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  • How to properly assign a value to the member of a struct that has a class data type?

    - by sasayins
    Hi, Please kindly see below for the codes. Its compiling successfully but the expected result is not working. Im very confused because my initialization of the array is valid, //cbar.h class CBar { public: class CFoo { public: CFoo( int v ) : m_val = v {} int GetVal() { return m_val; } private: int m_val; }; public: static const CFoo foo1; static const CFoo foo2; public: CBar( CFoo foo ) m_barval( foo.GetVal() ){} int GetFooVal() { return m_barval; } private: int m_barval; }; //cbar.cpp const CBar::CFoo foo1 = CBar::CFoo(2); const CBar::CFoo foo2 = CBar::CFoo(3); //main.cpp struct St { CBar::CFoo foo; }; St st[] = { CBar::foo1, CBar::foo2 }; for( int i=0; i<sizeof(st)/sizeof(St); i++ ) { CBar cbar( st[i].foo ); std::cout << cbar.GetFooVal() << std::endl; } But then when I change the St::foo to a pointer. And like assign the address of CBar::foo1 or CBar::foo2, its working, like this, //main.cpp struct St { const CBar::CFoo *foo; }; St st[] = { &CBar::foo1, &CBar::foo2 }; for( int i=0; i<sizeof(st)/sizeof(St); i++ ) { CBar cbar( *st[i].foo ); std::cout << cbar.GetFooVal() << std::endl; } The real problem is. The app should output 2 3 Please advice. Many thanks.

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  • What's the deal with the hidden Throw when catching a ThreadAbortException?

    - by priehl
    I'm going through a book of general c# development, and I've come to the thread abort section. The book says something along the lines that when you call Thread.Abort() on another thread, that thread will throw a ThreadAbortException, and even if you tried to supress it it would automatically rethrow it, unless you did some bs that's generally frowned upon. Here's the simple example offered. using System; using System.Threading; public class EntryPoint { private static void ThreadFunc() { ulong counter = 0; while (true) { try { Console.WriteLine("{0}", counter++); } catch (ThreadAbortException) { // Attempt to swallow the exception and continue. Console.WriteLine("Abort!"); } } } static void Main() { try { Thread newThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(EntryPoint.ThreadFunc)); newThread.Start(); Thread.Sleep(2000); // Abort the thread. newThread.Abort(); // Wait for thread to finish. newThread.Join(); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.ToString()); } } } The book says: When your thread finishes processing the abort exception, the runtime implicitly rethrows it at the end of your exception handler. It’s the same as if you had rethrown the exception yourself. Therefore, any outer exception handlers or finally blocks will still execute normally. In the example, the call to Join won’t be waiting forever as initially expected. So i wrapped a try catch around the Thread.Abort() call and set a break point, expecting it to hit this, considering the text says "any outer exception handlers or finally blocks will still execute normally". BUT IT DOES NOT. I'm racking my brain to figure out why. Anyone have any thoughts on why this isn't the case? Is the book wrong? Thanks in advance.

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  • What was your "aha moment" in understanding delegates?

    - by CM90
    Considering the use of delegates in C#, does anyone know if there is a performance advantage or if it is a convenience to the programmer? If we are creating an object that holds a method, it sounds as if that object would be a constant in memory to be called on, instead of loading the method every time it is called. For example, if we look at the following Unity3D-based code: public delegate H MixedTypeDelegate<G, H>(G g) public class MainParent : MonoBehaviour // Most Unity classes inherit from M.B. { public static Vector3 getPosition(GameObject g) { /* GameObject is a Unity class, and Vector3 is a struct from M.B. The "position" component of a GameObject is a Vector3. This method takes the GameObject I pass to it & returns its position. */ return g.transform.position; } public static MixedTypeDelegate<GameObject, Vector3> PositionOf; void Awake( ) // Awake is the first method called in Unity, always. { PositionOf = MixedTypeDelegate<GameObject, Vector3>(getPosition); } } public class GameScript : MainParent { GameObject g = new GameObject( ); Vector3 whereAmI; void Update( ) { // Now I can say: whereAmI = PositionOf(g); // Instead of: whereAmI = getPosition(g); } } . . . But that seems like an extra step - unless there's that extra little thing that it helps. I suppose the most succinct way to ask a second question would be to say: When you had your aha moment in understanding delegates, what was the context/scenario/source? Thank you!

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  • adding elements in to the doubly linked list

    - by user329820
    Hi this is my code for main class and doubly linked class and node class but when I run the program ,in the concole will show this"datastructureproject.DoublyLinkedList@19ee1ac" instead of the random numbers .please help me thanks! main class: public class Main { public static int getRandomNumber(double min, double max) { Random random = new Random(); return (int) (random.nextDouble() * (max - min) + min); } public static void main(String[] args) { int j; int i = 0; i = getRandomNumber(10, 10000); DoublyLinkedList listOne = new DoublyLinkedList(); for (j = 0; j <= i / 2; j++) { listOne.add(getRandomNumber(10, 10000)); } System.out.println(listOne); } } doubly linked list class: public class DoublyLinkedList { private Node head ; private Node tail; private long size = 0; public DoublyLinkedList() { head= new Node(0, null, null); tail = new Node(0, head, null); } public void add(int i){ head.setValue(i); Node newNode = new Node(); head.setNext(newNode); newNode.setPrev(head); newNode = head; } } and the node class is like the class that you have seen before (Node prev,Node next,int value)

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  • Problem Binding to a Brush Property in WPF

    - by Krisc
    Working in WPF, writing a custom user control. I am trying to change the background property of the Border element when I change the value of a property of the class. Right now I am working on simply binding it to a DP, though if there is a better way I am open to suggestions. Here is the XAML for the UserControl <UserControl x:Class="MyProject.MyControl" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:js="clr-namespace:MyProject" mc:Ignorable="d" x:Name="MyControlRootLayout" Background="Transparent" d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300" Cursor="Hand"> <Border x:Name="RootBorder" Background="{Binding Path=CoreBackground, ElementName=MyControlRootLayout}" > </Border> </UserControl> And the code... public partial class MyControl : UserControl { public static DependencyProperty IsSelectedProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("IsSelected", typeof(bool), typeof(MyControl)); public static DependencyProperty CoreBackgroundProperty = DependencyProperty.Register("CoreBackground", typeof(Brush), typeof(MyControl)); public MyControl() { CoreBackground = new SolidColorBrush(Color.FromArgb(0, 255, 245, 104)); InitializeComponent(); Margin = new Thickness(5); } public Brush CoreBackground { get { return (Brush)GetValue(CoreBackgroundProperty); } set { SetValue(CoreBackgroundProperty, value); } } public bool IsSelected { get { return (bool)GetValue(IsSelectedProperty); } private set { SetValue(IsSelectedProperty, value); } } } Instead, the background comes out as transparent.

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  • Cloning ID3DXMesh with declration that has 12 floats breaks?

    - by meds
    I have the following vertex declration: struct MESHVERTInstanced { float x, y, z; // Position float nx, ny, nz; // Normal float tu, tv; // Texcoord float idx; // index of the vertex! float tanx, tany, tanz; // The tangent const static D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 Decl[6]; static IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9* meshvertinstdecl; }; And I declare it as such: const D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 MESHVERTInstanced::Decl[] = { { 0, 0, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_POSITION, 0 }, { 0, 12, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_NORMAL, 0 }, { 0, 24, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT2, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 0 }, { 0, 32, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT1, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD, 1 }, { 0, 36, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TANGENT, 0 }, D3DDECL_END() }; What I try to do next is copy an ID3DXMesh into another one with the new vertex declaration as such: model->CloneMesh( model->GetOptions(), MESHVERTInstanced::Decl, gd3dDevice, &pTempMesh ); When I try to get the FVF size of pTempMesh (D3DXGetFVFVertexSize(pTempMesh-GetFVF())) I get '0' though the size should be 48. The whole thing is fine if I don't have the last declaration, '{ 0, 36, D3DDECLTYPE_FLOAT3, D3DDECLMETHOD_DEFAULT, D3DDECLUSAGE_TANGENT, 0 },' in it and the CloneMesh function does not return a FAIL. I've also tried using different declarations such as D3DDECLUSAGE_TEXCOORD and that has worked fine, returning a size of 48. Is there something specific about D3DDECLUSAGE_TANGENT I don't know? I'm at a complete loss as to why this isn't working...

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  • Refactoring. Your way to reduce code complexity of big class with big methods

    - by Andrew Florko
    I have a legacy class that is rahter complex to maintain: class OldClass { method1(arg1, arg2) { ... 200 lines of code ... } method2(arg1) { ... 200 lines of code ... } ... method20(arg1, arg2, arg3) { ... 200 lines of code ... } } methods are huge, unstructured and repetitive (developer loved copy/paste aprroach). I want to split each method into 3-5 small functions, whith one pulic method and several helpers. What will you suggest? Several ideas come to my mind: Add several private helper methods to each method and join them in #region (straight-forward refactoring) Use Command pattern (one command class per OldClass method in a separate file). Create helper static class per method with one public method & several private helper methods. OldClass methods delegate implementation to appropriate static class (very similiar to commands). ? Thank you in advance!

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  • loop is cut one element of the array

    - by Walaa
    The problem is : Write a program that reads a number n and then declares an array of n elements. The program then fills the array with the first n numbers, where each number is two to the power of the previous. Finally, display array’s contents. My code : import java.util.*; public class Q1 { static Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in); public static void main(String args [] ) { int num; int i = 0; System.out.println("Enter a number :"); num = scan.nextInt(); double [] a=new double[num]; a[0]= num ; for ( ;i<=a.length-1 ; i++) { a[i+1] = Math.pow(2,a[i]); System.out.println((int)(a[i]) ); } } } The error is : ----jGRASP exec: java Q1 Enter a number : 4 4 16 65536 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 4 at Q1.main(Q1.java:16) ----jGRASP wedge2: exit code for process is 1. why it says that? And the number by user printed twice!

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  • C#: Passing data to forms UI using BeginInvoke

    - by Bi
    Hi I am a C# newbie and have a class that needs to pass row information to a grid in the windows form. What is the best way to do it? I have put in some example code for better understanding. Thanks. public class GUIController { private My_Main myWindow; public GUIController( My_Main window ) { myWindow = window; } public void UpdateProducts( List<myProduct> newList ) { object[] row = new object[3]; foreach (myProduct product in newList) { row[0] = product.Name; row[1] = product.Status; row[2] = product.Day; //HOW DO I USE BeginInvoke HERE? } } } And the form class below: public class My_Main : Form { //HOW DO I GO ABOUT USING THIS DELEGATE? public delegate void ProductDelegate( string[] row ); public static My_Main theWindow = null; static void Main( ) { Application.EnableVisualStyles(); Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); theWindow = new My_Main(); Application.Run(theWindow); } private void My_Main_Load( object sender, EventArgs e ) { /// Create GUIController and pass the window object gui = new GUIController( this ); } public void PopulateGrid( string[] row ) { ProductsGrid.Rows.Add(row); ProductsGrid.Update(); } } Thanks!

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  • How to check if a child-object is populated

    - by TheQ
    How can i check if a child-object of a linq-object is populated or not? Example code below. My model have two methods, one joins data, and the other does not: public static Member GetMemberWithPhoto(Guid memberId) { using (DataContext db = new DataContext()) { DataLoadOptions dataLoadOptions = new DataLoadOptions(); dataLoadOptions.LoadWith<Member>(x => x.UserPhoto); db.LoadOptions = dataLoadOptions; var query = from x in db.Members where x.MemberId == memberId select x; return query.FirstOrDefault(); } } public static Member GetMember(Guid memberId) { using (DataContext db = new DataContext()) { var query = from x in db.Members where x.MemberId == memberId select x; return query.FirstOrDefault(); } } Then my control have the following code: Member member1 = Member.GetMemberWithPhoto(memberId); Member member2 = Member.GetMember(memberId); Debug.WriteLine(member1.UserPhoto.ToString()); Debug.WriteLine(member2.UserPhoto.ToString()); The last line will generate a "Cannot access a disposed object" exception. I know that i can get rid of that exception just by not disposing the datacontext, but then the last line will generate a new query to the database, and i don't want that. What i would like is something like: Debug.WriteLine((member1.UserPhoto.IsPopulated()) ? member1.UserPhoto.ToString() : "none"); Debug.WriteLine((member2.UserPhoto.IsPopulated()) ? member2.UserPhoto.ToString() : "none"); Is it possible?

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  • MidiSystem.getSequencer() returns Audio Device Unavailable

    - by ksemeks
    I've keep having an exception thrown, on and on. When i try to make a new Sequencer object, i keep getting the javax.sound.midi.MidiUnavailableException: Audio Device Unavailable exception. So, here's the code: import javax.sound.midi.*; public class MiniMusicPlayer1 { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Sequencer sequencer = MidiSystem.getSequencer(); sequencer.open(); Sequence seq = new Sequence(Sequence.PPQ, 4); Track track = seq.createTrack(); for (int i = 5; i < 61; i += 4) { track.add(makeEvent(144, 1, i, 100, i)); track.add(makeEvent(128, 1, i, 100, (i+2))); } sequencer.setSequence(seq); sequencer.setTempoInBPM(220); sequencer.start(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static MidiEvent makeEvent(int comd, int chan, int one, int two, int tick) { MidiEvent event = null; try { ShortMessage a = new ShortMessage(); a.setMessage(comd, chan, one, two); event = new MidiEvent(a, tick); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return event; } } And here's the complete error (at compile): javax.sound.midi.MidiUnavailableException: Audio Device Unavailable at com.sun.media.sound.MixerSynth.implOpen(MixerSynth.java:165) at com.sun.media.sound.AbstractMidiDevice.doOpen(AbstractMidiDevice.java:144) at com.sun.media.sound.AbstractMidiDevice.openInternal(AbstractMidiDevice.java:134) at com.sun.media.sound.AbstractMidiDevice.getReceiverReferenceCounting(AbstractMidiDevice.java:339) at javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem.getReceiver(MidiSystem.java:243) at javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem.getSequencer(MidiSystem.java:442) at javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem.getSequencer(MidiSystem.java:348) at MiniMusicPlayer1.main(MiniMusicPlayer1.java:9) First i was unable to play MIDI files on my pc, but then i got it to work, so now i can play MIDI files, that's okay. I tried even to close every process which uses my sound card, but the error is still there. Anyone can help me?

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  • How do I handle freeing unmanaged structures on application close?

    - by LostKaleb
    I have a C# project in which i use several unmanaged C++ functions. More so, I also have static IntPtr that I use as parameters for those functions. I know that whenever I use them, I should implement IDisposable in that class and use a destructor to invoke the Dispose method, where I free the used IntPtr, as is said in the MSDN page. public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } private void Dispose(bool disposing) { // Check to see if Dispose has already been called. if (!this.disposed) { if (disposing) { component.Dispose(); } CloseHandle(m_InstanceHandle); m_InstanceHandle = IntPtr.Zero; disposed = true; } } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")] private extern static Boolean CloseHandle(IntPtr handle); However, when I terminate the application, I'm still left with a hanging process in TaskManager. I believe that it must be related to the used of the MarshalAs instruction in my structures: [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public struct SipxAudioCodec { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=32)] public string CodecName; public SipxAudioBandwidth Bandwidth; public int PayloadType; } When I create such a structure should I also be careful to free the space it allocs using a destructor? [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public struct SipxAudioCodec { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst=32)] public string CodecName; public SipxAudioBandwidth Bandwidth; public int PayloadType; ~SipxAudioCodec() { Marshal.FreeGlobal(something...); } }

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  • Java Detect Variable Change Using PropertyChangeSupport and PropertyChangeListener

    - by Sam
    I'm trying to print out debug statements when some third party code changes a variable. For example, consider the following: public final class MysteryClass { private int secretCounter; public synchronized int getCounter() { return secretCounter; } public synchronized void incrementCounter() { secretCounter++; } } public class MyClass { public static void main(String[] args) { MysteryClass mysteryClass = new MysteryClass(); // add code here to detect calls to incrementCounter and print a debug message } I don't have the ability to change the 3rd party MysteryClass, so I thought that I could use PropertyChangeSupport and PropertyChangeListener to detect changes to the secretCounter: public class MyClass implements PropertyChangeListener { private PropertyChangeSupport propertySupport = new PropertyChangeSupport(this); public MyClass() { propertySupport.addPropertyChangeListener(this); } public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) { System.out.println("property changing: " + evt.getPropertyName()); } public static void main(String[] args) { MysteryClass mysteryClass = new MysteryClass(); // do logic which involves increment and getting the value of MysteryClass } } Unfortunately, this did not work and I have no debug messages printed out. Does anyone see what is wrong with my implementation of the PropertyChangeSupport and Listener interfaces? I want to print a debug statement whenever incrementCounter is called or the value of secretCounter changes.

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  • How to avoid concurrent execution of a time-consuming task without blocking?

    - by Diego V
    I want to efficiently avoid concurrent execution of a time-consuming task in a heavily multi-threaded environment without making threads wait for a lock when another thread is already running the task. Instead, in that scenario, I want them to gracefully fail (i.e. skip its attempt to execute the task) as fast as possible. To illustrate the idea considerer this unsafe (has race condition!) code: private static boolean running = false; public void launchExpensiveTask() { if (running) return; // Do nothing running = true; try { runExpensiveTask(); } finally { running = false; } } I though about using a variation of Double-Checked Locking (consider that running is a primitive 32-bit field, hence atomic, it could work fine even for Java below 5 without the need of volatile). It could look like this: private static boolean running = false; public void launchExpensiveTask() { if (running) return; // Do nothing synchronized (ThisClass.class) { if (running) return; running = true; try { runExpensiveTask(); } finally { running = false; } } } Maybe I should also use a local copy of the field as well (not sure now, please tell me). But then I realized that anyway I will end with an inner synchronization block, that still could hold a thread with the right timing at monitor entrance until the original executor leaves the critical section (I know the odds usually are minimal but in this case we are thinking in several threads competing for this long-running resource). So, could you think in a better approach?

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  • Retrieve POST data without knowing exact number of fields

    - by James
    Hi all! I'm creating an online poll from scratch which will be held in a database. I'm working on getting a system set up so someone can create a new poll. I will be having the user fill out a simple HTML form with the Questions and Answers (there may be several answers). The user will be able to add multiple questions and multiple answers for each question. As the total number of questions and answers will be decided by the user, I need to create some clever PHP to cater for this - however many there are. When dealing with a static number of questions, it's simple. But I'm having trouble thinking of a way to get all the POST data into individual PHP variables so I can process them. I was thinking of using a foreach loop, anyone got any ideas? Sorry for the long winded description! If anyone needs anything clarified, I'd be happy to do so. My problem is that I can't get my head around how to deal with the POST values when I don't know exactly which element of the array will contain what. If things were static with a set number of questions and answers, I'd know $_POST[0] was Question1, etc Thank you! =)

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  • Question about singleton property

    - by Jack
    I'm reading the java tutorial for enums located here and have a question: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/language/enums.html#Card The part i'm confused about is as follows: "The Card class, above, contains a static factory that returns a deck, but there is no way to get an individual card from its rank and suit. Merely exposing the constructor would destroy the singleton property (that only a single instance of each card is allowed to exist). Here is how to write a static factory that preserves the singleton property, using a nested EnumMap: " Now as I understand, changing the original private "Card" constructor to public would allow us to instantiate an unlimited number of copies of a "Card" object with a given suit+rank. The solution as proposed was to create an EnumMap which would store four Maps (one for each suit), which themselves contained 13 Card objects with the rank as their keys. And so now if you wanted to retrieve a specific Card object from the deck, you would just call the "valueOf" method. My question now is, what's the prevent you with calling the valueOf method as many times as you like? Wouldn't that lead to the same problem as making the original private constructor public? Thanks.

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  • Mono Develop 2.4.1 + linq error.

    - by Nev_Rahd
    I just started to learn Mono Develop Installed Mono Develop 2.4.1 and trial version of Mono Touch. my Code: using System; using System.Xml.Linq; using System.Collections.Generic; namespace RSSReader { public static class RSSRepository { public static IList<FeedItem> GetFeeds(string url) { XDocument rssFeed = XDocument.Load(url); Console.Write(rssFeed.ToString()); var feeds = new List<FeedItem>(); try { var query = from item in rssFeed.Descendants("item") select new FeedItem { Title = item.Element("title").Value, Published = DateTime.Parse(item.Element("pubDate").Value), Url = item.Element("link").Value }; feeds = query.ToList(); } catch (Exception ex){ Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } return feeds; } } } This is throwing an error: An implementation of 'select' query expression pattern could not be found. Are you missing 'System.linq' using directive or 'System.Core.dll' assembly reference? I got both references to System.Xml.Linq and System.Core What am i missing ?

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  • Is it a good practice for a .js file to rely on variables declared in the including html

    - by Bozho
    In short: <script type="text/javascript"> var root = '${config.root}'; var userLanguage = '${config.language}'; var userTimezone = '${config.timezone}'; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/scripts.js"></script> And then, in scripts.js, rely on these variables: if (userLanguage == 'en') { .. } The ${..} is simply a placeholder for a value in the script that generates the page. It can be php, jsp, asp, whatever. The point is - it is dynamic, and hence it can't be part of the .js file (which is static). So, is it OK for the static javascript file to rely on these externally defined configuration variables? (they are mainly configuration, of course). Or is it preferred to make the .js file be served dynamically as well (i.e. make it a .php / .jsp, with the proper Content-Type), and have these values defined in there.

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  • Controlling race condition at startup.

    - by Will Hartung
    I have some code that I want to have some one time initialisation performed. But this code doesn't have a definite lifecycle, so my logic can be potentially invoked by multiple threads before my initialisation is done. So, I want to basically ensure that my logic code "waits" until initialisation is done. This is my first cut. public class MyClass { private static final AtomicBoolean initialised = new AtomicBoolean(false); public void initialise() { synchronized(initialised) { initStuff(); initialised.getAndSet(true); initialised.notifyAll(); } } public void doStuff() { synchronized(initialised) { if (!initialised.get()) { try { initialised.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { throw new RuntimeException("Uh oh!", ex); } } } doOtherStuff(); } } I basically want to make sure this is going to do what I think it's going to do -- block doStuff until the initialised is true, and that I'm not missing a race condition where doStuff might get stuck on a Object.wait() that will never arrive. Edit: I have no control over the threads. And I want to be able to control when all of the initialisation is done, which is why doStuff() can't call initialise(). I used an AtomicBoolean as it was a combination of a value holder, and an object I could synchronize. I could have also simply had a "public static final Object lock = new Object();" and a simple boolean flag. AtomicBoolean conveniently gave me both. A Boolean can not be modified. The CountDownLatch is exactly what I was looking for. I also considered using a Sempahore with 0 permits. But the CountDownLatch is perfect for just this task.

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  • Saving associated domain classes in Grails

    - by Cesar
    I'm struggling to get association right on Grails. Let's say I have two domain classes: class Engine { String name int numberOfCylinders = 4 static constraints = { name(blank:false, nullable:false) numberOfCylinders(range:4..8) } } class Car { int year String brand Engine engine = new Engine(name:"Default Engine") static constraints = { engine(nullable:false) brand(blank:false, nullable:false) year(nullable:false) } } The idea is that users can create cars without creating an engine first, and those cars get a default engine. In the CarController I have: def save = { def car = new Car(params) if(!car.hasErrors() && car.save()){ flash.message = "Car saved" redirect(action:index) }else{ render(view:'create', model:[car:car]) } } When trying to save, I get a null value exception on the Car.engine field, so obviously the default engine is not created and saved. I tried to manually create the engine: def save = { def car = new Car(params) car.engine = new Engine(name: "Default Engine") if(!car.hasErrors() && car.save()){ flash.message = "Car saved" redirect(action:index) }else{ render(view:'create', model:[car:car]) } } Didn't work either. Is Grails not able to save associated classes? How could I implement such feature?

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  • Operator overloading in generic struct: can I create overloads for specific kinds(?) of generic?

    - by Carson Myers
    I'm defining physical units in C#, using generic structs, and it was going okay until I got the error: One of the parameters of a binary operator must be the containing type when trying to overload the mathematical operators so that they convert between different units. So, I have something like this: public interface ScalarUnit { } public class Duration : ScalarUnit { } public struct Scalar<T> where T : ScalarUnit { public readonly double Value; public Scalar(double Value) { this.Value = Value; } public static implicit operator double(Scalar<T> Value) { return Value.Value; } } public interface VectorUnit { } public class Displacement : VectorUnit { } public class Velocity : VectorUnit { } public struct Vector<T> where T : VectorUnit { #... public static Vector<Velocity> operator /(Vector<Displacement> v1, Scalar<Duration> v2) { return new Vector<Velocity>(v1.Magnitude / v2, v1.Direction); } } There aren't any errors for the + and - operators, where I'm just working on a Vector<T>, but when I substitute a unit for T, suddenly it doesn't like it. Is there a way to make this work? I figured it would work, since Displacement implements the VectorUnit interface, and I have where T : VectorUnit in the struct header. Am I at least on the right track here? I'm new to C# so I have difficulty understanding what's going on sometimes.

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  • Why aren't my threads start at the same time? Java

    - by Ada
    Hi, I have variable number of threads which are used for parallel downloading. I used this, for(int i = 0; i< sth; i++){ thrList.add(new myThread (parameters)); thrList.get(i).start(); thrList.get(i).join(); } I don't know why but they wait for each other to complete. When using threads, I am supposed get mixed print outs, since right then there are several threads running that code. However, when I print them out, they are always in order and one thread waits for the previous one to finish first. I only want them to join the main thread, not wait for each other. I noticed that when I measured time while downloading in parallel. How can I fix this? Why are they doing it in order? In my .java, there is MyThread class with run and there is Downloader class with static methods and variables. Would they be the cause of this? The static methods and variables? How can I fix this problem?

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  • Call from a singleton class to a function which in turn calls that class's method

    - by dare2be
    Hello, I am still looking for a way to phrase it properly (I'm not a native speaker...). So I have this class SQL which implements the singleton pattern (for obvious reasons) and I also have this function, checkUsr(), which queries the database using one of SQL's methods. Everything works fine as long as I don't call checkUsr() from within the SQL class. When I do so, the scripts just exits and a blank page is displayed - no errors are returned, no exception is thrown... What's happening? And how do I work around this problem? EDIT: class SQL { public static function singleton() { static $instance; if(!isset($instance)) $instance = new SQL; return $instance; } public function tryLoginAuthor( $login, $sha1 ) { (...) } } function checkUsr() { if (!isset($_SESSION['login']) || !isset($_SESSION['sha1'])) throw new Exception('Not logged in', 1); $SQL = SQL::singleton(); $res = $SQL->tryLoginAuthor($_SESSION['login'], $_SESSION['sha1']); if (!isset($res[0])) throw new Exception('Not logged in', 1); }

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  • How to save errors with the handleError in CakePHP 2.0?

    - by jags1988cr
    I have a big problem. Well, I'm trying to save the errors that happen in my web application. For example (only a example), if I make a division by zero, or happens an error in a query or something like that. So, I wanna catch that and save it in the database. But the handleError of CakePHP is static, so I can't use $this-MyModel-saveError(...). In my /app/Lib/AppError.php I have this: class AppError extends ErrorHandler { public $uses = array('Errors.Error'); public static function handleError($code, $description, $file = null, $line = null, $context = null) { //This print the error: echo "Code: ".$code." Description: ".$description." File: ".$file." Line: ".$line."<br>"; //I want to do this, (save to the database): $this->Error->saveError($code, $description, $file, $line); } } Without the $this-Error-saveError($code, $description, $file, $line); it works but I not only want to show the error. I think need an example or something like that. Please help me. Regards and thank you. Thanks... P.D.: Sorry for the English, I'm an english student...

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  • Looking for an appropriate design pattern

    - by user1066015
    I have a game that tracks user stats after every match, such as how far they travelled, how many times they attacked, how far they fell, etc, and my current implementations looks somewhat as follows (simplified version): Class Player{ int id; public Player(){ int id = Math.random()*100000; PlayerData.players.put(id,new PlayerData()); } public void jump(){ //Logic to make the user jump //... //call the playerManager PlayerManager.jump(this); } public void attack(Player target){ //logic to attack the player //... //call the player manager PlayerManager.attack(this,target); } } Class PlayerData{ public static HashMap<int, PlayerData> players = new HashMap<int,PlayerData>(); int id; int timesJumped; int timesAttacked; } public void incrementJumped(){ timesJumped++; } public void incrementAttacked(){ timesAttacked++; } } Class PlayerManager{ public static void jump(Player player){ players.get(player.getId()).incrementJumped(); } public void incrementAttacked(Player player, Player target){ players.get(player.getId()).incrementAttacked(); } } So I have a PlayerData class which holds all of the statistics, and brings it out of the player class because it isn't part of the player logic. Then I have PlayerManager, which would be on the server, and that controls the interactions between players (a lot of the logic that does that is excluded so I could keep this simple). I put the calls to the PlayerData class in the Manager class because sometimes you have to do certain checks between players, for instance if the attack actually hits, then you increment "attackHits". The main problem (in my opinion, correct me if I'm wrong) is that this is not very extensible. I will have to touch the PlayerData class if I want to keep track of a new stat, by adding methods and fields, and then I have to potentially add more methods to my PlayerManager, so it isn't very modulized. If there is an improvement to this that you would recommend, I would be very appreciative. Thanks.

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