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  • How to Overcome or fix MIXED_DML_OPERATION error in Salesforce APEX without future method ?

    - by sathya
    How to Overcome or fix MIXED_DML_OPERATION error in Salesforce APEX without future method ?MIXED_DML_OPERATION :-one of the worst issues we have ever faced :)While trying to perform DML operation on a setup object and non-setup object in a single action you will face this error.Following are the solutions I tried and the final one worked out :-1. perform the 1st objects DML on normal apex method. Then Call the 2nd objects DML through a future method.    Drawback :- You cant get a response from the future method as its context is different and because its executing asynchronously and that its static.2. Tried the following option but it didnt work :-    1. perform the dml operation on the normal apex method.    2. tried calling the 2nd dml from trigger thinking that it would be in a different context. But it didnt work.    3. Some suggestions were given in some blogs that we could try System.runas()   Unfortunately that works only for test class.   4. Finally achieved it with response synchronously through the following solution :-    a. Created 2 apex:commandbuttons :-        1. <apex:commandButton value="Save and Send Activation Email" action="{!CreateContact}"  rerender="junkpanel" oncomplete="callSimulateUserSave()">            Note :- Oncomplete will not work if you dont have a rerender attribute. So just try refreshing a junk panel.        2. <apex:commandButton value="SimulateUserSave" id="SimulateUserSave" action="{!SaveUser}"  style="display:none;margin-left:5px;"/>        Have a junk panel as well just for rerendering  :-        <apex:outputPanel id="junkpanel"></apex:outputPanel>    b. Created this javascript function which is called from first button's oncomplete and clicks the second button :-                function callSimulateUserSave()                {                    // Specify the id of the button that needs to be clicked. This id is based on the Apex Component Hierarchy.                    // You will not get this value if you dont have the id attribute in the button which needs to be clicked from javascript                    // If you have any doubt in getting this value. Just hover over the button using Chrome developer tools to get the id.                    // But it will show like theForm:SimulateUserSave but you need to replace the colon with a dot here.                    // Note :- I have given display:none in the style of the second button to make sure that, it is not visible for the user.                    var mybtn=document.getElementById('{!$Component.theForm.SimulateUserSave}');                                    mybtn.click();                }    c. Apex Methods CreateContact and SaveUser are the pagereference methods which contains the code to create contact and user respectively.       After inserting the user inside the second apex method you can just set some public Properties in the page,        for ex:- created userid to get the user details and display in the page to show the acknowledgement to the users that the User is created.

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  • What problems can arise from emulating concepts from another languages?

    - by Vandell
    I've read many times on the web that if your language doesn't support some concept, for example, object orientation, or maybe function calls, and it's considered a good practice in this other context, you should do it. The only problem I can see now is that other programmers may find your code too different than the usual, making it hard for them to program. What other problems do you think may arise from this?

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  • Use Expressions with LINQ to Entities

    - by EltonStoneman
    [Source: http://geekswithblogs.net/EltonStoneman] Recently I've been putting together a generic approach for paging the response from a WCF service. Paging changes the service signature, so it's not as simple as adding a behavior to an existing service in config, but the complexity of the paging is isolated in a generic base class. We're using the Entity Framework talking to SQL Server, so when we ask for a page using LINQ's .Take() method we get a nice efficient SQL query for just the rows we want, with minimal impact on SQL Server and network traffic. We use the maximum ID of the record returned as a high-water mark (rather than using .Skip() to go to the next record), so the approach caters for records being deleted between page requests. In the paged response we include a HasMorePages indicator, computed by comparing the max ID in the page of results to the max ID for the whole resultset - if the latter is bigger, then there are more pages. In some quick performance testing, the paged version of the service performed much more slowly than the unpaged version, which was unexpected. We narrowed it down to the code which gets the max ID for the full resultset - instead of building an efficient MAX() SQL query, EF was returning the whole resultset and then computing the max ID in the service layer. It's easy to reproduce - take this AdventureWorks query:             var context = new AdventureWorksEntities();             var query = from od in context.SalesOrderDetail                         where od.ModifiedDate >= modified                          && od.SalesOrderDetailID.CompareTo(id) > 0                         orderby od.SalesOrderDetailID                         select od;   We can find the maximum SalesOrderDetailID like this:             var maxIdEfficiently = query.Max(od => od.SalesOrderDetailID);   which produces our efficient MAX() SQL query. If we're doing this generically and we already have the ID function in a Func:             Func<SalesOrderDetail, int> idFunc = od => od.SalesOrderDetailID;             var maxIdInefficiently = query.Max(idFunc);   This fetches all the results from the query and then runs the Max() function in code. If you look at the difference in Reflector, the first call passes an Expression to the Max(), while the second call passes a Func. So it's an easy fix - wrap the Func in an Expression:             Expression<Func<SalesOrderDetail, int>> idExpression = od => od.SalesOrderDetailID;             var maxIdEfficientlyAgain = query.Max(idExpression);   - and we're back to running an efficient MAX() statement. Evidently the EF provider can dissect an Expression and build its equivalent in SQL, but it can't do that with Funcs.

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  • Google I/O 2012 - Google Compute Engine -- Technical Details

    Google I/O 2012 - Google Compute Engine -- Technical Details Joe Beda, Evan Anderson This session will provide an in depth overview of Google Compute Engine. Google Compute provides Virtual Machines optimized for large scale data processing and analytics. We will dive into the core concepts, API, unique features and architectural best practices in the context of concrete examples. For all I/O 2012 sessions, go to developers.google.com From: GoogleDevelopers Views: 2497 88 ratings Time: 01:01:39 More in Science & Technology

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  • Annotation Processor for Superclass Sensitive Actions

    - by Geertjan
    Someone creating superclass sensitive actions should need to specify only the following things: The condition under which the popup menu item should be available, i.e., the condition under which the action is relevant. And, for superclass sensitive actions, the condition is the name of a superclass. I.e., if I'm creating an action that should only be invokable if the class implements "org.openide.windows.TopComponent",  then that fully qualified name is the condition. The position in the list of Java class popup menus where the new menu item should be found, relative to the existing menu items. The display name. The path to the action folder where the new action is registered in the Central Registry. The code that should be executed when the action is invoked. In other words, the code for the enablement (which, in this case, means the visibility of the popup menu item when you right-click on the Java class) should be handled generically, under the hood, and not every time all over again in each action that needs this special kind of enablement. So, here's the usage of my newly created @SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation, where you should note that the DataObject must be in the Lookup, since the action will only be available to be invoked when you right-click on a Java source file (i.e., text/x-java) in an explorer view: import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import org.netbeans.sbas.annotations.SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation; import org.openide.awt.StatusDisplayer; import org.openide.loaders.DataObject; import org.openide.util.NbBundle; import org.openide.util.Utilities; @SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation( position=30, displayName="#CTL_BrandTopComponentAction", path="File", type="org.openide.windows.TopComponent") @NbBundle.Messages("CTL_BrandTopComponentAction=Brand") public class BrandTopComponentAction implements ActionListener { private final DataObject context; public BrandTopComponentAction() { context = Utilities.actionsGlobalContext().lookup(DataObject.class); } @Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev) { String message = context.getPrimaryFile().getPath(); StatusDisplayer.getDefault().setStatusText(message); } } That implies I've created (in a separate module to where it is used) a new annotation. Here's the definition: package org.netbeans.sbas.annotations; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) @Target(ElementType.TYPE) public @interface SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation { String type(); String path(); int position(); String displayName(); } And here's the processor: package org.netbeans.sbas.annotations; import java.util.Set; import javax.annotation.processing.Processor; import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment; import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedAnnotationTypes; import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedSourceVersion; import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion; import javax.lang.model.element.Element; import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement; import javax.lang.model.util.Elements; import org.openide.filesystems.annotations.LayerBuilder.File; import org.openide.filesystems.annotations.LayerGeneratingProcessor; import org.openide.filesystems.annotations.LayerGenerationException; import org.openide.util.lookup.ServiceProvider; @ServiceProvider(service = Processor.class) @SupportedAnnotationTypes("org.netbeans.sbas.annotations.SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation") @SupportedSourceVersion(SourceVersion.RELEASE_6) public class SuperclassBasedActionProcessor extends LayerGeneratingProcessor { @Override protected boolean handleProcess(Set annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv) throws LayerGenerationException { Elements elements = processingEnv.getElementUtils(); for (Element e : roundEnv.getElementsAnnotatedWith(SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation.class)) { TypeElement clazz = (TypeElement) e; SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation mpm = clazz.getAnnotation(SuperclassBasedActionAnnotation.class); String teName = elements.getBinaryName(clazz).toString(); String originalFile = "Actions/" + mpm.path() + "/" + teName.replace('.', '-') + ".instance"; File actionFile = layer(e).file( originalFile). bundlevalue("displayName", mpm.displayName()). methodvalue("instanceCreate", "org.netbeans.sbas.annotations.SuperclassSensitiveAction", "create"). stringvalue("type", mpm.type()). newvalue("delegate", teName); actionFile.write(); File javaPopupFile = layer(e).file( "Loaders/text/x-java/Actions/" + teName.replace('.', '-') + ".shadow"). stringvalue("originalFile", originalFile). intvalue("position", mpm.position()); javaPopupFile.write(); } return true; } } The "SuperclassSensitiveAction" referred to in the code above is unchanged from how I had it in yesterday's blog entry. When I build the module containing two action listeners that use my new annotation, the generated layer file looks as follows, which is identical to the layer file entries I hard coded yesterday: <folder name="Actions"> <folder name="File"> <file name="org-netbeans-sbas-impl-ActionListenerSensitiveAction.instance"> <attr name="displayName" stringvalue="Process Action Listener"/> <attr methodvalue="org.netbeans.sbas.annotations.SuperclassSensitiveAction.create" name="instanceCreate"/> <attr name="type" stringvalue="java.awt.event.ActionListener"/> <attr name="delegate" newvalue="org.netbeans.sbas.impl.ActionListenerSensitiveAction"/> </file> <file name="org-netbeans-sbas-impl-BrandTopComponentAction.instance"> <attr bundlevalue="org.netbeans.sbas.impl.Bundle#CTL_BrandTopComponentAction" name="displayName"/> <attr methodvalue="org.netbeans.sbas.annotations.SuperclassSensitiveAction.create" name="instanceCreate"/> <attr name="type" stringvalue="org.openide.windows.TopComponent"/> <attr name="delegate" newvalue="org.netbeans.sbas.impl.BrandTopComponentAction"/> </file> </folder> </folder> <folder name="Loaders"> <folder name="text"> <folder name="x-java"> <folder name="Actions"> <file name="org-netbeans-sbas-impl-ActionListenerSensitiveAction.shadow"> <attr name="originalFile" stringvalue="Actions/File/org-netbeans-sbas-impl-ActionListenerSensitiveAction.instance"/> <attr intvalue="10" name="position"/> </file> <file name="org-netbeans-sbas-impl-BrandTopComponentAction.shadow"> <attr name="originalFile" stringvalue="Actions/File/org-netbeans-sbas-impl-BrandTopComponentAction.instance"/> <attr intvalue="30" name="position"/> </file> </folder> </folder> </folder> </folder>

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  • Assessing Relative Maintainability

    - by João Bragança
    We (a contractor, actually) are implementing an off the shelf system to replace a legacy homegrown system for the core domain of the company (designing widgets). Unfortunately both systems will have to run concurrently for some time, as the product just isn't ready yet. Also, the decision was made to only migrate some of the widgets from the legacy system, based on date of last sale activity. Later on a new requirement came down: certain people in the company, most of them outside of the widget development context, want to search all widgets. The search results screen has 3 pieces of data: a GUID, a human readable id that is searchable, and a brief description (may need to be searchable in the future). In the widget details, there will be multiple screens. These screens align very well along SOA / bounded context lines - a screen for marketing data, a screen for sales history, etc. UML ahead! I am probably using the wrong kind of arrows here so please forgive me. The current solution - which is not in production yet - is something like the following: Both systems will be queried and the controller will merge the results. The new system has its own proprietary query language (we've alleviated this a bit with a LINQ provider). It also puts a lot of data on the wire. 15 search results typically run about 60k of unintelligible SOAP-wrapped xml. So I would prefer to avoid querying this system directly. These two systems publish events to help us integrate with other systems, mainly an ERP system. One of these events contains all the data necessary for the search screen. I proposed the following alternative: However I am being told that 'adding another database' will create more maintenance down the road. However, I believe this to be false, as I had to add a relatively simple feature that took several hours longer than anticipated because of this merging code. I want to get a feel for which system is more maintainable in the long run. I personally have not had the burden of maintaining any large system. I want something more than my gut. Specifically I'd like to know if having more, specialized physical databases is more or less maintainable than having less larger physical databases.

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  • Ubuntu ONE (Windows BETA) locks up - What to do?

    - by Zusch
    OS: Windows XP SP3 Hardware: Dell Precision M4400 (Laptop) CPU: Core2Duo T9600 Mem: 4 GB Installer- setup, first start and account- setup of UbuntuONE Windows client passed with no problems. After restart of UbuntuONE, the CPU- usage shows 50% (100% core usage). Exit- command (from context-menu) hides the trayicon, but the program is still working excessive in background (50% cpu- / 50 MB memory- usage), until UbuntuOneClient.exe is killed by the taskmanager. What's going on ?

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  • Oracle SRM increases enterprise footprint with Eloqua integration: an Ovum report

    - by Richard Lefebvre
    At Oracle OpenWorld in September, Oracle announced that Social Relationship Management (SRM) suite is further integrated with Oracle Eloqua, its newly acquired marketing automation platform. "Oracle is the only leading vendor to date to have fully integrated social with a sales lead management platform within the context of marketing automation" writes Gerry Brown in this Ovum report, in which you can read and understand all the benefits of this integration,

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  • Nautilus-Action conf. tool - crafting a "set as background" action

    - by EgyptBeast
    I wanted to create an option in the context menu to set the clicked picture to current desktop background (just like in Windows). I read the the nautilus action help but I couldn't figure it out. This is by far the command I could craft: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file://$PWD/ What I need: A command that correctly sets the current image to be the desktop background This command should only appear to the proper files (picture extenstions like .jpg)

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  • Beginner: How to Run an Application as Administrator in Windows 8

    - by Taylor Gibb
    Windows 8 does away with the Start Menu we all know and love, and introduces a more “immersive” Start Screen. Since there’s no context menu on the Start Screen you may be wondering how to run applications as administrator–here’s how. HTG Explains: What Is RSS and How Can I Benefit From Using It? HTG Explains: Why You Only Have to Wipe a Disk Once to Erase It HTG Explains: Learn How Websites Are Tracking You Online

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  • How relevant is PHP today for browser games?

    - by Bitgarden
    I was the lead developer of 2 moderately successful browser games quite a few years back, and plan on working on a new game soon. At the time, I wrote them in pure PHP (no template engine or anything of the sort). I'd like to start working on a new game, but have been out of the web development world for a while. Reading around, I hear a lot of good about Rails, Django, Node.js, etc., with which I have no experience (although I know my way around Python, Javascript, and the others quite well). So my question is the following- if I were to go in my old ways and go with PHP again, would I be making things hard for myself? Would picking something more "trendy" have a real impact on my development? In addition, does anyone have any pointers relating to specifically developing browser games with these more modern tools?

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  • Pseudo-magnet implementation with chipmunk

    - by Eimantas
    How should I go about implementing "natural" magnet on a certain body in chipmunk space? Context is of simple bodies lying in the space (think chessboard). When one of the figures is activated as a magnet - others should start moving towards it. Currently I'm applying force (cpBodyApplyForce)to the other figures with vector calculated towards the activated figure. However this doesn't really feel "natural". Are there any known algorithms for imitating magnets?

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  • Ubuntu One Music Store: Tops or Flop?

    <b>Linux Pro Magazine:</b> "Thus Canonical is implementing the cloud in its context. The DRM-free songs in MP3 format with a bitrate of at least 256 kbits/second are not loaded on the local machine, but in the Ubuntu One cloud."

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  • Open screen and run some projects and applications

    - by trex
    I am a python web developer, I need to run my local 3-4 django projects in screen sessions and need to launch some of my applications like skype, chrome, eclipse and a text file daily status.txt. Is there any way to write a script to launch all of them by running a shell script only? #!/bin/bash # gnome-terminal -e "screen -dmS myapps" #(Attach following command to one of the screen) cd /var/opt/project1 python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001 #(Attach another command to one of the screen) cd /var/opt/project2 python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8002 #(Attach another command to one of the screen) cd /var/opt/project3 python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8003 #start my applications eclipse skype gedit "/home/myname/Desktop/daily status.txt" [...] Can one help me to write a shell script to do this.

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  • Does it make sense to implement OAuth for a 2 party system?

    - by nbv4
    I'm under the impression that OAuth is for authentication between three parties. Does it make sense to implement OAuth in a context where there is just a client and server. We have a server, and a client (HTML/javascript). Currently we authenticate via the normal "post credentials to server, get a cookie, use cookie to authenticate all subsequent requests" method. Will implementing OAuth be a benefit in this situation?

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  • Drop in service for account management, authentication, identity?

    - by Mike Repass
    I'm building an Android app and associated set of web services for uploading/downloading data. I need a basic (no frills) solution for account management (register, login, logout, verify credentials/token). What open source / third party solutions exist for this scenario? I need: create a new account db based on a salt simple web service to create a new account simple web service to authenticate supplied credentials and return some sort of token That's it, I can get by without 'fancy' email activation or password reset for the time being. Are there off-the-shelf components for this? Should I just use a 'blank' django or rails app to get this done? Seems crazy for everyone to be doing CREATE TABLE user_accounts ... Thoughts? Thank you.

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  • ArchBeat Link-o-Rama for 10-24-2012

    - by Bob Rhubart
    Play Oracle Vanquisher Here's a little respite from whatever it is you normally spend your time on. Oracle Vanquisher is an online diversion that makes a game of data center optimization. According to the description: "Armed with a cool Oracle vacuum pack suit and a strategic IT roadmap, you will thwart threats and optimize your data center to increase your company’s stock price and boost your company's position." Mainly you avoid electric shock and killer birds. The current high score belongs to someone identified as "TEN." My score? Never mind. Book: DevOps for Developers | The Java Source The subject of DevOps has come up in a couple of recent OTN ArchBeat Podcasts, so it's somewhat serendipitous that Tori Weildt's recent blog post offers an overview of Java Champion Michael Hutterman's new book, DevOps for Developers, now available from Apress. Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) : Context is everything… | The ORACLE-BASE Blog BOYD is a factor in the evolution of IT, but in what context? "The real IT work in companies is still being done on PCs," says Oracle ACE Director Tim Hall. "Yes, you can use a cloud service on your phone, but look around the office and you will see those cloud services are actually being used by people on PCs." Oracle in the Cloud: Oracle EBusiness Suite sizing | Tom Laszewski Cloud expert Tom Laszewski shares several technical resources that will be helpful for sizing of Oracle EBusiness Suite. Setting Up, Configuring, and Using an Oracle WebLogic Server Cluster Author and expert Yuli Vasiliev shows you how take advantage of multiple Oracle WebLogic Server instances grouped into a cluster to maximize scalability and availability. Webcast: Reduce Costs with Oracle's Database Storage Management Watch this! Join Oracle experts Kevin Jernigan and Margaret Hamburger for an interactive webcast in which you'll learn how Oracle's Database Storage Management can reduce storage costs and management complexity while improving query performance to meet service-level agreements and compliance requirements. Event Date: Tuesday, November 6, 2012 Event Time: 10 a.m. PT/1 p.m. ET Thought for the Day "Most software today is very much like an Egyptian pyramid with millions of bricks piled on top of each other, with no structural integrity, but just done by brute force and thousands of slaves." — Alan Kay Source: softwarequotes.com

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  • HTML5 - check if font has loaded

    - by espais
    At present I load my font for my game in with @font-face For instance: @font-face { font-family: 'Orbitron'; src: url('res/orbitron-medium.ttf'); } and then reference it throughout my JS implementation as such: ctx.font = "12pt Orbitron"; where ctx is my 2d context from the canvas. However, I notice a certain lag time while the font is downloaded to the user. Is there a way I can use a default font until it is loaded in?

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  • Test-only Members: Good or Bad?

    In the article, Dino focuses on two particular situations: dealing with dependencies and testing private members. He'll be discussing this in the context of ASP.NET MVC and MSTest, but without any significant loss of generality.

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  • What to choose for beginner: PHP/Python/Ruby

    - by Nai
    I'm a beginner teaching myself to code but I would like he insight of the PSE community and helping choose where to start. My main objective is to be able to create a basic website to first test my business idea and from there iterate on it quickly to minimise my learning time. The most important criteria for me is speed. An example of speed would be pre-built components available open source and not having to write one from scratch. From my research, this seems to be a death match between the following languages and frameworks: PHP and CakePHP Python and Django Ruby and Rails Assumptions: I am going to be equally good (or bad) in all 3. It is going to be equally easy to find competent developers in either language. I know this to be false already by lets assume that it is. This question is not meant to karma whore as I've seen how passionate some of these standoff questions have been and I'll be happy to turn it into a community wiki.

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  • What is going on in this SAT/vector projection code?

    - by ssb
    I'm looking at the example XNA SAT collision code presented here: http://www.xnadevelopment.com/tutorials/rotatedrectanglecollisions/rotatedrectanglecollisions.shtml See the following code: private int GenerateScalar(Vector2 theRectangleCorner, Vector2 theAxis) { //Using the formula for Vector projection. Take the corner being passed in //and project it onto the given Axis float aNumerator = (theRectangleCorner.X * theAxis.X) + (theRectangleCorner.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDenominator = (theAxis.X * theAxis.X) + (theAxis.Y * theAxis.Y); float aDivisionResult = aNumerator / aDenominator; Vector2 aCornerProjected = new Vector2(aDivisionResult * theAxis.X, aDivisionResult * theAxis.Y); //Now that we have our projected Vector, calculate a scalar of that projection //that can be used to more easily do comparisons float aScalar = (theAxis.X * aCornerProjected.X) + (theAxis.Y * aCornerProjected.Y); return (int)aScalar; } I think the problems I'm having with this come mostly from translating physics concepts into data structures. For example, earlier in the code there is a calculation of the axes to be used, and these are stored as Vector2, and they are found by subtracting one point from another, however these points are also stored as Vector2s. So are the axes being stored as slopes in a single Vector2? Next, what exactly does the Vector2 produced by the vector projection code represent? That is, I know it represents the projected vector, but as it pertains to a Vector2, what does this represent? A point on a line? Finally, what does the scalar at the end actually represent? It's fine to tell me that you're getting a scalar value of the projected vector, but none of the information I can find online seems to tell me about a scalar of a vector as it's used in this context. I don't see angles or magnitudes with these vectors so I'm a little disoriented when it comes to thinking in terms of physics. If this final scalar calculation is just a dot product, how is that directly applicable to SAT from here on? Is this what I use to calculate maximum/minimum values for overlap? I guess I'm just having trouble figuring out exactly what the dot product is representing in this particular context. Clearly I'm not quite up to date on my elementary physics, but any explanations would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How do I succesfully compile Slingshot?

    - by Tigull
    I've been trying to compile Slingshot for a preview of Elementary OS. Even after replacing Gtk.Stock.CLEAR and Gtk.Stock.add with Gtk.STOCK_CLEAR and Gtk.Stock_add in slingshot/widget/entries .vala I still get the following error when executing sudo ./build_run: frontend/widgets/Entries.vala:130.13-130.25: error: The name `Stock_add' does not exist in the context of `Gtk' Gtk.Stock_add ({stock_item}); ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Compilation failed: 1 error(s), 0 warning(s) mv: cannot stat `slingshot': No such file or directory ./build_run: 7: slingshot: not found I haven't found yet a soulution, therefore any help is appreciated, thanks!

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  • Are closures with side-effects considered "functional style"?

    - by Giorgio
    Many modern programming languages support some concept of closure, i.e. of a piece of code (a block or a function) that Can be treated as a value, and therefore stored in a variable, passed around to different parts of the code, be defined in one part of a program and invoked in a totally different part of the same program. Can capture variables from the context in which it is defined, and access them when it is later invoked (possibly in a totally different context). Here is an example of a closure written in Scala: def filterList(xs: List[Int], lowerBound: Int): List[Int] = xs.filter(x => x >= lowerBound) The function literal x => x >= lowerBound contains the free variable lowerBound, which is closed (bound) by the argument of the function filterList that has the same name. The closure is passed to the library method filter, which can invoke it repeatedly as a normal function. I have been reading a lot of questions and answers on this site and, as far as I understand, the term closure is often automatically associated with functional programming and functional programming style. The definition of function programming on wikipedia reads: In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and mutable data. It emphasizes the application of functions, in contrast to the imperative programming style, which emphasizes changes in state. and further on [...] in functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are input to the function [...]. Eliminating side effects can make it much easier to understand and predict the behavior of a program, which is one of the key motivations for the development of functional programming. On the other hand, many closure constructs provided by programming languages allow a closure to capture non-local variables and change them when the closure is invoked, thus producing a side effect on the environment in which they were defined. In this case, closures implement the first idea of functional programming (functions are first-class entities that can be moved around like other values) but neglect the second idea (avoiding side-effects). Is this use of closures with side effects considered functional style or are closures considered a more general construct that can be used both for a functional and a non-functional programming style? Is there any literature on this topic? IMPORTANT NOTE I am not questioning the usefulness of side-effects or of having closures with side effects. Also, I am not interested in a discussion about the advantages / disadvantages of closures with or without side effects. I am only interested to know if using such closures is still considered functional style by the proponent of functional programming or if, on the contrary, their use is discouraged when using a functional style.

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  • Which language is productive for high phase business application development? [closed]

    - by Nizar
    If we (I and my friends) would like to build web-based products and sell it using a license approach (to renew every year for example). Which server-side language will be most suitable for our purpose? We could target the following audience: - Personal sites. - Serious small-medium companies (to sell prducts such as Help-Desks, Forms,etc.) - Restaurants (to sell online order web applications). We would like to - attract as many customers as possible. - provide updates for our prodcuts (for our customers). - make our products easy to use. There are number of open-source frameworks and languages that has potential to handle our business problems (like Django, Python, Java, etc..) However, we are not sure which one is easier to learn and has variety of tools/plugins to help us in development process. Thus we need to get you experience on this hard to decide matter. Which language and its supporting framework we should choose ?

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