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• Opinions on logging in multiprocess applications

  - by chkorn

  We have written an application that spawns at least 9 parallel processes. All processes generate a lot of logging information. Currently we are using Pythons QueueHandler to consolidate all logs into one file. Unfortunately this sometimes results in very messy files which make them hard to read (e.g. Track what exactly is going on in one thread). Do you think it is a viable option to separate all messages into dedicated files, or is this going to make things even more messy due to the high number of files? What are your general experiences when writing log files for multiprocessed/multithreaded applications?

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• How do I use setFilmSize in panda3d to achieve the correct view?

  - by lhk

  I'm working with Panda3d and recently switched my game to isometric rendering. I moved the virtual camera accordingly and set an orthographic lens. Then I implemented the classes "Map" and "Canvas". A canvas is a dynamically generated mesh: a flat quad. I'm using it to render the ingame graphics. Since the game itself is still set in a 3d coordinate system I'm planning to rely on these canvases to draw sprites. I could have named this class "Tile" but as I'd like to use it for non-tile sketches (enemies, environment) as well I thought canvas would describe it's function better. Map does exactly what it's name suggests. Its constructor receives the number of rows and columns and then creates a standard isometric map. It uses the canvas class for tiles. I'm planning to write a map importer that reads a file to create maps on the fly. Here's the canvas implementation: class Canvas: def __init__(self, texture, vertical=False, width=1,height=1): # create the mesh format=GeomVertexFormat.getV3t2() format = GeomVertexFormat.registerFormat(format) vdata=GeomVertexData("node-vertices", format, Geom.UHStatic) vertex = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'vertex') texcoord = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'texcoord') # add the vertices for a flat quad vertex.addData3f(1, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 0) vertex.addData3f(1, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 0) prim = GeomTriangles(Geom.UHStatic) prim.addVertices(0, 1, 2) prim.addVertices(2, 3, 0) self.geom = Geom(vdata) self.geom.addPrimitive(prim) self.node = GeomNode('node') self.node.addGeom(self.geom) # this is the handle for the canvas self.nodePath=NodePath(self.node) self.nodePath.setSx(width) self.nodePath.setSy(height) if vertical: self.nodePath.setP(90) # the most important part: "Drawing" the image self.texture=loader.loadTexture(""+texture+".png") self.nodePath.setTexture(self.texture) Now the code for the Map class class Map: def __init__(self,rows,columns,size): self.grid=[] for i in range(rows): self.grid.append([]) for j in range(columns): # create a canvas for the tile. For testing the texture is preset tile=Canvas(texture="../assets/textures/flat_concrete",width=size,height=size) x=(i-1)*size y=(j-1)*size # set the tile up for rendering tile.nodePath.reparentTo(render) tile.nodePath.setX(x) tile.nodePath.setY(y) # and store it for later access self.grid[i].append(tile) And finally the usage def loadMap(self): self.map=Map(10, 10, 1) this function is called within the constructor of the World class. The instantiation of world is the entry point to the execution. The code is pretty straightforward and runs good. Sadly the output is not as expected: Please note: The problem is not the white rectangle, it's my player object. The problem is that although the map should have equal width and height it's stretched weirdly. With orthographic rendering I expected the map to be a perfect square. What did I do wrong ? UPDATE: I've changed the viewport. This is how I set up the orthographic camera: lens = OrthographicLens() lens.setFilmSize(40, 20) base.cam.node().setLens(lens) You can change the "aspect" by modifying the parameters of setFilmSize. I don't know exactly how they are related to window size and screen resolution but after testing a little the values above seem to work for me. Now everything is rendered correctly as long as I don't resize the window. Every change of the window's size as well as switching to fullscreen destroys the correct rendering. I know that implementing a listener for resize events is not in the scope of this question. However I wonder why I need to make the Film's height two times bigger than its width. My window is quadratic ! Can you tell me how to find out correct setting for the FilmSize ? UPDATE 2: I can imagine that it's hard to envision the behaviour of the game. At first glance the obvious solution is to pass the window's width and height in pixels to setFilmSize. There are two problems with that approach. The parameters for setFilmSize are ingame units. You'll get a way to big view if you pass the pixel size For some strange reason the image is distorted if you pass equal values for width and height. Here's the output for setFilmSize(800,800) You'll have to stress your eyes but you'll see what I mean

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• Pythonic use of the isinstance function?

  - by Pace

  Whenever I find myself wanting to use the isinstance() function I usually know that I'm doing something wrong and end up changing my ways. However, in this case I think I have a valid use for it. I will use shapes to illustrate my point although I am not actually working with shapes. I am parsing XML configuration files that look like the following: <square> <width>7</width> </square> <rectangle> <width>5</width> <height>7</height> </rectangle> <circle> <radius>4</radius> </circle> For each element I create an instance of the Shape class and build up a list of Shape objects in a class called the ShapeContainer. Different parts of the rest of my application need to refer to the ShapeContainer to get certain shapes. Depending on what the code is doing it might need just rectangles, or it might operate on all quadrangles, or it might operate on all shapes. I have created the following function in the ShapeContainer class (the actual function uses a list comprehension but I have expanded it here for readability): def locate(self, shapeClass): result = [] for shape in self.__shapes: if isinstance(shape,shapeClass): result.append(shape) return result Is this a valid use of the isinstance function? Is there another way I can do this which might be more pythonic?

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• Keybindings for individual letter keys (not modifier-combinations) on a GtkTextView widget (Gtk3 and PyGI)

  - by monotasker

  I've been able to set several keybord shortcuts for a GtkTextView and a GtkTextEntry using the new css provider system. I'm finding, though, that I only seem to be able to establish keybindings for combinations including a modifier key. The widget doesn't respond to any bindings I set up that use: the delete key the escape key individual letter or punctuation keys alone Here's the code where I set up the css provider for the keybindings: #set up style context keys = Gtk.CssProvider() keys.load_from_path(os.path.join(data_path, 'keybindings.css')) #set up style contexts and css providers widgets = {'window': self.window, 'vbox': self.vbox, 'toolbar': self.toolbar, 'search_entry': self.search_entry, 'paned': self.paned, 'notelist_treeview': self.notelist_treeview, 'notelist_window': self.notelist_window, 'notetext_window': self.notetext_window, 'editor': self.editor, 'statusbar': self.statusbar } for l, w in widgets.iteritems(): w.get_style_context().add_provider(keys, Gtk.STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_USER) Then in keybindings.css this is an example of what works: @binding-set gtk-vi-text-view { bind "<ctrl>b" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, -5, 0) }; /* 5 lines up */ bind "<ctrl>k" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, -1, 0) }; /* down */ bind "<ctrl>j" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, 1, 0) }; /* up */ } Part of what I'm trying to do is just add proper delete-key function to the text widgets (right now the delete key does nothing at all). So if I add a binding like one of these, nothing happens: bind "Delete" { "delete-selection" () }; bind "Delete" { "delete-from-cursor" (chars, 1) }; The other part of what I want to do is more elaborate. I want to set up something like Vim's command and visual modes. So at the moment I'm just playing around with (a) setting the widget to editable=false by hitting the esc key; and (b) using homerow letters to move the cursor (as a proof-of-concept exercise). So far there's no response from the escape key or from the letter keys, even though the bindings work when I apply them to modifier-key combinations. For example, I do this in the css for the text-widget: bind "j" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, 1, 0) }; /* down */ bind "k" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, -1, 0) }; /* up */ bind "l" { "move-cursor" (logical-positions, 1, 0) }; /* right */ bind "h" { "move-cursor" (logical-positions, -1, 0) }; /* left */ but none of these bindings does anything, even if other bindings in the same set are respected. What's especially odd is that the vim-like movement bindings above are respected when I attach them to a GtkTreeView widget for navigating the tree-view options: @binding-set gtk-vi-tree-view { bind "j" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, 1) }; /* selection down */ bind "k" { "move-cursor" (display-lines, -1) }; /* selection up */ } So it seems like there are limitations or overrides of some kind on keybindings for the TextView widget (and for the del key?), but I can't find documentation of anything like that. Are these just things that can't be done with the css providers? If so, what are my alternatives for non-modified keybindings? Thanks.

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• redirecting in node.js behind mod_rewrite proxy

  - by chmanie

  I have a node.js application running behind an Apache mod_rewrite proxy configured in a .htaccess file like this: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =mydomain.com [OR] RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} =www.mydomain.com RewriteRule (.*) http://localhost:3000/$1 [QSA,P] When I now do a redirect (e.g. express' res.redirect()) inside my node.js application (which runs on port 3000), the user is always redirected to http://localhost:3000/ (which is in fact exactly what is defined above but not the desired behaviour). Is there any way around this?

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• Merge two different API calls into One

  - by dhilipsiva

  I have two different apps in my django project. One is "comment" and an other one is "files". A comment might save some file attached to it. The current way of creating a comment with attachments is by making two API calls. First one creates an actual comment and replies with the comment ID which serves as foreign key for the Files. Then for each file, a new request is made with the comment ID. Please note that file is a generic app, that can be used with other apps too. What is the cleanest way of making this into one API call? I want to have this as a single API call because I am in a situation where I need to send user an email with all the files as attachment when a comment is made. I know Queueing is the ideal way to do it. But I don't have the liberty to add queing to our stack now. So this was the only way I could think of.

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• RewriteRule not working at server level?

  - by Alexis Wilke

  I wanted to forbid some robots from doing certain things to my websites and decided to add a RewriteRule for that purpose. The rule works when put in one of my <VirtualHost *:80> tag and looks like this: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} libwww-perl RewriteCond %{REQUEST_METHOD} POST RewriteRule . - [F,L] However, I wanted to apply that to all my websites instead of just one of them. So with the newest version of Apache2 settings, I decided to put that code in the security.conf file. This file is defined under /etc/apache2/conf-available/... (and yes, I have a softlink from the /etc/apache2/conf-enabled/... directory.) However, if the definition is only in the conf-available/security.conf files, it somehow gets ignored. From the documentation, it says that these Rewrite* commands all work at server level! Any idea of what I would be missing?

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• apache domain redirect to subfolder

  - by Dennis

  I have a hosting account with godaddy. Its a linux system running apache. The way they do their setup is your primary domain is the root folder. When you add a subdomain its in a subfolder of the root which sucks. I want to setup a subfolder structure to organize my domains.. I called godday support and they said to use redirects.. but did not know how to do that.. How its setup now: primary domain: www.domain.com / sub.domain.com /sub I want to create a directory structure and then redirect to each but only show www.domain.com in the url www.domain.com /domain/www sub.domain.com /domain/sub I tried using: RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^(www.)?domain.com$ RewriteRule ^(/)?$ domain/www [L] but it just changes the url to www.domain.com/domain/www Can this be done in htaccess?

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• How do you go about understanding the source code of an Open source project?

  - by Anirudh Vemula

  I am planning to contribute code through patches to some open source organisations to become more aware of open source development. I have chosen some organisations but when I download their source code, I don't seem to understand even a bit of it. How do I go about understanding their source code? I tried going through resolving a bug but finding the place in the source code where the bug is present is also difficult when you have no idea about how the code is structured and implemented. I need help on this so I can start working on an open source code.

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• Help needed with pyparsing [closed]

  - by Zearin

  Overview So, I’m in the middle of refactoring a project, and I’m separating out a bunch of parsing code. The code I’m concerned with is pyparsing. I have a very poor understanding of pyparsing, even after spending a lot of time reading through the official documentation. I’m having trouble because (1) pyparsing takes a (deliberately) unorthodox approach to parsing, and (2) I’m working on code I didn’t write, with poor comments, and a non-elementary set of existing grammars. (I can’t get in touch with the original author, either.) Failing Test I’m using PyVows to test my code. One of my tests is as follows (I think this is clear even if you’re unfamiliar with PyVows; let me know if it isn’t): def test_multiline_command_ends(self, topic): output = parsed_input('multiline command ends\n\n',topic) expect(output).to_equal( r'''['multiline', 'command ends', '\n', '\n'] - args: command ends - multiline_command: multiline - statement: ['multiline', 'command ends', '\n', '\n'] - args: command ends - multiline_command: multiline - terminator: ['\n', '\n'] - terminator: ['\n', '\n']''') But when I run the test, I get the following in the terminal: Failed Test Results Expected topic("['multiline', 'command ends']\n- args: command ends\n- command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends']\n - args: command ends\n - command: multiline") to equal "['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n- args: command ends\n- multiline_command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n - args: command ends\n - multiline_command: multiline\n - terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']\n- terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']" Note: Since the output is to a Terminal, the expected output (the second one) has extra backslashes. This is normal. The test ran without issue before this piece of refactoring began. Expected Behavior The first line of output should match the second, but it doesn’t. Specifically, it’s not including the two newline characters in that first list object. So I’m getting this: "['multiline', 'command ends']\n- args: command ends\n- command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends']\n - args: command ends\n - command: multiline" When I should be getting this: "['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n- args: command ends\n- multiline_command: multiline\n- statement: ['multiline', 'command ends', '\\n', '\\n']\n - args: command ends\n - multiline_command: multiline\n - terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']\n- terminator: ['\\n', '\\n']" Earlier in the code, there is also this statement: pyparsing.ParserElement.setDefaultWhitespaceChars(' \t') …Which I think should prevent exactly this kind of error. But I’m not sure. Even if the problem can’t be identified with certainty, simply narrowing down where the problem is would be a HUGE help. Please let me know how I might take a step or two towards fixing this.

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• Naming a predicate: "precondition" or "precondition_is_met"?

  - by RexE

  In my web app framework, each page can have a precondition that needs to be satisfied before it can be displayed to the user. For example, if user 1 and user 2 are playing a back-and-forth role-playing game, user 2 needs to wait for user 1 to finish his turn before he can take his turn. Otherwise, the user is displayed a waiting page. This is implemented with a predicate: def precondition(self): return user_1.completed_turn The simplest name for this API is precondition, but this leads to code like if precondition(): ..., which is not really obvious. Seems to me like it is more accurate to call it precondition_is_met(), but not sure about that either. Is there a best practice for naming methods like this?

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• Update Manager won't open (error related to pythonverbose)

  - by Mateus Machado Luna

  I'm having an issue with update-manager. Last night, my computer restart suddenly during the update process. Now it won't open and it keep appearing on the notifier with a message warning that an error occurred. The error is the same that is displayed when I try to open it on the terminal: Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback: EOFError: EOF read where not expected Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/update-manager", line 26, in <module> from __future__ import print_function EOFError: EOF read where not expected I've already seen some questions here, but most of them are related to problems with ppas and the source.list file. This seems to be a bug on update-manager itself. I've already tried to remove it and install again, but the problem persists. I also noted another bug: my source-center doesn't open too. The message for it is similar to the other one: Error in sitecustomize; set PYTHONVERBOSE for traceback: EOFError: EOF read where not expected Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/command-not-found", line 5, in <module> from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function EOFError: EOF read where not expected For now I'm using apt-get update && upgrade for updating and the Synaptic for the source management. But I really would like to fix this stuff. Anyone can help? I'm with Ubuntu 12.10, Gnome-remix, 64-bits.

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• Mod_rewrite and urls that don't end with .php

  - by Kevin Laity

  I'm trying to use Mod_rewrite to hide the .php extensions of my pages. However, it refuses to do any rewriting unless the input url ends with .php, which makes that impossible. I can confirm that rewriting works fine as long as the url has .php at the end. RewriteRule a\.php b\.php Works, while RewriteRule a\.html b\.html does not. How can I turn off this behavior and allow it to rewrite all urls? I'm on a shared host so whatever I do has to be done from a .htaccess file. Update: There seems to be some confusion about what I'm asking here. The question is not about how to write the rule, the question is about server configuration. The rule I'm using is fine, I can test that locally. But the server I'm working with is somehow configured so that mod_rewrite doesn't attempt to rewrite anything that doesn't end with .php

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• Can't get activate_uri signal working when making a lens

  - by pub.david

  I'm trying to develop a lens for unity in ubuntu 11.10 and I can not get activate_uri signal working. This is an extract of my code: def _on_activate_uri (self, scop, uri): print "----> " + uri + "<-" ret=Unity.ActivationResponse.new(Unity.HandledType.HIDE_DASH,'') return ret and this is what I get back: TypeError: can't convert return value to desired type ../lens/appslens.py:230: Warning: g_object_get_qdata: assertion G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed GObject.MainLoop().run() ../lens/appslens.py:230: Warning: g_object_set_qdata_full: assertionG_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed GObject.MainLoop().run() ../lens/appslens.py:230: Warning: g_object_unref: assertion `G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed GObject.MainLoop().run() Does anyone has an idea where is my mistake ? Thanks in advance for your help

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• Using env variables with RewriteRule and ErrorDocument

  - by misterte

  Hi, I'm having problems with the following while config. my Apache server to Rewrite some urls. SetEnv PATH_TO_DIR /directory RewriteRule ^%{PATH_TO_DIR}/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-]+)/([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)/?$ /index.php?dir=$1&file=$2 ErrorDocument 404 %{PATH_TO_DIR}/index.php?dir=null&file=error This conf. used to work perfectly fine until I used SetEnv PATH... etc. I need to use this because there are lots of rules, not just those. Can anyone point out my mistake? Apache returns %{PATH_TO_DIR}/index.php?dir=null&file=error when I try anything (www.site.com/foo/bar for instance). Apache returns the ErrorDocument if i just try to fetch the index. I know it's not a problem with the rewrite rules because they work when I remove the PATH_TO_DIR variable and just hard code it. Thanks! A.

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• Best practice with pyGTK and Builder XML files

  - by Phoenix87

  I usually design GUI with Glade, thus producing a series of Builder XML files (one such file for each application window). Now my idea is to define a class, e.g. MainWindow, that inherits from gtk.Window and that implements all the signal handlers for the application main window. The problem is that when I retrieve the main window from the containing XML file, it is returned as a gtk.Window instance. The solution I have adopted so far is the following: I have defined a class "Window" in the following way class Window(): def __init__(self, win_name): builder = gtk.Builder() self.builder = builder builder.add_from_file("%s.glade" % win_name) self.window = builder.get_object(win_name) builder.connect_signals(self) def run(self): return self.window.run() def show_all(self): return self.window.show_all() def destroy(self): return self.window.destroy() def child(self, name): return self.builder.get_object(name) In the actual application code I have then defined a new class, say MainWindow, that inherits frow Window, and that looks like class Main(Window): def __init__(self): Window.__init__(self, "main") ### Signal handlers ##################################################### def on_mnu_file_quit_activated(self, widget, data = None): ... The string "main" refers to the main window, called "main", which resides into the XML Builder file "main.glade" (this is a sort of convention I decided to adopt). So the question is: how can I inherit from gtk.Window directly, by defining, say, the class Foo(gtk.Window), and recast the return value of builder.get_object(win_name) to Foo?

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• Runtime analysis

  - by Joe Smith

  can someone please help me with the analysis of the following function (for inputs of size n). The part that confuses me the most is the inner for loop. def prefix_sums(L): # Total cost = ? pSum = [] #cost = 1 for a in range(len(L)+1): # range + body of function = (n+1) + (n+1)*(body) ? s = 0 #cost = 1 for b in range(a): # cost = ? s = s + L[b] #cost = operation + accessing list = 2 pSum.append(s) #cost = 1 return pSum #cost = 1 What I need to do is figure out the cost of each statement.

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• Pro Google App Engine developer interview questions (with answers)

  - by WooYek

  What are good questions to determine if applicant is pro Google App Engine developer? Questions that can distinguish that someone is not an ad-hoc GAE programmer, but is really doing professional GAE development, with all areas concerned (eg. performance, transactions, async/batch data processing). Please provide answers, so an intermediate developer (such as myself :) can interview someone more experienced. Please avoid open questions. If possible please provide a link to a documentation part that's covering a topic in question. Please keep one interview question/answer per response for better reading experience and easier interview preparation.

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• Detecting Units on a Grid

  - by hammythepig

  I am making a little turn based strategy game in pygame, that uses a grid system as the main map to hold all the characters and the map layout. (Similar to Fire Emblem, or Advance Wars) I am trying to determine a way to quickly and efficiently (i.e. without too much of a slow down) check if there are any characters within a given range of the currently selected character. So to illustrate: O = currently selected character X = squares within range Range of 1: X X O X X Range of 2: X X X X X X O X X X X X X Range of 3: X X X X X X X X X X X X O X X X X X X X X X X X X Now I have to tell the user who is in range, and I have to let the user choose who to attack if there are multiple enemies in range. If I have a 5x5 grid, filled with " " for empty and numbers for the characters: [ ][ ][ ][ ][4] [ ][1][ ][ ][ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] [ ][ ][2][3][ ] [ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Depending on which character the user selects, I would like to show the user which other characters are in range. So if they all had a range of 3: 1 can hit 2 2 can hit 1 or 3 3 can hit 2 4 cannot hit anyone. So, How do I quickly and/or efficiently run though my grid and tell the user where the enemies are? PS- As a bonus, if someone could give an answer that could also work for a minimum distance type range, I would give them a pat on the back and a high five, should they ever travel to Canada and we ever meet in life. For example: Range of 3 to 5: (- is out of range) X X X X X X X X X X X X - X X X X X X - - - X X X X X X - - O - - X X X X X X - - - X X X X X X - X X X X X X X X X X X X

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• Teaching programming (languages) in central/northern Europe

  - by canavanin

  I hope this question is not going to be off-topic; in case you think there'd be a better place to ask it, please let me know. Anyway, I'm currently doing my PhD working in bioinformatics. I would, however, like to turn away from academia eventually and instead go into teaching programming or, preferably, programming languages (e.g. Perl, which feels like my "mother tongue"...) - not as a school teacher, but with a company (in Germany or Scandinavia). It'll take me another one to one and a half years to complete my PhD, so I would like to know how I could/should use that time to raise my chances of getting into the profession I'd be interested in. Are there any Perl certificates I should aim to obtain, for example? In case there's anything that comes to mind when reading this, please let me know. Thanks a lot in advance!

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• Pygame: Save a list of objects/classes/surfaces

  - by Sam Tubb

  I am working on a game, in which you can create mazes. You place blocks on a 16x16 grid, while choosing from a variety of block to make the level with. Whenever you create a block, it adds this class: class Block(object): def __init__(self,x,y,spr): self.x=x self.y=y self.sprite=spr self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) to a list called instances. I tried shelving it to a .bin file, but it returns some error dealing with surfaces. How can I go about saving and loading levels? Any help is appreciated! :) Here is the whole code for reference: import pygame from pygame.locals import * #initstuff pygame.init() screen=pygame.display.set_mode((640,480)) pygame.display.set_caption('PiMaze') instances=[] #loadsprites menuspr=pygame.image.load('images/menu.png').convert() b1spr=pygame.image.load('images/b1.png').convert() b2spr=pygame.image.load('images/b2.png').convert() currentbspr=b1spr curspr=pygame.image.load('images/curs.png').convert() curspr.set_colorkey((0,255,0)) #menu menuspr.set_alpha(185) menurect=menuspr.get_rect(x=-260,y=4) class MenuItem(object): def __init__(self,pos,spr): self.x=pos[0] self.y=pos[1] self.sprite=spr self.pos=(self.x,self.y) self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) class Block(object): def __init__(self,x,y,spr): self.x=x self.y=y self.sprite=spr self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) while True: #menu items b1menu=b1spr.get_rect(x=menurect.left+32,y=48) b2menu=b2spr.get_rect(x=menurect.left+64,y=48) menuitems=[MenuItem(b1menu,b1spr),MenuItem(b2menu,b2spr)] screen.fill((20,30,85)) mse=pygame.mouse.get_pos() key=pygame.key.get_pressed() placepos=((mse[0]/16)*16,(mse[1]/16)*16) if key[K_q]: if mse[0]<260: if menurect.right<255: menurect.right+=1 else: if menurect.left>-260: menurect.left-=1 else: if menurect.left>-260: menurect.left-=1 for e in pygame.event.get(): if e.type==QUIT: exit() if menurect.right<100: if e.type==MOUSEBUTTONUP: if e.button==1: to_remove = [i for i in instances if i.rect.collidepoint(placepos)] for i in to_remove: instances.remove(i) if not to_remove: instances.append(Block(placepos[0],placepos[1],currentbspr)) for i in instances: screen.blit(i.sprite,i.rect) if not key[K_q]: screen.blit(curspr,placepos) screen.blit(menuspr,menurect) for item in menuitems: screen.blit(item.sprite,item.pos) if item.rect.collidepoint(mse): if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()==(1,0,0): currentbspr=item.sprite pygame.draw.rect(screen, ((255,0,0)), item, 1) pygame.display.flip()

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• htaccess execution order and priority

  - by ChrisRamakers

  Can anyone explain to me in what order apache executes .htaccess files residing in different levels of the same path and how the rewrite rules therein are prioritized? For example, why doesn't the rewrite rule in the first .htaccess below work and is the one in /blog prioritized? .htaccess in / RewriteEngine on RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^blog offline.html [L] .htaccess in /blog RewriteEngine On RewriteBase /blog/ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /blog/index.php [L] Ps: i'm not simply looking for an answer but for a way to understand the apache/modrewrite internals ... why is more important to me than how to fix this :) Thanks!

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• dput keeps selecting the wrong ppa

  - by Neil Munro

  I am trying to upload my application for Ubuntu app showdown and I have built it with quickly package --extras, however when I run quickly submit ubuntu I get an email telling me the package was rejected because it was trying to upload to an older ppa I deleted months ago. I can upload the source to the right area with dput, but obviously I need a built deb package. This is starting to stress me out somewhat because I have been fighting this for over a day or more now. Any help is greatly appreciated, I understand quickly is supposed to do a lot of the grunt work for me so it's getting frustrating not knowing what's going on. Thanks, Neil

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• Removing 301 redirect from site root

  - by Jon Clements

  I'm having a look at a friends website (a fairly old PHP based one) which they've been advised needs re-structuring. The key points being: URLs should be lower case and more "friendly". The root of the domain should be not be re-directed. The first point I'm happy with (and the URLs needed tidying up anyway) and have a draft plan of action, however the second is baffling me as to not only the best way to do it, but also whether it should be done. Currently http://www.example.com/ is redirected to http://www.example.com/some-link-with-keywords/ using the follow index.php in the root of the Apache2 instance. <?php $nextpage = "some-link-with-keywords/"; header( "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently" ); header( "Status: 301 Moved Permanently" ); header("Location: $nextpage"); exit(0); // This is Optional but suggested, to avoid any accidental output ?> As far as I'm aware, this has been the case for around three years -- and I'm sorely tempted to advise to not worry about it. It would appear taking off the 301 could: Potentially affect page ranking (as the 'homepage' would disappear - although it couldn't disappear because of the next point...) Introduce maintainance issues as existing users would still have the re-directed page in their cache Following the above, introduce duplicate content Confuse Google/other SE's as to what the homepage actually is now I may be over-analysing this but I have a feeling it's not as simple as removing the 301 from the root, and 301'ing the previous target to the root... Any suggestions (including it's not worth it) are sincerely appreciated.

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• .htaccess language redirects with seo-friendly urls

  - by jlmmns

  How do I setup my .htaccess file to detect several languages, and redirect them to specific seo-friendly urls? Basically every url needs to go to index.php?lang=(...) So, for English language detection http://mysite.com has to go to http://mysite.com/en/ (index.php?lang=en) my .htaccess as of now (not working): RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP:HOST} http://mysite.com/ RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^en [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/en/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^de [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/de/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^nl [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/nl/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^fr [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/fr/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{HTTP:Accept-Language} ^es [NC] RewriteRule ^$ http://mysite.com/es/ [L,R=301] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-l RewriteRule ^(en|de|nl|fr|es)$ index.php?lang=$1 [L,QSA]

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