or X number of machines). Where is the switch connected, to the internal interface on the VHost? What default gateway do my clients use etc? How would the routing work if these two interfaces weren't bridged since they are virtual networks anyway. I'm a little confused! Any advice is much appreciated! Cheers

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• df says disk is full, but it is not

  - by Chris

  On a virtualized server running Ubuntu 10.04, df reports the following: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 7.4G 7.0G 0 100% / none 498M 160K 498M 1% /dev none 500M 0 500M 0% /dev/shm none 500M 92K 500M 1% /var/run none 500M 0 500M 0% /var/lock none 500M 0 500M 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/sda3 917G 305G 566G 36% /home This is puzzling me for two reasons: 1.) df says that /dev/sda1, mounted at /, has a 7.4 gigabyte capacity, of which only 7.0 gigabytes are in use, yet it reports / being 100 percent full; and 2.) I can create files on / so it clearly does have space left. Possibly relevant is that the directory /www is a symbolic link to /home/www, which is on a different partition (/dev/sda3, mounted at /home). Can anyone offer suggestions on what might be going on here? The server appears to be working without issue, but I want to make sure there's not a problem with the partition table, file systems or something else which might result in implosion (or explosion) later.

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• Is it effective installing firewall within same machine which offering service?

  - by Eonil

  I'm a starting a small service practically. And I have single server currently. No money to purchase separated/dedicated firewall equipment now. Is it effective installing firewall software on same machine which offering internet service? My server will offer HTTP, NFS, and SSH, and custom made server software on a several ports. (edit) All services (except NFS) should be open to internet. Not internal services. I guess my machine (virtualized within Xen) is connected to the internet directly because I can connect to my machine SSH with only IP address. (edit) NFS is not open to internet. Sorry for my mistake. NFS will be served via SSH only.

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• Is paravirtualization evil?

  - by Daniel

  I have an VMWare ESX Server v3.5 with a few virtualized Debian Lenny VMs (kernel 2.6.22 with vmi) running Apache Tomcat 5.5. I enabled paravirtualization, and Disk IO increased from about 240MB/s to 380MB/s, making me a happy admin. The problem now is that my apache tomcat becomes deadlocked during startup, running with 200% CPU (I have 2 CPUS assigned to the VM), and don't know how to get both: A stable system and a fast system. I somewhere heared that paravirtualization is legacy anyway and won't be available on newer ESX servers. Is there a replacement for this seemingly performance-improving option, or is it discontinued becauses it is just unstable? What is the state of paravirtualization? Should I ignore it completely? Thanks for all answers in advance.

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• Which server requirment for a Redmine, Git and website hosting?

  - by Ephismen

  Me and 9 other students are going to start a project that will last a minimum of 2 years, for this purpose we are looking to host all our work on a server. Here are a few tools we would like to work with: Redmine GIT Hosting a website/blog to show our work Hosting an internal and private development website/blog We haven't decided yet which OS we will install, but we were looking toward Ubuntu or Fedora. Having a limited budget, 300$/year, we would like to have some advices on the following dedicated server specifications: Kimsufi 2G: Hardware: Intel Celeron/Atom, 1.20 Ghz, 64 bits, 2Gb DDR2, HDD 1 To, Backup FTP 100Gb Network: Connection 100 Mbps, Illimited trafic Dedibox SC: Hardware: Dell Nano U2250, 1x 1,6GHz, 64 bits, 2Gb DDR2, HDD 160 Gb Network: Connection 1Gbit/sec, Illimited trafic Will these server be sufficient? Should we host the websites on another platform? Would a virtualized server be more appropriate? Thank you for your answers, Ephismen.

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• How (much) is virtualization used today?

  - by BLAKE

  I know that where I have worked, I have pushed alot for virtualizing our servers. I think that it is much easier to implement and maintain than physical servers. I have been using Microsoft's Virtual Server 2005 R2 since it was released. Right now at my workplace we have 12 VMHosts that hold about 55 VMs. We have 6 other servers that we have been unable to convert to VMs. I want to know how other people in our field view virtualization. I know that I have had developers dislike the notion of VMs claiming major performance hits. What do other Sys Admins think about virtualized servers?

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• Small footprint on a Laptop

  - by sqldebacle

  I am trying to find a solution where I can do the following: 1) Run a small footprint on my laptop 2) Run virtual instances of OS w/ no primary OS installed. All the OS that I will ever use will be all virtualized. I tried playing around with the VMware Esxi, and got it to boot it from the flash drive, etc. But this just runs the server. I cannot actually run my virtual instances from there. Anyone has done this? Something similar implemented with VMWare products without needing 2 computers will be great. Thanks, -Subhash

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• SSD on Vmware ESXI 4 (TRIM? Good Idea?)

  - by nextgenneo

  Hi, I just posted about finding bottle necks and have narrowed it down to having way too many VMs on my machine on one 15K SAS drive. I have plenty of cores and plenty of ram. So I am planning on putting 6 VMs on one drive (so 5 drives for 30 VMs). I am thinking of using a 60GB Vertex 2 SSD. Each of my VMs will only need about 6GB of HDD space so this isn't a big deal. My questions are: does ESXI support Trim and do I really need it if I leave 25% of the drive as free space? If I need it should I get a diff drive that handles garbage collection differently? I have a RAID controller w/ write caching. I will still benefit from this? Will this effect my setup differently? Is there anything I need to consider regarding SSD's in virtualized environments. Thanks for any and all help!

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• Disable IPv6 on Debian VPS

  - by chris_l

  I have a Debian Lenny VPS, that's running virtualized by Parallels/Virtuozzo. Currently, the network interface doesn't have an IPv6 address - and that's good, because I don't have an ip6tables configuration. But I assume, that I could wake up one day, and ifconfig will show me an ipv6 address for the interface - because I have no control over the kernel or its modules - they're under the control of the hosting company. That would leave the server completely vulnerable to attacks from IPv6 addresses. What would be the best way to disable IPv6 (for the interface or maybe for the entire host)? Usually I would simply disable the kernel module, but that's not possible in this case.

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• Is it a good idea to take onsite/offsite backups of server images?

  - by ServerAdminGuy45

  Assuming a non-virtualized environment it a good idea to take actual images of servers (using something like Acronis True Image) and store them on\off site? Backing up data is great but I feel it would be good to have copies of OS images in the event hardware dies or an upgrade gets botched I can always revert back. What would be your recommended way to do this (preferably using a NAS and an online backup service)? I was talking with the Iron Mountain folks and the service they described is more geared toward taking incremental snapshots of data. I'm not sure if there's a way to backup images in an incremental way such that only the changes between them are saved (that way I'm not wasting X GB each time I take an image).

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• Copying large Windows directory structure to new server with permissions intact

  - by Chris

  I'm soon going to be doing a large migration of an old-school web server that serves mostly ASP pages (currently on a Windows 2003 server) to a newer, virtualized Windows 2008 server. This new server is going to be in a different domain, as well. So I'm copying the root web folder, and all its subfolders and files, to this new server. I'd like to keep permissions intact. It's also pretty massive - I'd like to be able to compress it before transferring to the new server with permissions intact. Any way to do that? And will the new server being in a different AD domain screw with my plans?

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• Booting a native Windows install in Virtualbox: is it possible?

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  I am looking for something similiar to Bootcamp. Currently, I run Ubuntu Maveric as my primary operating system and run Windows 7 in Virtualbox. For some tasks, however, running Windows virtualized just seems to result in too much overhead and speed loss, and I'd like to be able to boot natively. The ideal situation would be to setup Windows and Ubuntu in dual boot on seperate partitions, with the ability to boot the Windows partition in Virtualbox on Ubuntu as well. Is this possible? Also, how it is that Bootcamp seems to be the only system capable of this?

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• Hyper-v dynamic memory client machines always use maximum memory

  - by Eric P

  When I create a virtual machine in Hyper-V and set it up to use dynamic memory, the virtual machine will always use the maximum memory within the virtualized OS. Hyper-V will show the assigned memory at 514mb, but when I log into the server and pull up task manager, it will show 90% memory used. When I bump the maximum memory up to 4gb, I get the same result: 90% memory usage. Nothing is even running on the virtual machine other than a clean instal of Windows Server 2008 R2. I have also tried it with Windows 7 with the same results. Is this the expected behavior or is something setup wrong

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