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• New laptop, Windows 8.1, attempting dual install. Ubuntu installer doesn't 'see' existing OS

  - by Flaminica

  Though I've used Ubuntu for a few years, I'm new to installation. Previously I had help and now I'm doing it alone (moved across the world). Windows 8.1 came preinstalled on my new laptop (Toshiba Satellite C70-A-17C - Core i5, 8 GB RAM, 750 GB HDD). I have already followed a few steps I found online to prepare for a dual install (with Ubuntu 14.04). I backed up Windows, created a bootable Ubuntu USB and DVD (just in case one didn't work), turned off fast boot and secure boot, and shrunk C:/. The new unallocated drive portion is 292.97 GB. After shrinking C:/, I restarted Windows a couple of times to make sure everything was working fine (it is). I then attempted to install with the Ubuntu live USB. However, the Ubuntu installer doesn't see that Windows 8.1 is already installed. I don't understand, and don't want to mess with Ubuntu partitioning when I don't know where the partitions will be created. My concern is that, if I go further with the installation process, Windows might be overwritten or compromised in some way. I then tried to reboot using the Ubuntu live DVD, thinking I might get a different result. However, I can't figure out how to make the laptop boot from the CD drive. I went into the BIOS and found no option there, either. Any help is very appreciated! EDIT: Looks like I can't link directly to each photo. Here is my album of screenshots: http://imgur.com/a/zChCo Here you can see that there's no option to boot from CD drive, only USB. Everything looks okay so far. I don't understand this. Ubuntu has not yet been installed. Unmounting partitions? (I chose 'no'.) Even though the laptop came pre-installed with Windows 8.1, the Ubuntu USB installer can't see it. I chose 'something else'. I need to pick and format partitions. I scrolled down and took a second shot to include all information. Completely lost and cancelled installation.

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• Is Ubuntu recognizing and/or using my NVIDIA graphics card?

  - by user212860

  This is my first post here, and I'm pretty new to Ubuntu/Linux. I currently have no other OS except for Ubuntu 13.10. (I used to have Win7 until i got a new terabyte hard drive). My current PC build, if any of this helps: CPU: Intel i5 quad-core Graphics: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 650 RAM: 8 GB HDD: 1 TB SATA 3 Motherboard: MSi Z77 A-G41 OS Ubuntu 13.10 So I recently installed Ubuntu 13.10 and put Steam on it, and I'm seeing that my games run a lot slower than they did when I had Win7. I figured it was a graphics problem, so I checked System Settings Details Overview. It says in "Graphics" that I have "Gallium 0.4 on NVE7" (don't really know what that is). Does this mean that Ubuntu is not using my graphics card? In System Settings Software & Updates Additional Drivers, it clearly shows like this: NVIDIA Corporation: GK107 [GeForce GTX 650] -This device is using an alternative driver (And then it shows a list of drivers that I can switch back and forth to) So this is a bit confusing. In Software and Updates, it clearly shows that I have my NVIDIA card installed, and that I have a driver selected for it. But in System Settings, it shows I have some Gallium 0.4 thing. I had done a bit of research, and ended up typing command: "lspci|grep VGA" in the Terminal. It showed this in response: VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107 [GeForce GTX 650] (rev a1) The Terminal seems to recognize my graphics card. What it looks like to me, is that I don't have the proper driver, and I might be using my CPU's integrated graphics. When I switch around which driver I am using in that list, it still does not see my card in System Settings. Some of the drivers in the list give me some sort of OpenGL error when I try to run a game. It might just be that my games are running slow because the game developers have not optimized it for Ubuntu that well. However, that still doesn't take away from the fact that System Settings is not showing my NVIDIA card. TL;DR Version: How do I know if my video card is being recognized/used? If my video card is not being used, what is the best way fix that? Please make your answers easy to understand. I do not mind wordy responses, as long as I can follow what you're saying. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks, Jabber5

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• Need Help with partitions and such Dual Booting 13.10 w/ windows 7

  - by Aymax

  so I've spent the past couple days freaking out about this and looking for answers, and I decided to resort to asking on forums. probably should have before I wasted 2 entire days. so I am trying to DUAL-INSTALL Ubuntu 13.10 with my x64 Windows 7 home premium computer. I have 6 gb of ram, 1TB hard drive, and a 3.3GHZ dual core processer (just in case it matters). I've managed to figure some things out. I've burned the ubuntu files onto a DVD, and I have been able to successfully run it off the disk. I also shrunk my Windows partition by 120Gb and partitioned that for Ubuntu (all using the windows Disk Manager). Problems: When I turn my computer on with the DVD in the tray, the computer cant find windows. it flashes a screen real quick that says something about not being able to find an operating system, and then goes to "grub" and asks what i want to do with Ubuntu. this scares me, because I don't know if that means that I will not be able to boot windows if I install Ubuntu. The Ubuntu 13.10 installer does not detect my Windows operating system. I only have the options to Erase everything on my drive, or "something else." I choose that, which brings me to 3 I don't understand the partition table. I have no idea which drive im selecting to install stuff on, much less which one to select. I tried to tell by the amount of memory partitioned off, but none of the numbers seem to be accurate. Plus, all the names are dev/sda(#). I know Ubuntu knows the name of my partition, because on the sidebars it shows the names of the different drives, including the partition I made; so why don't they use the names? I have no idea what I'm going to be erasing. I've read that I should know which is which by the file system type, but they are all NTFS, including the one I made. my only other option was FAT, none for EXT2 or any of that like people said to do. My main concerns are that of accidentally erasing windows or not being able to access windows. any feasible solution is helpful, weather it helps me with the install or to make Ubuntu see windows. I realize this question has been asked much, but i have found no feasible answers so far. I am relatively new to this, and have never installed an operating system before, so I do not know most of the jargon. please keep it relatively simple, please. I am not a programmer. Thanks.

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• A Windows Update Prevented Live Discs From Working? [migrated]

  - by user88311

  First off I'll state my system specs. Acer Aspire M1100 Windows Vista Home Basic 32bit OEM 2 Gigs of DDR2 ram 160Gig hard drive 2.7Ghz AMD Athlon 64 processor ATI Radeon X1250 Graphics card A few days ago my computer did automatic updates and updated windows defender to KB915597 (Definition 1.135.415.0), After which when shutting down and starting up I would receive BSOD with the information BUGCODE_USE_DRIVER and 0x000000FE (0x00000008, 0x00000006, 0x00000006, 0x877330000) upon where my computer would not start up with any USB devices plugged in and it always require me to run startup repair before it started. Upon when I first started it up and was able to fully boot windows, I had no use of the mouse so I was unable to install the fix that the windows solutions center brought up on my screen, so I restarted again and installed the fix hoping it would cease the problem, it did not. Upoon starting up after installing the fix and restarting I was confronted with the BSOD 0x000000FE (0x00000008, 0x00000006, 0x00000006, 0x83291000) at which I found the startup repair could not fix the problem and I restored, as I most like should have in the first place. After going through that I read that simply installing the latest defender version from the microsoft site had fixed this problem for others, so I did that, to find I still received the BSOD's. So in a attempt to find a fix to the problem I went to the microsoft answers site to try to find a way to fix the problem, there I was told to simply disable defender and reboot to see if that fixed the problem, upon doing this my computer would no longer even startup, when I boot normally I get to just when the loading screen finishes and then my computer restarts and when I run startup repair, it runs for about 15 seconds and then my computer restarts as well. I have tried running ubuntu live discs in order to simply access the drive and simply copy and paste the 2 month old physical backup I have of my C drive to the C drive, but whenever I run the live OS when it gets to the end of the load screen and is about to boot, the computer again restarts, yet if I put in a gparted disc, I am able to boot it fully, although it does not give me access to the file system just partition managing and when I attempt to access the internet through it, the computer once again restarts. So my question is, how could the update and what has happened prevent me from running the live OS's properly?

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• 12.04 Booting into Terminal

  - by user170796

  To preface this, I would like to say that I am completely new to Ubuntu and have essentially zero programming experience/experience working with command line and terminal. I installed Ubuntu because I would like to get into programming. If you could provide me with the simplest instructions possible, I would be grateful. I have a Lenovo Ideapad Y500 (Intel i7, NVidia GT 750m, 1TB HDD, 16GB SSD cache, 8GB RAM) with Windows 8 on it. Using a Live CD, I installed Ubuntu 12.04 onto a 75 GB partition. During the installation, I kept all default settings except for one thing; I decided to encrypt my home folder, and so checked the corresponding box. The installation completed, and I restarted. Once I restarted, I saw the options "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-23-generic" "Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-23-generic (recovery mode)" "Memory test (memtest86+)" "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" "Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sdb3)" "Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sdb5)" "System Setup" I chose the first option, and was directed to a screen with the Ubuntu logo and the row of five dots below that change from orange to white. Then, I was brought to a full screen terminal that prompted me to login, which I did. I saw no option to boot into GUI at all, and am lost. I've been searching around and have tried the "startx" command to no avail. Should the command have some sort of context or something? I've also tried selecting the recovery mode option from the boot manager. I've tried the resume option from the following menu, which eventually just shuts down the computer after displaying a lot of scrolling text that's too fast for me to read. I've also tried the failsafex mode from the recovery mode menu, which only brings up a terminal box at the bottom of the window that covers the entire bottom part of the screen. Commands won't work in this window. When I try to access Windows 8, I get a message saying that the EFI file path was not specified or something along those lines. I had to enable Secure Boot in order to access Windows 8 (I had disabled it to be able to boot from the Live CD), which is functioning normally. I am at a complete loss for what to do. Any help will be extremely appreciated. EDIT: Bonus question! If you could figure out a way for me to boot to Windows 8 without having to enable Secure Boot, it would save me a lot of trouble. I can deal with switching every time, but I'd rather not have to.

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• Laptop freezes and seems to crash, but continues working after waiting for a few minutes [closed]

  - by Corwin

  I've had this old notebook laying around and because i was missing a second machine (My wife usually steals the first ;) ) I considered installing Linux. As a php developer I work with Linux servers (usually fedora) on a daily basis and because its an older machine that I want to use for development, linux seemed the best option. Speedwise I expected a good experience, better than Windows 7 on the same machine. The results where terrible. I tried ubuntu 12.04. The shell never got past showing the background. The system doesn't freeze since the mouse still works and I can use ctrl+alt+f2 etc to enter terminal mode. I expected hardware problems en even exchanged the harddisk en Ram memory. No luck though, so I started over and tried 11.10 Same results so I tried 10.04.4 which did install properly. Not sure if unity was the problem, but it seems likely. But then I tried simply things like surfing on the net, the system frooze and I thought it crashed so after a few minutes I pulled the plug and rebooted. But it happened again and I waited. After a few minutes the system came back to life like nothing happened. Long story short. Besides the fact that the entire interface is very sluggish, any and all graphical functions freezes the system. The more elaborate the animation would be, the longer it freezes. I switch chromium from window to fullscreenmode and had to wait 15 minutes to continue. I don't see the animation that's probably supposed to be in between. It just freezes and then after unfreezing its fullscreen. I don't think its a bug. I suspect the problem is with my graphics card. Like I said, its and old system. So old that I can't even find the original Ati drivers anywere. (I'll post the details of my system at the end of my post) I'm at a loss as to what to do next. I tried other Distro's. So far only dreamlinux works normally. Linux Mint won't start as a live CD. I think I simply need a driver update but I can't find them anywhere. Does anyone have the same experience ? Maybe even someone who has or had the same notebook running Ubuntu at some point ? Anyway, here are the specs: http://www.nec-driver.com/nec-driver/NEC-Versa-P550---FP550-Driver_421.html

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• ????: PostgreSQL??Oracle RAC????

  - by Kumiko Fujita

  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? * * * ?????????????????????????????????????DBMS??????????????????????????????DBMS????????????????????????????????????????????? 1. ???? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????DB???????OSS?PostgreSQL?????AP?????DB??????????????????? ???????? ?????10?????????????GB????????????????????????????DB?????????????????????????? ?????????????3,500?????????24????????????????????????????????????? ??AP?????????????????????????????????????????DB??PostgreSQL??????????????????PostgreSQL ????????????????????Vacuum????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????PostgreSQL?OSS??????????????????????????????????????????????????DB MS??????Oracle Database 11gR2???????????????????????500GB???????????????????????????Partitioning ???????? Oracle Database Enterprise Edition?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????SAN?????Active/Standby???HA????????????????? 2. ????? 2.1. ???? PostgreSQL??????Oracle??????????????????????????????????????????????????????TEXT????? ????????????????????Oracle??????????????????????????PostgreSQL??csv???????Oracle Database?SQL*Loa der????????????? ??????????????????????????????DB??????????????Windows?Liunx??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????PostgreSQL?NULL?????''????????????Oracle Database???????????????????????? ?????????? table { border-collapse: collapse; } th { border: solid 1px #666666; color: #000000; background-color: #ff9999; } td { border: solid 1px #666666; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; } ???? PostgreSQL Oracle Database ??? CHAR(n) CHAR(n),CLOB VARCHAR(n) VARCHAR2(n),CLOB TEXT CLOB ??? NUMERIC NUMBER INTEGER NUMBER SMALLINT NUMBER BIGINT NUMBER REAL NUMBER DOUBLE PRECISION NUMBER ??? DATE DATE TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP ????? Bytea BLOB LOB BFILE/SecureFiles ??? OID ROWID 2.2. ????? ?????????????PostgreSQL?Oracle Database??????????SQL???????????????????????????????????Postg reSQL?LIMIT?OFFSET??Oracle Database?????????????????????? LIMIT,OFFSET???SELECT?????? /* PostgreSQL LIMIT,OFFSET */ SELECT ??? FROM ????? ORDER BY ???? LIMIT 2 OFFSET 5; /* Oracle Database????? */ SELECT ??? FROM (SELECT ???, ROWNUM line_no FROM (SELECT??? FROM ????? OREDR BY ???? ) ) WHERE line_no BETWEEN 6 AND 7; ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Oracle Database??????????????????????Oracle Database????WHERE??????????????????????????????????????????????????????WHERE?????????????????????? 3. ???? ???????????????????????30%~40%????????????????????80%????????????????????? ?ITpro???:???????4????? ??????????????????????????????????? ·?????·??????????????????????????? ·????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? 3.1. ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????·??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????·?????????????????? ???????????????????????????? (1)???????????????????? (2)???????????????????????????????????????????? (3)??????????????? (4)???????????????????????????????? ???????????·???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????·?? table { border-collapse: collapse; } th { border: solid 1px #666666; color: #000000; background-color: #ff9999; } td { border: solid 1px #666666; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; } ?? ?? ?? (1) ?????????? ????????????·???????????????????????? (2) ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? (3) ?????4????????????????? ???????????????????????DB????????? (4) ??????????(3)???????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????GB???????????????????????????????????????????(3)?????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????csv??????????SQL*Loader?Oracle Database?????????????????????Oracle Database???????????????????????????INSERT????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 3.2. ????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3.3. ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? DBMS????????????????????????SQL??????????????????????????????????????????????????PostgreSQL?Oracle Database???????????MVCC?????????????????????????Read Committed??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????DBMS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4. ??? PostgreSQL??Oracle Database?????????????????????????????? ????????????·????????????????????????????????????? ??????4???????????????????????·??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????DBMS???????????????????DBMS???????? ?????SQL?????????????????????????????DB???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????DBMS?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????

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• Why is firefox 4 not HW accelerated?

  - by acidzombie24

  At first i thought it was my computer but then i tried chrome. Why isnt firefox not hardware accelerated? The first screenshot shows chrome at 23% usage. The 2nd shows 59%. I have 2 cpus which is why it isnt 100% usage. The game pictured is biolab Heres the text for about:support Application Basics Name Firefox Version 4.0 User Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:2.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0 Profile Directory Open Containing Folder Enabled Plugins about:plugins Build Configuration about:buildconfig Extensions Name Version Enabled ID Modified Preferences Name Value accessibility.typeaheadfind.flashBar 0 browser.places.importBookmarksHTML false browser.places.smartBookmarksVersion 2 browser.startup.homepage_override.buildID 20110303194838 browser.startup.homepage_override.mstone rv:2.0 extensions.lastAppVersion 4.0 gfx.font_rendering.directwrite.enabled true network.cookie.prefsMigrated true places.history.expiration.transient_current_max_pages 127602 privacy.sanitize.migrateFx3Prefs true Graphics Adapter Description Mobile Intel(R) 4 Series Express Chipset Family Vendor ID 8086 Device ID 2a42 Adapter RAM Unknown Adapter Drivers igdumd64 igd10umd64 igdumdx32 igd10umd32 Driver Version 8.15.10.2202 Driver Date 8-25-2010 Direct2D Enabled true DirectWrite Enabled true (6.1.7600.16385, font cache n/a) WebGL Renderer Google Inc. -- ANGLE -- OpenGL ES 2.0 (ANGLE 0.0.0.541) GPU Accelerated Windows 1/1 Direct3D 10

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• Dell VRTX - slow cluster shared storage

  - by NorbyTheGeek

  I have a brand new Dell VRTX box set up as a Failover Cluster running HA Hyper-V virtual machines. This is my first time setting up clustering, and my first time with one of these boxes, so I'm sure I've missed something. The virtual machines are experiencing high disk latency and bad performance when accessing their VHD(x) files located on a Cluster Shared Volume. The VRTX has 10 x 900 GB 10K SAS drives in RAID 6 configuration, and the VRTX has the redundant Shared PERC 8 controllers. Both blades have full access to the virtual disks. There are two M520 blades installed, each with 128 GB RAM. MPIO is configured for the PERC 8 controllers. Operating system on the blades is Server 2012 (NOT R2). The RAID 6 array is split into a small (8 GB) volume for cluster quorum witness and a large (6.5 TB) volume for a Cluster Shared Volume (mounted on the nodes as C:\ClusterStorage\Volume1) An example of slow disk access: logging into a Server 2012 VM and having Server Manager come up automatically. Disk access goes to 100%, with write speeds at 20 MB or so, read speeds of 500 KB or so, and Average Response Time of over 1000 ms, sometimes spiking at 4000-5000 ms or so. It's the latency that really worries me. Is there something specific I should look at in my configuration? It doesn't seem to matter whether I use VHD or VHDX, dynamic or static.

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• Varnish 3.0.2 and ISPConfig 3.0.4

  - by Warren Bullock III

  I followed the tutorial The Perfect Server - Ubuntu 11.10 [ISPConfig 3] here. I'm running an Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) server with 1024 RAM on Rackspace. I've gone through and updated to ISPConfig 3.0.4. Everything has been working great up to now when I decided to try and install Varnish. Initially I did an install of Varnish by issuing: apt-get update apt-get upgrade apt-get install varnish Apparently the version that was installed was Varnish 2.x so I went back and added the repositories for packages provided by varnish-cache.org curl http://repo.varnish-cache.org/debian/GPG-key.txt | apt-key add - echo "deb http://repo.varnish-cache.org/ubuntu/ lucid varnish-3.0" >> /etc/apt/sources.list apt-get update apt-get install varnish This updated my version of Varnish to 3.0.2 I then proceeded to make the following changes: vim /etc/default/varnish change DAEMON_OPTS to port 80: vim /etc/apache2/ports.conf NameVirtualHost *:8000 Listen 8000 vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/default <VirtualHost *:8000> vim /etc/apache2/sites-available/ispconfig.vhost Listen 8080 NameVirtualHost *:8080 <VirtualHost _default_:8080> I then proceeded to set my other vhosts to use 8000 (the apache2 port) so with all this set I reset both Apache2 and Varnish to test. I used Firebug in Firefox 11.0 The output from what I see doesn't seem to indicate that Varnish is working completely correct: First of all I see: X-Varnish 1644834493 but I've heard that unless you have two timestamps side by side than it's probably not working correctly so for example I was thinking I might see something like: X-Varnish 1644834493 1644837493 Also if I noticed this in the output which seems to be inconstant: X-Drupal-Cache MISS There are times when it will say HIT as well.... So the question here that I have is I think Varnish is partially working, however, why don't I see two timestamps on X-Varnish like I'm thinking I should and does the output of the screenshot I have look correct? If Varnish isn't working can someone tell me what I might being doing wrong? Thanks in advance.

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• Setting up Tomcat6 properly in Ubuntu 10.04

  - by aasukisuki

  We have a Tomcat6 instance running on Ubuntu 10.04LTS. Our test box was just a Windows machine running Tomcat6. Both machines (Linux and Windows) have 1GB of ram. Via the Tomcat configuration tool in windows, I was able to set the min/max/permgen sizes of the JVM. Those were set to 256/512/128 respectively. Now on the Ubuntu box, I've tried setting the JVM options in several different places including: Adding JAVA_OPTS & CATALINA_OPTS in /etc/environment Adding JAVA_OPTS in $CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh Creating setenv.sh and adding JAVA_OPTS in $CATALINA_HOME/bin Adding JAVA_OPTS directly to /etc/init.d/tomcat6 Un-commenting the JAVA_OPTS and modifying it in /etc/default/tomcat6 Nearly all of those methods did not work, except for modifying /etc/init.d/tomcat6 directly (and possibly the /etc/default/tomcat6 change, but I just did that). However, my understanding is that when you change these settings, only one JVM should be used for the entire tomcat6 instance, and that memory is shared among the applications. On our windows box, tomcat6 is run as a service, and appears to behave this way. However, when I look at htop on the linux box, there are 20+ tomcat6 instances (I have an app that triggers internal jobs every X seconds using chron, so maybe these are threads? Or are they actual instances) all with those memory settings. The app runs fine for a bit, but eventually ends up locking up. I'm guessing each of these apps thinks it has 512m to work with and never GC's and then locks tomcat up completely. What is the proper way to set all of this up?

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• Managing scalability and availability with two servers running Apache Httpd, Apache Mina and MySQL

  - by celalo

  Hello, I am not a developer and I don't much experience with scalable server architectures. But I am in need of a highly available and scalable system for one of my projects. There is going to be two servers I am going to use for the time being. Both with 4 core CPUs and 8 GB RAM with RAID structures running CentOS 5.4. I will also have feature called "Failover IP" which enables to direct an IP address to another server within short time. The applications which will be run on the servers: There is going to be a Java application based on Apache Mina server for handling TCP requests from some hundreds of network devices where the devices are going to send request as much as one request per minute. Handling those requests, includes parsing the requests and inserting a few rows to the Database. Parsing requests before inserting data to the DB does take neglectable time. There is going to be MySQL server, as I stated above. Also there is going to be a PHP web application running on Apache Httpd Server which uses the same DB with the Java application. What I wish to have is to make use of those two servers at the most. I was imagining to have the servers identical, sharing the work load. MySQL could be a cluster maybe? And if some application fails or the whole machine goes down, the other will continue serving the requests seamlessly. Reminding that a "Failover IP" feature will be available for me to take advantage of. Also, It should be kept in mind that number of servers could increase in time, to meet the demand. What can you suggest? Which kind of tools I can make use of? Which kind of monitoring software (paid/unpaid) I have? Thanks in advance.

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• BIOS interrupts, privilege levels and paging

  - by Jack

  Hi, I was learning about Intel 8086-80486 CPUs and their interactions with HW. But I still don´t understand it quite well. Please, help me fill blank spots. First, I know that CPU communicates with HW using BIOS interrupts. But, what really happens in PC, when I call some INT instruction? I know that according the interrupt table some instructions begin to execute, but how by executing some instructions can BIOS recognize what I want to do? Becouse as far as I know, CPU has no extra communication channel with BIOS, it can only adress memory and receive data. So how can I instruct BIOS to do something, when I can only address RAM? Next thing I don't understand is about privilege levels. I know about ring model, and access rights, but how does the CPU know which privilege level has executed an instruction? I think that these privileges apply only when intruction is trying to address memory, but how does an application get its privilege level? I mean I know its level 3, but how is it set? And last thing, I know that paging is address scheme that is used to support aplication-transparent virtual memory, or swapping, but I could not find any information about how paging is tied with protected mode. Like if paging is like next mode independent of protected mode, or its somehow implemented within protected mode. And if it is implemented in protected mode, isn´t it too slow, to first address application space, then offset, and then paging folder, page and offset once again?

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• i5 540M or i7 720QM for laptop running VMs and software development tools?

  - by Donald Hughes

  I'm a software developer that would primarily be running Windows 7 as the primary operating system. On a typical day, I might, at any given moment, be running Visual Studio, Expression Web, SQL Server developer (and Management Console), IIS, Photoshop, a dozen browser tabs in 2-3 different browsers, Skype video chat, streaming music, and a couple of VMs (WinXP and Ubuntu) for testing/experimentation. Obviously, RAM is a concern, which is why I plan to use 8 GB so I can devote enough to the VMs to be usable. I'm also tempted to use an ExpressCard SSD for storing the VM disks to ease disk contention. And I know that that is asking a lot from a laptop, and I should just use a desktop, but I need to be able to take my work with me between several locations. It seems that at a reasonable price point, it comes down to the i5 540M versus the i7 720QM. I'm leaning toward the i7 since it would allow me to dedicate a whole hyperthreaded core to each VM, and still have two cores left for the primary OS. I've heard that the i5 has better battery life, but I'm curious for my scenario if there would be a meaningful difference. I don't usually work without a plug, but I do occasionally ride the train or fly and it would be nice to have at least 3 hours of juice for unusual circumstances. And, finally, for this usage scenario, would a dedicated video option be preferred over the i5's integrated video? It sounds like Visual Studio 2010 (and Windows 7) can take advantage of the video card.

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• BIOS interrupts, priviledge levels and paging

  - by Jack

  Hi, I was learning about Intel 8086-80486 CPUs and their interactions with HW. But I still don´t understand it quite well. Please, help me fill blank spots. First, I know that CPU communicates with HW using BIOS interrupts. But, what really happens in PC, when I call some INT instruction? I know that according the interrupt table some instructions begin to execute, but how by executing some instructions can BIOS recognize what I want to do? Becouse as far as I know, CPU has no extra communication channel with BIOS, it can only adress memory and receive data. So how can I instruct BIOS to do something, when I can only adress RAM? Next thing I dont understand is about priviledge levels. I know about ring model, and acess rights, but how CPU knows which priviledge level has executed instruction? I think that these priviledges apply only when intruction is trying to adress memory, but how applications gets its priviledge level? I mean I know its level 3, but how its set? And last thing, I know that paging is adress scheme that is used to support aplication-transparent virtual memory, or swaping, but I could not find any informations about how is paging tied with protected mode. Like if paging is like next mode independent of protectet mode, or its somehow implemented within protected mode. And if it is implemented in protected mode, isn´t it too slow, to first adress application space, than offset, and than paging folder, page and offset once again? Thank you for every response.

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• AclPermissionsFacet fault install SQL-2008-R2

  - by photo_tom

  While attempting to do an installation repair of SQL-2008R2, I'm failing the pre-check rules. Module that is failing is AclPermissionsFacet - with this message "The SQL Server registry keys from a prior installation cannot be modified. To continue, see SQL Server Setup documentation about how to fix registry keys." In the log file "Detail_GlobalRules.txt", I've been able to find the following error messages - 2010-09-05 07:24:39 Slp: Could not open sub key key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSearch. 2010-09-05 07:24:39 Slp: Could not open sub key key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerSCP. 2010-09-05 07:24:39 Slp: Could not open sub key key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQLServer. 2010-09-05 07:24:39 Slp: Could not open sub key key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL10.MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent. When I look at these keys in the registry, all of their permissions are blank. My problem is that I cannot find any good information on how to reset these keys. This is on my new home dev and I think during the migration from my previous machine, these settings got corrupted on my new box. In reviewing the web, there doesn't seem to be good infomration. And what there is suggests using subinacl.exe. But after trying it and seeing it is an XP based program, I'm at a loss on how to continue. Configuration - Windows 7/64bit Home Edition, SQL2008R2, 6gb ram. Suggestions? Su

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• Primary IDE Channel: Ultra DMA Mode 5 >> PIO Mode

  - by Wesley

  Hi, my netbook was having huge audio lag and just abnormally slow processing. After doing some searching on the internet, I found out that I needed to uninstall/reinstall the Primary IDE Channel found under the IDE controller section in the Device Manager. I would then set the Transfer Mode to DMA if available and everything would be great. For a period of time, I would see that "Ultra DMA Mode 5" was the current transfer mode, but every so often, it'd revert back to "PIO Mode", which is when it's really laggy. What can I do to prevent the Primary IDE Channel to revert from Ultra DMA Mode to PIO Mode? Also, my netbook has BSODed a few times when it is in PIO Mode, without any real explanation. I have a Samsung N120. Specs are as follows: http://www.samsung.com/ca/consumer/office/mobile-computing/netbook/NP-N120-KA01CA/index.idx?pagetype=prd_detail&tab=spec&fullspec=F. Only difference is that I have upgraded to 2.0 GB of DDR2 RAM. EDIT: For all who are looking for an answer to this problem, click the link in Kythos's answer and look at number 6 (Re-enable DMA using the Registry Editor). This always works for me now. If on reboot, you seem to only have a black screen after XP is loading, just wait... it is still loading and will show signs of life after 2-3 minutes.

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• NetBSD Networking

  - by Mike

  Hello, everyone! I have an old Toshiba Satellite 4015CDT, with Pentium II MMX, 32MB RAM, 4GB HDD. It also has one USB 1.0 port, parallel and serial ports, a 3.5" floppy drive and a CD-ROM drive (probably almost dead). I've installed NetBSD on this machine (full install) and now I want to connect it to the Internet. Although it has one PCMCIA modem card in it, it is obviously not an option. I've narrowed down my available options to the following: Connect a USB wireless adapter. I have a Realtek RTL8192 adapter, but although the system gives me the device's name (through dmesg) it fails to recognize it as a network adapter. Connect the laptop to another machine through a serial connection, so that the other machine will serve as a bridge to the Internet. Here is the page from the NetBSD documentation on serial connections. Unfortunately, I was not able to find anything on bridging there. I would very much appreciate your suggestions on the topic. Thanks in advance.

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• Existing open source software for wireless mesh networking?

  - by user70352

  Hello! My goal: Build a wireless mesh network with some ALIX 2D2 (500 MHz AMD Geode LX800 x86 CPU, 256MB RAM, Atheros wireless card) Aside from working like a normal wireless mesh network users should be able to read/write data from/to the ALIX Boxes and the ALIX boxes should be able to process data. Questions: Should I try to flash dd-wrt x86, voyage linux (linux.voyage.hk) or something else? What (open source) software should I look into before I start? Should I use a 'server' for data storage and processing instead of the ALIX boxes? Is it even possible to use the ALIX boxes for routing AND data storage and processing? Final notes: Data can be anything, for example, I want to setup a wireless mesh using the OLSRD protocol so my whole town gets wifi and can access songs on the network. It's not for that, but that's the idea. I'm not afraid of programing, compiling or working with *nix. This is mostly 'for fun' rather than for practicality. Thanks in advance for any feedback.

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• VMWare ESXi 4.1- 5.1 installation hang

  - by osij2is

  I'm well aware that I'm trying to install VMWare ESXi 5.1 on hardware that's not on the HCL. I can't find my motherboard on the ultimatewhitebox site as well. I acknowledge these issues in advance. What I'm trying to find is someway to access the logs during installation or see a console or log file to see where the installation is hanging at and remove a device or change a setting in the BIOS. The installation is hanging, not getting a purple screen of death. I thought by hitting ALT+F10 or F12 (or some key combination as such) would enable me to see the console but no such luck. I haven't been able to find much within the ESXi online documentation either. Here's the parts I'm using: AMD Phenom II x3 700 MSI 890FXA-GD70 (IOMMU capable) 16GB DDR3 1333 RAM (2x8GB DIMMs) Intel Pro 1000 (Dual-GbE) PCIe x4 (removed during installation) LSI 9211-8i PCIe (removed during installation) LSI 9201-16i PCIe (removed during installation) Matrox video card BIOS settings: IOMMU is enabled (during 5.1 IOMMU successfully loads) AHCI is enabled (hangs for 4.1) Both onboard Realtek NICs are disabled For ESXi 5.1, the installation hangs after vmkapi_v2_0_0_0 is loaded. For ESXi 5.0, it hangs when loading the vmklinux_9 module. For ESXi 4.1 U3, the installation hangs during loading of ahci module. Again, I'm looking for some way to view a console (service console?) or log file during or after an installation attempt to see what verbose error messages or logging can lead me to solving this problem.

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• Ubuntu12.04 crashed while trying to install Ubuntu14.04, no longer have access

  - by FACE

  Posting from my laptop, as my Compaq desktop crashed. Not very computer saavy, and not sure what info I should provide...but here's a start: 9 year old desktop Compaq SR 1650NX, AMD Athlon 3500+ probably 1 gB ram (duh....) Was running 12.04....was attempting to upgrade to 14.04, not sure if I interrupted it. Pretty much stuck on (constantly redirected to) a page which says "GNU Grub version 1.99-2"; it offers several choices (as written): Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-67-generic (recovery mode) Previous Linux versions Memory Test (memtest86+) Memory Test (memtest86+, serial console 115200) But none of the selections seem to be able to get me anywhere (i.e., I click yes, but can't seem to run any commands - not that I know anything useful); I escape from those pages by repeatedly hitting CTRL-ALT-DEL Any help would be appreciated; will provide additional info when requested. Thanx (hopefully), in advance. (If I don't respond immediately, it just means I had to attend to other concerns...will leave page open and check back in as often as possible). FACE

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• Inkscape: what are "line" objects?

  - by Peter Mortensen

  What is a "line" object in Inkscape? Drawing lines in Inkscape is by using the tool "Draw Bezier curves and straight lines (Shift+F6)". This creates objects of another type, "path". Using Inkscape: is there a way to convert an object of type "line" into an object of the more general type "path"? I have imported a drawing (mostly lines, rectangles and text) that has been through Adobe Illustrator: originally made in Inkscape, imported into Illustrator, edited, saved from Illustrator as SVG, imported into Inkscape. Sample from the imported SVG file: <path id="path5855" stroke="#000000" d=" M320.198,275.935" /> <line fill="none" stroke="#000000" x1="348.553" y1="45.097" x2="348.553" y2="185.346" id="line3368" /> Update 1: I have inspected the original XML (SVG) file from 2006 and it does not contain any "line" XML tags. Thus it must be a crime of Adobe Illustrator. When a line is selected in this imported SVG file the bottom panel displays: "Line in root. Click selection to toggle scale/rotation handles.". When a line is selected that was drawn in Inkscape the bottom panel displays: "Path (2 nodes) in Layer 1. Click selection to toggle scale/rotation handles." What is the difference between "line" and "path"? Is "line" some kind of read-only/non-editable object? A generic term like "line" is not easy to use in search, but I have now found the definitions for "line" and "path": SVG line: http://www.w3schools.com/svg/svg_line.asp SVG path: http://www.w3schools.com/svg/svg_path.asp Platform: Inkscape v0.46 (2008-03-10), Windows XP 64 bit, 8 GB RAM.

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• swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

  - by Marco

  I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only Firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happens: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this?

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• swapping or trashing with vast amounts of unmapped pagecache

  - by Marco

  I'm using kubuntu jaunty (i386 32bit), kernel 2.6.28-13-generic. I've 4Gb of RAM, of which only 3317Mb are seen by the system (I guess because of the 32bit system). I'm seeing that the pagecache utilization is continually growing, up to the point that the system is unusable (after a few days). This happens also when I don't do anything (all user applications closed and the bare minimum of services enabled). If enabled, the system starts to use swap space (using it all in the end). Even if swap is disabled, disk activity becomes continuous, with the system unresponsive. For example, right now the system is working (albeit a tad slow), with only firefox and wing ide running, and I have 2Gb cached with only 45Mb mapped: $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3247328 99060 0 8416 2117980 -/+ buffers/cache: 1120932 2225456 Swap: 2144668 519448 1625220 $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 3346388 kB MemFree: 97128 kB Buffers: 7872 kB Cached: 2120224 kB SwapCached: 413860 kB Active: 2304596 kB Inactive: 865984 kB Active(anon): 2279168 kB Inactive(anon): 830236 kB Active(file): 25428 kB Inactive(file): 35748 kB Unevictable: 32 kB Mlocked: 32 kB HighTotal: 2492940 kB HighFree: 5456 kB LowTotal: 853448 kB LowFree: 91672 kB SwapTotal: 2144668 kB SwapFree: 1625244 kB Dirty: 84 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 629304 kB Mapped: 45768 kB Slab: 45600 kB SReclaimable: 21756 kB SUnreclaim: 23844 kB PageTables: 4468 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 3817860 kB Committed_AS: 3735020 kB VmallocTotal: 122880 kB VmallocUsed: 9352 kB VmallocChunk: 66600 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB DirectMap4k: 16376 kB DirectMap4M: 888832 kB If I try to drop the caches, little happes: # sync ; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches ; free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3346388 3220580 125808 0 3020 2100600 -/+ buffers/cache: 1116960 2229428 Swap: 2144668 519356 1625312 Right now I've vm.swappiness = 5, but I've tried also with 0 and 1 (without noticeable differences). I've also tried vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 and 150 (again, no differences). As I said the pagecache eats all memory even with swapping turned off. What is happening? How to avoid this? TIA, Marco

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• FTP timing out after login

  - by Imran

  For some reasons I cant access any of my accounts on my dedicated server via FTP. It simply times out when it tried to display the directories. Heres a log from FileZila... Status: Resolving address of testdomain.com Status: Connecting to 64.237.58.43:21... Status: Connection established, waiting for welcome message... Response: 220---------- Welcome to Pure-FTPd [TLS] ---------- Response: 220-You are user number 3 of 50 allowed. Response: 220-Local time is now 19:39. Server port: 21. Response: 220-This is a private system - No anonymous login Response: 220-IPv6 connections are also welcome on this server. Response: 220 You will be disconnected after 15 minutes of inactivity. Command: USER testaccount Response: 331 User testaccount OK. Password required Command: PASS ******** Response: 230-User testaccount has group access to: testaccount Response: 230 OK. Current restricted directory is / Command: SYST Response: 215 UNIX Type: L8 Command: FEAT Response: 211-Extensions supported: Response: EPRT Response: IDLE Response: MDTM Response: SIZE Response: REST STREAM Response: MLST type*;size*;sizd*;modify*;UNIX.mode*;UNIX.uid*;UNIX.gid*;unique*; Response: MLSD Response: ESTP Response: PASV Response: EPSV Response: SPSV Response: ESTA Response: AUTH TLS Response: PBSZ Response: PROT Response: 211 End. Status: Connected Status: Retrieving directory listing... Command: PWD Response: 257 "/" is your current location Command: TYPE I Response: 200 TYPE is now 8-bit binary Command: PASV Response: 227 Entering Passive Mode (64,237,58,43,145,153) Command: MLSD Response: 150 Accepted data connection Response: 226-ASCII Response: 226-Options: -a -l Response: 226 18 matches total Error: Connection timed out Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing I have restarted the FTP service serveral times but still It doesnt loads. I only have this problem when my server is reaching it peak usage which is still only 1.0 (4 cores), 40% of 4GB ram. The ftp connections isnt maxed out because only me and my colleague have access to FTP on the server.

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