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• Apache and MySQL taking all the memory? Maximum connections?

  - by lpfavreau

  I've a had one of our servers going down (network wise) but keeping its uptime (so looks the server is not losing its power) recently. I've asked my hosting company to investigate and I've been told, after investigation, that Apache and MySQL were at all time using 80% of the memory and peaking at 95% and that I might be needing to add some more RAM to the server. One of their justifications to adding more RAM was that I was using the default max connections setting (125 for MySQL and 150 for Apache) and that for handling those 150 simultaneous connections, I would need at least 3Gb of memory instead of the 1Gb I have at the moment. Now, I understand that tweaking the max connections might be better than me leaving the default setting although I didn't feel it was a concern at the moment, having had servers with the same configuration handle more traffic than the current 1 or 2 visitors before the lunch, telling myself I'd tweak it depending on the visits pattern later. I've also always known Apache was more memory hungry under default settings than its competitor such as nginx and lighttpd. Nonetheless, looking at the stats of my machine, I'm trying to see how my hosting company got those numbers. I'm getting: # free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1000 944 56 0 148 725 -/+ buffers/cache: 71 929 Swap: 1953 0 1953 Which I guess means that yes, the server is reserving around 95% of its memory at the moment but I also thought it meant that only 71 out of the 1000 total were really used by the applications at the moment looking a the buffers/cache row. Also I don't see any swapping: # vmstat 60 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 0 57612 151704 742596 0 0 1 1 3 11 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 1 1 24 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 2 1 18 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 57604 151704 742596 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 0 100 0 And finally, while requesting a page: top - 08:33:19 up 3 days, 13:11, 2 users, load average: 0.06, 0.02, 0.00 Tasks: 81 total, 1 running, 80 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.3%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.3%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 1024616k total, 976744k used, 47872k free, 151716k buffers Swap: 2000052k total, 0k used, 2000052k free, 742596k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 24914 www-data 20 0 26296 8640 3724 S 2 0.8 0:00.06 apache2 23785 mysql 20 0 125m 18m 5268 S 1 1.9 0:04.54 mysqld 24491 www-data 20 0 25828 7488 3180 S 1 0.7 0:00.02 apache2 1 root 20 0 2844 1688 544 S 0 0.2 0:01.30 init ... So, I'd like to know, experts of serverfault: Do I really need more RAM at the moment? How do they calculate that for 150 simultaneous connections I'd need 3Gb? Thanks for your help!

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• Has anyone achieved true differential sync with rsync in ESXi?

  - by Julius

  Berate me later on the fact that I'm using the service console to do anything in ESXi... I've got a working rsync binary (v3.0.4) that I can use in ESXi 4.1U1. I tend to use rsync over cp when copying VM's or backups from one local datastore to another local datastore. I've used rsync to copy data from one ESXi box to another but that was just for small files. In now trying to do true differential syncs of backups taken via ghettoVCB between my primary ESXi machine and a secondary one. But even when I do this locally (one datastore to another datastore on the same ESXi machine) rsync appears to copy the files in their entirety. I've got two VMDK's totally 80GB in size, and rsync still takes anywhere between 1 and 2 hours but the VMDK's aren't growing that much daily. Below is the rsync command I'm executing. I am copying locally because ultimately these files will get copied onto a datastore created from a LUN on a remote system. Its not an rsync that'll be serviced by an rsync daemon on a remote system. rsync -avPSI VMBACKUP_2011-06-10_02-27-56/* VMBACKUP_2011-06-01_06-37-11/ --stats --itemize-changes --existing --modify-window=2 --no-whole-file sending incremental file list >f..t...... VM-flat.vmdk 42949672960 100% 15.06MB/s 0:45:20 (xfer#1, to-check=5/6) >f..t...... VM.vmdk 556 100% 4.24kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#2, to-check=4/6) >f..t...... VM.vmx 3327 100% 25.19kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#3, to-check=3/6) >f..t...... VM_1-flat.vmdk 42949672960 100% 12.19MB/s 0:56:01 (xfer#4, to-check=2/6) >f..t...... VM_1.vmdk 558 100% 2.51kB/s 0:00:00 (xfer#5, to-check=1/6) >f..t...... STATUS.ok 30 100% 0.02kB/s 0:00:01 (xfer#6, to-check=0/6) Number of files: 6 Number of files transferred: 6 Total file size: 85899350391 bytes Total transferred file size: 85899350391 bytes Literal data: 2429682778 bytes Matched data: 83469667613 bytes File list size: 129 File list generation time: 0.001 seconds File list transfer time: 0.000 seconds Total bytes sent: 2432530094 Total bytes received: 5243054 sent 2432530094 bytes received 5243054 bytes 295648.92 bytes/sec total size is 85899350391 speedup is 35.24 Is this because ESXi is itself making so many changes to the VMDK's that as far as rsync is concerned the entire file has to be retransmitted? Has anyone actually achieved actual diff sync with ESXi?

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• Why is my concurrency capacity so low for my web app on a LAMP EC2 instance?

  - by AMF

  I come from a web developer background and have been humming along building my PHP app, using the CakePHP framework. The problem arose when I began the ab (Apache Bench) testing on the Amazon EC2 instance in which the app resides. I'm getting pretty horrendous average page load times, even though I'm running a c1.medium instance (2 cores, 2GB RAM), and I think I'm doing everything right. I would run: ab -n 200 -c 20 http://localhost/heavy-but-view-cached-page.php Here are the results: Concurrency Level: 20 Time taken for tests: 48.197 seconds Complete requests: 200 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 392111200 bytes HTML transferred: 392047600 bytes Requests per second: 4.15 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 4819.723 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 240.986 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 7944.88 [Kbytes/sec] received While the ab test is running, I run VMStat, which shows that Swap stays at 0, CPU is constantly at 80-100% (although I'm not sure I can trust this on a VM), RAM utilization ramps up to about 1.6G (leaving 400M free). Load goes up to about 8 and site slows to a crawl. Here's what I think I'm doing right on the code side: In Chrome browser uncached pages typically load in 800-1000ms, and cached pages load in 300-500ms. Not stunning, but not terrible either. Thanks to view caching, there might be at most one DB query per page-load to write session data. So we can rule out a DB bottleneck. I have APC on. I am using Memcached to serve the view cache and other site caches. xhprof code profiler shows that cached pages take up 10MB-40MB in memory and 100ms - 1000ms in wall time. Pages that would be the worst offenders would look something like this in xhprof: Total Incl. Wall Time (microsec): 330,143 microsecs Total Incl. CPU (microsecs): 320,019 microsecs Total Incl. MemUse (bytes): 36,786,192 bytes Total Incl. PeakMemUse (bytes): 46,667,008 bytes Number of Function Calls: 5,195 My Apache config: KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 3 <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 120 MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 </IfModule> Is there something wrong with the server? Some gotcha with the EC2? Or is it my code? Some obvious setting I should look into? Too many DNS lookups? What am I missing? I really want to get to 1,000 concurrency capacity, but at this rate, it ain't gonna happen.

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• FAQ: GridView Calculation with JavaScript - Formatting and Validation

  - by Vincent Maverick Durano

  In my previous post here we've talked about how to calculate the sub-totals and grand total in GridView using JavaScript. In this post I'm going take more step further and will demonstrate how are we going to format the totals into a currency and how to validate the input that would only allow you to enter a whole number in the quantity TextBox. Here are the code blocks below: ASPX Source:   <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head runat="server"> <title></title> <script type="text/javascript"> function CalculateTotals() { var gv = document.getElementById("<%= GridView1.ClientID %>"); var tb = gv.getElementsByTagName("input"); var lb = gv.getElementsByTagName("span"); var sub = 0; var total = 0; var indexQ = 1; var indexP = 0; var price = 0; for (var i = 0; i < tb.length; i++) { if (tb[i].type == "text") { ValidateNumber(tb[i]); price = lb[indexP].innerHTML.replace("$", "").replace(",", ""); sub = parseFloat(price) * parseFloat(tb[i].value); if (isNaN(sub)) { lb[i + indexQ].innerHTML = "0.00"; sub = 0; } else { lb[i + indexQ].innerHTML = FormatToMoney(sub, "$", ",", "."); ; } indexQ++; indexP = indexP + 2; total += parseFloat(sub); } } lb[lb.length - 1].innerHTML = FormatToMoney(total, "$", ",", "."); } function ValidateNumber(o) { if (o.value.length > 0) { o.value = o.value.replace(/[^\d]+/g, ''); //Allow only whole numbers } } function isThousands(position) { if (Math.floor(position / 3) * 3 == position) return true; return false; }; function FormatToMoney(theNumber, theCurrency, theThousands, theDecimal) { var theDecimalDigits = Math.round((theNumber * 100) - (Math.floor(theNumber) * 100)); theDecimalDigits = "" + (theDecimalDigits + "0").substring(0, 2); theNumber = "" + Math.floor(theNumber); var theOutput = theCurrency; for (x = 0; x < theNumber.length; x++) { theOutput += theNumber.substring(x, x + 1); if (isThousands(theNumber.length - x - 1) && (theNumber.length - x - 1 != 0)) { theOutput += theThousands; }; }; theOutput += theDecimal + theDecimalDigits; return theOutput; } </script> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <asp:gridview ID="GridView1" runat="server" ShowFooter="true" AutoGenerateColumns="false"> <Columns> <asp:BoundField DataField="RowNumber" HeaderText="Row Number" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Description" HeaderText="Item Description" /> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Item Price"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="LBLPrice" runat="server" Text='<%# Eval("Price","{0:C}") %>'></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Quantity"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:TextBox ID="TXTQty" runat="server" onkeyup="CalculateTotals();"></asp:TextBox> </ItemTemplate> <FooterTemplate> <b>Total Amount:</b> </FooterTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Sub-Total"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="LBLSubTotal" runat="server" ForeColor="Green" Text="0.00"></asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> <FooterTemplate> <asp:Label ID="LBLTotal" runat="server" ForeColor="Green" Font-Bold="true" Text="0.00"></asp:Label> </FooterTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> </Columns> </asp:gridview> </form> </body> </html> Code Behind Source:   public partial class GridCalculation : System.Web.UI.Page { private void BindDummyDataToGrid() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); DataRow dr = null; dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("RowNumber", typeof(string))); dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Description", typeof(string))); dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Price", typeof(decimal))); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["RowNumber"] = 1; dr["Description"] = "Nike"; dr["Price"] = "1000"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["RowNumber"] = 2; dr["Description"] = "Converse"; dr["Price"] = "800"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["RowNumber"] = 3; dr["Description"] = "Adidas"; dr["Price"] = "500"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["RowNumber"] = 4; dr["Description"] = "Reebok"; dr["Price"] = "750"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["RowNumber"] = 5; dr["Description"] = "Vans"; dr["Price"] = "1100"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dr = dt.NewRow(); dr["RowNumber"] = 6; dr["Description"] = "Fila"; dr["Price"] = "200"; dt.Rows.Add(dr); //Bind the Gridview GridView1.DataSource = dt; GridView1.DataBind(); } protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (!IsPostBack) { BindDummyDataToGrid(); } } } Running the code above will display something like this: On initial load After entering the quantity in the TextBox That's it! I hope someone find this post useful! Technorati Tags: ASP.NET,C#,ADO.NET,JavaScript,GridView

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• links for 2010-03-15

  - by Bob Rhubart

  ComputerworldUK: Morrison boosts IT investment by £200 million "[I]mproving efficiencies in areas such as manufacturing and distribution...helped the company make total savings of £526 million, surpassing its expected cost savings of £460 million. A total £43 million in cost savings was due to the IT investment." -- Anh Nguyen, ComputerworldUK (h/t to Brian Dayton for the link) (tags: oracle investment informationtechnology soasuite fusionmiddleware)

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• SPARC T4-4 Beats 8-CPU IBM POWER7 on TPC-H @3000GB Benchmark

  - by Brian

  Oracle's SPARC T4-4 server delivered a world record TPC-H @3000GB benchmark result for systems with four processors. This result beats eight processor results from IBM (POWER7) and HP (x86). The SPARC T4-4 server also delivered better performance per core than these eight processor systems from IBM and HP. Comparisons below are based upon system to system comparisons, highlighting Oracle's complete software and hardware solution. This database world record result used Oracle's Sun Storage 2540-M2 arrays (rotating disk) connected to a SPARC T4-4 server running Oracle Solaris 11 and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 demonstrating the power of Oracle's integrated hardware and software solution. The SPARC T4-4 server based configuration achieved a TPC-H scale factor 3000 world record for four processor systems of 205,792 QphH@3000GB with price/performance of $4.10/QphH@3000GB. The SPARC T4-4 server with four SPARC T4 processors (total of 32 cores) is 7% faster than the IBM Power 780 server with eight POWER7 processors (total of 32 cores) on the TPC-H @3000GB benchmark. The SPARC T4-4 server is 36% better in price performance compared to the IBM Power 780 server on the TPC-H @3000GB Benchmark. The SPARC T4-4 server is 29% faster than the IBM Power 780 for data loading. The SPARC T4-4 server is up to 3.4 times faster than the IBM Power 780 server for the Refresh Function. The SPARC T4-4 server with four SPARC T4 processors is 27% faster than the HP ProLiant DL980 G7 server with eight x86 processors on the TPC-H @3000GB benchmark. The SPARC T4-4 server is 52% faster than the HP ProLiant DL980 G7 server for data loading. The SPARC T4-4 server is up to 3.2 times faster than the HP ProLiant DL980 G7 for the Refresh Function. The SPARC T4-4 server achieved a peak IO rate from the Oracle database of 17 GB/sec. This rate was independent of the storage used, as demonstrated by the TPC-H @3000TB benchmark which used twelve Sun Storage 2540-M2 arrays (rotating disk) and the TPC-H @1000TB benchmark which used four Sun Storage F5100 Flash Array devices (flash storage). [*] The SPARC T4-4 server showed linear scaling from TPC-H @1000GB to TPC-H @3000GB. This demonstrates that the SPARC T4-4 server can handle the increasingly larger databases required of DSS systems. [*] The SPARC T4-4 server benchmark results demonstrate a complete solution of building Decision Support Systems including data loading, business questions and refreshing data. Each phase usually has a time constraint and the SPARC T4-4 server shows superior performance during each phase. [*] The TPC believes that comparisons of results published with different scale factors are misleading and discourages such comparisons. Performance Landscape The table lists the leading TPC-H @3000GB results for non-clustered systems. TPC-H @3000GB, Non-Clustered Systems System Processor P/C/T – Memory Composite(QphH) $/perf($/QphH) Power(QppH) Throughput(QthH) Database Available SPARC Enterprise M9000 3.0 GHz SPARC64 VII+ 64/256/256 – 1024 GB 386,478.3 $18.19 316,835.8 471,428.6 Oracle 11g R2 09/22/11 SPARC T4-4 3.0 GHz SPARC T4 4/32/256 – 1024 GB 205,792.0 $4.10 190,325.1 222,515.9 Oracle 11g R2 05/31/12 SPARC Enterprise M9000 2.88 GHz SPARC64 VII 32/128/256 – 512 GB 198,907.5 $15.27 182,350.7 216,967.7 Oracle 11g R2 12/09/10 IBM Power 780 4.1 GHz POWER7 8/32/128 – 1024 GB 192,001.1 $6.37 210,368.4 175,237.4 Sybase 15.4 11/30/11 HP ProLiant DL980 G7 2.27 GHz Intel Xeon X7560 8/64/128 – 512 GB 162,601.7 $2.68 185,297.7 142,685.6 SQL Server 2008 10/13/10 P/C/T = Processors, Cores, Threads QphH = the Composite Metric (bigger is better) $/QphH = the Price/Performance metric in USD (smaller is better) QppH = the Power Numerical Quantity QthH = the Throughput Numerical Quantity The following table lists data load times and refresh function times during the power run. TPC-H @3000GB, Non-Clustered Systems Database Load & Database Refresh System Processor Data Loading(h:m:s) T4Advan RF1(sec) T4Advan RF2(sec) T4Advan SPARC T4-4 3.0 GHz SPARC T4 04:08:29 1.0x 67.1 1.0x 39.5 1.0x IBM Power 780 4.1 GHz POWER7 05:51:50 1.5x 147.3 2.2x 133.2 3.4x HP ProLiant DL980 G7 2.27 GHz Intel Xeon X7560 08:35:17 2.1x 173.0 2.6x 126.3 3.2x Data Loading = database load time RF1 = power test first refresh transaction RF2 = power test second refresh transaction T4 Advan = the ratio of time to T4 time Complete benchmark results found at the TPC benchmark website http://www.tpc.org. Configuration Summary and Results Hardware Configuration: SPARC T4-4 server 4 x SPARC T4 3.0 GHz processors (total of 32 cores, 128 threads) 1024 GB memory 8 x internal SAS (8 x 300 GB) disk drives External Storage: 12 x Sun Storage 2540-M2 array storage, each with 12 x 15K RPM 300 GB drives, 2 controllers, 2 GB cache Software Configuration: Oracle Solaris 11 11/11 Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Enterprise Edition Audited Results: Database Size: 3000 GB (Scale Factor 3000) TPC-H Composite: 205,792.0 QphH@3000GB Price/performance: $4.10/QphH@3000GB Available: 05/31/2012 Total 3 year Cost: $843,656 TPC-H Power: 190,325.1 TPC-H Throughput: 222,515.9 Database Load Time: 4:08:29 Benchmark Description The TPC-H benchmark is a performance benchmark established by the Transaction Processing Council (TPC) to demonstrate Data Warehousing/Decision Support Systems (DSS). TPC-H measurements are produced for customers to evaluate the performance of various DSS systems. These queries and updates are executed against a standard database under controlled conditions. Performance projections and comparisons between different TPC-H Database sizes (100GB, 300GB, 1000GB, 3000GB, 10000GB, 30000GB and 100000GB) are not allowed by the TPC. TPC-H is a data warehousing-oriented, non-industry-specific benchmark that consists of a large number of complex queries typical of decision support applications. It also includes some insert and delete activity that is intended to simulate loading and purging data from a warehouse. TPC-H measures the combined performance of a particular database manager on a specific computer system. The main performance metric reported by TPC-H is called the TPC-H Composite Query-per-Hour Performance Metric (QphH@SF, where SF is the number of GB of raw data, referred to as the scale factor). QphH@SF is intended to summarize the ability of the system to process queries in both single and multiple user modes. The benchmark requires reporting of price/performance, which is the ratio of the total HW/SW cost plus 3 years maintenance to the QphH. A secondary metric is the storage efficiency, which is the ratio of total configured disk space in GB to the scale factor. Key Points and Best Practices Twelve Sun Storage 2540-M2 arrays were used for the benchmark. Each Sun Storage 2540-M2 array contains 12 15K RPM drives and is connected to a single dual port 8Gb FC HBA using 2 ports. Each Sun Storage 2540-M2 array showed 1.5 GB/sec for sequential read operations and showed linear scaling, achieving 18 GB/sec with twelve Sun Storage 2540-M2 arrays. These were stand alone IO tests. The peak IO rate measured from the Oracle database was 17 GB/sec. Oracle Solaris 11 11/11 required very little system tuning. Some vendors try to make the point that storage ratios are of customer concern. However, storage ratio size has more to do with disk layout and the increasing capacities of disks – so this is not an important metric in which to compare systems. The SPARC T4-4 server and Oracle Solaris efficiently managed the system load of over one thousand Oracle Database parallel processes. Six Sun Storage 2540-M2 arrays were mirrored to another six Sun Storage 2540-M2 arrays on which all of the Oracle database files were placed. IO performance was high and balanced across all the arrays. The TPC-H Refresh Function (RF) simulates periodical refresh portion of Data Warehouse by adding new sales and deleting old sales data. Parallel DML (parallel insert and delete in this case) and database log performance are a key for this function and the SPARC T4-4 server outperformed both the IBM POWER7 server and HP ProLiant DL980 G7 server. (See the RF columns above.) See Also Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) Home Page Ideas International Benchmark Page SPARC T4-4 Server oracle.com OTN Oracle Solaris oracle.com OTN Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Enterprise Edition oracle.com OTN Sun Storage 2540-M2 Array oracle.com OTN Disclosure Statement TPC-H, QphH, $/QphH are trademarks of Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC). For more information, see www.tpc.org. SPARC T4-4 205,792.0 QphH@3000GB, $4.10/QphH@3000GB, available 5/31/12, 4 processors, 32 cores, 256 threads; IBM Power 780 QphH@3000GB, 192,001.1 QphH@3000GB, $6.37/QphH@3000GB, available 11/30/11, 8 processors, 32 cores, 128 threads; HP ProLiant DL980 G7 162,601.7 QphH@3000GB, $2.68/QphH@3000GB available 10/13/10, 8 processors, 64 cores, 128 threads.

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• Raid 5 mdadm Problem - Help Please

  - by user66260

  My Raid 5 array (4 1tb Disks WD10EARS) had was showing as degraded. I looked and one of the disks wasnt installed, so i re-added it with the mdadm add command. the array is now showing as (null)Array , but cant be mounted if i run: root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# sudo mdadm --misc --detail /dev/md0 I get: mdadm: cannot open /dev/md0: No such file or directory and running: root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# cat /proc/mdstat gives me: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] unused devices: < none > The data is very important root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sda /dev/sda: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b792 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b7a0 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# oot@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sdc /dev/sdc: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b7b4 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd root@warren-P5K-E:/home/warren# mdadm --examine /dev/sdd /dev/sdd: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 00000000:00000000:00000000:00000000 Creation Time : Sat May 26 12:08:14 2012 Raid Level : -unknown- Raid Devices : 0 Total Devices : 4 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Sat May 26 12:08:40 2012 State : active Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 4 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 4 Checksum : 82d5b7c6 - correct Events : 1 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd 0 0 8 16 0 spare /dev/sdb 1 1 8 0 1 spare /dev/sda 2 2 8 32 2 spare /dev/sdc 3 3 8 48 3 spare /dev/sdd That on the 4 drives.

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• Ubuntu 12.04 does not recognize Kingston DT108 16GB memory

  - by aceqott

  I bought a Kingston DT108 16GB and Ubuntu did not recognize it.What should i do?? Output of dmesg | tail after connecting pen drive [ 1455.253010] CPU5: Package power limit notification (total events = 488) [ 1455.253013] CPU1: Package power limit notification (total events = 489) [ 1455.263966] CPU4: Package power limit normal [ 1455.263969] CPU2: Package power limit normal [ 1455.263972] CPU0: Package power limit normal [ 1455.263975] CPU6: Package power limit normal [ 1455.263998] CPU1: Package power limit normal [ 1455.264001] CPU5: Package power limit normal [ 1455.264004] CPU7: Package power limit normal [ 1455.264007] CPU3: Package power limit normal

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• How do I stop icons appearing on the desktop in a particular area?

  - by Seamus

  When I download something to my desktop, or insert a CD or flash drive, the icon appears on my desktop. When I have conky running, the icon sometimes appears in the top right corner, underneath conky; where I can't see it. How do I stop this happening? My .conkyrc is pasted below. I didn't write it all myself, so I'm not entirely sure what I need to change, or what parts are relevant for this particular question... # UBUNTU-CONKY # A comprehensive conky script, configured for use on # Ubuntu / Debian Gnome, without the need for any external scripts. # # Based on conky-jc and the default .conkyrc. # INCLUDES: # - tail of /var/log/messages # - netstat shows number of connections from your computer and application/PID making it. Kill spyware! # # -- Pengo # # Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus) own_window yes own_window_type override own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager # Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone) double_buffer yes # fiddle with window use_spacer right # Use Xft? use_xft yes xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=8 xftalpha 0.8 text_buffer_size 2048 # Update interval in seconds update_interval 3.0 # Minimum size of text area # minimum_size 250 5 # Draw shades? draw_shades no # Text stuff draw_outline no # amplifies text if yes draw_borders no uppercase no # set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase # Stippled borders? stippled_borders 3 # border margins border_margin 9 # border width border_width 10 # Default colors and also border colors, grey90 == #e5e5e5 default_color grey own_window_colour brown own_window_transparent yes # Text alignment, other possible values are commented #alignment top_left alignment top_right #alignment bottom_left #alignment bottom_right # Gap between borders of screen and text gap_x 10 gap_y 20 # stuff after 'TEXT' will be formatted on screen TEXT $color ${color orange}SYSTEM ${hr 2}$color $nodename $sysname $kernel on $machine ${color orange}CPU ${hr 2}$color ${freq}MHz Load: ${loadavg} Temp: ${acpitemp} $cpubar ${cpugraph 000000 ffffff} NAME ${goto 150}PID ${goto 200}CPU% ${goto 250}MEM% ${top name 1} ${goto 150}${top pid 1} ${goto 200}${top cpu 1} ${goto 250}${top mem 1} ${top name 2} ${goto 150}${top pid 2} ${goto 200}${top cpu 2} ${goto 250}${top mem 2} ${top name 3} ${goto 150}${top pid 3} ${goto 200}${top cpu 3} ${goto 250}${top mem 3} ${top name 4} ${goto 150}${top pid 4} ${goto 200}${top cpu 4} ${goto 250}${top mem 4} ${color orange}MEMORY / DISK ${hr 2}$color RAM: $memperc% ${membar 6}$color Swap: $swapperc% ${swapbar 6}$color Home: ${fs_free_perc /home}% ${fs_bar 6 /}$color Free Space: ${fs_free /home} ${color orange}NETWORK (${addr eth0}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed eth0} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed eth0} k/s ${downspeedgraph eth0 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph eth0 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown eth0} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup eth0} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr} ${color orange}WIRELESS (${addr wlan0}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed wlan0} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed wlan0} k/s ${downspeedgraph wlan0 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph wlan0 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown wlan0} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup wlan0} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr} Conky solutions have been offered, but perhaps these aren't the best way of approaching it. What I really want is to stop icons even appearing in that part of the desktop window: that is, I want to make part of the desktop real estate "off-limits" to new icons appearing on the desktop.

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• How do I stop icons appearing on the desktop under conky?

  - by Seamus

  When I download something to my desktop, or insert a CD or flash drive, the icon appears on my desktop. When I have conky running, the icon sometimes appears in the top right corner, underneath conky; where I can't see it. How do I stop this happening? My .conkyrc is pasted below. I didn't write it all myself, so I'm not entirely sure what I need to change, or what parts are relevant for this particular question... # UBUNTU-CONKY # A comprehensive conky script, configured for use on # Ubuntu / Debian Gnome, without the need for any external scripts. # # Based on conky-jc and the default .conkyrc. # INCLUDES: # - tail of /var/log/messages # - netstat shows number of connections from your computer and application/PID making it. Kill spyware! # # -- Pengo # # Create own window instead of using desktop (required in nautilus) own_window yes own_window_type override own_window_transparent yes own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager # Use double buffering (reduces flicker, may not work for everyone) double_buffer yes # fiddle with window use_spacer right # Use Xft? use_xft yes xftfont DejaVu Sans:size=8 xftalpha 0.8 text_buffer_size 2048 # Update interval in seconds update_interval 3.0 # Minimum size of text area # minimum_size 250 5 # Draw shades? draw_shades no # Text stuff draw_outline no # amplifies text if yes draw_borders no uppercase no # set to yes if you want all text to be in uppercase # Stippled borders? stippled_borders 3 # border margins border_margin 9 # border width border_width 10 # Default colors and also border colors, grey90 == #e5e5e5 default_color grey own_window_colour brown own_window_transparent yes # Text alignment, other possible values are commented #alignment top_left alignment top_right #alignment bottom_left #alignment bottom_right # Gap between borders of screen and text gap_x 10 gap_y 20 # stuff after 'TEXT' will be formatted on screen TEXT $color ${color orange}SYSTEM ${hr 2}$color $nodename $sysname $kernel on $machine ${color orange}CPU ${hr 2}$color ${freq}MHz Load: ${loadavg} Temp: ${acpitemp} $cpubar ${cpugraph 000000 ffffff} NAME ${goto 150}PID ${goto 200}CPU% ${goto 250}MEM% ${top name 1} ${goto 150}${top pid 1} ${goto 200}${top cpu 1} ${goto 250}${top mem 1} ${top name 2} ${goto 150}${top pid 2} ${goto 200}${top cpu 2} ${goto 250}${top mem 2} ${top name 3} ${goto 150}${top pid 3} ${goto 200}${top cpu 3} ${goto 250}${top mem 3} ${top name 4} ${goto 150}${top pid 4} ${goto 200}${top cpu 4} ${goto 250}${top mem 4} ${color orange}MEMORY / DISK ${hr 2}$color RAM: $memperc% ${membar 6}$color Swap: $swapperc% ${swapbar 6}$color Home: ${fs_free_perc /home}% ${fs_bar 6 /}$color Free Space: ${fs_free /home} ${color orange}NETWORK (${addr eth0}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed eth0} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed eth0} k/s ${downspeedgraph eth0 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph eth0 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown eth0} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup eth0} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr} ${color orange}WIRELESS (${addr wlan0}) ${hr 2}$color Down: $color${downspeed wlan0} k/s ${alignr}Up: ${upspeed wlan0} k/s ${downspeedgraph wlan0 25,140 000000 ff0000} ${alignr}${upspeedgraph wlan0 25,140 000000 00ff00}$color Total: ${totaldown wlan0} ${alignr}Total: ${totalup wlan0} ${execi 30 netstat -ept | grep ESTAB | awk '{print $9}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr}

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• Code Line Delimiter [closed]

  - by John Isaiah Carmona

  Possible Duplicate: Why are statements in many programming languages terminated by semicolons? I just found out that R Programming Language, which is somewhat belong to the C family (I'm not sure about this but it uses {} instead of begin end), uses a new line as a delimiter for a new line of code instead of the semi-colon ;. Why is some programming language designed to use a new line instead of a symbol like semi-colon which I think will make the code more readable? Phyton total = item_one + \ item_two + \ item_three C total = item_one + item_two + item_three;

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• Search Engine Optimization - Myths People Have About Getting Traffic to Their Site on Autopilot

  When it comes to getting traffic to your site from the search engines, most people think that you can just automatically get visitors on total autopilot from the search engines. The problem with theory is that it is not true! In this article I want to show you the myths people have about getting traffic to their site on total autopilot from the search engines.

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• LAG function – practical use and comparison to old syntax

  - by Michael Zilberstein

  Recently I had to analyze huge trace – 46GB of trc files. Looping over files I loaded them into trace table using fn_trace_gettable function and filters I could use in order to filter out irrelevant data. I ended up with 6.5 million rows table, total of 7.4GB in size. It contained RowNum column which was defined as identity, primary key, clustered. One of the first things I detected was that although time difference between first and last events in the trace was 10 hours, total duration of all sql...(read more)

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• Large uploaded file won't display in Ubuntu One but is included in file usage

  - by user1488963

  On Ubuntu 10.04, I uploaded a single 711 MB. My total file usage in Ubuntu One went up to 877MB, which is about right, but the file doesn't show in Ubuntu One so I can't download or delete it. Either the file is there and I can't see it for some reason. Or the file is not there and the total file usage figure is wrong. Does anyone know what has happened? I have a free account but am well below my 5GB limit.

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• LAG function – practical use and comparison to old syntax

  - by Michael Zilberstein

  Recently I had to analyze huge trace – 46GB of trc files. Looping over files I loaded them into trace table using fn_trace_gettable function and filters I could use in order to filter out irrelevant data. I ended up with 6.5 million rows table, total of 7.4GB in size. It contained RowNum column which was defined as identity, primary key, clustered. One of the first things I detected was that although time difference between first and last events in the trace was 10 hours, total duration of all sql...(read more)

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• Native PHP vs exec()

  - by resting

  Just wondering, assuming no security issues, that is, you're in total control of the command passed to exec(), is there a difference (in terms of speed or standards) between using exec() vs native PHP? Example just to name a few use cases: Using the DirectoryIterator vs exec(ls -1, $output), to list all files. List 100 files from the 99th file onwards (that is, file 100 to 199) Count total number of files in directory.

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• special case ssh connection lag

  - by Hersheezy

  Setup We have a DMZ and LAN in our office that are connected to the outside with the following setup: +------+ | |------> LAN (normal office router) |Modem | | |------> DMZ (a single machine) +------+ Our internet account is with Comcast and we have 5 status IPs, one of which points to the single machine in the DMZ. Problem ssh connections initiated ANYWHERE EXCEPT the office LAN are really fast. However, from the LAN, there is about a 5 second delay. WTF?? Extra info The DMZ machine is debian 5. Executing a wget to the DMZ has no lag. When executing the following, everything up to HERE IS WHERE THE LAG IS INCURRED executes immediately. ssh -vvvv [email protected] ... debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1015 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1063 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_rsa (0x22440830) debug2: key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1127` HERE IS WHERE THE LAG IS INCURRED debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 368 bytes for a total of 1495 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /home/shopkins/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/shopkins/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password:

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• 1GB cached memory - Do I need more RAM?

  - by Martin

  The server runs well but I wonder if I should get more RAM. I only have a few MB of "free" memory and 1.2GB of "cached" memory: free: total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3945 3893 51 0 28 1216 -/+ buffers/cache: 2648 1296 Swap: 3895 857 3038 I learned that cached memory is used while it's free and not. Is the cached value an indicator for the need of more RAM? cat /proc/meminfo 1 day after flushing the cache: MemTotal: 4040048 kB MemFree: 32844 kB Buffers: 18956 kB Cached: 1249092 kB SwapCached: 161576 kB Active: 3611328 kB Inactive: 189104 kB SwapTotal: 3989496 kB SwapFree: 2894200 kB Dirty: 20520 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 2523496 kB Mapped: 217744 kB Slab: 70940 kB SReclaimable: 36756 kB SUnreclaim: 34184 kB PageTables: 99648 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB CommitLimit: 6009520 kB Committed_AS: 6401716 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 18852 kB VmallocChunk: 34359719439 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB top: top - 17:20:10 up 112 days, 3:06, 1 user, load average: 1.01, 1.62, 1.48 Tasks: 208 total, 1 running, 207 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.6%us, 0.6%sy, 0.0%ni, 97.5%id, 1.3%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 4040048k total, 3953108k used, 86940k free, 16348k buffers Swap: 3989496k total, 1095712k used, 2893784k free, 1235436k cached

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• High Load mysql on Debian server stops every day. Why?

  - by Oleg Abrazhaev

  I have Debian server with 32 gb memory. And there is apache2, memcached and nginx on this server. Memory load always on maximum. Only 500m free. Most memory leak do MySql. Apache only 70 clients configured, other services small memory usage. When mysql use all memory it stops. And nothing works, need mysql reboot. Mysql configured use maximum 24 gb memory. I have hight weight InnoDB bases. (400000 rows, 30 gb). And on server multithread daemon, that makes many inserts in this tables, thats why InnoDB. There is my mysql config. [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # default-time-zone = "+04:00" user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp language = /usr/share/mysql/english skip-external-locking default-time-zone='Europe/Moscow' # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. # # * Fine Tuning # #low_priority_updates = 1 concurrent_insert = ALWAYS wait_timeout = 600 interactive_timeout = 600 #normal key_buffer_size = 2024M #key_buffer_size = 1512M #70% hot cache key_cache_division_limit= 70 #16-32 max_allowed_packet = 32M #1-16M thread_stack = 8M #40-50 thread_cache_size = 50 #orderby groupby sort sort_buffer_size = 64M #same myisam_sort_buffer_size = 400M #temp table creates when group_by tmp_table_size = 3000M #tables in memory max_heap_table_size = 3000M #on disk open_files_limit = 10000 table_cache = 10000 join_buffer_size = 5M # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #myisam_use_mmap = 1 max_connections = 200 thread_concurrency = 8 # # * Query Cache Configuration # #more ignored query_cache_limit = 50M query_cache_size = 210M #on query cache query_cache_type = 1 # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. #log = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log # # Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement :) # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log long_query_time = 1 log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log server-id = 1 log-bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin #replicate-do-db = gate log-bin-index = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index log-error = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.err relay-log = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin.info relay-log-index = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin.index binlog_do_db = 24avia expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M read_buffer_size = 4024288 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5000M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 table_definition_cache = 2000 group_concat_max_len = 16M #binlog_do_db = gate #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * BerkeleyDB # # Using BerkeleyDB is now discouraged as its support will cease in 5.1.12. #skip-bdb # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # You might want to disable InnoDB to shrink the mysqld process by circa 100MB. #skip-innodb # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 500M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 32M key_buffer_size = 512M # # * NDB Cluster # # See /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-*/README.Debian for more information. # # The following configuration is read by the NDB Data Nodes (ndbd processes) # not from the NDB Management Nodes (ndb_mgmd processes). # # [MYSQL_CLUSTER] # ndb-connectstring=127.0.0.1 # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ Please, help me make it stable. Memory used /etc/mysql # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 32930800 32766424 164376 0 139208 23829196 -/+ buffers/cache: 8798020 24132780 Swap: 33553328 44660 33508668 Maybe my problem not in memory, but MySQL stops every day. As you can see, cache memory free 24 gb. Thank to Michael Hampton? for correction. Load overage on server 3.5. Maybe hdd or another problem? Maybe my config not optimal for 30gb InnoDB ? I'm already try mysqltuner and tunung-primer.sh , but they marked all green. Mysqltuner output mysqltuner >> MySQLTuner 1.0.1 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.5.24-9-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: -Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 112G (Tables: 1528) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 39G (Tables: 340) [--] Data in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables: 0B (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 344 -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 8h 18m 33s (14M q [478.333 qps], 259K conn, TX: 9B, RX: 5B) [--] Reads / Writes: 84% / 16% [--] Total buffers: 10.5G global + 81.1M per thread (200 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 26.3G (83% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 1% (259K/14M) [!!] Highest connection usage: 100% (201/200) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 1.5G/5.6G [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (6B cached / 1M reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 74.3% (8M cached / 11M selects) [OK] Query cache prunes per day: 0 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 247K sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 106025 [!!] Temporary tables created on disk: 49% (351K on disk / 715K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (249 created / 259K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 15% (2K open / 13K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 15% (3K/20K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (4M immediate / 4M locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 39.4G/5.9G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Reduce or eliminate persistent connections to reduce connection usage Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Temporary table size is already large - reduce result set size Reduce your SELECT DISTINCT queries without LIMIT clauses Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: max_connections (> 200) wait_timeout (< 600) interactive_timeout (< 600) join_buffer_size (> 5.0M, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache (> 10000) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 39G) Mysql primer output -- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER -- - By: Matthew Montgomery - MySQL Version 5.5.24-9-log x86_64 Uptime = 0 days 8 hrs 20 min 50 sec Avg. qps = 478 Total Questions = 14369568 Threads Connected = 16 Warning: Server has not been running for at least 48hrs. It may not be safe to use these recommendations To find out more information on how each of these runtime variables effects performance visit: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-system-variables.html Visit http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html for info about MySQL's Enterprise Monitoring and Advisory Service SLOW QUERIES The slow query log is enabled. Current long_query_time = 1.000000 sec. You have 260626 out of 14369701 that take longer than 1.000000 sec. to complete Your long_query_time seems to be fine BINARY UPDATE LOG The binary update log is enabled Binlog sync is not enabled, you could loose binlog records during a server crash WORKER THREADS Current thread_cache_size = 50 Current threads_cached = 45 Current threads_per_sec = 0 Historic threads_per_sec = 0 Your thread_cache_size is fine MAX CONNECTIONS Current max_connections = 200 Current threads_connected = 11 Historic max_used_connections = 201 The number of used connections is 100% of the configured maximum. You should raise max_connections INNODB STATUS Current InnoDB index space = 214 M Current InnoDB data space = 39.40 G Current InnoDB buffer pool free = 0 % Current innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5.85 G Depending on how much space your innodb indexes take up it may be safe to increase this value to up to 2 / 3 of total system memory MEMORY USAGE Max Memory Ever Allocated : 23.46 G Configured Max Per-thread Buffers : 15.84 G Configured Max Global Buffers : 7.54 G Configured Max Memory Limit : 23.39 G Physical Memory : 31.40 G Max memory limit seem to be within acceptable norms KEY BUFFER Current MyISAM index space = 5.61 G Current key_buffer_size = 1.47 G Key cache miss rate is 1 : 5578 Key buffer free ratio = 77 % Your key_buffer_size seems to be fine QUERY CACHE Query cache is enabled Current query_cache_size = 200 M Current query_cache_used = 101 M Current query_cache_limit = 50 M Current Query cache Memory fill ratio = 50.59 % Current query_cache_min_res_unit = 4 K MySQL won't cache query results that are larger than query_cache_limit in size SORT OPERATIONS Current sort_buffer_size = 64 M Current read_rnd_buffer_size = 256 K Sort buffer seems to be fine JOINS Current join_buffer_size = 5.00 M You have had 106606 queries where a join could not use an index properly You have had 8 joins without keys that check for key usage after each row join_buffer_size >= 4 M This is not advised You should enable "log-queries-not-using-indexes" Then look for non indexed joins in the slow query log. OPEN FILES LIMIT Current open_files_limit = 20210 files The open_files_limit should typically be set to at least 2x-3x that of table_cache if you have heavy MyISAM usage. Your open_files_limit value seems to be fine TABLE CACHE Current table_open_cache = 10000 tables Current table_definition_cache = 2000 tables You have a total of 1910 tables You have 2151 open tables. The table_cache value seems to be fine TEMP TABLES Current max_heap_table_size = 2.92 G Current tmp_table_size = 2.92 G Of 366426 temp tables, 49% were created on disk Perhaps you should increase your tmp_table_size and/or max_heap_table_size to reduce the number of disk-based temporary tables Note! BLOB and TEXT columns are not allow in memory tables. If you are using these columns raising these values might not impact your ratio of on disk temp tables. TABLE SCANS Current read_buffer_size = 3 M Current table scan ratio = 2846 : 1 read_buffer_size seems to be fine TABLE LOCKING Current Lock Wait ratio = 1 : 185 You may benefit from selective use of InnoDB. If you have long running SELECT's against MyISAM tables and perform frequent updates consider setting 'low_priority_updates=1'

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• Passwordless SSH not working - keys copied and permissions set

  - by Comcar

  I know this question has been asked, but I'm certain I've done what all the other answers suggest. Machine A: used keygen -t rsa to create id_rsa.pub in ~/.ssh/ copied Machine A's id_rsa.pub to Machine B user's home directory Made the file permissions of id_rsa.pub 600 Machine B added Machine A's pub key to authorised_keys and authorised_keys2: cat ~/id_rsa.pub ~/.ssh/authorised_keys2 made the file permissions of id_rsa.pub 600 I've also ensured both the .ssh directories have the permission 700 on both machine A and B. If I try to login to machine B from machine A, I get asked for the password, not the ssh pass phrase. I've got the root users on both machines to talk to each other using password-less ssh, but I can't get a normal user to do it. Do the user names have to be the same on both sides? Or is there some setting else where I've missed. Machine A is a Ubuntu 10.04 virtual machine running inside VirtualBox on a Windows 7 PC, Machine B is a dedicated Ubuntu 9.10 server UPDATE : I've run ssh with the option -vvv, which provides many many lines of output, but this is the last few commands: debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: filename /home/pete/.ssh/known_hosts debug3: check_host_in_hostfile: match line 1 debug1: Host '192.168.1.19' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/pete/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 504/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug3: Wrote 16 bytes for a total of 1015 debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug3: Wrote 48 bytes for a total of 1063 debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/identity ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_rsa (0x7ffe1baab9d0) debug2: key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug3: Wrote 64 bytes for a total of 1127 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,gssapi,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /home/pete/.ssh/identity debug3: no such identity: /home/pete/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug3: Wrote 368 bytes for a total of 1495 debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/pete/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password

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• Nginx Slower than Apache??

  - by ichilton

  Hi, I've just setup 2x identical Rackspace Cloud instances and am doing some comparisons and benchmarks to compare Apache and Nginx. I'm testing with a 3.4k png file and initially 512MB server instances but have now moved to 1024MB server instances. I'm very surprised to see that whatever I try, Apache seems to consistently outperform Nginx....what am I doing wrong? Nginx: Server Software: nginx/0.8.54 Server Port: 80 Document Length: 3400 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 2.320 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 3612000 bytes HTML transferred: 3400000 bytes Requests per second: 431.01 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 232.014 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 2.320 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1520.31 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 11 15.7 3 120 Processing: 1 35 76.9 20 1674 Waiting: 1 31 73.0 19 1674 Total: 1 46 79.1 21 1693 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 21 66% 39 75% 40 80% 40 90% 98 95% 136 98% 269 99% 334 100% 1693 (longest request) And Apache: Server Software: Apache/2.2.16 Server Port: 80 Document Length: 3400 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 1.346 seconds Complete requests: 1000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Total transferred: 3647000 bytes HTML transferred: 3400000 bytes Requests per second: 742.90 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 134.608 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.346 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2645.85 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 1 3.7 0 27 Processing: 0 3 6.2 1 29 Waiting: 0 2 5.0 1 29 Total: 1 4 7.0 1 29 Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms) 50% 1 66% 1 75% 1 80% 1 90% 17 95% 19 98% 26 99% 27 100% 29 (longest request) I'm currently using worker_processes 4; and worker_connections 1024; but i've tried and benchmarked different values and see the same behaviour on all - I just can't get it to perform as well as Apache and from what i've read previously, i'm shocked about this! Can anyone give any advice? Thanks, Ian

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• Windows Feature List blank, Updates fail, system readiness tool says files are corrupt

  - by Chris T

  I tried to install IIS and to my surprise the feature/components lists was blank =[. I tried the system update readiness tool and it creates the following log: ================================= Checking System Update Readiness. Binary Version 6.1.7100.4104 Package Version 5.0 2009-09-30 23:38 Checking Deployment Packages Checking Package Manifests and catalogs. (f) CBS MUM Corrupt 0x800F0900 servicing\packages\Package_1_for_KB973540~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.0.mum Line 1: (f) CBS Catalog Corrupt 0x800B0100 servicing\packages\Package_1_for_KB973540~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.0.cat (f) CBS MUM Corrupt 0x800F0900 servicing\packages\Package_for_KB973540_RTM~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.0.mum Line 1: (f) CBS Catalog Corrupt 0x800B0100 servicing\packages\Package_for_KB973540_RTM~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.0.cat (f) CBS MUM Corrupt 0x800F0900 servicing\packages\Package_for_KB973540~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.0.mum Line 1: (f) CBS Catalog Corrupt 0x800B0100 servicing\packages\Package_for_KB973540~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~6.1.1.0.cat Checking package watchlist. Checking component watchlist. Checking packages. Checking component store (f) CSI Catalog Corrupt 0x800B0003 winsxs\Catalogs\efdfd17ac9909b9d81e1455d9abf291319237877c23df8a67a3f5a1f2f9e034f.cat 5fbf0b9691b..6772f1b0a58_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7100.4127_c2160c1f90006ee6 (f) CSI Manifest All Zeros 0x00000000 WinSxS\Manifests\amd64_microsoft-windows-mediaplayer-wmpdxm_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7100.4127_none_35ba254677b2a294.manifest amd64_microsoft-windows-mediaplayer-wmpdxm_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7100.4127_none_35ba254677b2a294 (f) CSI Manifest All Zeros 0x00000000 WinSxS\Manifests\wow64_microsoft-windows-mediaplayer-wmpdxm_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7100.4127_none_400ecf98ac13648f.manifest wow64_microsoft-windows-mediaplayer-wmpdxm_31bf3856ad364e35_6.1.7100.4127_none_400ecf98ac13648f Summary: Seconds executed: 240 Found 9 errors CSI Manifest All Zeros Total Count: 2 CSI Catalog Corrupt Total Count: 1 CBS MUM Corrupt Total Count: 3 CBS Catalog Corrupt Total Count: 3 How can I fix this?

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• Apache process consumes too much CPU

  - by Niro

  I have an ubuntu apache/php server running php doing appx 100 hits/sec and a PHP cron running in the background. I get occasionally high CPU load on one of the Apache processes which stays high regardless of traffic or cron activity. It seems to me that its stuck in some kind of loop or something. Below you will find the top and strace info. How can I find where the bad code is and what causes this? top - 14:45:24 up 3 days, 3:38, 1 user, load average: 5.10, 5.88, 5.85 Tasks: 163 total, 5 running, 158 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 47.8%us, 18.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 10.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.8%si, 21.6%st Mem: 7885012k total, 3858484k used, 4026528k free, 177444k buffers Swap: 0k total, 0k used, 0k free, 1037868k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10736 www-data 20 0 769m 559m 478m R 69 7.3 29:08.30 apache2 10844 www-data 20 0 824m 601m 492m S 17 7.8 4:37.90 apache2 1016 root 20 0 242m 25m 4628 S 6 0.3 162:07.93 scalarizr 9030 www-data 20 0 879m 619m 492m S 4 8.0 5:06.82 apache2 20216 www-data 20 0 747m 228m 170m S 4 3.0 0:01.94 apache2 10807 www-data 20 0 814m 584m 492m S 3 7.6 4:54.10 apache2 10455 www-data 20 0 831m 574m 492m S 3 7.5 4:32.65 apache2 10495 www-data 20 0 849m 592m 492m S 3 7.7 4:41.10 apache2 10884 www-data 20 0 840m 581m 492m S 3 7.6 4:25.06 apache2 ^CProcess 10736 detached % time seconds usecs/call calls errors syscall ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 74.55 0.148052 1 109755 gettimeofday 25.36 0.050370 0 164634 clock_gettime 0.09 0.000178 0 54878 poll ------ ----------- ----------- --------- --------- ---------------- 100.00 0.198600 329267 total root@ec2-67-202-54-36:~# ^C

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• AWS elastic load balancer basic issues

  - by Jones

  I have an array of EC2 t1.micro instances behind a load balancer and each node can manage ~100 concurrent users before it starts to get wonky. i would THINK if i have 2 such instances it would allow my network to manage 200 concurrent users... apparently not. When i really slam the server (blitz.io) with a full 275 concurrents, it behaves the same as if there is just one node. it goes from 400ms response time to 1.6 seconds (which for a single t1.micro is expected, but not 6). So the question is, am i simply not doing something right or is ELB effectively worthless? Anyone have some wisdom on this? AB logs: Loadbalancer (3x m1.medium) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 11.668 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 4285.10 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 23.337 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.233 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 1661.35 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 2 4.3 2 63 Processing: 2 21 15.1 19 302 Waiting: 2 21 15.0 19 261 Total: 3 23 15.7 21 304 Single instance (1x m1.medium direct connection) Document Path: /ping/index.html Document Length: 185 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 9.597 seconds Complete requests: 50000 Failed requests: 0 Write errors: 0 Non-2xx responses: 50001 Total transferred: 19850397 bytes HTML transferred: 9250185 bytes Requests per second: 5210.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 19.193 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.192 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 2020.01 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 1 9 128.9 3 3010 Processing: 1 10 8.7 9 141 Waiting: 1 9 8.7 8 140 Total: 2 19 129.0 12 3020

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• Debian x86_64 + Nginx + PHP5-FPM optimization

  - by Olal'a

  I used to have a VPS (512MB) from Linode and I was running nginx + php5-fpm (which comes with php5.3.3) on Debian Lenny (i686). The total memory usage was about 90-100MB. Now I have another VPS (different hosting company) and I also run nginx + php5-fpm on Debian Lenny (x86_64). The system is 64-bit, so the memory usage is higher now, about 210-230MB, which I think is too much. Here is my php5-fpm.conf: pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 pm.max_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_requests = 300 That's what top command tells me: top - 15:36:58 up 3 days, 16:05, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 209 total, 1 running, 208 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 99.9%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 532288k total, 469628k used, 62660k free, 28760k buffers Swap: 1048568k total, 408k used, 1048160k free, 210060k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 22806 www-data 20 0 178m 67m 31m S 1 13.1 0:05.02 php5-fpm 8980 mysql 20 0 241m 55m 7384 S 0 10.6 2:42.42 mysqld 22807 www-data 20 0 162m 43m 22m S 0 8.3 0:04.84 php5-fpm 22808 www-data 20 0 160m 41m 23m S 0 8.0 0:04.68 php5-fpm 25102 www-data 20 0 151m 30m 21m S 0 5.9 0:00.80 php5-fpm 10849 root 20 0 44100 8352 1808 S 0 1.6 0:03.16 munin-node 22805 root 20 0 145m 4712 1472 S 0 0.9 0:00.16 php5-fpm 21859 root 20 0 66168 3248 2540 S 1 0.6 0:00.02 sshd 21863 root 20 0 66028 3188 2548 S 0 0.6 0:00.06 sshd 3956 www-data 20 0 31756 3052 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3954 www-data 20 0 31712 3036 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.74 nginx 3951 www-data 20 0 31712 3008 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.42 nginx 3957 www-data 20 0 31688 2992 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.56 nginx 3950 www-data 20 0 31676 2980 928 S 0 0.6 0:06.72 nginx 3955 www-data 20 0 31552 2896 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.56 nginx 3953 www-data 20 0 31552 2888 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.42 nginx 3952 www-data 20 0 31544 2880 928 S 0 0.5 0:06.60 nginx So, the question is there any way to use less memory? Btw, I have 16 cores and it would be nice to make use of them...

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