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• Why from a virtualized Ubuntu system I can't discover the ip address of my router?

  - by AndreaNobili

  I am not into computer network and I have the following problem finding my router IP address. I have a Windows 8 PC on on which it is installed VmWare Workstation that virtualizes Linux Ubuntu. The network adapter settings of this Virtual Machine is setted as NAT. Now my problem is that if in the Windows 8 DOS shell I perform the ifconfig statment I obtain C:\Users\Andrea>ipconfig Configurazione IP di Windows Scheda Ethernet tap0: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: techub.lan Scheda Ethernet Connessione di rete Bluetooth: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Scheda LAN wireless Connessione alla rete locale (LAN)* 11: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Scheda LAN wireless Wi-Fi: Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: DSL2750B Indirizzo IPv6 locale rispetto al collegamento . : fe80::89ff:6d12:49cf:4354%13 Indirizzo IPv4. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.3 Subnet mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Gateway predefinito . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1 Scheda Ethernet Ethernet: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Scheda Ethernet VMware Network Adapter VMnet1: Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Indirizzo IPv6 locale rispetto al collegamento . : fe80::edb3:8352:f954:2b0c%23 Indirizzo IPv4. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.129.1 Subnet mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Gateway predefinito . . . . . . . . . : Scheda Ethernet VMware Network Adapter VMnet8: Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Indirizzo IPv6 locale rispetto al collegamento . : fe80::d00b:8c6e:98b:f1ec%24 Indirizzo IPv4. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.15.1 Subnet mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Gateway predefinito . . . . . . . . . : Scheda Tunnel Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Scheda Tunnel isatap.techub.lan: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: techub.lan Scheda Tunnel isatap.{5B95051D-79AB-4147-92CF-3A2E16698432}: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Scheda Tunnel isatap.{340A5FAD-1597-402E-B658-29C37E8F7BC2}: Stato supporto. . . . . . . . . . . . : Supporto disconnesso Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: Scheda Tunnel isatap.DSL2750B: Suffisso DNS specifico per connessione: DSL2750B Indirizzo IPv6 locale rispetto al collegamento . : fe80::5efe:192.168.1.3%26 Gateway predefinito . . . . . . . . . : So, looking at the previous output it appear clear that the default gateway (my router) is: 192.168.1.1, infact if I open it into a browser it apear to me the login mask to enter in the router settings.... Ok, if now I open the virtualized Ubuntu shell and perform the route command I obtain this output: andrea@andrea-virtual-machine:~$ route Tabella di routing IP del kernel Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default 192.168.15.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 link-local * 255.255.0.0 U 1000 0 0 eth0 192.168.15.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 So, here it say to me that the default gateway is 192.168.15.2 (that is not my router ip address), why? My idea is that it could depend by the NAT. Because my Windows system is connected using the wireless but in the virtualized Ubuntu I see that I am connected to a "wired network". So I think that the NAT virtualize a network adapter (or something like this) and that 192.168.15.2 could be the ip address of this network adapter... But it seems strange to me because, as you can see in the previous ipconfig output the VmWare network adapter addresses are: 192.168.129.1 and 192.168.15.1. So I have also 2 others doubts: 1) What device represents the 192.168.15.2 ip address that the virtualized Ubuntu see as Default gateway but that is not my router? 2) What exactly do the two VmWare network adapter that I have configured into my Windows 8 system? There is a way to discover my router ip from the virtualized Ubuntu system ? Tnx Andrea

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• How to convert html textfield/area data to server-side txt file? [closed]

  - by olijake

  How can I make a script that will convert the text/data in a html textfield/textarea and send it to the server, which then saves it as a .txt file for storage? NOTE: I am hosting a website(for testing purposes) using Apache 2.2 on a Windows 7 machine. I downloaded PHP version 5.4.7, but have not yet installed on my server yet (not sure if I will need it, but also not sure how to install it). 1st problem: Saving text to server Html page/section with title textfield, text textarea, and submit button. You would enter a title, the text/notes you need in the textfield, then press the submit button to have it store the text in the textarea, as a .txt file on the server called .txt. 2nd problem: Opening text from server Html with list of all txt files OR textfield for entering in title, then submit button to send the title of the requested .txt file to the server, which would then load it up on the page. Here is what I have so far: (let me know if there is something that I should change or if something just isn't correct in the index.html code I have right now.) <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>Insert Title</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="Text/HTML; charset=UTF-8"/> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="save.INSERT_FILETYPE" name="textfile" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="title"><br/> <textarea rows="20" cols="100" id="text" name="text"></textarea><br/> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Text to Server"> </form><br/> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 4px;"><br/> <form method="post" action="open.INSERT_FILETYPE" name="textfile" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="text" name="title"><br/> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit Txt File Request"> </form><br/> <div>Opened text file displays here or goes on another page</div> </body> </html> I plan on using a server side language/script, but ANYTHING that gets the job done is fine. I already tried looking into using some ASP/jScript/PHP, but have had some trouble implementing it into my server. (ie: getting the modules loaded and telling the server what file types to parse.) I know this may be an extremely easy fix, but then in that case, hopefully you wouldn't mind helping me out a little :). If it turns out that this is MUCH more complicated than I expect, then feel free to let me know that, so I don't waste me time running in circles. I appreciate any help/assistance that you can provide, Thanks, Jake EDIT: Wrong Apache version. In response to the comments/closing of this thread: My question: "How exactly do I install the PHP module on the apache server? and is this even possible? and is this even recommended?" ^ In case I wasn't clear enough already To Clarify: I understand the basics of PHP, I just have trouble with INSTALLING PHP on the apache server. (I have used PHP before, but never successfully on apache (so far...)) For my script I wrote something similar to this already (using fopen() and a few other commands): <?php fopen("notes.txt", "r"); file_put_contents("notes.txt",teststring1); ?> I have used javascript for this task before also (although I prefer using PHP and server-side languages): <script language="javascript"> function WriteToFile(){ var fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject"); var s = fso.CreateTextFile("C:\\NewFile.txt", true); var text=document.getElementById("TextArea1").innerText; s.WriteLine(text); s.WriteLine('***********************'); s.Close(); } </script>

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• Strategy for using snapshots to back up Ubuntu Linux server?

  - by MountainX

  I need some backup advice for my home file server. Here are the mount points, volume groups, logical volumes and used/total space of all the volumes on my Ubuntu 8.10 home file server. / vgA/lvRoot [7.5G/50G] /tmp vgB/lvTmp [195M/30G] /var vgB/lvVar [780M/30G] swap vgB/lvSwap [16.00 GB] /media1 vgC/lvMedia1 [400G/975G] /media2 vgC/lvMedia2 [75G/295G] /boot partition (no volume group) [95M/200M] /video partition (no volume group) [450G/950G] /backups vgD/lvBackupTarget [800G/925G] /home vgE/lvHome [85G/200G] I have just added a 2.0 TB external USB drive that I would like to use to backup everything. (It will be a close fit to get it all on one 2.0 TB drive. I actually have a 2nd external USB drive if needed.) I'd like to backup "/", var, /media1, media2 and /home. I'll deal with /boot and /video separately since they are not logical volumes. For all the logical volumes I'm anticipating taking snapshots and then copying those snapshots to the 2.0 TB external USB drive. I have never done a task like that before. If I do that, I could use the tutorial I found here: http://www.howtoforge.com/linux_lvm_snapshots My questions are: What is the best overall strategy? Is it LVM snapshots, as I'm assuming? How should I prepare, subdivide and mount the 2.0 TB external USB drive? 2.a. Should I create one or more regular partitions or should I create a physical volume with one or more logical volumes? 2.b. Would it be advisable to extactly mirror the source pv/lv layout on the external drive, and if so, is this a good strategy? What's the best way to get the snapshots onto the external drive? dd? Even though this is a strategy question, feedback with actual commands is appreciated. I need step-by-step cookbook-style help because I don't do much server admin work. (Background: This is a home file server that I have rarely had to touch in about 2 years. It has done its job without much intervention. The really old PC that I used to back everything up recently failed, so I'm replacing that with the external USB drive(s) and I'd like to upgrade my backup strategy at the same time. Previously, I just copied stuff from /backups over to the other computer and that would not have made things very easy in a real restore situation. The /backups mount point contains backup copies of "most" of the important data on a file by file basis, but it does not contain copies of /boot, etc. BTW, the actual internal HDD that holds /backups is separate from the other storage devices.) EDIT: I'll propose a strategy... The idea came from a comment here: LVM mirroring VS RAID1 "LVM mirrors are for replication of a logical volume to a different physical volume. It's essentially meant to "move the data to a different disk". The mirror is then broken..." That would fit my requirements well. Here is an ideal situation: establish the LV mirror on the external drive break the link with the mirror create a (persistent) snapshot on the mirror after a week, resync the mirror with the original source and update the mirror break the link and create another snapshot on the mirror. Obviously, the mirror will be like a weekly full backup. And the snapshots on the mirror will represent earlier points in time. If this would work and if it would be time efficient, it would give a nice full & differential type backup on the external drive based on LVM. I have not heard of a strategy like this before. Will it work? Could it be scripted? Thoughts? EDIT 2: Creating Portable DiskSafes With LoopbackFS And LVM Snapshots This article seems intriguing: http://www.howtoforge.com/creating-portable-disksafes-with-loopbackfs-and-lvm-snapshots Unfortunately, I don't understand exactly how to map those ideas to the strategy I'm proposing above. I'm going to ask this last bit as a separate question. I will leave my original question in place because I still desire feedback on the overall best strategy. At this moment I'm assuming it is LVM mirroring in the style of "Creating Portable DiskSafes with LVM Snapshots" but that might be wrong.

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• Simple Observation in Django: How Can I Correctly Modify The `attrs` sent to __new__ of a Django Mod

  - by DGGenuine

  Hello, I'm a strong proponent of the observer pattern, and this is what I'd like to be able to do in my Django models.py: class AModel(Model): __metaclass__ = SomethingMagical @post_save(AnotherModel) @classmethod def observe_another_model_saved(klass, sender, instance, created, **kwargs): pass @pre_init('YetAnotherModel') @classmethod def observe_yet_another_model_initializing(klass, sender, *args, **kwargs): pass @post_delete('DifferentApp.SomeModel') @classmethod def observe_some_model_deleted(klass, sender, **kwargs): pass This would connect a signal with sender = the decorator's argument and receiver = the decorated method. Right now my signal connection code all exists in __init__.py which is okay, but a little unmaintainable. I want this code all in one place, the models.py file. Thanks to helpful feedback from the community I'm very close (I think.) (I'm using a metaclass solution instead of the class decorator solution in the previous question/answer because you can't set attributes on classmethods, which I need.) I am having a strange error I don't understand. At the end of my post are the contents of a models.py that you can pop into a fresh project/application to see the error. Set your database to sqlite and add the application to installed apps. This is the error: Validating models... Unhandled exception in thread started by Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages//lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 48, in inner_run File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 253, in validate raise CommandError("One or more models did not validate:\n%s" % error_text) django.core.management.base.CommandError: One or more models did not validate: local.myothermodel: 'my_model' has a relation with model MyModel, which has either not been installed or is abstract. I've indicated a few different things you can comment in/out to fix the error. First, if you don't modify the attrs sent to the metaclass's __new__, then the error does not arise. (Note even if you copy the dictionary element by element into a new dictionary, it still fails; only using the exact attrs dictionary works.) Second, if you reference the first model by class rather than by string, the error also doesn't arise regardless of what you do in __new__. I appreciate your help. I'll be githubbing the solution if and when it works. Maybe other people would enjoy a simplified way to use Django signals to observe application happenings. #models.py from django.db import models from django.db.models.base import ModelBase from django.db.models import signals import pdb class UnconnectedMethodWrapper(object): sender = None method = None signal = None def __init__(self, signal, sender, method): self.signal = signal self.sender = sender self.method = method def post_save(sender): return _make_decorator(signals.post_save, sender) def _make_decorator(signal, sender): def decorator(view): return UnconnectedMethodWrapper(signal, sender, view) return decorator class ConnectableModel(ModelBase): """ A meta class for any class that will have static or class methods that need to be connected to signals. """ def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): unconnecteds = {} ## NO WORK newattrs = {} for name, attr in attrs.iteritems(): if isinstance(attr, UnconnectedMethodWrapper): unconnecteds[name] = attr newattrs[name] = attr.method #replace the UnconnectedMethodWrapper with the method it wrapped. else: newattrs[name] = attr ## NO WORK # newattrs = {} # for name, attr in attrs.iteritems(): # newattrs[name] = attr ## WORKS # newattrs = attrs new = super(ConnectableModel, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, newattrs) for name, unconnected in unconnecteds.iteritems(): _connect_signal(unconnected.signal, unconnected.sender, getattr(new, name), new._meta.app_label) return new def _connect_signal(signal, sender, receiver, default_app_label): # full implementation also accepts basestring as sender and will look up model accordingly signal.connect(sender=sender, receiver=receiver) class MyModel(models.Model): __metaclass__ = ConnectableModel @post_save('In my application this string matters') @classmethod def observe_it(klass, sender, instance, created, **kwargs): pass @classmethod def normal_class_method(klass): pass class MyOtherModel(models.Model): ## WORKS # my_model = models.ForeignKey(MyModel) ## NO WORK my_model = models.ForeignKey('MyModel')

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• Any tool to make git build every commit to a branch in a seperate repository?

  - by Wayne

  A git tool that meets the specs below is needed. Does one already exists? If not, I will create a script and make it available on GitHub for others to use or contribute. Is there a completely different and better way to solve the need to build/test every commit to a branch in a git repository? Not just to the latest but each one back to a certain staring point. Background: Our development environment uses a separate continuous integration server which is wonderful. However, it is still necessary to do full builds locally on each developer's PC to make sure the commit won't "break the build" when pushed to the CI server. Unfortunately, with auto unit tests, those build force the developer to wait 10 or 15 minutes for a build every time. To solve this we have setup a "mirror" git repository on each developer PC. So we develop in the main repository but anytime a local full build is needed. We run a couple commands in a in the mirror repository to fetch, checkout the commit we want to build, and build. It's works extremely lovely so we can continue working in the main one with the build going in parallel. There's only one main concern now. We want to make sure every single commit builds and tests fine. But we often get busy and neglect to build several fresh commits. Then if it the build fails you have to do a bisect or manually figure build each interim commit to figure out which one broke. Requirements for this tool. The tool will look at another repo, origin by default, fetch and compare all commits that are in branches to 2 lists of commits. One list must hold successfully built commits and the other lists commits that failed. It identifies any commit or commits not yet in either list and begins to build them in a loop in the order that they were committed. It stops on the first one that fails. The tool appropriately adds each commit to either the successful or failed list after it as attempted to build each one. The tool will ignore any "legacy" commits which are prior to the oldest commit in the success list. This logic makes the starting point possible in the next point. Starting Point. The tool building a specific commit so that, if successful it gets added to the success list. If it is the earliest commit in the success list, it becomes the "starting point" so that none of the commits prior to that are examined for builds. Only linear tree support? Much like bisect, this tool works best on a commit tree which is, at least from it's starting point, linear without any merges. That is, it should be a tree which was built and updated entirely via rebase and fast forward commits. If it fails on one commit in a branch it will stop without building the rest that followed after that one. Instead if will just move on to another branch, if any. The tool must do these steps once by default but allow a parameter to loop with an option to set how many seconds between loops. Other tools like Hudson or CruiseControl could do more fancy scheduling options. The tool must have good defaults but allow optional control. Which repo? origin by default. Which branches? all of them by default. What tool? by default an executable file to be provided by the user named "buildtest", "buildtest.sh" "buildtest.cmd", or buildtest.exe" in the root folder of the repository. Loop delay? run once by default with option to loop after a number of seconds between iterations.

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• Again WPA Connection problem even after changed to latest version ..please help

  - by Renjith G

  I am using hostapd, wireless tools with madwifi for my wireless ap in my board. The WEP, WPA-PSK connections and communications between my board with linux and my desktop PC, Windows XP SP2 (with Olitec USB wireless) are fine. But when I configured the WPA type, the connection seems established but shows the status "TKIP - Key Absent" in the security dialog box. Anyone faced this problem? Am attaching the conf files and the connection status. In the AP side am complaining . I am using the in built radius server conf with the hostapd 0.4.7 hostapd.conf interface=ath0 driver=madwifi logger_syslog=0 logger_syslog_level=0 logger_stdout=0 logger_stdout_level=0 debug=0 eapol_key_index_workaround=1 dump_file=/tmp/hostapd.dump.0.0 ssid=Renjith G wpa wpa=1 wpa_passphrase=mypassphrase wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-EAP wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP wpa_group_rekey=600 macaddr_acl=2 /* commented */ ieee8021x=1 /* commented */ eap_authenticator=1 own_ip_addr=172.16.25.1 nas_identifier=renjithg.com auth_server_addr=172.16.25.1 auth_server_port=1812 auth_server_shared_secret=key1 ca_cert=/flash1/ca.crt server_cert=/flash1/server.crt eap_user_file=/etc/hostapd.eap_user hostapd.eap_user "*@renjithg.com" TLS And the commands am using are wlanconfig ath0 create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode ap iwconfig ath0 essid Renjith channel 6 ifconfig ath0 192.168.25.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf Please correct if am wrong .. Also am getting the debug messages on my AP when am connecting in my windows machine through WPA ~/wlanexe # ./hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf Configuration file: /etc/hostapd.conf Line 18: obsolete eap_authenticator used; this has been renamed to eap_server madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=0 Using interface ath0 with hwaddr 00:0b:6b:33:8c:30 and ssid 'Renjith G wpa' madwifi_set_ieee8021x: enabled=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: group key cipher=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: pairwise key ciphers=0xa madwifi_configure_wpa: key management algorithms=0x1 madwifi_configure_wpa: rsn capabilities=0x0 madwifi_configure_wpa: enable WPA= 0x1 madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=1 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=1 WPA: group state machine entering state GTK_INIT GMK - hexdump(len=32): 9c 77 cd 38 5a 60 3b 16 8a 22 90 e8 65 b3 c2 86 40 5c be c3 dd 84 3e df 58 1d 16 61 1d 13 d1 f2 GTK - hexdump(len=32): 02 78 d7 d3 5d 15 e3 89 9c 62 a8 fe 8a 0f 40 28 ba dc cd bc 07 f4 59 88 1c 08 84 2b 49 3d e2 32 WPA: group state machine entering state SETKEYSDONE madwifi_set_key: alg=TKIP addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 Flushing old station entries madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=3 Deauthenticate all stations l2_packet_receive - recvfrom: Network is down Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state DISCONNECTED WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 < Register Fail < Register Fail Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state DISCONNECTED WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state INITIALIZE madwifi_del_key: addr=00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 key_idx=0 WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK_GROUP entering state IDLE WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION WPA: 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 WPA_PTK entering state AUTHENTICATION2 IEEE 802.1X: 4 bytes from 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 IEEE 802.1X: version=1 type=1 length=0 NOW am getting the following error message with latest tools. *This is the latest error messages..please refer this only..* ~/wlanexe # ./hostapd -ddd /etc/hostapd.conf TLS: Trusted root certificate(s) loaded madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=0 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=0 BSS count 1, BSSID mask ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (0 bits) Flushing old station entries madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=3 ioctl[IEEE80211_IOCTL_SETMLME]: Invalid argument madwifi_sta_deauth: Failed to deauth STA (addr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason 3) Could not connect to kernel driver. Deauthenticate all stations madwifi_sta_deauth: addr=ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason_code=2 ioctl[IEEE80211_IOCTL_SETMLME]: Invalid argument madwifi_sta_deauth: Failed to deauth STA (addr ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff reason 2) madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=0 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=0 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=2 madwifi_del_key: addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=3 Using interface ath0 with hwaddr 00:0b:6b:33:8c:30 and ssid 'RenjithGwpa' SSID - hexdump_ascii(len=11): 52 65 6e 6a 69 74 68 47 77 70 61 RenjithGwpa PSK (ASCII passphrase) - hexdump_ascii(len=12): 6d 79 70 61 73 73 70 68 72 61 73 65 mypassphrase PSK (from passphrase) - hexdump(len=32): a6 55 3e 76 94 8b d9 81 a1 22 5e 24 29 83 33 86 11 a8 7e 93 19 7c a9 ab ab cc 12 58 37 e5 35 b6 RADIUS local address: 172.16.25.1:1024 madwifi_set_ieee8021x: enabled=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: group key cipher=1 madwifi_configure_wpa: pairwise key ciphers=0xa madwifi_configure_wpa: key management algorithms=0x1 madwifi_configure_wpa: rsn capabilities=0x0 madwifi_configure_wpa: enable WPA=0x1 WPA: group state machine entering state GTK_INIT (VLAN-ID 0) GMK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED] GTK - hexdump(len=32): [REMOVED] WPA: group state machine entering state SETKEYSDONE (VLAN-ID 0) madwifi_set_key: alg=TKIP addr=00:00:00:00:00:00 key_idx=1 madwifi_set_privacy: enabled=1 madwifi_set_iface_flags: dev_up=1 ath0: Setup of interface done. l2_packet_receive - recvfrom: Network is down Wireless event: cmd=0x8b1a len=24 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c04 len=20 Wireless event: cmd=0x8c03 len=20 New STA ioctl[unknown???]: Invalid argument madwifi_process_wpa_ie: Failed to get WPA/RSN IE Failed to get WPA/RSN information element. Data frame from not associated STA 00:0a:78:a0:0b:09

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• How can I get the output of a command terminated by a alarm() call in Perl?

  - by rockyurock

  Case 1 If I run below command i.e iperf in UL only, then i am able to capture the o/p in txt file @output = readpipe("iperf.exe -u -c 127.0.0.1 -p 5001 -b 3600k -t 10 -i 1"); open FILE, ">Misplay_DL.txt" or die $!; print FILE @output; close FILE; Case 2 When I run iperf in DL mode , as we know server will start listening in cont. mode like below even after getting data from client (Here i am using server and client on LAN) @output = system("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 -i 1"); on server side: D:\_IOT_SESSION_RELATED\SEEM_ELEMESNTS_AT_COMM_PORT_CONF\Tput_Related_Tools\AUTO MATION_APP_\AUTOMATION_UTILITYiperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 ------------------------------------------------------------ Server listening on UDP port 5001 Receiving 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [1896] local 192.168.5.101 port 5001 connected with 192.168.5.101 port 4878 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams [1896] 0.0- 2.0 sec 881 KBytes 3.58 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/ 614 (0%) command prompt does not appear , process is contd... on client side: D:\_IOT_SESSION_RELATED\SEEM_ELEMESNTS_AT_COMM_PORT_CONF\Tput_Related_Tools\AUTO MATION_APP_\AUTOMATION_UTILITYiperf.exe -u -c 192.168.5.101 -p 5001 -b 3600k -t 2 -i 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 192.168.5.101, UDP port 5001 Sending 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [1880] local 192.168.5.101 port 4878 connected with 192.168.5.101 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [1880] 0.0- 1.0 sec 441 KBytes 3.61 Mbits/sec [1880] 1.0- 2.0 sec 439 KBytes 3.60 Mbits/sec [1880] 0.0- 2.0 sec 881 KBytes 3.58 Mbits/sec [1880] Server Report: [1880] 0.0- 2.0 sec 881 KBytes 3.58 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/ 614 (0%) [1880] Sent 614 datagrams D:\_IOT_SESSION_RELATED\SEEM_ELEMESNTS_AT_COMM_PORT_CONF\Tput_Related_Tools\AUTO MATION_APP_\AUTOMATION_UTILITY so with this as server is cont. listening and never terminates so can't take output of server side to a txt file as it is going to the next command itself to create a txt file so i adopted the alarm() function to terminate the server side (iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001) commands after it received all data from the client. could anybody suggest me the way.. Here is my code: #! /usr/bin/perl -w my $command = "iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"; my @output; eval { local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { die "Timeout\n" }; alarm 20; #@output = `$command`; #my @output = readpipe("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"); #my @output = exec("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"); my @output = system("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"); alarm 0; }; if ($@) { warn "$command timed out.\n"; } else { print "$command successful. Output was:\n", @output; } open FILE, ">display.txt" or die $!; print FILE @output_1; close FILE; i know that with system command i cannot capture the o/p to a txt file but i tried with readpipe() and exec() calls also but in vain... could some one please take a look and let me know why the iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 is not terminating even after the alarm call and to take the out put to a txt file

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• How can I read the verbose output from a Cmdlet in C# using Exchange Powershell

  - by mrkeith

  Environment: Exchange 2007 sp3 (2003 sp2 mixed mode) Visual Studio 2008, .Net 3.5 Hello, I'm working with an Exchange powershell move-mailbox cmdlet and have noted when I do so from the Exchange Management shell (using the Verbose switch) there is a ton of real-time information provided. To provide a little context, I'm attempting to create a UI application that moves mailboxes similarly to the Exchange Management Console but desire to support an input file and specific server/database destinations for each entry (and threading). Here's roughly what I have at present but I'm not sure if there is an event I need to register for or what... And to be clear, I desire to get this information in real-time so I may update my UI to reflect what's occurring in the move sequence for the appropriate user (pretty much like the native functionality offered in the Management Console). And in case you are wondering, the reason why I'm not content with the Management Console functionality is, I have an algorithm which I'm using to balance users depending on storage limit, Blackberry use, journaling, exception mailbox size etc which demands user be mapped to specific locations... and I do not desire to create many/several move groups for each common destination or to hunt for lists of users individually through the management console UI. I can not seem to find any good documentation or examples of how to tie into reading the verbose messages that are provided within the console using C# (I see value in being able to read this kind of information in many different scenarios). I've explored the Invoke and InvokeAsync methods and the StateChanged & DataReady events but none of these seem to provide the information (verbose comments) that I'm after. Any direction or examples that can be provided will be very appreciated! A code sample which is little more than how I would ordinarily call any other powershell command follows: // config to use ExMgmt shell, create runspace and open it RunspaceConfiguration rsConfig = RunspaceConfiguration.Create(); PSSnapInException snapInException = null; PSSnapInInfo info = rsConfig.AddPSSnapIn("Microsoft.Exchange.Management.PowerShell.Admin", out snapInException); if (snapInException != null) throw snapInException; Runspace runspace = RunspaceFactory.CreateRunspace(rsConfig); try { runspace.Open(); // create a pipeline and feed script text Pipeline pipeline = runspace.CreatePipeline(); string targetDatabase = @"myServer\myStorageGroup\myDB"; string mbxOwner = "[email protected]"; Command myMoveMailbox = new Command("Move-Mailbox", false, false); myMoveMailbox.Parameters.Add("Identity", mbxOwner); myMoveMailbox.Parameters.Add("TargetDatabase", targetDatabase); myMoveMailbox.Parameters.Add("Verbose"); myMoveMailbox.Parameters.Add("ValidateOnly"); myMoveMailbox.Parameters.Add("Confirm", false); pipeline.Commands.Add(myMoveMailbox); System.Collections.ObjectModel.Collection output = null; // these next few lines that are commented out are where I've tried // registering for events and calling asynchronously but this doesn't // seem to get me anywhere closer // //pipeline.StateChanged += new EventHandler(pipeline_StateChanged); //pipeline.Output.DataReady += new EventHandler(Output_DataReady); //pipeline.InvokeAsync(); //pipeline.Input.Close(); //return; tried these variations that are commented out but none seem to be useful output = pipeline.Invoke(); // Check for errors in the pipeline and throw an exception if necessary if (pipeline.Error != null && pipeline.Error.Count 0) { StringBuilder pipelineError = new StringBuilder(); pipelineError.AppendFormat("Error calling Test() Cmdlet. "); foreach (object item in pipeline.Error.ReadToEnd()) pipelineError.AppendFormat("{0}\n", item.ToString()); throw new Exception(pipelineError.ToString()); } foreach (PSObject psObject in output) { // blah, blah, blah // this is normally where I would read details about a particular PS command // but really pertains to a command once it finishes and has nothing to do with // the verbose messages that I'm after... since this part of the methods pertains // to the after-effects of a command having run, I'm suspecting I need to look to // the asynch invoke method but am not certain or knowing how. } } finally { runspace.Close(); } Thanks! Keith

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• OpenVPN Client timing out

  - by Austin

  I recently installed OpenVPN on my Ubuntu VPS. Whenenver I try to connect to it, I can establish a connection just fine. However, everything I try to connect to times out. If I try to ping something, it will resolve the IP, but will time out after resolving the IP. (So DNS Server seems to be working correctly) My server.conf has this relevant information (At least I think it's relevant. I'm not sure if you need more or not) # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local a.b.c.d # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca ca.crt cert server.crt key server.key # This file should be kept secret # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh dh1024.pem # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8" push "dhcp-option DNS 8.8.4.4" # Uncomment this directive to allow different # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nogroup # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I've tried on multiple computers by the way. The same result on all of them. What could be wrong? Thanks in advance, and if you need other information I'll gladly post it. Information for new comments root@vps:~# iptables -L -n -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 862K packets, 51M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 3 packets, 382 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 ACCEPT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 4641 298K ACCEPT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 0 0 REJECT all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-port-unreachable Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 1671K packets, 2378M bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination And root@vps:~# iptables -t nat -L -n -v Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 17937 packets, 2013K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 8975 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1579 103K SNAT all -- * * 10.8.0.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 to:SERVERIP Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 8972 packets, 562K bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination

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• Unable to launch onscreen keyboard (osk.exe) from a 32-bit process on Win7 x64

  - by Steven Robbins

  90% of the time I am unable to launch osk.exe from a 32bit process on Win7 x64. Originally the code was just using: Process.Launch("osk.exe"); Which won't work on x64 because of the directory virtualization. Not a problem I thought, I'll just disable virtualization, launch the app, and enable it again, which I thought was the correct way to do things. I also added some code to bring the keyboard back up if it has been minimized (which works fine) - the code (in a sample WPF app) now looks as follows: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Windows; using System.Windows.Controls; using System.Windows.Data; using System.Windows.Documents; using System.Windows.Input; using System.Windows.Media; using System.Windows.Media.Imaging; using System.Windows.Navigation;using System.Diagnostics; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace KeyboardTest { /// <summary> /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] private static extern bool Wow64DisableWow64FsRedirection(ref IntPtr ptr); [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern bool Wow64RevertWow64FsRedirection(IntPtr ptr); private const UInt32 WM_SYSCOMMAND = 0x112; private const UInt32 SC_RESTORE = 0xf120; [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] static extern IntPtr SendMessage(IntPtr hWnd, UInt32 Msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); private string OnScreenKeyboadApplication = "osk.exe"; public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); } private void KeyboardButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // Get the name of the On screen keyboard string processName = System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(OnScreenKeyboadApplication); // Check whether the application is not running var query = from process in Process.GetProcesses() where process.ProcessName == processName select process; var keyboardProcess = query.FirstOrDefault(); // launch it if it doesn't exist if (keyboardProcess == null) { IntPtr ptr = new IntPtr(); ; bool sucessfullyDisabledWow64Redirect = false; // Disable x64 directory virtualization if we're on x64, // otherwise keyboard launch will fail. if (System.Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem) { sucessfullyDisabledWow64Redirect = Wow64DisableWow64FsRedirection(ref ptr); } // osk.exe is in windows/system folder. So we can directky call it without path using (Process osk = new Process()) { osk.StartInfo.FileName = OnScreenKeyboadApplication; osk.Start(); osk.WaitForInputIdle(2000); } // Re-enable directory virtualisation if it was disabled. if (System.Environment.Is64BitOperatingSystem) if (sucessfullyDisabledWow64Redirect) Wow64RevertWow64FsRedirection(ptr); } else { // Bring keyboard to the front if it's already running var windowHandle = keyboardProcess.MainWindowHandle; SendMessage(windowHandle, WM_SYSCOMMAND, new IntPtr(SC_RESTORE), new IntPtr(0)); } } } } But this code, most of the time, throws the following exception on osk.Start(): The specified procedure could not be found at System.Diagnostics.Process.StartWithShellExecuteEx(ProcessStartInfo startInfo) I've tried putting long Thread.Sleep commands in around the osk.Start line, just to make sure it wasn't a race condition, but the same problem persists. Can anyone spot where I'm doing something wrong, or provide an alternative solution for this? It seems to work fine launching Notepad, it just won't play ball with the onscreen keyboard.

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• mdadm raid5 recover double disk failure - with a twist (drive order)

  - by Peter Bos

  Let me acknowledge first off that I have made mistakes, and that I have a backup for most but not all of the data on this RAID. I still have hope of recovering the rest of the data. I don't have the kind of money to take the drives to a recovery expert company. Mistake #0, not having a 100% backup. I know. I have a mdadm RAID5 system of 4x3TB. Drives /dev/sd[b-e], all with one partition /dev/sd[b-e]1. I'm aware that RAID5 on very large drives is risky, yet I did it anyway. Recent events The RAID become degraded after a two drive failure. One drive [/dev/sdc] is really gone, the other [/dev/sde] came back up after a power cycle, but was not automatically re-added to the RAID. So I was left with a 4 device RAID with only 2 active drives [/dev/sdb and /dev/sdd]. Mistake #1, not using dd copies of the drives for restoring the RAID. I did not have the drives or the time. Mistake #2, not making a backup of the superblock and mdadm -E of the remaining drives. Recovery attempt I reassembled the RAID in degraded mode with mdadm --assemble --force /dev/md0, using /dev/sd[bde]1. I could then access my data. I replaced /dev/sdc with a spare; empty; identical drive. I removed the old /dev/sdc1 from the RAID mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 Mistake #3, not doing this before replacing the drive I then partitioned the new /dev/sdc and added it to the RAID. mdadm --add /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1 It then began to restore the RAID. ETA 300 mins. I followed the process via /proc/mdstat to 2% and then went to do other stuff. Checking the result Several hours (but less then 300 mins) later, I checked the process. It had stopped due to a read error on /dev/sde1. Here is where the trouble really starts I then removed /dev/sde1 from the RAID and re-added it. I can't remember why I did this; it was late. mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/sde1 mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/sde1 However, /dev/sde1 was now marked as spare. So I decided to recreate the whole array using --assume-clean using what I thought was the right order, and with /dev/sdc1 missing. mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 That worked, but the filesystem was not recognized while trying to mount. (It should have been EXT4). Device order I then checked a recent backup I had of /proc/mdstat, and I found the drive order. md0 : active raid5 sdb1[0] sde1[4] sdd1[2] sdc1[1] 8790402048 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] I then remembered this RAID had suffered a drive loss about a year ago, and recovered from it by replacing the faulty drive with a spare one. That may have scrambled the device order a bit...so there was no drive [3] but only [0],[1],[2], and [4]. I tried to find the drive order with the Permute_array script: https://raid.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Permute_array.pl but that did not find the right order. Questions I now have two main questions: I screwed up all the superblocks on the drives, but only gave: mdadm --create --assume-clean commands (so I should not have overwritten the data itself on /dev/sd[bde]1. Am I right that in theory the RAID can be restored [assuming for a moment that /dev/sde1 is ok] if I just find the right device order? Is it important that /dev/sde1 be given the device number [4] in the RAID? When I create it with mdadm --create /dev/md0 --assume-clean -l5 -n4 \ /dev/sdb1 missing /dev/sdd1 /dev/sde1 it is assigned the number [3]. I wonder if that is relevant to the calculation of the parity blocks. If it turns out to be important, how can I recreate the array with /dev/sdb1[0] missing[1] /dev/sdd1[2] /dev/sde1[4]? If I could get that to work I could start it in degraded mode and add the new drive /dev/sdc1 and let it resync again. It's OK if you would like to point out to me that this may not have been the best course of action, but you'll find that I realized this. It would be great if anyone has any suggestions.

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• Issues writing to serial port on MAC OSX using unistd.h in c

  - by Schuyler

  I am trying to write to a bluetooth device on MAC OSX using the unistd.h Linux functions in c. I am connecting fine and writing the first few bytes with success. When I try to write other commands to it (there are bytes added to the write buffer every 15ms), I don't see any results even though the write() function returns 1 (write success). If you start a write and it doesn't finish by the time you try to start another write (since it is non-blocking), could that possibly screw up the initial write? (If so, is there any way to check if a write has completed?) That is the only thing I can think of since the writes are occurring fairly frequently and the first two are successfully sent. qwbyte() simply adds a byte to the output array and increments its length The open port function: BAMid = -1; struct termios options; struct termios originalTTYAttrs; // Open the serial port read/write, nonblocking, with no controlling terminal, and don't wait for a connection. BAMid = open(strPath, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NONBLOCK); if (BAMid == -1) { printf("Error opening serial port %s - %s(%d).\n", strPath, strerror(errno), errno); goto error; } // Issue TIOCEXCL ioctl to prevent additional opens except by root-owned processes. if (ioctl(BAMid, TIOCEXCL) == -1) { printf("Error setting TIOCEXCL on %s - %s(%d).\n", strPath, strerror(errno), errno); goto error; } // Get the current options and save them so we can restore the default settings later. if (tcgetattr(BAMid, &originalTTYAttrs) == -1) { printf("Error getting tty attributes %s - %s(%d).\n", strPath, strerror(errno), errno); goto error; } // The serial port attributes such as timeouts and baud rate are set by modifying the termios // structure and then calling tcsetattr() to cause the changes to take effect. Note that the // changes will not become effective without the tcsetattr() call. options = originalTTYAttrs; // Set raw input (non-canonical) mode, with reads blocking until either a single character // has been received or a one second timeout expires. [should be moot since we are leaving it as nonblocking] cfmakeraw(&options); options.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; options.c_cc[VTIME] = 10; cfsetspeed(&options, B57600); // Set 57600 baud options.c_cflag |= CS8; // Use 8 bit words // Cause the new options to take effect immediately. if (tcsetattr(BAMid, TCSANOW, &options) == -1) { printf("Error setting tty attributes %s - %s(%d).\n", strPath, strerror(errno), errno); goto error; } //flush old transmissions if (tcflush(BAMid,TCIOFLUSH) == -1) { printf("Error flushing BAM serial port - %s(%d).\n", strerror(errno), errno); } oBufLength = 0; // Ask it to start if (! qwbyte(CmdStart) ) { goto error; } if (! qwbyte(CmdFull) ) { goto error; } //this transmit works txbytes(); printf("success opening port!"); return -1; // Failure path error: if (BAMid != -1) { close(BAMid); } printf("returning an error--%d",errno); return errno; } The write function (txbytes): int i, bufSize, numBytes; if(oBufLength != 0) { //if the output array isn't empty //duplicating the output array and its size so it can //be overwritten while this write is occuring printf("about to transmit: "); for(i = 0; i < oBufLength; i++) { printf(" %u",oBuf[i]); tempBuf[i] = oBuf[i]; } printf("\n"); bufSize = oBufLength; oBufLength = 0; numBytes = write(BAMid, &tempBuf, bufSize); printf("bytes written = %d\n",numBytes); if (numBytes == -1) { printf("Error writing to port - %s(%d).\n", strerror(errno), errno); } return (numBytes 0); } else { return 0; }

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• How to Get The Output Of a command terminated by a alarm() call.

  - by rockyurock

  Case 1 If I run below command i.e iperf in UL only, then i am able to capture the o/p in txt file @output = readpipe("iperf.exe -u -c 127.0.0.1 -p 5001 -b 3600k -t 10 -i 1"); open FILE, ">Misplay_DL.txt" or die $!; print FILE @output; close FILE; Case 2 When I run iperf in DL mode , as we know server will start listening in cont. mode like below even after getting data from client (Here i am using server and client on LAN) @output = system("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 -i 1"); on server side: D:\_IOT_SESSION_RELATED\SEEM_ELEMESNTS_AT_COMM_PORT_CONF\Tput_Related_Tools\AUTO MATION_APP_\AUTOMATION_UTILITYiperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 ------------------------------------------------------------ Server listening on UDP port 5001 Receiving 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [1896] local 192.168.5.101 port 5001 connected with 192.168.5.101 port 4878 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth Jitter Lost/Total Datagrams [1896] 0.0- 2.0 sec 881 KBytes 3.58 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/ 614 (0%) command prompt does not appear , process is contd... on client side: D:\_IOT_SESSION_RELATED\SEEM_ELEMESNTS_AT_COMM_PORT_CONF\Tput_Related_Tools\AUTO MATION_APP_\AUTOMATION_UTILITYiperf.exe -u -c 192.168.5.101 -p 5001 -b 3600k -t 2 -i 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 192.168.5.101, UDP port 5001 Sending 1470 byte datagrams UDP buffer size: 8.00 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [1880] local 192.168.5.101 port 4878 connected with 192.168.5.101 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [1880] 0.0- 1.0 sec 441 KBytes 3.61 Mbits/sec [1880] 1.0- 2.0 sec 439 KBytes 3.60 Mbits/sec [1880] 0.0- 2.0 sec 881 KBytes 3.58 Mbits/sec [1880] Server Report: [1880] 0.0- 2.0 sec 881 KBytes 3.58 Mbits/sec 0.000 ms 0/ 614 (0%) [1880] Sent 614 datagrams D:\_IOT_SESSION_RELATED\SEEM_ELEMESNTS_AT_COMM_PORT_CONF\Tput_Related_Tools\AUTO MATION_APP_\AUTOMATION_UTILITY so with this as server is cont. listening and never terminates so can't take output of server side to a txt file as it is going to the next command itself to create a txt file so i adopted the alarm() function to terminate the server side (iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001) commands after it received all data from the client. could anybody suggest me the way.. Here is my code: #! /usr/bin/perl -w my $command = "iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"; my @output; eval { local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { die "Timeout\n" }; alarm 20; #@output = `$command`; #my @output = readpipe("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"); #my @output = exec("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"); my @output = system("iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001"); alarm 0; }; if ($@) { warn "$command timed out.\n"; } else { print "$command successful. Output was:\n", @output; } open FILE, ">display.txt" or die $!; print FILE @output_1; close FILE; i know that with system command i cannot capture the o/p to a txt file but i tried with readpipe() and exec() calls also but in vain... could some one please take a look and let me know why the iperf.exe -u -s -p 5001 is not terminating even after the alarm call and to take the out put to a txt file

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• Linux server apache httpd processes take i/o wait to close to 100% and lock down server

  - by user3682065

  For about 5 days now, and seemingly out of the blue, my linux server has started locking up from time to time. The pattern is always the same as far as I can tell from top and iotop commands around the time it starts happening: One or more httpd processes (usually one) hang and start using up 100% of CPU power, the %wa goes close to 100% and in the iotop I see several httpd processes with 99.99% in the IO column. I'm also running an SVN server on this machine through apache and the one way that I've been consistently able to reproduce this is to do an SVN commit of new files or an SVN update from the repository on this server (I am the only one using this SVN repository). This will always reproduce this scenario successfully, but until very recently I had no problems at all checking in/out of SVN. But sometimes it just happens for no detectable reason at all it seems. So it seems like there is some issue with my Apache that leads it to have processes use up a lot of read/write upon certain triggers. I was wondering if anyone could help me uncover that issue. EDIT: OK now it's happening again: This is top: [root@server ~]# top top - 10:56:54 up 2:59, 5 users, load average: 171.46, 70.35, 27.01 Tasks: 328 total, 2 running, 326 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.9%us, 2.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.0%id, 96.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2021144k total, 1968192k used, 52952k free, 2500k buffers Swap: 4194288k total, 2938584k used, 1255704k free, 39008k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 10390 apache 20 0 2774m 936m 6200 D 2.0 47.4 1:52.27 httpd 2149 root 20 0 927m 13m 1040 S 0.7 0.7 1:50.46 namecoind 11 root 20 0 0 0 0 R 0.3 0.0 0:30.10 events/0 23 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:17.88 kblockd/1 2049 root 20 0 382m 4932 2880 D 0.3 0.2 0:03.67 httpd 2144 root 20 0 1702m 69m 1164 S 0.3 3.5 5:19.68 bitcoind 6325 root 20 0 15164 1100 656 R 0.3 0.1 0:11.09 top 10311 apache 20 0 387m 9496 7320 D 0.3 0.5 0:01.89 httpd 10313 apache 20 0 391m 10m 7364 D 0.3 0.5 0:02.40 httpd 10466 apache 20 0 399m 12m 7392 D 0.3 0.7 0:02.41 httpd 10599 apache 20 0 391m 9324 7340 D 0.3 0.5 0:00.15 httpd 10628 apache 20 0 384m 7620 4052 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.01 httpd 10633 apache 20 0 384m 7048 3504 D 0.3 0.3 0:00.01 httpd 10634 apache 20 0 384m 8012 4048 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd 10638 apache 20 0 400m 22m 9.8m D 0.3 1.1 0:01.93 httpd 10640 apache 20 0 385m 8288 4028 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.03 httpd 10641 apache 20 0 401m 21m 6376 D 0.3 1.1 0:01.45 httpd 10759 apache 20 0 385m 8816 3480 D 0.3 0.4 0:01.45 httpd 10773 apache 20 0 384m 8044 3464 D 0.3 0.4 0:00.02 httpd This is an iotop snapshot: Total DISK READ: 5.93 M/s | Total DISK WRITE: 0.00 B/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO> COMMAND 10732 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 58.48 % httpd 876 be/3 root 0.00 B/s 52.68 K/s 0.00 % 52.98 % [jbd2/dm-1-8] 10906 be/4 root 124.17 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 23.03 % sh -c [ -x /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng ] && /usr/local/psa/admin/sbin/backupmng >/dev/null 2>&1 2156 be/4 root 206.94 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 21.15 % bitcoind 10904 be/4 mysql 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 18.94 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 10773 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 14.77 % httpd 10641 be/4 apache 15.05 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 11.57 % httpd 10399 be/4 apache 1057.29 K/s 0.00 B/s 43.16 % 10.56 % httpd 10682 be/4 sw-cp-se 158.03 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 7.45 % sw-engine-cgi -c /usr/local/psa/admin/conf/php.ini -d auto_prepend_file=auth.php3 -u psaadm 10774 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 6.53 % httpd 10624 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.53 % httpd 10356 be/4 apache 899.26 K/s 0.00 B/s 35.52 % 4.01 % httpd 10795 be/4 apache 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.93 % httpd 10804 be/4 apache 7.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.08 % httpd 4379 be/4 root 2.89 M/s 0.00 B/s 99.99 % 0.00 % namecoind 10619 be/4 apache 462.80 K/s 0.00 B/s 7.80 % 0.00 % httpd 10636 be/4 apache 3.76 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % httpd 10716 be/4 mysql 105.35 K/s 0.00 B/s 5.92 % 0.00 % mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock 1988 be/4 root 18.81 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % spamd_full.sock I also ran lsof -p for pid 10390 which was way up top under the top command and this is the bottom line where I can sort of see what request this was and it says CLOSE_WAIT: httpd 10390 apache 34u IPv6 315879 0t0 TCP default-domain.com:https->crawl-66-249-65-91.googlebot.com:42907 (CLOSE_WAIT) I'm still not sure what exactly is causing this all to happen though? I killed that service but %wa and load average remain high, I also stopped mysqld and other services. It really only goes down once I stop httpd altogether, and even then I can't start it without finding remaining hanging httpd processes via "netstat -tulpn", killing those or doing "killall -9 httpd" and after waiting a while for it to cycle through all those then doing /etc/init.d/httpd start

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• Pure JSP without mixing HTML, by writing html as Java-like code

  - by ADTC

  Please read before answering. This is a fantasy programming technique I'm dreaming up. I want to know if there's anything close in real life. The following JSP page: <% html { head { title {"Pure fantasy";} } body { h1 {"A heading with double quote (\") character";} p {"a paragraph";} String s = "a paragraph in string. the date is "; p { s; new Date().toString(); } table (Border.ZERO, new Padding(27)) { tr { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { td {i;} } } } } } %> could generate the following HTML page: <html> <head> <title>Pure fantasy</title> </head> <body> <h1>A heading with double quote (") character</h1> <p>a paragraph</p> <p>a paragraph in string. the date is 11 December 2012</p> <table border="0" padding="27"> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> </tr> </table> </body> </html> The thing about this fantasy is it reuses the same old Java programming language technique that enable customized keywords used in a way similar to if-else-then, while, try-catch etc to represent html tags in a non-html way that can easily be checked for syntactic correctness, and most importantly can easily be mixed up with regular Java code without being lost in a sea of <%, %>, <%=, out.write(), etc. An added feature is that strings can directly be placed as commands to print out into generated HTML, something Java doesn't support (where pure strings have to be assigned to variables before use). Is there anything in real life that comes close? If not, is it possible to define customized keywords in Java or JSP? Or do I have to create an entirely new programming language for that? What problems do you see with this kind of setup? PS: I know you can use HTML libraries to construct HTML using Java code, but the problem with such libraries is, the source code itself doesn't have a readable HTML representation like the code above does - if you get what I mean.

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• ssh login successful, but scp password gives me "Permission denied"

  - by YANewb

  I'm trying to get some blogging software up on an organizational remote server. I tried to set up a SSH Key but was having problems and decided that getting the blog up and running was more important than dealing with the SSH Key issue, so I ssh-keygen -R remoteserver.com. Now I can successfully login with ssh -v [email protected] and the correct password. Once logged in I can move around and read any file and directory that I should be able to read. But when I try to edit an existing -rw-r--r-- file with VIM, it shows up as read-only, if I try to edit permissions I get chmod: file.ext: Operation not permitted, and if I try to scp a new file from my local machine I'm prompted for the remote user's password, and then get scp: /home/path/to/file.ext: Permission denied. Since I didn't have any of these problems before I tried to set up the ssh key, I suspect these anomalies are a side effect of that, but I don't know how to troubleshoot this. So what does a foolish server-newb, such as myself, need to do to get edit capability back as a remote user? Addendum 1: My userids are different between my local machine and the remote server. For ssh I ssh -v [email protected]. if I whoami I get remoteuser For scp I scp file.ext [email protected]:/path/to/file.ext from the local directory with file.ext while logged in as the local user. if I whoami I get localuser The ls -l for two different files I've tried scp: -rw-r--r--@ 1 localuser localgroup 20 Feb 11 21:03 phpinfo.php -rw-r--r-- 1 root localgroup 4 Feb 11 22:32 test.txt The ls -l for the file I've tried to VIM: -rw-r--r-- 1 remoteuser remotegroup 76 Jul 27 2009 info.txt Addendum 2: In the past I've set up ssh-keys for git repositories. I don't want to completely destroy them, so in an attempt to follow a deer's train of thinking I renamed my ~/.ssh/ to ~/.ssh-bak/, then tested the different types of access. The abridged version of the terminal commands and results is below; I think everything is working until the 8th line from the end. localcomputer:~ localuser$ ssh -v [email protected] OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to remoteserver.com [###.###.###.###] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/localuser/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.8p2 FreeBSD-20110503 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p2 FreeBSD-20110503 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY The authenticity of host 'remoteserver.com (###.###.###.###)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is ##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##:##. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added 'remoteserver.com,###.###.###.###' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/localuser/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. Last login: Sun Feb 12 18:00:54 2012 from 68.69.164.123 FreeBSD 6.4-RELEASE-p8 (VKERN) #1 r101746: Mon Aug 30 10:34:40 MDT 2010 [remoteuser@remoteserver /home]$ ls -l total ### -rw-r--r-- 1 remoteuser remotegroup 76 Aug 12 2009 info.txt [remoteuser@remoteserver /home]$ vim info.txt ~ {at the bottom of the VIM screen it tells me it's [read only]} [remoteuser@remoteserver /home]$ whoami remoteuser [remoteuser@remoteserver /home]$ logout debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype [email protected] reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 Connection to remoteserver.com closed. Transferred: sent 3872, received 12496 bytes, in 107.4 seconds Bytes per second: sent 36.1, received 116.4 debug1: Exit status 0 localcomputer:localdirectory name$ scp -v phpinfo.php [email protected]:/home/www/remotedirectory/phpinfo.php Executing: program /usr/bin/ssh host remoteserver.com, user remoteuser, command scp -v -t /home/www/remotedirectory/phpinfo.php OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8l 5 Nov 2009 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to remoteserver.com [###.###.###.###] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/localuser/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.8p2 FreeBSD-20110503 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.8p2 FreeBSD-20110503 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'remoteserver.com' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/localuser/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/localuser/.ssh/identity debug1: Trying private key: /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /Users/localuser/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug1: Requesting [email protected] debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: Sending command: scp -v -t /home/www/remotedirectory/phpinfo.php Sending file modes: C0644 20 phpinfo.php Sink: C0644 20 phpinfo.php scp: /home/www/remotedirectory/phpinfo.php: Permission denied debug1: client_input_channel_req: channel 0 rtype exit-status reply 0 debug1: channel 0: free: client-session, nchannels 1 debug1: fd 0 clearing O_NONBLOCK debug1: fd 1 clearing O_NONBLOCK Transferred: sent 1456, received 2160 bytes, in 0.6 seconds Bytes per second: sent 2322.3, received 3445.1 debug1: Exit status 1

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• Best style for Python programs: what do you suggest?

  - by Noctis Skytower

  A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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• Problem with a blocking network task

  - by user326967

  Hello everyone. I'm new in Java so please forgive any obscene errors that I may make :) I'm developing a program in Java that among other things it should also handle clients that will connect to a server. The server has 3 threads running, and I have created them in the following way : DaemonForUI du; DaemonForPort da; DaemonForCheck dc; da = new DaemonForPort(3); dc = new DaemonForCheck(5); du = new DaemonForUI(7); Thread t_port = new Thread(da); Thread t_check = new Thread(dc); Thread t_ui = new Thread(du); t_port.setName("v1.9--PORTd"); t_check.setName("v1.9-CHECKd"); t_ui.setName("v1.9----UId"); t_port.start(); t_check.start(); t_ui.start(); Each thread handles a different aspect of the complete program. The thread t_ui is responsible to accept asynchronous incoming connections from clients, process the sent data and send other data back to the client. When I remove all the commands from the previous piece of code that has to with the t_ui thread, everything runs ok which in my case means that the other threads are printing their debug messages. If I set the t_ui thread to run too, then the whole program blocks at the "accept" of the t_ui thread. After reading at online manuals I saw that the accepted connections should be non-blocking, therefore use something like that : public ServerSocketChannel ssc = null; ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open(); ssc.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port)); ssc.configureBlocking(false); SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept(); if (sc == null) { ; } else { System.out.println("The server and client are connected!"); System.out.println("Incoming connection from: " + sc.socket().getRemoteSocketAddress()); in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(sc.socket().getInputStream())); out = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(sc.socket().getOutputStream())); //other magic things take place after that point... The thread for t_ui is created as follows : class DaemonForUI implements Runnable{ private int cnt; private int rr; public ListenerForUI serverListener; public DaemonForUI(int rr){ cnt = 0; this.rr = rr; serverListener = new ListenerForUI(); } public static String getCurrentTime() { final String DATE_FORMAT_NOW = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"; Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(DATE_FORMAT_NOW); return (sdf.format(cal.getTime())); } public void run() { while(true) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t (" + cnt + ")\t (every " + rr + " sec) @ " + getCurrentTime()); try{ Thread.sleep(rr * 1000); cnt++; } catch (InterruptedException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } } Obviously, I'm doing something wrong at the creation of the socket or at the use of the thread. Do you know what is causing the problem? Every help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Authlogic OpenID integration

  - by Craig

  I'm having difficulty getting OpenId authentication working with Authlogic. It appears that the problem arose with changes to the open_id_authentication plugin. From what I've read so far, one needs to switch from using gems to using plugins. Here's what I done thus far to get Authlogic-OpenID integration working: Removed relevant gems: authlogic authlogic-oid rack-openid ruby-openid * Installed, configured, and started the authlogic sample application (http://github.com/binarylogic/authlogic_example)--works as expected. This required: installing the authlogic (2.1.3) gem ($ sudo gem install authlogic) adding a dependency (config.gem "authlogic") to the environment.rb file. added migration to add open-id support to User model; ran migration; columns added as expected made changes to the UsersController and UserSessionsController to use blocks to save each. made changes to new user-sessions view to support open id (f.text_field :openid_identifier) installed open_id_authentication plugin ($ script/plugin install git://github.com/rails/open_id_authentication.git) installed the authlogic-oid plugin ($ script/plugin install git://github.com/binarylogic/authlogic_openid.git) installed the plugin ($ script/plugin install git://github.com/glebm/ruby-openid.git) restarted mongrel (CTRL-C; $ script/server) Mogrel failed to start, returning the following error: /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require': no such file to load -- rack/openid (MissingSourceFile) from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/plugins/open_id_authentication/lib/open_id_authentication.rb:3 from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/plugins/open_id_authentication/init.rb:5:in `evaluate_init_rb' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb:146:in `evaluate_init_rb' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/kernel/reporting.rb:11:in `silence_warnings' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb:142:in `evaluate_init_rb' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/plugin.rb:48:in `load' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/plugin/loader.rb:38:in `load_plugins' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/plugin/loader.rb:37:in `each' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/rails/plugin/loader.rb:37:in `load_plugins' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:348:in `load_plugins' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:163:in `process' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:113:in `send' from ./script/../config/../vendor/rails/railties/lib/initializer.rb:113:in `run' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/config/environment.rb:13 from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' from /Users/craibuc/NetBeansProjects/authlogic_example/vendor/rails/railties/lib/commands/server.rb:84 from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' from /Library/Ruby/Site/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' from script/server:3 I suspect this is related the rack-openid gem, but as it was dependent upon the ruby-openid gem, it was removed when the ruby-openid gem was removed. Perhaps this can be installed as a plugin. Any assistance with this matter is greatly appreciated--I'm just about to give up on OpenId integration. * ruby-openid (2.1.2) is installed at /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/1.8/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8. I'm not certain if this is affecting anything. In any case, I'm not sure how to uninstall it or if I should. ** edit ** It appears that there are a number of gems in the /Library/Ruby/Gems/1.8/gems directory that may be causing an issue: authlogic-oid (1.0.4) rack-openid (1.0.3) ruby-openid (2.1.7) Questions: - why doesn't the gem list command list these gems? - Why doesn't the gem uninstall command remove these gems?

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• Variable mysteriously changing value

  - by Eitan

  I am making a simple tcp/ip chat program for practicing threads and tcp/ip. I was using asynchronous methods but had a problem with concurrency so I went to threads and blocking methods (not asynchronous). I have two private variables defined in the class, not static: string amessage = string.Empty; int MessageLength; and a Thread private Thread BeginRead; Ok so I call a function called Listen ONCE when the client starts: public virtual void Listen(int byteLength) { var state = new StateObject {Buffer = new byte[byteLength]}; BeginRead = new Thread(ReadThread); BeginRead.Start(state); } and finally the function to receive commands and process them, I'm going to shorten it because it is really long: private void ReadThread(object objectState) { var state = (StateObject)objectState; int byteLength = state.Buffer.Length; while (true) { var buffer = new byte[byteLength]; int len = MySocket.Receive(buffer); if (len <= 0) return; string content = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(buffer, 0, len); amessage += cleanMessage.Substring(0, MessageLength); if (OnRead != null) { var e = new CommandEventArgs(amessage); OnRead(this, e); } } } Now, as I understand it only one thread at a time will enter BeginRead, I call Receive, it blocks until I get data, and then I process it. The problem: the variable amessage will change it's value between statements that do not touch or alter the variable at all, for example at the bottom of the function at: if (OnRead != null) "amessage" will be equal to 'asdf' and at if (OnRead != null) "amessage" will be equal to qwert. As I understand it this is indicative of another thread changing the value/running asynchronously. I only spawn one thread to do the receiving and the Receive function is blocking, how could there be two threads in this function and if there is only one thread how does amessage's value change between statements that don't affect it's value. As a side note sorry for spamming the site with these questions but I'm just getting a hang of this threading story and it's making me want to sip cyanide. Thanks in advance. EDIT: Here is my code that calls the Listen Method in the client: public void ConnectClient(string ip,int port) { client.Connect(ip,port); client.Listen(5); } and in the server: private void Accept(IAsyncResult result) { var client = new AbstractClient(MySocket.EndAccept(result)); var e = new CommandEventArgs(client, null); Clients.Add(client); client.Listen(5); if (OnClientAdded != null) { var target = (Control) OnClientAdded.Target; if (target != null && target.InvokeRequired) target.Invoke(OnClientAdded, this, e); else OnClientAdded(this, e); } client.OnRead += OnRead; MySocket.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(Accept), null); } All this code is in a class called AbstractClient. The client inherits the Abstract client and when the server accepts a socket it create's it's own local AbstractClient, in this case both modules access the functions above however they are different instances and I couldn't imagine threads from different instances combining especially as no variable is static.

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• Why does my token return NULL and how can I fix it?(c++)

  - by Van

  I've created a program to get a string input from a user and parse it into tokens and move a robot according to the input. The program is supposed to recognize these inputs(where x is an integer): "forward x" "back x" "turn left x" "turn right x" and "stop". The program does what it's supposed to for all commands except for "stop". When I type "stop" the program prints out "whats happening?" because I've written a line which states: if(token == NULL) { cout << "whats happening?" << endl; } Why does token get NULL, and how can I fix this so it will read "stop" properly? here is the code: bool stopper = 0; void Navigator::manualDrive() { VideoStream video(&myRobot, 0);//allows user to see what robot sees video.startStream(); const int bufSize = 42; char uinput[bufSize]; char delim[] = " "; char *token; while(stopper == 0) { cout << "Enter your directions below: " << endl; cin.getline(uinput,bufSize); Navigator::parseInstruction(uinput); } } /* parseInstruction(char *c) -- parses cstring instructions received * and moves robot accordingly */ void Navigator::parseInstruction(char * uinput) { char delim[] = " "; char *token; // cout << "Enter your directions below: " << endl; // cin.getline (uinput, bufSize); token=strtok(uinput, delim); if(token == NULL) { cout << "whats happening?" << endl; } if(strcmp("forward", token) == 0) { int inches; token = strtok(NULL, delim); inches = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.0735 * fabs(inches) - 0.0550); myRobot.forward(1, value); } else if(strcmp("back",token) == 0) { int inches; token = strtok(NULL, delim); inches = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.0735 * fabs(inches) - 0.0550); myRobot.backward(1/*speed*/, value/*time*/); } else if(strcmp("turn",token) == 0) { int degrees; token = strtok(NULL, delim); if(strcmp("left",token) == 0) { token = strtok(uinput, delim); degrees = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.00467 * degrees - 0.04); myRobot.turnLeft(1/*speed*/, value/*time*/); } else if(strcmp("right",token) == 0) { token = strtok(uinput, delim); degrees = atoi (token); double value = fabs(0.00467 * degrees - 0.04); myRobot.turnRight(1/*speed*/, value/*time*/); } } else if(strcmp("stop",token) == 0) { stopper = 1; } else { std::cerr << "Unknown command '" << token << "'\n"; } } /* autoDrive() -- reads in file from ifstream, parses * and moves robot according to instructions in file */ void Navigator::autoDrive(string filename) { const int bufSize = 42; char fLine[bufSize]; ifstream infile; infile.open("autodrive.txt", fstream::in); while (!infile.eof()) { infile.getline(fLine, bufSize); Navigator::parseInstruction(fLine); } infile.close(); } I need this to break out of the while loop and end manualDrive because in my driver program the next function called is autoDrive.

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• Differing styles in Python program: what do you suggest?

  - by Noctis Skytower

  A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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• Unknown error sourcing a script containing 'typeset -r' wrapped in command substitution

  - by Bernard Assaf

  I wish to source a script, print the value of a variable this script defines, and then have this value be assigned to a variable on the command line with command substitution wrapping the source/print commands. This works on ksh88 but not on ksh93 and I am wondering why. $ cat typeset_err.ksh #!/bin/ksh unset _typeset_var typeset -i -r _typeset_var=1 DIR=init # this is the variable I want to print When run on ksh88 (in this case, an AIX 6.1 box), the output is as follows: $ A=$(. ./typeset_err.ksh; print $DIR) $ echo $A init When run on ksh93 (in this case, a Linux machine), the output is as follows: $ A=$(. ./typeset_err.ksh; print $DIR) -ksh: _typeset_var: is read only $ print $A ($A is undefined) The above is just an example script. The actual thing I wish to accomplish is to source a script that sets values to many variables, so that I can print just one of its values, e.g. $DIR, and have $A equal that value. I do not know in advance the value of $DIR, but I need to copy files to $DIR during execution of a different batch script. Therefore the idea I had was to source the script in order to define its variables, print the one I wanted, then have that print's output be assigned to another variable via $(...) syntax. Admittedly a bit of a hack, but I don't want to source the entire sub-script in the batch script's environment because I only need one of its variables. The typeset -r code in the beginning is the error. The script I'm sourcing contains this in order to provide a semaphore of sorts--to prevent the script from being sourced more than once in the environment. (There is an if statement in the real script that checks for _typeset_var = 1, and exits if it is already set.) So I know I can take this out and get $DIR to print fine, but the constraints of the problem include keeping the typeset -i -r. In the example script I put an unset in first, to ensure _typeset_var isn't already defined. By the way I do know that it is not possible to unset a typeset -r variable, according to ksh93's man page for ksh. There are ways to code around this error. The favorite now is to not use typeset, but just set the semaphore without typeset (e.g. _typeset_var=1), but the error with the code as-is remains as a curiosity to me, and I want to see if anyone can explain why this is happening. By the way, another idea I abandoned was to grep the variable I need out of its containing script, then print that one variable for $A to be set to; however, the variable ($DIR in the example above) might be set to another variable's value (e.g. DIR=$dom/init), and that other variable might be defined earlier in the script; therefore, I need to source the entire script to make sure I all variables are defined so that $DIR is correctly defined when sourcing.

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• Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network lots of connections and high traffic for storage and streaming services

  - by Linux Guy

  I have two servers, Both servers hardware Specification are Processor : Dual Processor RAM : over 128 G.B Hard disk : SSD Hard disk Outging Traffic bandwidth : 3 Gbps network cards speed : 10 Gbps Server A : for Encoding videos Server B : for storage videos andstream videos over web interface like youtube The inbound bandwidth between two servers is 10Gbps , the outbound bandwidth internet bandwidth is 500Mpbs Both servers using public ip addresses in public and private network Both servers transfer and connection on nginx port , and the server B used for streaming media , like youtube stream videos Both servers in same network , when i do ping from Server A to Server B i got high time latency above 1.0ms , the time range time=52.7 ms to time=215.7 ms - This is the output of iftop utility 353Mb 707Mb 1.04Gb 1.38Gb 1.73Gb mqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqvqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq server.example.com => ip.address 6.36Mb 4.31Mb 1.66Mb <= 158Kb 94.8Kb 35.1Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.23Mb 4.28Mb 1.12Mb <= 17.1Kb 83.5Kb 21.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 395Kb 3.89Mb 1.07Mb <= 6.09Kb 109Kb 28.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 4.55Mb 3.83Mb 1.04Mb <= 55.6Kb 45.4Kb 13.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 649Kb 3.38Mb 1.47Mb <= 9.00Kb 38.7Kb 16.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 5.00Mb 3.32Mb 1.80Mb <= 65.7Kb 55.1Kb 29.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 387Kb 3.13Mb 1.06Mb <= 18.4Kb 39.9Kb 15.0Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.27Mb 3.11Mb 1.01Mb <= 81.2Kb 64.5Kb 20.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 3.08Mb 2.72Mb <= 16.6Kb 35.6Kb 32.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 1.75Mb 2.90Mb 2.79Mb <= 22.4Kb 32.6Kb 35.6Kb server.example.com => ip.address 3.03Mb 2.78Mb 1.82Mb <= 26.6Kb 27.4Kb 20.2Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.26Mb 2.66Mb 1.36Mb <= 51.7Kb 49.1Kb 24.4Kb server.example.com => ip.address 586Kb 2.50Mb 1.03Mb <= 4.17Kb 26.1Kb 10.7Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.42Mb 2.49Mb 2.44Mb <= 31.6Kb 29.7Kb 29.9Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.41Mb 2.46Mb 2.41Mb <= 26.4Kb 24.5Kb 23.8Kb server.example.com => ip.address 2.37Mb 2.39Mb 2.40Mb <= 28.9Kb 27.0Kb 28.5Kb server.example.com => ip.address 525Kb 2.20Mb 1.05Mb <= 7.03Kb 26.0Kb 12.8Kb qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq TX: cum: 102GB peak: 1.65Gb rates: 1.46Gb 1.44Gb 1.48Gb RX: 1.31GB 24.3Mb 19.5Mb 18.9Mb 20.0Mb TOTAL: 103GB 1.67Gb 1.48Gb 1.46Gb 1.50Gb I check the transfer speed using iperf utility From Server A to Server B # iperf -c 0.0.0.2 -p 8777 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 0.0.0.2, TCP port 8777 TCP window size: 85.3 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 0.0.0.1 port 38895 connected with 0.0.0.2 port 8777 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-10.8 sec 528 KBytes 399 Kbits/sec My Current Connections in Server B # netstat -an|grep ":8777"|awk '/tcp/ {print $6}'|sort -nr| uniq -c 2072 TIME_WAIT 28 SYN_RECV 1 LISTEN 189 LAST_ACK 139 FIN_WAIT2 373 FIN_WAIT1 3381 ESTABLISHED 34 CLOSING Server A Network Card Information Settings for eth0: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes Server B Network Card Information Settings for eth2: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: No Advertised link modes: 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: No Advertised auto-negotiation: No Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Direct Attach Copper PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: external Auto-negotiation: off Supports Wake-on: d Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes ifconfig server A eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:ED:9E:AA inet addr:0.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1202795665 errors:0 dropped:64334 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2313161968 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:893413096188 (832.0 GiB) TX bytes:3360949570454 (3.0 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:2207544 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) TX bytes:247769175 (236.2 MiB) ifconfig Server B eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:25:90:82:C4:FE inet addr:0.0.0.2 Bcast:0.0.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:39973046980 errors:0 dropped:1828387600 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:69618752480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:3013976063688 (2.7 TiB) TX bytes:102250230803933 (92.9 TiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1049495 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) TX bytes:129012422 (123.0 MiB) Netstat -i on Server B # netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth2 9000 0 42098629968 0 2131223717 0 73698797854 0 0 0 BMRU lo 65536 0 1077908 0 0 0 1077908 0 0 0 LRU I Turn up send/receive buffers on the network card to 2048 and problem still persist I increase the MTU for server A and problem still persist and i increase the MTU for server B for better connectivity and transfer speed but it couldn't transfer at all The problem is : as you can see from iperf utility, the transfer speed from server A to server B slow when i restart network service in server B the transfer in server A at full speed, after 2 minutes , it's getting slow How could i troubleshoot slow speed issue and fix it in server B ? Notice : if there any other commands i should execute in servers for more information, so it might help resolve the problem , let me know in comments

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• NetBeans 7.2 MinGW installing for OpenCV

  - by Gligorijevic

  i have installed minGW on my PC according to http://netbeans.org/community/releases/72/cpp-setup-instructions.html, and i have "restored defaults" using NetBeans 7.2 who has found all necessary files. But when I made test sample C++ app i got following error: c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -ladvapi32 c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lshell32 c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -luser32 c:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.6.2/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lkernel32 collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [dist/Debug/MinGW-Windows/welcome_1.exe] Error 1 make[1]: *** [.build-conf] Error 2 make: *** [.build-impl] Error 2 Can anyone give me a hand with installing openCV and minGW for NetBeans? generated Makefiles file goes like this: > # CMAKE generated file: DO NOT EDIT! > # Generated by "MinGW Makefiles" Generator, CMake Version 2.8 > > # Default target executed when no arguments are given to make. default_target: all .PHONY : default_target > > #============================================================================= > # Special targets provided by cmake. > > # Disable implicit rules so canonical targets will work. .SUFFIXES: > > # Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove. SUFFIXES = > > .SUFFIXES: .hpux_make_needs_suffix_list > > # Suppress display of executed commands. $(VERBOSE).SILENT: > > # A target that is always out of date. cmake_force: .PHONY : cmake_force > > #============================================================================= > # Set environment variables for the build. > > SHELL = cmd.exe > > # The CMake executable. CMAKE_COMMAND = "C:\Program Files (x86)\cmake-2.8.9-win32-x86\bin\cmake.exe" > > # The command to remove a file. RM = "C:\Program Files (x86)\cmake-2.8.9-win32-x86\bin\cmake.exe" -E remove -f > > # Escaping for special characters. EQUALS = = > > # The program to use to edit the cache. CMAKE_EDIT_COMMAND = "C:\Program Files (x86)\cmake-2.8.9-win32-x86\bin\cmake-gui.exe" > > # The top-level source directory on which CMake was run. CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR = C:\msys\1.0\src\opencv > > # The top-level build directory on which CMake was run. CMAKE_BINARY_DIR = C:\msys\1.0\src\opencv\build\mingw > > #============================================================================= > # Targets provided globally by CMake. > > # Special rule for the target edit_cache edit_cache: @$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --cyan > "Running CMake cache editor..." "C:\Program Files > (x86)\cmake-2.8.9-win32-x86\bin\cmake-gui.exe" -H$(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR) > -B$(CMAKE_BINARY_DIR) .PHONY : edit_cache > > # Special rule for the target edit_cache edit_cache/fast: edit_cache .PHONY : edit_cache/fast

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