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  • URL path changes between dev and published version

    - by Bob Horn
    I just got Scott Hanselman's chat app with SignalR working with ASP.NET MVC 4. After hours of configuration, trial and error, and getting different versions of Windows to talk to each other on my home network, it's all working except that I'm left with one issue that I'm not sure how to handle. This line of javascript has to change, depending on if I'm running the app through Visual Studio or the published (IIS) version: Works when running within VS: var connection = $.connection('echo'); Works with published version: var connection = $.connection('ChatWithSignalR/echo'); When I run within VS, the URL is: http://localhost:9145/ And the published version is: http://localhost/ChatWithSignalR If I don't change that line of code, and try to run the app within VS, using the javascript that has ChatWithSignalR in it, I get an error like this: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 404 (Not Found) http://localhost:9145/ChatWithSignalR/echo/negotiate?_=1347809290826 What can I do so that I can use the same javascript code and have it work in both scenarios? var connection = $.connection('??????'); Note, this is in my Global.asax.cs: RouteTable.Routes.MapConnection<MyConnection>("echo", "echo/{*operation}");

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  • Iphone Game Dev Over The Internet

    - by kernix
    Hello, I was wondering is there an easy way to communicate between iphones over the Internet(Not LAN/Bluetooth) or must there be a dedicated server in which all the iphones running an application needs to connect to? For instance, suppose I'm writing a game which works on the Internet. Once four clients joins a room, game starts. must I implement a server in which every Iphone client connects to (for instance if server was developed on Windows it could be a Service) or is there another way to address this when developing Internet-based application? Thank you

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  • Linux?????Oracle ASMLib??????

    - by ??-Oracle
    ??Oracle ASMLIB?????? ?????????linux??????oracle?asmlib?????????,?????????????,????????????????????????????????????????" multipatha",???????? ??????????: ???????????,???????????:ASM??????2??????,????????????????????????3?,?: ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????:?????????????,?/ dev/ sda?,?????????????.?????2?????????????????? Linux?SCSI????????????????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.??????sdb??sdc?????????? ??,???????????????,???????????????? ,?/dev/multipatha,?????????????,????,??I/ O??multipatha????????????????????????sdb??,?????????????,????????????multipath?????????sdc?????????? ????????????????????,???????????:sdb??sdc???multpatha,??????????????ASMLIB???,??????,ASMLIB?????????????? ASMLIB???,??????????,??ASM????????????????????????????ASM????????,?????????? ??????????:ASM??????????? ??????,ASMLIB????????????.Linux???????????,?????????????,????multipath ?????????? ???????ASMLIB??????????!??Oracle?????,?????????? ?????,????,??????ASMLIB??????????????????,??????????????: ??????:     ASMLIB???ASMLIB???????????????ASMLIB??????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB??????????????????,???????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks????????????ASMLIB????????????????????????????asmlib???,???????????ASMLIB????,?????,ASMLIB??OS????????????,????OS?????????? ????????,???????OS?????????????????ASMLIB?????????????????????????ASMLIB?????????????,?????Oracle??? ASMLib??????????????????????,???????????????????????,ASMLib?????????????,?????????????????.?????????????????????????     ??????????????????,??????????????????????,??ASMLib?????,?????????????????????????????????ASMLib???????????,??????????? ???????: ASMLib?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm.???????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm ???????????????????????????/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure ???????????,?????????????? ???????????????? ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ??????????????; ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE????????????????????; ???????????????????.???,????????????????,?????????,?????sd???????SCSI??????????????.??????????,??????????????? /dev/ ?????????????? ??:???????,?????????????????????device-mapper???,????????/dev/dm-XX??/dev/mapper/XXX???????udev???????????????ORACLEASM_SCANORDER ?? ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE???? dm ????? ???????: ??:?????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm,????????????/etc/sysconfig/oracleasm-_dev_oracleasm???? ?????????: ???????ASMLib??????????????,?ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANORDER??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANORDER="multipath sd" ??,???????,ASMLib??????"multipath"????????????/dev/multipatha ?????????????????????ASMLib?????"sd"?????????SCSI????????/dev/sda?????,???????ASM???? ??????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc??????,???ASM???,??ASMLib ????????????????ASMLib?????????ASMLib??????????????????? ????????: ?????????ASMLib???????????ASMLib??????,??ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE??,????: ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE="sdb sdc" ??,????????????ASMLib???????????/dev/sdb?/dev/sdc.????????SCSI?????,ASMLib????????????2???,?????/dev/multipath???,??,Oracle?????????? EMC PowerPath ?ASMLib ??????????EMC PowerPatch??????ASMLib?????? ????,PowerPath?2.4 kernels EMC??????Linux??2.6??,?RHEL 4??SLES 9??2.0ASMLib kernel ??????? ??EMC Power Patch???,???EMC Support Matrix????????/?? ??????????? ???????? ASMLib ? PowerPath ?Linux 2.4 Kernel????,?RHEL3 SLES8 ???????,???EMC ?: ??????OTN?????: Configuring Oracle ASMLib on Multipath Disks

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  • Accessing a broken mdadm raid

    - by CarstenCarsten
    Hi! I used a western digital mybookworld (SOHO NAS storage using Linux) as backup for my Linux box. Suddenly, the mybookworld does not boot up any more. So I opened the box, removed the hard disk and put the hard disk into an external USB HDD case, and connected it to my Linux box. [ 530.640301] usb 2-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3 [ 530.797630] scsi7 : usb-storage 2-1:1.0 [ 531.794844] scsi 7:0:0:0: Direct-Access WDC WD75 00AAKS-00RBA0 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 531.796490] sd 7:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg3 type 0 [ 531.797966] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] 1465149168 512-byte logical blocks: (750 GB/698 GiB) [ 531.800317] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Write Protect is off [ 531.800327] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Mode Sense: 38 00 00 00 [ 531.800333] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.803821] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.803836] sdc: sdc1 sdc2 sdc3 sdc4 [ 531.815831] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Assuming drive cache: write through [ 531.815842] sd 7:0:0:0: [sdc] Attached SCSI disk The dmesg output looks normal, but I was wondering why the hardisk was not mounted at all. And why there are 4 different partitions on it. fdisk showed the following: root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# fdisk /dev/sdc WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdc: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00007c00 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 4 369 2939895 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 370 382 104422+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 383 505 987997+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc4 506 91201 728515620 fd Linux raid autodetect Oh no! Everything seems to be created as a mdadm software raid. Calling mdadm --examine with the different partitions seems to affirm that. I think the only partition I am interested in, is /dev/sdc4 (because it is the largest). But nevertheless I called mdadm --examine with every partition. root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 5626a2d8:070ad992:ef1c8d24:cd8e13e4 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:49 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 2939776 (2.80 GiB 3.01 GB) Array Size : 2939776 (2.80 GiB 3.01 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 1 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 4c90bc55 - correct Events : 16682 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc2: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 9734b3ee:2d5af206:05fe3413:585f7f26 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:54 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Array Size : 104320 (101.89 MiB 106.82 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 2 Update Time : Wed Oct 27 20:19:08 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 55560b40 - correct Events : 9884 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 0 0 8 2 0 active sync /dev/sda2 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc3 /dev/sdc3: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : 08f30b4f:91cca15d:2332bfef:48e67824 Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:54 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 987904 (964.91 MiB 1011.61 MB) Array Size : 987904 (964.91 MiB 1011.61 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 3 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 39717874 - correct Events : 73678 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 3 0 active sync 0 0 8 3 0 active sync 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc4 /dev/sdc4: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 00.90.00 UUID : febb75ca:e9d1ce18:f14cc006:f759419a Creation Time : Wed Feb 20 00:57:55 2002 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 728515520 (694.77 GiB 746.00 GB) Array Size : 728515520 (694.77 GiB 746.00 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 4 Update Time : Sun Nov 21 11:05:27 2010 State : clean Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : 2f36a392 - correct Events : 519320 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 4 0 active sync 0 0 8 4 0 active sync 1 1 0 0 1 faulty removed If I read the output correctly everything was removed, because it was faulty. Is there ANY way to see the contents of the largest partition? Or seeing somehow which files are broken? I see that everything is raid1 which is only mirroring, so this should be a normal partition. I am anxious to do anything with mdadm, in fear that I destroy the data on the hard disk. I would be very thankful for any help.

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  • What are the industry metrics for average spend on dev hardware and software? [on hold]

    - by RationalGeek
    I'm trying to budget for my dev shop and compare our budget items to industry expectations. I'm hoping to find some information on what percentage of a dev's salary is generally spent on tooling, both hardware and software. Where can I find such information? If instead there is a source that looks at raw dollars that is useful, too. I can extrapolate what I need from that. NOTE: Your anecdotal evidence from your own job will not be very helpful. I'm looking for industry average statistics from a credible source. EDIT: I'm reluctant to even keep this question going based on the passionate negative responses of commenters, but I do think this is valuable information (assuming anyone will care to answer) so let me make one attempt to clarify why I'm looking for this information, and then leave it at that. I'm not sure why understanding and validating my motives is a necessary step to providing the information, but apparently that is the case, so I will do my best. Firstly, let me respond to the idea that us "management types" shouldn't use these types of metrics to evaluate budgets. I agree in part. Ideally, you should spend whatever is necessary on developers in order to keep them fully happy and productive. And this is true of all employees. However, companies operate in a world of limited resources, and every dollar spent in one area means a dollar not spent in another. So it is not enough to simply say "I need to spend $10,000 per developer next year" without having some way to justify that position. One way to help justify it is to compare yourself against the industry. If it is the case that on average a software shops spends 5% (making up that number) of their total development budget (salaries being the large portion of the other 95%, for arguments sake), and I'm only spending 3%, it helps in the justification process. So, it is not my intent to use this information to limit what I spend on developers, but rather to arm myself with the necessary justification to spend what I need to spend on developers to give them the best tools I can. I have been a developer for many years and I understand the need for proper tooling. Next, let's examine the idea that even considering the relationship between a spend on developer salaries and developer tooling is ludicrous and should be banned from budgetary thinking. As Jimmy Hoffa put it in their comment, it's like saying "I'm going to spend no more than 10% of median employee salary on light bulbs and coffee from now on.". Well, yes, it is like saying that, and from a budgeting perspective, this is a useful way to look at things. If you know that, on average, an employee consumes X dollars of coffee a year, then you can project a coffee budget based on that. And you can compare it to an industry metric to understand where you fall: do you spend more on coffee than other companies or less? Why might this be? If you are a coffee supply manager, that seems like a useful thought process. The same seems to hold true for developers. Now, on to the idea that I need to compare "apples to apples" and only look at other shops that are in the same place geographically, the same business, the same application architecture, and the same development frameworks. I guess if I could find such a statistic that said "a shop that is exactly identical to yours spends X on developer tooling" it would be wonderful. But there is plenty of value in an average statistic. Here's an analogy: let's say you are working on a household budget and need to decide how much to spend on groceries. Is it enough to know that the average consumer spends 15% on groceries and therefore decide that you will budget exactly 15%? No. You have to tweak your budget based on your individual needs and situation. But the generalized statistic does help in this evaluation. You can know if your budget is grossly off from what others are doing, and this can help you figure out why this is. So, I will concede the point that it would be better to find statistics that align to my shop, though I think any statistics I could find would be useful for what I'm doing. In that light, let's say that my shop is mostly focused on ASP.NET web applications. That doesn't map perfectly to reality because large enterprises have very heterogenous IT environments. But if I was going to pick one technology that is our focus that would be it. But, if you were to point me at some statistics that are related to a Linux shop doing embedded Java applications, I would still find it useful as a point of comparison. SUMMARY: Let me try to rephrase my question. I'm trying to find industry metrics on how much dev shops spend on developer tooling, both hardware and software. I don't so much care whether it is expressed as a percentage of total budget or as X dollars per dev or as Y percentage of salary. Any metric would be useful. If there are metrics that are specific to ASP.NET dev shops in the Northeast US, all the better, but I would be happy to find anything.

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  • Why is there an extra HDD under /dev being added in my Linux Kernel?

    - by user1279156
    I have created a Linux kernel and for some reason an extra drive is always added at bootup. My hard drive is listed as /dev/sdb. /dev/sda is created too, and it is 8 MB in size. I can't find anything in the kernel config that is creating this, but if I use a different kernel it is not there. Kernel logs show it as an attached SCSI device, looks just like my hard drive but only 8 MB, and has no partition table. It also doesn't appear to be a physical device. I've tried the kernel on many different models of PCs and it is always there. Does anyone know how to remove it? /dev/disk/by-id gives me: scsi-1AMCC_U21413034D98EB000584 scsi-1AMCC_U21413034D98EB000584-part1 scsi-353333330000007d0 scsi-SATA_ST3250312AS_5VY7SH42 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD800JD-60L_WD-WMAM9Y085675 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD800JD-60L_WD-WMAM9Y085675-part1 scsi-SATA_WDC_WD800JD-60L_WD-WMAM9Y085675-part2 hdparm -i /dev/sda gives me an "invalid argument". dd if=/dev/sda of=sda.img the resulting file does not have any content sdparm results: /dev/sda: Linux scsi_debug 0004 Device identification VPD page: Addressed logical unit: designator type: T10 vendor identification, code set: ASCII vendor id: Linux vendor specific: scsi_debug 2000 designator type: NAA, code set: Binary 0x53333330000007d0 Target port: designator type: Relative target port, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Relative target port: 0x1 designator type: NAA, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 0x52222220000007ce designator type: Target port group, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Target port group: 0x100 Target device that contains addressed lu: designator type: NAA, code set: Binary transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 0x52222220000007cd designator type: SCSI name string, code set: UTF-8 transport: Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) SCSI name string: naa.52222220000007CD

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  • How to get rid of a stubborn 'removed' device in mdadm

    - by T.J. Crowder
    One of my server's drives failed and so I removed the failed drive from all three relevant arrays, had the drive swapped out, and then added the new drive to the arrays. Two of the arrays worked perfectly. The third added the drive back as a spare, and there's an odd "removed" entry in the mdadm details. I tried both mdadm /dev/md2 --remove failed and mdadm /dev/md2 --remove detached as suggested here and here, neither of which complained, but neither of which had any effect, either. Does anyone know how I can get rid of that entry and get the drive added back properly? (Ideally without resyncing a third time, I've already had to do it twice and it takes hours. But if that's what it takes, that's what it takes.) The new drive is /dev/sda, the relevant partition is /dev/sda3. Here's the detail on the array: # mdadm --detail /dev/md2 /dev/md2: Version : 0.90 Creation Time : Wed Oct 26 12:27:49 2011 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Used Dev Size : 729952192 (696.14 GiB 747.47 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Tue Nov 12 17:48:53 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 1 UUID : 2fdbf68c:d572d905:776c2c25:004bd7b2 (local to host blah) Events : 0.34665 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 19 1 active sync /dev/sdb3 2 8 3 - spare /dev/sda3 If it's relevant, it's a 64-bit server. It normally runs Ubuntu, but right now I'm in the data centre's "rescue" OS, which is Debian 7 (wheezy). The "removed" entry was there the last time I was in Ubuntu (it won't, currently, boot from the disk), so I don't think that's not some Ubuntu/Debian conflict (and they are, of course, closely related). Update: Having done extensive tests with test devices on a local machine, I'm just plain getting anomalous behavior from mdadm with this array. For instance, with /dev/sda3 removed from the array again, I did this: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --force --raid-devices=1 And that got rid of the "removed" device, leaving me just with /dev/sdb3. Then I nuked /dev/sda3 (wrote a file system to it, so it didn't have the raid fs anymore), then: mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=2 ...which gave me an array with /dev/sdb3 in slot 0 and "removed" in slot 1 as you'd expect. Then mdadm /dev/md2 --add /dev/sda3 ...added it — as a spare again. (Another 3.5 hours down the drain.) So with the rebuilt spare in the array, given that mdadm's man page says RAID-DEVICES CHANGES ... When the number of devices is increased, any hot spares that are present will be activated immediately. ...I grew the array to three devices, to try to activate the "spare": mdadm /dev/md2 --grow --raid-devices=3 What did I get? Two "removed" devices, and the spare. And yet when I do this with a test array, I don't get this behavior. So I nuked /dev/sda3 again, used it to create a brand-new array, and am copying the data from the old array to the new one: rsync -r -t -v --exclude 'lost+found' --progress /mnt/oldarray/* /mnt/newarray This will, of course, take hours. Hopefully when I'm done, I can stop the old array entirely, nuke /dev/sdb3, and add it to the new array. Hopefully, it won't get added as a spare!

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  • volume group disappeared after xfs_check run

    - by John P
    EDIT** I have a volume group consisting of 5 RAID1 devices grouped together into a lvm and formatted with xfs. The 5th RAID device lost its RAID config (cat /proc/mdstat does not show anything). The two drives are still present (sdj and sdk), but they have no partitions. The LVM appeared to be happily using sdj up until recently. (doing a pvscan showed the first 4 RAID1 devices + /dev/sdj) I removed the LVM from the fstab, rebooted, then ran xfs_check on the LV. It ran for about half an hour, then stopped with an error. I tried rebooting again, and this time when it came up, the logical volume was no longer there. It is now looking for /dev/md5, which is gone (though it had been using /dev/sdj earlier). /dev/sdj was having read errors, but after replacing the SATA cable, those went away, so the drive appears to be fine for now. Can I modify the /etc/lvm/backup/dedvol, change the device to /dev/sdj and do a vgcfgrestore? I could try doing a pvcreate --uuid KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ /dev/sdj to make it recognize it, but I'm afraid that would erase the data on the drive UPDATE: just changing the pv to point to /dev/sdj did not work vgcfgrestore --file /etc/lvm/backup/dedvol dedvol Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Cannot restore Volume Group dedvol with 1 PVs marked as missing. Restore failed. pvscan /dev/sdj: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. Couldn't find device with uuid 'KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ'. PV /dev/sdd2 VG VolGroup00 lvm2 [74.41 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md2 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md3 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md0 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV /dev/md4 VG dedvol lvm2 [931.51 GB / 0 free] PV unknown device VG dedvol lvm2 [1.82 TB / 63.05 GB free] Total: 6 [5.53 TB] / in use: 6 [5.53 TB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ] vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... /dev/sdj: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 0: Input/output error /dev/sdj: read failed after 0 of 4096 at 2000398843904: Input/output error Found volume group "VolGroup00" using metadata type lvm2 Found volume group "dedvol" using metadata type lvm2 vgdisplay dedvol --- Volume group --- VG Name dedvol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 5 Metadata Sequence No 10 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 5 Act PV 5 VG Size 5.46 TB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 1430796 Alloc PE / Size 1414656 / 5.40 TB Free PE / Size 16140 / 63.05 GB VG UUID o1U6Ll-5WH8-Pv7Z-Rtc4-1qYp-oiWA-cPD246 dedvol { id = "o1U6Ll-5WH8-Pv7Z-Rtc4-1qYp-oiWA-cPD246" seqno = 10 status = ["RESIZEABLE", "READ", "WRITE"] flags = [] extent_size = 8192 # 4 Megabytes max_lv = 0 max_pv = 0 physical_volumes { pv0 { id = "Msiee7-Zovu-VSJ3-Y2hR-uBVd-6PaT-Ho9v95" device = "/dev/md2" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv1 { id = "ZittCN-0x6L-cOsW-v1v4-atVN-fEWF-e3lqUe" device = "/dev/md3" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv2 { id = "NRNo0w-kgGr-dUxA-mWnl-bU5v-Wld0-XeKVLD" device = "/dev/md0" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv3 { id = "2EfLFr-JcRe-MusW-mfAs-WCct-u4iV-W0pmG3" device = "/dev/md4" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 1953519872 # 931.511 Gigabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 238466 # 931.508 Gigabytes } pv4 { id = "KZron2-pPTr-ZYeQ-PKXX-4Woq-6aNc-AG4rRJ" device = "/dev/md5" # Hint only status = ["ALLOCATABLE"] flags = [] dev_size = 3907028992 # 1.81935 Terabytes pe_start = 384 pe_count = 476932 # 1.81935 Terabytes } }

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  • Can't boot in Ubuntu after windows upgrade

    - by VanceAnce
    After my lastest update for Ubuntu and Windows XP, I got a Grub error on booting the next day. ls lists the following (without () ): sd0 sd1, msdos sd2 sd5 sd6 When I tried to get into one with (sd0,xy)/ it doesn't detect system or unknown file system error. I tried to boot to a live session with a Knoppix live CD and found out that all data exists. I also tried to recover with TestDisk and it finds all systems. Here is the test disk result: Start End Size in sectors 1 * HPFS - NTFS 0 1 1 7079 254 63 113740137 2 E extended LBA 7080 0 1 12161 254 63 81642330 5 L HPFS - NTFS 7080 1 1 10266 254 63 51199092 [Schule] X extended 12031 30 1 12161 254 63 2102625 6 L Linux Swap 12031 31 33 12161 254 63 2102530 I've 1 winxp-home, 1x Ubuntu (ext3+swap) and 1 winxp prof and then I wrote on mbr with TestDisk but I always get the same errors with Grub. What should I do? I need both XP and Ubuntu. Help me please. more infos in answers below - sry for thos confusing style but im working on diff live system and browsers and have to reboot always the boot info script output is also down below maybe an advanced user can correct my fail posting - after i can solve my issuse i will register here thanx and pls help me with those weired issues ! as i still cant just comment my own answer or those on top i again has to put it here as a sepperate answer..... (or even edit - maybe an browser failur using the live cds ... cause this posti can edit) here the bootinfo script output - but the result is the same as with TestDisk ... but it looks worse - cause it also doesnt detect my old ubuntu ... but there wasnt a eares process or overwrite process visibile ending the last working session output: Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== = Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. sda1: __________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows XP Boot files: /boot.ini /ntldr /NTDETECT.COM sda2: __________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sda5: __________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows XP: NTFS Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda5 starts at sector 63. Operating System: Windows XP Boot files: sda6: __________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _______________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 100.0 GB, 100030242816 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 12161 cylinders, total 195371568 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 113,740,199 113,740,137 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 113,740,200 195,382,529 81,642,330 f W95 Extended (LBA) /dev/sda5 113,740,263 164,939,354 51,199,092 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda6 193,280,000 195,382,529 2,102,530 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 ends after the last sector of /dev/sda /dev/sda6 ends after the last sector of /dev/sda "blkid" output: ____________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 6596D86768011128 ntfs /dev/sda5 1300D3B7744EC141 ntfs Schule /dev/sda6 5b95f2a1-4145-43a5-ac51-41d7dd32b213 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sr0 /cdrom iso9660 (ro,noatime) ================================ sda1/boot.ini: ================================ [boot loader] timeout=30 default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS [operating systems] multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition" /fastdetect /NoExecute=OptOut multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(2)\WINDOWS="Microsoft Windows XP Professional" /fastdetect [spybotsd] timeout.old=30 the last part shows that i now use the windows boot loader so that i can acces at least one OS but shouldnt i also get acces to my ubuntu partitions with live-linux-cds ? or do i have to boot with grub to get to those files only ??

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  • disks not ready in array causes mdadm to force initramfs shell

    - by RaidPinata
    Okay, this is starting to get pretty frustrating. I've read most of the other answers on this site that have anything to do with this issue but I'm still not getting anywhere. I have a RAID 6 array with 10 devices and 1 spare. The OS is on a completely separate device. At boot only three of the 10 devices in the raid are available, the others become available later in the boot process. Currently, unless I go through initramfs I can't get the system to boot - it just hangs with a blank screen. When I do boot through recovery (initramfs), I get a message asking if I want to assemble the degraded array. If I say no and then exit initramfs the system boots fine and my array is mounted exactly where I intend it to. Here are the pertinent files as near as I can tell. Ask me if you want to see anything else. # mdadm.conf # # Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file. # # by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all # containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using # wildcards if desired. #DEVICE partitions containers # auto-create devices with Debian standard permissions # CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes # automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system HOMEHOST <system> # instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts MAILADDR root # definitions of existing MD arrays # This file was auto-generated on Tue, 13 Nov 2012 13:50:41 -0700 # by mkconf $Id$ ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae Here is fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/sdc2 during installation UUID=3fa1e73f-3d83-4afe-9415-6285d432c133 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sdc3 during installation UUID=c4988662-67f3-4069-a16e-db740e054727 none swap sw 0 0 # mount large raid device on /data /dev/md0 /data ext4 defaults,nofail,noatime,nobootwait 0 0 output of cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid6 sda[0] sdd[10](S) sdl[9] sdk[8] sdj[7] sdi[6] sdh[5] sdg[4] sdf[3] sde[2] sdb[1] 23441080320 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [10/10] [UUUUUUUUUU] unused devices: <none> Here is the output of mdadm --detail --scan --verbose ARRAY /dev/md0 level=raid6 num-devices=10 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=Craggenmore:data UUID=37eea980:24df7b7a:f11a1226:afaf53ae devices=/dev/sda,/dev/sdb,/dev/sde,/dev/sdf,/dev/sdg,/dev/sdh,/dev/sdi,/dev/sdj,/dev/sdk,/dev/sdl,/dev/sdd Please let me know if there is anything else you think might be useful in troubleshooting this... I just can't seem to figure out how to change the boot process so that mdadm waits until the drives are ready to build the array. Everything works just fine if the drives are given enough time to come online. edit: changed title to properly reflect situation

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  • LVM mirror attempt results in "Insufficient free space"

    - by MattK
    Attempting to add a disk to mirror an LVM volume on CentOS 7 always fails with "Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available". Having searched for a solution, I have tried specifying disks, multiple logging options, adding 3rd log partition, but have not found a solution Not sure if I am making a rookie mistake, or there is something more subtle wrong (I am more familiar with ZFS, new to using LVM): # lvconvert -m1 centos_bi/home Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --corelog centos_bi/home Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --corelog --alloc anywhere centos_bi/home Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --mirrorlog mirrored --alloc anywhere centos_bi/home /dev/sda2 Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available # lvconvert -m1 --corelog --alloc anywhere centos_bi/home /dev/sdi2 /dev/sda2 Insufficient free space: 1 extents needed, but only 0 available The two disks are of the same size, and have identical partition layouts via "sfdisk -d /dev/sdi part_table; sfdisk /dev/sda < part_table". The current configuration is detailed below. # pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda1 centos_bi lvm2 a-- 496.00m 496.00m /dev/sda2 centos_bi lvm2 a-- 465.27g 465.27g /dev/sdi2 centos_bi lvm2 a-- 465.27g 0 # vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos_bi 3 3 0 wz--n- 931.02g 465.75g # lvs -a -o +devices LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert Devices home centos_bi -wi-ao---- 391.64g /dev/sdi2(6050) root centos_bi -wi-ao---- 50.00g /dev/sdi2(106309) swap centos_bi -wi-ao---- 23.63g /dev/sdi2(0) # pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdi2 VG Name centos_bi PV Size 465.27 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 119109 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 119109 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos_bi PV Size 465.27 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 119109 Free PE 119109 Allocated PE 0 --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda1 VG Name centos_bi PV Size 500.00 MiB / not usable 4.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 124 Free PE 124 Allocated PE 0 # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos_bi System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 3 Metadata Sequence No 10 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 3 Act PV 3 VG Size 931.02 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 238342 Alloc PE / Size 119109 / 465.27 GiB Free PE / Size 119233 / 465.75 GiB # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos_bi/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos_bi LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-07 16:34:34 -0400 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 23.63 GiB Current LE 6050 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos_bi/home LV Name home VG Name centos_bi LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-07 16:34:35 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 391.64 GiB Current LE 100259 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos_bi/root LV Name root VG Name centos_bi LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-07 16:34:37 -0400 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 on Amazon EC2: /dev/xvda1 will be checked for errors at next reboot?

    - by cwd
    I'm running the lastest Ubuntu 12.04 AMI (ami-a29943cb) from Canonical on Amazon EC2 and quite often when I log in I get the message: *** /dev/xvda1 will be checked for errors at next reboot *** I have read a bunch of documentation on this and seem to understand that every so many reboots (around 37 see Mount count / Maximum mount count below) Ubuntu wants to check a disk for errors. I can see that by using dumpe2fs -h /dev/xvda1 (reference) to get information such as: Last mounted on: / Filesystem UUID: 1ad27d06-4ecf-493d-bb19-4710c3caf924 Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: (none) Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 524288 Block count: 2097152 Reserved block count: 104857 Free blocks: 1778055 Free inodes: 482659 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 511 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 Flex block group size: 16 Filesystem created: Tue Apr 24 03:07:48 2012 Last mount time: Thu Nov 8 03:17:58 2012 Last write time: Tue Apr 24 03:08:52 2012 Mount count: 3 Maximum mount count: 37 Last checked: Tue Apr 24 03:07:48 2012 Check interval: 15552000 (6 months) Next check after: Sun Oct 21 03:07:48 2012 Lifetime writes: 2454 MB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: 0a25e04c-6169-4d68-bfa6-a1acd8e39632 Journal backup: inode blocks Journal features: journal_incompat_revoke Journal size: 128M Journal length: 32768 Journal sequence: 0x0000158b Journal start: 1 I've tried these things to get rid of the message and usually the badblocks is what does it for me: Run this command and reboot: sudo touch /forcefsck Run badblocks to check the disk: badblocks /dev/sda1 Edit /etc/fstab and change the last "0" which is the fs_passno column accordingly and then reboot: The root filesystem should be specified with a fs_passno of 1, and other filesystems should have a fs_passno of 2. I don't understand: If this is a virtual drive shouldn't it be less prone to errors? Was the image created with one of the flags set? If not what is triggering it? Why is fs_passno set to 0 on Amazon EC2 Ubuntu images? This is not the first one that is like this.

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  • Why does a bash-zenity script has that title on Unity Panel and that icon on Unity Launcher?

    - by Sadi
    I have this small bash script which helps use Infinality font rendering options via a more user-friendly Zenity window. But whenever I launch it I have this "Color Picker" title on Unity Panel together with the icon assigned for "Color Picker" utility. I wonder why and how this is happening and how I can change it? #!/bin/bash # A simple script to provide a basic, zenity-based GUI to change Infinality Style. # v.1.2 # infinality_current=`cat /etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh | grep "USE_STYLE=" | awk -F'"' '{print $2}'` sudo_password="$( gksudo --print-pass --message 'Provide permission to make system changes: Enter your password to start or press Cancel to quit.' -- : 2>/dev/null )" # Check for null entry or cancellation. if [[ ${?} != 0 || -z ${sudo_password} ]] then # Add a zenity message here if you want. exit 4 fi # Check that the password is valid. if ! sudo -kSp '' [ 1 ] <<<"${sudo_password}" 2>/dev/null then # Add a zenity message here if you want. exit 4 fi # menu(){ im="zenity --width=500 --height=490 --list --radiolist --title=\"Change Infinality Style\" --text=\"Current <i>Infinality Style</i> is\: <b>$infinality_current</b>\n? To <i>change</i> it, select any other option below and press <b>OK</b>\n? To <i>quit without changing</i>, press <b>Cancel</b>\" " im=$im" --column=\" \" --column \"Options\" --column \"Description\" " im=$im"FALSE \"DEFAULT\" \"Use default settings - a compromise that should please most people\" " im=$im"FALSE \"OSX\" \"Simulate OSX rendering\" " im=$im"FALSE \"IPAD\" \"Simulate iPad rendering\" " im=$im"FALSE \"UBUNTU\" \"Simulate Ubuntu rendering\" " im=$im"FALSE \"LINUX\" \"Generic Linux style - no snapping or certain other tweaks\" " im=$im"FALSE \"WINDOWS\" \"Simulate Windows rendering\" " im=$im"FALSE \"WIN7\" \"Simulate Windows 7 rendering with normal glyphs\" " im=$im"FALSE \"WINLIGHT\" \"Simulate Windows 7 rendering with lighter glyphs\" " im=$im"FALSE \"VANILLA\" \"Just subpixel hinting\" " im=$im"FALSE \"CLASSIC\" \"Infinality rendering circa 2010 - No snapping.\" " im=$im"FALSE \"NUDGE\" \"Infinality - Classic with lightly stem snapping and tweaks\" " im=$im"FALSE \"PUSH\" \"Infinality - Classic with medium stem snapping and tweaks\" " im=$im"FALSE \"SHOVE\" \"Infinality - Full stem snapping and tweaks without sharpening\" " im=$im"FALSE \"SHARPENED\" \"Infinality - Full stem snapping, tweaks, and Windows-style sharpening\" " im=$im"FALSE \"INFINALITY\" \"Infinality - Standard\" " im=$im"FALSE \"DISABLED\" \"Act without extra infinality enhancements - just subpixel hinting\" " } # option(){ choice=`echo $im | sh -` # if echo $choice | grep "DEFAULT" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"DEFAULT\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "OSX" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"OSX\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "IPAD" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"IPAD\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "UBUNTU" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"UBUNTU\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "LINUX" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"LINUX\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "WINDOWS" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"WINDOWS\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "WIN7" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"WINDOWS7\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "WINLIGHT" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"WINDOWS7LIGHT\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "VANILLA" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"VANILLA\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "CLASSIC" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"CLASSIC\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "NUDGE" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"NUDGE\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "PUSH" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"PUSH\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "SHOVE" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"SHOVE\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "SHARPENED" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"SHARPENED\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "INFINALITY" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"INFINALITY\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # if echo $choice | grep "DISABLED" > /dev/null; then sudo -Sp '' sed -i "s/USE_STYLE=\"${infinality_current}\"/USE_STYLE=\"DISABLED\"/g" '/etc/profile.d/infinality-settings.sh' <<<"${sudo_password}" fi # } # menu option # if test ${#choice} -gt 0; then echo "Operation completed" fi # exit 0

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  • Can I expand my /boot without upsetting the system?

    - by Kaustubh P
    This is the current state of my partition table. As can be seen, the boot is very small, and I cant upgrade the kernel, because the update-manager tells me there isnt enough space on /boot :( Which effectively means that I cant update my kernel. Can I change the size of my boot, without necessitating a reinstall of either of the installed system? Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5 12G 4.9G 6.2G 45% / none 2.0G 284K 2.0G 1% /dev none 2.0G 8.5M 2.0G 1% /dev/shm none 2.0G 92K 2.0G 1% /var/run none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /var/lock /dev/sda3 42G 21G 22G 49% /media/Erste /dev/sda2 5.1G 2.5G 2.7G 48% /media/Swap /dev/sda1 30G 25G 4.9G 84% /media/Windows7 /dev/sda9 47G 28G 20G 60% /media/Zweite /dev/sda6 11G 7.6G 2.0G 80% /home /dev/sda8 49M 31M 16M 66% /boot

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  • How large should I make root, home, usr, var, and tmp partitions?

    - by Teddy Okidoki
    i install ubuntu server 10.04, have 64 Gb VHD. And want to separate partitions in this mode: /dev/xvda0 p on swap (2 Gb) /dev/xvda1a0 e on /boot (128 Mb) /dev/xvda1a1 e on / type ffs (local) /dev/xvda1a2 e on /usr type ffs (local, nodev) /dev/xvda1a3 e on /tmp type ffs (local, nodev) /dev/xvda1a4 e on /var/log type ffs (local, nodev) /dev/xvda1a5 e on /var type ffs (local, nodev, nosuid) /dev/xvda1a6 e on /home type ffs (local, nodev, nosuid, with quotas) /dev/xvda2 p on /new (local, nodev, nosuid, noexec) with rest of space ~50Gb. But i'ma stuck, and don't know what size to give to each folder. Also i want to encrypt partitions. Thank you for any tips. EDIT: System need minimum size, here will be installed about 10 apps like ufw, apache,mysql, chkrootkit and so on.

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  • GetLongPathName Undeclared

    - by iwizardpro
    When I try to compile my code with the function GetLongPathName(), the compiler tells me that the function is undeclared. I have already read the MSDN documentation located @ http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa364980%28VS.85%29.aspx. But, even though I included those header files, I am still getting the undeclared function error. Which header file(s) am I supposed to include when using the function? #include <Windows.h> #include <WinBase.h> #define DLLEXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) DLLEXPORT char* file_get_long(char* path_original) { long length = 0; TCHAR* buffer = NULL; if(!path_original) { return "-10"; } length = GetLongPathName(path_original, NULL, 0); if(length == 0) { return "-10"; } buffer = new TCHAR[length]; length = GetLongPathName(path_original, buffer, length); if(length == 0) { return "-10"; } return buffer; } And, if it makes a difference, I am currently compiling using Dev-C++ on a Windows Vista 64-bit.

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  • CentOS OpenVZ fail to boot after kernel update

    - by SkechBoy
    After upgrading to latest OpenVZ kernel CentOS server won't boot. When i try go boot the latest kernel server is stuck at this point: (note that images are taken from virtual kvm) http://i.stack.imgur.com/4lusz.jpg Then i try to start the server on some old kernels and than i get this error message: kernel panic - not syncing - attempted to kill init better shown on this image: http://i.stack.imgur.com/2SReF.jpg Here is some useful information fdisk -l WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2995.7 GB, 2995739688960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 364211 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0004c4e4 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 523 4199044+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda2 524 785 2104515 83 Linux /dev/sda3 786 261869 2097157230 83 Linux /dev/sda4 261870 364211 822062115 83 Linux /etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 /dev/sda1 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sda2 /boot ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults 0 0 /dev/sda4 /home ext3 defaults 0 0 and grub config file: title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.18.1.el5.028stab098.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 selinux=0 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-274.7.1.el5.028stab095.1.img title OpenVZ (2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4) root (hd0,1) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4 ro root=/dev/sda3 vga=0x317 initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.8.1.el5.028stab070.4.img Any help is greatly appreciated Thanks.

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  • Backup data from RAID 1 disk out of its server

    - by Doomsday
    I'm facing with a pretty easy problem in my opinion. I've extracted a working disk from a RAID1 and I'm looking to copy only data (FS and RAID configuration doesn't matter) into another location (another FS). My problem is I'm not able to mount properly this disk into another linux. I've first looked the partition table : # fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1249535699 624767818+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 1249535700 1250017649 240975 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1250017650 1250258624 120487+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris I've understood I should use dmraid tools. Once installed : # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : md0 : inactive sdc1[1](S) 624767744 blocks unused devices: <none> And some other informations : # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 8f292f54:7e5aef72:7e5ab5fd:b348fd05 Creation Time : Mon Jun 2 03:39:41 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Array Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Tue Feb 7 22:34:59 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : a505b324 - correct Events : 15148 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 From here, I've tried to mount but I'm not comfortable with dmtools and how it's working. # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 mount: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member' # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/sdc1 mount: /dev/md0: can't read superblock I've seen some options to alter RAID array with mdadm but I only want to copy data on its filesystem before wiping them... Anyone has a clue ?

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  • Creating a partitioned raid1 array for booting a debian squeeze system

    - by gucki
    I'd like to have the following raid1 (mirror) setup: /dev/md0 consists of /dev/sda and /dev/sdb I created this raid1 device using mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda /dev/sdb This gave a warning about metadata being 1.2 and my system might not boot. I cannot use 0.9 because it restricts the size of the raid to 2TB and I assume grub shipped with latest debian (squeeze) should be able to handle metadata 1.2. So then I created the needed partitions like this: # creating new label (partition table) parted -s /dev/md0 mklabel 'msdos' # creating partitions sfdisk -uM /dev/md0 << EOF 0,4096 ,1024,S ; EOF # making root filesystem mkfs -t ext4 -L boot -m 0 /dev/md0p1 # making swap filesystem mkswap /dev/md0p2 # making data filesystem mkfs -t ext4 -L data /dev/md0p3 Then I mounted the root partition, copied a minimal debian install inside and temporary mounted /dev /proc /sys. Afer this I chrooted to the new root folder and executed: grub-install --no-floppy --recheck /dev/md0 However this fails badly with: /usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: unknown filesystem. Auto-detection of a filesystem of /dev/md0p1 failed. Please report this together with the output of "/usr/sbin/grub-probe --device-map=/boot/grub/device.map --target=fs -v /boot/grub" to I don't think it's a bug in grub (so I didn't report it yet) but a fault of mine. So I really wonder how to properly setup my raid1, everything I tried so far failed.

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  • Debian: Unable to mount a second drive as a subdirectory inside of another partition.

    - by jkndrkn
    Hello. I have the following /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/md1 / ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/md0 /boot ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md5 /home ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md3 /opt ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md6 /tmp ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md2 /usr ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md4 /var ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/md7 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/sdc /home/httpd ext3 defaults 0 2 /dev/hda /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0 /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usb/backup-1 auto defaults 0 0 I am unable to get /dev/sdc/ to mount at /home/httpd/ on reboot. The /home/httpd/ directory exists. Mounting via mount -t ext3 /dev/sdc /home/httpd works just fine. Mounting via mount -a generates the following error message: mount: you must specify the filesystem type This is, incidentally, the same message that I see while booting. The error message goes away if I comment out the line in fstab starting with /dev/sdc.

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  • Route outbound connections from local network through VPN

    - by Sharkos
    I have a server A running OpenVPN, an OpenVPN client B (a rooted Android phone as it happens) and a third party C (a laptop, tablet etc.) tethered to B. B can use the VPN to access the internet via A; C can use the tethered connection WITHOUT the VPN to access the internet via B. However, with the VPN on B active, I cannot load information from the internet on C. A appears to log similar traffic inbound and outbound when B or C attempt to load a webpage, say, but the VPN on device B reports no inbound traffic when the connection originated from C. Where should I look for packets being dropped, and what ip rules should I use to make sure they are passed back through the VPN and into the local network B <- C? (I'll obviously post whatever further information is needed.) Further info Without VPN: root@android:/ # ip route default via [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 [B's External Subnet] dev rmnet0 proto kernel scope link src [B's External IP] [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 scope link 192.168.43.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.43.1 With VPN: root@android:/ # ip route 0.0.0.0/1 dev tun0 scope link default via [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 [B's External Subnet] dev rmnet0 proto kernel scope link src [B's External IP] [B's External Gateway] dev rmnet0 scope link [External address of A] dev tun0 scope link 128.0.0.0/1 dev tun0 scope link 172.16.0.0/24 dev tun0 scope link 172.16.0.8/30 dev tun0 proto kernel scope link src 172.16.0.10 192.168.43.0/24 dev wlan0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.43.1 192.168.168.0/24 dev tun0 scope link

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  • Redirect input from one terminal to another

    - by Niki Yoshiuchi
    I have sshed into a linux box and I'm using dvtm and bash (although I have also tried this with Gnu screen and bash). I have two terminals, current /dev/pts/29 and /dev/pts/130. I want to redirect the input from one to the other. From what I understand, in /dev/pts/130 I can type: cat </dev/pts/29 And then when I type in /dev/pts/29 the characters I type should show up in /dev/pts/130. However what ends up happening is that every other character I type gets redirected. For example, if I type "hello" I get this: /dev/pts/29 | /dev/pts/130 $ | $ cat </dev/pts/29 $ el | hlo This is really frustrating as I need to do this in order to redirect the io of a process running in gdb (I've tried both run /dev/pts/# and set inferior-tty /dev/pts/# and both resulted in the aforementioned behavior). Am I doing something wrong, or is this a bug in bash/screen/dvtm?

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  • Redirect one input from one terminal to another

    - by Niki Yoshiuchi
    I have sshed into a linux box and I'm using dvtm and bash (although I have also tried this with Gnu screen and bash). I have two terminals, current /dev/pts/29 and /dev/pts/130. I want to redirect the input from one to the other. From what I understand, in /dev/pts/130 I can type: cat </dev/pts/29 And then when I type in /dev/pts/29 the characters I type should show up in /dev/pts/130. However what ends up happening is that every other character I type gets redirected. For example, if I type "hello" I get this: /dev/pts/29 | /dev/pts/130 $ | $ cat </dev/pts/29 $ el | hlo This is really frustrating as I need to do this in order to redirect the io of a process running in gdb (I've tried both run /dev/pts/# and set inferior-tty /dev/pts/# and both resulted in the aforementioned behavior). Am I doing something wrong, or is this a bug in bash/screen/dvtm?

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