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  • Is execution of sync(8) still required before shutting down linux?

    - by Amos Shapira
    I still see people recommend use of "sync; sync; sync; sleep 30; halt" incantations when talking about shutting down or rebooting Linux. I've been running Linux since its inception and although this was the recommended procedure in the BSD 4.2/4.3 and SunOS 4 days, I can't recall that I had to do that for at least the last ten years, during which I probably went through shutdown/reboot of Linux maybe thousands of times. I suspect that this is an anachronism since the days that the kernel couldn't unmount and sync the root filesystem and other critical filesystems required even during single-user mode (e.g. /tmp), and therefore it was necessary to tell it explicitly to flush as much data as it can to disk. These days, without finding the relevant code in the kernel source yet (digging through http://lxr.linux.no and google), I suspect that the kernel is smart enough to cleanly unmount even the root filesystem and the filesystem is smart enough to effectively do a sync(2) before unmounting itself during a normal "shutdown"/"reboot"/"poweorff". The "sync; sync; sync" is only necessary in extreme cases where the filesystem won't unmount cleanly (e.g. physical disk failure) or the system is in a state that only forcing a direct reboot(8) will get it out of its freeze (e.g. the load is too high to let it schedule the shutdown command). I also never do the "sync" procedure before unmounting removable devices, and never hit a problem. Another example - Xen allows the DomU to be sent a "shutdown" command from the Dom0, this is considered a "clean shutdown" without anyone having to login and type the magical "sync; sync; sync" first. Am I right or was I lucky for a few thousands of system shutdowns?

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  • Spring-mvc project can't select from a particular mysql table

    - by Dan Ray
    I'm building a Spring-mvc project (using JPA and Hibernate for DB access) that is running just great locally, on my dev box, with a local MySQL database. Now I'm trying to put a snapshot up on a staging server for my client to play with, and I'm having trouble. Tomcat (after some wrestling) deploys my war file without complaint, and I can get some response from the application over the browser. When I hit my main page, which is behind Spring Security authentication, it redirects me to the login page, which works perfectly. I have Security configured to query the database for user details, and that works fine. In fact, a change to a password in the database is reflected in the behavior of the login form, so I'm confident it IS reaching the database and querying the user table. Once authenticated, we go to the first "real" page of the app, and I get a "data access failure" error. The server's console log gets this line (redacted): ERROR org.hibernate.util.JDBCExceptionReporter - SELECT command denied to user 'myDbUser'@'localhost' for table 'asset' However, if I go to MySQL from the shell using exactly the same creds, I have no problem at all selecting from the asset table: [development@tomcat01stg]$ mysql -u myDbUser -pmyDbPwd dbName ... mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.77, for redhat-linux-gnu (i686) using readline 5.1 Connection id: 199 Current database: dbName Current user: myDbUser@localhost ... UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -------------- mysql> select count(*) from asset; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 19 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) I've broken down my MySQL access settings, cleaned out the user and re-run the grant commands, set up a version of the user from 'localhost' and another from '%', making sure to flush permissions.... Nothing is changing the behavior of this thing. What gives?

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  • MySQL is killing the server IO.

    - by OneOfOne
    I manage a fairly large/busy vBulletin forums (running on gigenet cloud), the database is ~ 10 GB (~9 milion posts, ~60 queries per second), lately MySQL have been grinding the disk like there's no tomorrow according to iotop and slowing the site. The last idea I can think of is using replication, but I'm not sure how much that would help and worried about database sync. I'm out of ideas, any tips on how to improve the situation would be highly appreciated. Specs : Debian Lenny 64bit ~12Ghz (6 cores) CPU, 7520gb RAM, 160gb disk. Kernel : 2.6.32-4-amd64 mysqld Ver 5.1.54-0.dotdeb.0 for debian-linux-gnu on x86_64 ((Debian)) Other software: vBulletin 3.8.4 memcached 1.2.2 PHP 5.3.5-0.dotdeb.0 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jan 7 2011 00:07:27) lighttpd/1.4.28 (ssl) - a light and fast webserver PHP and vBulletin are configured to use memcached. MySQL Settings : [mysqld] key_buffer = 128M max_allowed_packet = 16M thread_cache_size = 8 myisam-recover = BACKUP max_connections = 1024 query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_size = 128M expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M key_buffer_size = 128M join_buffer_size = 8M tmp_table_size = 16M max_heap_table_size = 16M table_cache = 96 Other : > vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 9 0 73140 36336 8968 1859160 0 0 42 15 3 2 6 1 89 5 > /etc/init.d/mysql status Threads: 49 Questions: 252139 Slow queries: 164 Opens: 53573 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 337 Queries per second avg: 61.302. Edit Additional info.

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  • How do I create a read only MySQL user for backup purposes with mysqldump?

    - by stickmangumby
    I'm using the automysqlbackup script to dump my mysql databases, but I want to have a read-only user to do this with so that I'm not storing my root database password in a plaintext file. I've created a user like so: grant select, lock tables on *.* to 'username'@'localhost' identified by 'password'; When I run mysqldump (either through automysqlbackup or directly) I get the following warning: mysqldump: Got error: 1044: Access denied for user 'username'@'localhost' to database 'information_schema' when using LOCK TABLES Am I doing it wrong? Do I need additional grants for my readonly user? Or can only root lock the information_schema table? What's going on? Edit: GAH and now it works. I may not have run FLUSH PRIVILEGES previously. As an aside, how often does this occur automatically? Edit: No, it doesn't work. Running mysqldump -u username -p --all-databases > dump.sql manually doesn't generate an error, but doesn't dump information_schema. automysqlbackup does raise an error.

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  • What is the best way to recover from a mysql replication fail?

    - by Itai Ganot
    Today, the replication between our master mysql db server and the two replication servers dropped. I have a procedure here which was written a long time ago and i'm not sure it's the fastest method to recover for this issue. I'd like to share with you the procedure and I'd appreciate if you could give your thoughts about it and maybe even tell me how it can be done quicker. At the master: RESET MASTER; FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK; SHOW MASTER STATUS; And copy the values of the result of the last command somewhere. Wihtout closing the connection to the client (because it would release the read lock) issue the command to get a dump of the master: mysqldump mysq Now you can release the lock, even if the dump hasn't end. To do it perform the following command in the mysql client: UNLOCK TABLES; Now copy the dump file to the slave using scp or your preferred tool. At the slave: Open a connection to mysql and type: STOP SLAVE; Load master's data dump with this console command: mysql -uroot -p < mysqldump.sql Sync slave and master logs: RESET SLAVE; CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=98; Where the values of the above fields are the ones you copied before. Finally type START SLAVE; And to check that everything is working again, if you type SHOW SLAVE STATUS; you should see: Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes That's it! At the moment i'm in the stage of copying the db from the master to the other two replication servers and it takes more than 6 hours to that point, isn't it too slow? The servers are connected through a 1gb switch.

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  • DNS to \\Server\ wrong - \\Server.company.local\ works fine

    - by JimmyClif
    I had a little network glitch and since then one of my servers shows up wrong at some workstations when typing in \\server\. Example: On workstationA I go to Explorer and and type \\server\ and it brings me to our copier at 192.168.2.101. \\server.company.local\ gets me to the right place at 192.168.2.252. Ping with server pings 192.168.2.252 - same correct result with ping server.company.com nslookup also shows correct result with both. reverse lookup by ip is correct also. I flush the DNS on the workstation and the error still occurs. reboot same result. At that point I give up and start remapping the shares to \\server.company.local\share just to get the user back working... DNS Server has correct entries for that server. Can access the server via \\server\ on dns server, all looks fine. Eventually the workstation figures it out by itself and \\server\ works again but my life wouldn't be as stressful if I had a clue what happened or how to fix it myself. Thanks for your time looking and answering.

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  • VPN sharing on Mac OS X 10.5 machine

    - by Jens
    I have a rather weird problem. I want to share a VPN connection that has been established by my Mac OS X 10.5 computer with another machine in my network. This is what I did: In the /etc/hostcongig file on the main computer I added the line: IPFORWARDING=-YES- I assigned a fixed IP address to my computer (192.168.178.30), a fixed one to the other machine (192.168.178.60) and my computer's IP address as gateway on the other machine. I connected to my VPN using the internal Mac OS X VPN client (PPTP connection) I run this script: #!/bin/sh natd -same_ports -use_sockets -unregistered_only -dynamic -interface ppp0 -clamp_mss ipfw -f flush ipfw add divert natd ip from any to any via ppp0 ipfw add pass all from any to any sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 Source: Using (and sharing) a VPN connection on your Mac Now everthing works smootly, however speed is an issue. I get 1,8 MBit/s on my main machine and only 0,3 - 0,6 MBit/s on the other one. My question: What could possibly be wrong? Do I have to tweak MTU settings, is there any packet inspection ongoing that needs time....? Any help appreciated!

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  • Sendmail doesn't work with iptables, even though smtp and dns are allowed

    - by tom
    I have sendmail installed on Ubuntu 10.04 solely for the use of the php mail() function. This works fine unless iptables is running (I've been using sendmail [email protected] to test this). I think that I have allowed SMTP and DNS (the script I am using to test iptables rules is below, in my version are the actual IPs of my hosts nameservers), but to no avail! iptables --flush iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Postgres iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 5432 -j ACCEPT # Webmin iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j ACCEPT # Ping iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-reply -j ACCEPT # sendmail iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 25 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 25 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # DNS iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p udp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 53 -s <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver1> -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 53 -d <nameserver2> -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j DROP # Add loopback iptables -I INPUT 1 -i lo -j ACCEPT

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  • MongoDB data directory transfer and upgrade

    - by KPL
    I just transferred my data directory (of Mongo 1.6.5) to a new server and installed Mongo 2.0 on it. I set the data directory path and did sudo server mongod restart. It failed, and the log file output says this - ***** SERVER RESTARTED ***** Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=8224 port=27017 dbpath=/database/mongodb 64-bit host=domU-12-31-39-09-35-81 Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] db version v2.0.0, pdfile version 4.5 Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] git version: 695c67dff0ffc361b8568a13366f027caa406222 Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] build info: Linux bs-linux64.10gen.cc 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen #1 SMP Fri Nov 20 17:48:28 EST 2009 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_41 Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] options: { auth: "true", config: "/etc/mongod.conf", dbpath: "/database/mongodb", fork: "true", logappend: "true", logpath: "/var/log/mongo/mongod.log", nojournal: "true" } Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] couldn't open /database/mongodb/local.ns errno:1 Operation not permitted Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] error couldn't open file /database/mongodb/local.ns terminating Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 dbexit: Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] shutdown: going to close listening sockets... Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] shutdown: going to flush diaglog... Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] shutdown: going to close sockets... Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] shutdown: closing all files... Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] closeAllFiles() finished Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 [initandlisten] shutdown: removing fs lock... Sun Oct 9 07:51:47 dbexit: really exiting now I have already run it with --upgrade once.

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  • Mac OS X Terminal.app Ubuntu 9.10 SSHD and incorrect keyboard mapping

    - by Jesse
    Does anyone have any Idea how to handle this? I can't stand connecting to certain Ubuntu boxes via Mac OS X because of issues with keyboard layout etc. I have set TERM=vt100 and TERM=xterm-color in Ubuntu .bashrc and also in the Terminal.app advanced preferences and nothing seems to fix this issue. Trying to use arrow keys on slim silver keyboard results in ^[[A etc. From Answer OS X 10.6.4 When I try to run /lib/terminfo/x/xterm-color I get permission denied? Maybe this is the issue?! Regular bash login shell. If I sudo often it works. Which leads me to believe the above permissions problem is the cause. Output from stty -a: $ stty -a speed 9600 baud; rows 47; columns 181; line = 0; intr = ^C; quit = ^\; erase = ^?; kill = ^U; eof = ^D; eol = M-^?; eol2 = M-^?; swtch = <undef>; start = ^Q; stop = ^S; susp = ^Z; rprnt = ^R; werase = ^W; lnext = ^V; flush = ^O; min = 1; time = 0; -parenb -parodd cs8 -hupcl -cstopb cread -clocal -crtscts -ignbrk -brkint -ignpar -parmrk -inpck -istrip -inlcr -igncr icrnl ixon -ixoff -iuclc ixany imaxbel -iutf8 opost -olcuc -ocrnl onlcr -onocr -onlret -ofill -ofdel nl0 cr0 tab0 bs0 vt0 ff0 isig icanon iexten echo echoe -echok -echonl -noflsh -xcase -tostop -echoprt echoctl echoke

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  • How to know whether mongodb is running on 64 bit mode or 32 bit mode

    - by Jim Thio
    My programmer install mongodb. Then somehow it doesn't work. I run C:\mongod\bin>mongod mongod --help for help and startup options Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 warning: 32-bit servers don't have journaling enabled by def ault. Please use --journal if you want durability. Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=3800 port=27017 dbpat h=/data/db 32-bit host=haryantoi5 Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] ** NOTE: when using MongoDB 32 bit, you are limited to about 2 gigabytes of data Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] ** see http://blog.mongodb.org/post/13 7788967/32-bit-limitations Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] ** with --journal, the limit is lower Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] db version v2.0.7-rc1, pdfile version 4.5 Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] git version: 9efe4cce272373b52b96de1309c1fbf 0c984305f Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] build info: windows sys.getwindowsversion(ma jor=6, minor=0, build=6002, platform=2, service_pack='Service Pack 2') BOOST_LIB _VERSION=1_42 Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] options: {} ************** Unclean shutdown detected. Please visit http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/repair for recovery instructions. ************* Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 12596 old lock f ile, terminating Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 dbexit: Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] shutdown: going to close listening sockets.. . Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] shutdown: going to flush diaglog... Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] shutdown: going to close sockets... Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] shutdown: closing all files... Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 [initandlisten] closeAllFiles() finished Sat Aug 11 22:57:50 dbexit: really exiting now It seems that mongod is running on 32 bit. I have a 64 bit computer and I want to run mongodb in 64 bit enviroment. How do I do so?

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  • iptables -- OK, **now** am I doing it right?

    - by Agvorth
    This is a follow up to a previous question where I asked whether my iptables config is correct. CentOS 5.3 system. Intended result: block everything except ping, ssh, Apache, and SSL. Based on xenoterracide's advice and the other responses to the question (thanks guys), I created this script: # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now when I list the rules I get... # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere state INVALID 9 612 ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 644 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination I ran it and I can still log in, so that's good. Anyone notice anything major out of wack?

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  • DNS resolve .com domain on local domain

    - by Joost Verdaasdonk
    I'm building a local 2008 R2 domain as a test case to be able to write a roadmap for the real new domain that needs to be created soon. What I would like to know if I'm able to make a record in DNS that will point the domain name: www.example.com and example.com to one of the servers in my network. I tried creating an a-record for it but that doesn't work. To be honest I'm not even sure if this is possible? So can I do this? That way I would be able to fully test all our services (and webb app) offline before I build the real domain and switch the DNS records at the provider. Some advice if possible and where to start is appreciated. The solution (Thanks Brent): Create new Forward lookup zone pointing to example.com Create empty A record pointing to IP of the webserver you are targeting If www is needed create A record with Name: www and IP of your webserver sub domains repeat the process but then with names for example: sub or www.sub (and ip your webserver) Be aware of the DNS Cache while you are in this process. Things can take time or do the following: Right click the server and choose clear cache in CMD: ipconfig /flushdns (to flush the client cache)

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  • How To Investigate/Restore MySQL Permissions? MySQL ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user

    - by Recc
    ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) Debian. mysqld is listening on 3306 supposedly Telnet to 3306 works Also tried binding it specifically yo localhost and then 127.0.0.1 which made no difference However: # netstat -ln | grep mysql unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 78993 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock # mysql -P3306 -ptest ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) Things I've tried: dpkg-reconfigure mysql-server-5.1 Doesn't help http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/442 Doesn't help This command (source): UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Doesn't help, in fact: Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 0 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 So might the user be deleted? Extremely unlikely as all this started after packages update a colleague did and some separate services started screwing around but my colleague said he removed the offenders. Theres more: while # mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables is running one can access the data tables, only with the valid passwords! So there's users and some authentication takes place hence the 0 rows affected above. Can the privileges tables be damaged somehow and how can I recreate/restore them when my only way of getting a mysql console is to skip them? Can I spare my reinstall of MySQL? Either way I did get a dump of the DBs now that I could get in with the above mode.

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  • DNS lookup fails when with all the MAC workstations

    - by user39564
    Hi, I am having this insane problem. We are mac-heavy users. Around 10 workstations, one Xserve server, two windows workstation and one Linux (me). Last year I added an A record to our domain's DNS. However we had to change that a few months ago to a new IP. But all the Mac workstations fail to resolve the proper DNS and they still resolve to the old IP, even after 2 months. On both the windows workstation and my linux box a simple nslookup resolves to proper IP. However, on ALL the mac workstation, dig and nslookup report the old IP address. From my linux workstation: jp@lo:~$ nslookup - 208.67.222.222 client.xyz.com Server: 208.67.222.222 Address: 208.67.222.222#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: client.xyz.com Address: 68.71.40.xx But when I am trying the exact same command from any Mac workstation, I get the old IP: $ nslookup - 208.67.222.222 client.xyz.com Server: 208.67.222.222 Address: 208.67.222.222#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: client.xyz.com Address: 98.143.155.xx The strange thing is that this only happens in our internal network. No problem from home nor from another server. I did try to flush the DNS, don't worry. It did not help. I am starting to wonder if my router (OpenWRT) or Mac OS X Server is not in some way spoofing the DNS request and thus acting as a cache. Any suggestions/comments would be grateful. Thank you, JP

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  • Can anyone explain why my crypto++ decrypted file is 16 bytes short?

    - by Tom Williams
    I suspect it might be too much to hope for, but can anyone with experience with crypto++ explain why the "decrypted.out" file created by main() is 16 characters short (which probably not coincidentally is the block size)? I think the issue must be in CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar(), but I've been staring at it and the crypto++ documentation for hours. Any other comments about how crummy or naive my std::streambuf implementation are also welcome ;-) And I've just noticed I'm missing some calls to delete so you don't have to tell me about those. Thanks, Tom // Runtime Includes #include <iostream> // Crypto++ Includes #include "aes.h" #include "modes.h" // xxx_Mode< > #include "filters.h" // StringSource and // StreamTransformation #include "files.h" using namespace std; class CryptStreamBuffer: public std::streambuf { public: CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c); protected: virtual int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()); virtual int_type uflow(); virtual int_type underflow(); virtual int_type pbackfail(int_type ch); virtual int sync(); private: int GetNextChar(); int m_NextChar; // Buffered character CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter* m_StreamTransformationFilter; CryptoPP::FileSource* m_Source; CryptoPP::FileSink* m_Sink; }; // class CryptStreamBuffer CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(istream& encryptedInput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c); m_Source = new CryptoPP::FileSource(encryptedInput, false, m_StreamTransformationFilter); } CryptStreamBuffer::CryptStreamBuffer(ostream& encryptedOutput, CryptoPP::StreamTransformation& c) : m_NextChar(traits_type::eof()), m_StreamTransformationFilter(0), m_Source(0), m_Sink(0) { m_Sink = new CryptoPP::FileSink(encryptedOutput); m_StreamTransformationFilter = new CryptoPP::StreamTransformationFilter(c, m_Sink); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::overflow(int_type ch) { return m_StreamTransformationFilter->Put((byte)ch); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::uflow() { int_type result = GetNextChar(); // Reset the buffered character m_NextChar = traits_type::eof(); return result; } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::underflow() { return GetNextChar(); } CryptStreamBuffer::int_type CryptStreamBuffer::pbackfail(int_type ch) { return traits_type::eof(); } int CryptStreamBuffer::sync() { if (m_Sink) { m_StreamTransformationFilter->MessageEnd(); } } int CryptStreamBuffer::GetNextChar() { // If we have a buffered character do nothing if (m_NextChar != traits_type::eof()) { return m_NextChar; } // If there are no more bytes currently available then pump the source // *** I SUSPECT THE PROBLEM IS HERE *** if (m_StreamTransformationFilter->MaxRetrievable() == 0) { m_Source->Pump(1024); } // Retrieve the next byte byte nextByte; size_t noBytes = m_StreamTransformationFilter->Get(nextByte); if (0 == noBytes) { return traits_type::eof(); } // Buffer up the next character m_NextChar = nextByte; return m_NextChar; } void InitKey(byte key[]) { key[0] = -62; key[1] = 102; key[2] = 78; key[3] = 75; key[4] = -96; key[5] = 125; key[6] = 66; key[7] = 125; key[8] = -95; key[9] = -66; key[10] = 114; key[11] = 22; key[12] = 48; key[13] = 111; key[14] = -51; key[15] = 112; } void DecryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Decryption decryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ifs, decryptor); std::istream decrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = decrypt.get())) { ofs << (char)c; } ofs.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } void EncryptFile(const char* sourceFileName, const char* destFileName) { ifstream ifs(sourceFileName, ios::in | ios::binary); ofstream ofs(destFileName, ios::out | ios::binary); byte key[CryptoPP::AES::DEFAULT_KEYLENGTH]; InitKey(key); CryptoPP::ECB_Mode<CryptoPP::AES>::Encryption encryptor(key, sizeof(key)); if (ifs) { if (ofs) { CryptStreamBuffer cryptBuf(ofs, encryptor); std::ostream encrypt(&cryptBuf); int c; while (EOF != (c = ifs.get())) { encrypt << (char)c; } encrypt.flush(); } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << destFileName << "'." << endl; } } else { std::cerr << "Failed to open file '" << sourceFileName << "'." << endl; } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { EncryptFile(argv[1], "encrypted.out"); DecryptFile("encrypted.out", "decrypted.out"); return 0; }

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  • Why not block ICMP?

    - by Agvorth
    I think I almost have my iptables setup complete on my CentOS 5.3 system. Here is my script... # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP For context, this machine is a Virtual Private Server Web app host. In a previous question, Lee B said that I should "lock down ICMP a bit more." Why not just block it altogether? What would happen if I did that (what bad thing would happen)? If I need to not block ICMP, how could I go about locking it down more?

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  • Upgrading PHP, MySQL old-passwords issue

    - by Rushyo
    I've inherited a Windows 2k3 server running an XAMPP-installation from the stone age. I needed to upgrade PHP to facilitate an upgrade to MediaWiki to facilitate a new MediaWiki extension (to facilitate some documentation to facilitate doing my job to facilitate getting paid to facilit... you get the idea). However... installing a new version of PHP resulted in PHP's MySQL libraries refusing to communicate using MySQL's 'old style' 152-bit passwords. Not a problem in theory. The MySQL installation is post-4.1, so it should have the functionality to upgrade the user's passwords from 152-bit to 328-bit (what a weird hashing algorithm...). I ran the following: SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('foo'); on MySQL but querying: SELECT user, password FROM mysql.user; returned just the same password I started out with - 152-bit. Now... I suspect you're thinking 'AHA! old-passwords is on!'. Unfortunately it's not - I've disabled it in the configuration (explicitly set it to 0), made doubly sure I have an absolute reference to that configuration file and ensured the service isn't using the --old-passwords flag. The service was reset after each and every operation. So I went onto another system and generated the 328-bit hash on there, copying the hash over to the first MySQL instance. Unfortunately, that didn't work either (I did remember to FLUSH PRIVILEGES). The application error is: "'mysqlnd cannot connect to MySQL 4.1+ using the old insecure authentication. Please use an administration tool [...snip...] Is there anything else I can try to get PHP to recognise MySQL as not using the 'old insecure authentication'? MySQL seems to be stuck in 'old-passwords' mode and I can't get it out of it.

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  • Cannot connect to MySQL on RDS (Amazon Web Services) from my laptop

    - by Bruno Reis
    I'm having some trouble connecting to a MySQL 5.1 server on an RDS instance on AWS from my laptop. The detailed description of the problem is here: https://forums.aws.amazon.com/thread.jspa?messageID=323397 In short: I have 2 MySQL servers, both with the same db configuration and firewall (security group) configuration. One of them works fine: I can connect to it from my EC2 instances (ie, from inside the AWS cloud) and from my laptop. The other one doesn't: I can connect from my EC2 instances but not from my laptop. The symptom: a connection attempt from my laptop just hangs, and then times out, as if there was a firewall blocking me (ie, silently dropping my SYN packets). I must say that everything has been working fine for a very long time, and this problem began suddenly, 3 days ago, without any modifications to DB parameters or the security groups. My current analysis of the situation: The firewall (ie, security group) cannot be the problem: both MySQL servers share the same firewall configuration -- I can connect to one of them but not to the other. Later on, I even added a rule to allow inbound connections from 0.0.0.0/0 (ie, I turned off the firewall), and nothing. Oh, I also created a new, fresh security group and changed this instance's SG to the new one (to which I first added my ip address, and then 0.0.0.0/0) but still nothing. The credentials cannot be the problem: I use the same from my laptop and from my EC2 instances -- and the user (which is what Amazon calls master user), in the database, has a host of '%'. MySQL is not blocking my IP due to, say, too many failed connection attemps: I've FLUSH HOSTS on the database, and also I tried to connect using many different source IP addresses, even from all around the world through a VPN proxy service. What could I be missing? I'm asking here because it's been about 36 hours since I've posted on AWS forums but got no answer at all over there... someone here might have a solution! Any input is really appreciated, I'm out of ideas. Thanks!

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  • mysql - moving to a lower performance server, how small can I go?

    - by pedalpete
    I've been running a site for a few years now which really isn't growing in traffic, and I want to save some money on hosting, but keep it going for the loyal users of the site and api. The database has one a nearly 4 million row table, and on a 4gb dual xeon 5320 server. When I check server stats on this server with ps -aux, i get returns of mysql running at about 11% capacity, so no serious load. The main query against mysql runs in about 0.45 seconds. I popped over to linode.com to see what kind of performance I could get out of one of their tiny boxes, and their 360mb ram XEN vps returns the same query in 20 seconds. Clearly not good enough. I've looked at the mysql variables, and they are both very similar (I've included the show variables output below, if anybody is interested). Is there a good way to decide on what size server is needed based on what I'm coming from? Is it RAM that is likely making the difference with the large table size? Is there a way for me to figure out how much ram would be ideal?? Here's the output of the show variables (though I'm not sure it is important). +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | auto_increment_offset | 1 | | automatic_sp_privileges | ON | | back_log | 50 | | basedir | /usr/ | | bdb_cache_size | 8384512 | | bdb_home | /var/lib/mysql/ | | bdb_log_buffer_size | 262144 | | bdb_logdir | | | bdb_max_lock | 10000 | | bdb_shared_data | OFF | | bdb_tmpdir | /tmp/ | | binlog_cache_size | 32768 | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | | collation_connection | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | | completion_type | 0 | | concurrent_insert | 1 | | connect_timeout | 10 | | datadir | /var/lib/mysql/ | | date_format | %Y-%m-%d | | datetime_format | %Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s | | default_week_format | 0 | | delay_key_write | ON | | delayed_insert_limit | 100 | | delayed_insert_timeout | 300 | | delayed_queue_size | 1000 | | div_precision_increment | 4 | | keep_files_on_create | OFF | | engine_condition_pushdown | OFF | | expire_logs_days | 0 | | flush | OFF | | flush_time | 0 | | ft_boolean_syntax | + - For some reason, that table formats properly in the preview, but apparently not when viewing the question. Hopefully it isn't needed anyway.

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  • Allow outgoing connections for DNS

    - by Jimmy
    I'm new to IPtables, but I am trying to setup a secure server to host a website and allow SSH. This is what I have so far: #!/bin/sh i=/sbin/iptables # Flush all rules $i -F $i -X # Setup default filter policy $i -P INPUT DROP $i -P OUTPUT DROP $i -P FORWARD DROP # Respond to ping requests $i -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT # Force SYN checks $i -A INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP # Drop all fragments $i -A INPUT -f -j DROP # Drop XMAS packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP # Drop NULL packets $i -A INPUT -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP # Stateful inspection $i -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow established connections $i -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow unlimited traffic on loopback $i -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $i -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT # Open nginx $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Open SSH $i -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT However I've locked down my outgoing connections and it means I can't resolve any DNS. How do I allow that? Also, any other feedback is appreciated. James

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  • Website always having DNS problems

    - by Root
    I moved my website from shared hosting to VPS. When it was in shared hosting all I did is updated my name servers whereas now I got my own VPS server and I used one of my domain sjdpublishing.com as the primary domain for my VPS. I created nameservers as ns1.sjdpublishing.com and ns2.sjdpublishing.com and then my actual website is creativeproperty.com.au which are pointing to ns1.sjdpublishing.com and ns2.sjdpublishing.com I am having repeated problems with my domain creativeproperty.com.au a few weeks back I had a problem which was resolved by flushing DNS and later I got similar problem which was not resolved by flushing DNS, I posted a question here and someone answered me to go to Network Settings in my MAC OSX and remove the IP as in my MAC terminal nslookup creativeproperty.com.au points to my router IP and I fixed this problem Now many of my clients were complaining that they are having same troubles accessing my website. I don't know whether its to flush DNS or change network settings or other issues. Can anyone please check my domain creativeproperty.com.au and sjdpublishing.com are having correct records or not and also can anyone tell me the best solution for this issue?

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  • How to configure iptables to use apt-get in a server?

    - by segaco
    I'm starting using iptables (newbie) to protect a linux server (specifically Debian 5.0). Before I configure the iptables settings, I can use apt-get without a problem. But after I configure the iptables, the apt-get stop working. For example I use this script in iptables: #!/bin/sh IPT=/sbin/iptables ## FLUSH $IPT -F $IPT -X $IPT -t nat -F $IPT -t nat -X $IPT -t mangle -F $IPT -t mangle -X $IPT -P INPUT DROP $IPT -P OUTPUT DROP $IPT -P FORWARD DROP $IPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 80 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 443 -j ACCEPT # Allow FTP connections @ port 21 $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow Active FTP Connections $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow Passive FTP Connections $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --sport 1024: --dport 1024: -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT $IPT -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 1024: --dport 1024: -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT #DNS $IPT -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 --sport 1024:65535 -j ACCEPT $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1:1024 $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 1:1024 $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j DROP $IPT -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10000 -j DROP $IPT -A INPUT -p udp --dport 10000 -j DROP then when I run apt-get I obtain: core:~# apt-get update 0% [Connecting to ftp.us.debian.org] [Connecting to security.debian.org] [Conne and it stalls. What rules I need to configure to make it works. Thanks

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  • Secure NAT setup with iptables

    - by TheBigB
    I have Debian running device that needs to act as an internet-gateway. On top of that I want to provide a firewall that not only blocks inbound traffic, but also outbound traffic. And I figured iptables should be able to do the job. The problem: I've configured NAT properly (I think?), but once I set the default policy to DROP and add rules to for instance allow HTTP traffic from inside the LAN, HTTP is not going through. So basically my rules don't seem to work. Below is the initialization script that I use for iptables. The device has two NICs, respectively eth0 (the WAN interface) and eth1 (the LAN interface). echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward # Flush tables iptables -F iptables -t nat -F # Set policies iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT DROP # NAT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Allow outbound HTTP from LAN? iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT Can anyone shed some light on this?

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  • Mod_pagespeed, Varnish and Apache cache issues after new code pushes

    - by WerkkreW
    I have a rather strange issue. In my environment we are running a load balanced cluster of 8 apache servers with a master-master MySQL backend. In front of apache we have Varnish in the cache layer. We have been running Apache mod_pagespeed for several weeks now and for the most part it has been working great. The issue arises when we do fresh code updates from Git, and and/all of the JS/CSS assets change. Basically the problem appears to be two fold. One, after the code push we generally take the opportunity to flush varnish, restart apache, and restart varnish. In doing this all of the mod_pagespeed combinied/minified files are cleared out ensuring that all of the new JS/CSS assets are fresh. The problem is, upon doing this the file names that mod_pagespeed creates change, but the old files (appear) to be still cached for many people client side leading to very unexpected results. However, if we do not restart apache, the changes to the files may or may not appear client side due to the cached minified assets. The simple solution is to disable mod_pagespeed, however I would rather not do that as it has made a fairly large impact in performance. I feel as if there must be a better way to deal with the inconsistencies in cache between the client and server to prevent having people to go to great lengths or perform a large number of page refreshes to see a working page. I can provide configuration snippets if anyone needs them. If you would like to inspect the site, source, headers, or anything try the following addresses: http://wellplayed.org http://wellplayed.org/tv Thanks in advance!

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