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• LSI 9285-8e and Supermicro SC837E26-RJBOD1 duplicate enclosure ID and slot numbers

  - by Andy Shinn

  I am working with 2 x Supermicro SC837E26-RJBOD1 chassis connected to a single LSI 9285-8e card in a Supermicro 1U host. There are 28 drives in each chassis for a total of 56 drives in 28 RAID1 mirrors. The problem I am running in to is that there are duplicate slots for the 2 chassis (the slots list twice and only go from 0 to 27). All the drives also show the same enclosure ID (ID 36). However, MegaCLI -encinfo lists the 2 enclosures correctly (ID 36 and ID 65). My question is, why would this happen? Is there an option I am missing to use 2 enclosures effectively? This is blocking me rebuilding a drive that failed in slot 11 since I can only specify enclosure and slot as parameters to replace a drive. When I do this, it picks the wrong slot 11 (device ID 46 instead of device ID 19). Adapter #1 is the LSI 9285-8e, adapter #0 (which I removed due to space limitations) is the onboard LSI. Adapter information: Adapter #1 ============================================================================== Versions ================ Product Name : LSI MegaRAID SAS 9285-8e Serial No : SV12704804 FW Package Build: 23.1.1-0004 Mfg. Data ================ Mfg. Date : 06/30/11 Rework Date : 00/00/00 Revision No : 00A Battery FRU : N/A Image Versions in Flash: ================ BIOS Version : 5.25.00_4.11.05.00_0x05040000 WebBIOS Version : 6.1-20-e_20-Rel Preboot CLI Version: 05.01-04:#%00001 FW Version : 3.140.15-1320 NVDATA Version : 2.1106.03-0051 Boot Block Version : 2.04.00.00-0001 BOOT Version : 06.253.57.219 Pending Images in Flash ================ None PCI Info ================ Vendor Id : 1000 Device Id : 005b SubVendorId : 1000 SubDeviceId : 9285 Host Interface : PCIE ChipRevision : B0 Number of Frontend Port: 0 Device Interface : PCIE Number of Backend Port: 8 Port : Address 0 5003048000ee8e7f 1 5003048000ee8a7f 2 0000000000000000 3 0000000000000000 4 0000000000000000 5 0000000000000000 6 0000000000000000 7 0000000000000000 HW Configuration ================ SAS Address : 500605b0038f9210 BBU : Present Alarm : Present NVRAM : Present Serial Debugger : Present Memory : Present Flash : Present Memory Size : 1024MB TPM : Absent On board Expander: Absent Upgrade Key : Absent Temperature sensor for ROC : Present Temperature sensor for controller : Absent ROC temperature : 70 degree Celcius Settings ================ Current Time : 18:24:36 3/13, 2012 Predictive Fail Poll Interval : 300sec Interrupt Throttle Active Count : 16 Interrupt Throttle Completion : 50us Rebuild Rate : 30% PR Rate : 30% BGI Rate : 30% Check Consistency Rate : 30% Reconstruction Rate : 30% Cache Flush Interval : 4s Max Drives to Spinup at One Time : 2 Delay Among Spinup Groups : 12s Physical Drive Coercion Mode : Disabled Cluster Mode : Disabled Alarm : Enabled Auto Rebuild : Enabled Battery Warning : Enabled Ecc Bucket Size : 15 Ecc Bucket Leak Rate : 1440 Minutes Restore HotSpare on Insertion : Disabled Expose Enclosure Devices : Enabled Maintain PD Fail History : Enabled Host Request Reordering : Enabled Auto Detect BackPlane Enabled : SGPIO/i2c SEP Load Balance Mode : Auto Use FDE Only : No Security Key Assigned : No Security Key Failed : No Security Key Not Backedup : No Default LD PowerSave Policy : Controller Defined Maximum number of direct attached drives to spin up in 1 min : 10 Any Offline VD Cache Preserved : No Allow Boot with Preserved Cache : No Disable Online Controller Reset : No PFK in NVRAM : No Use disk activity for locate : No Capabilities ================ RAID Level Supported : RAID0, RAID1, RAID5, RAID6, RAID00, RAID10, RAID50, RAID60, PRL 11, PRL 11 with spanning, SRL 3 supported, PRL11-RLQ0 DDF layout with no span, PRL11-RLQ0 DDF layout with span Supported Drives : SAS, SATA Allowed Mixing: Mix in Enclosure Allowed Mix of SAS/SATA of HDD type in VD Allowed Status ================ ECC Bucket Count : 0 Limitations ================ Max Arms Per VD : 32 Max Spans Per VD : 8 Max Arrays : 128 Max Number of VDs : 64 Max Parallel Commands : 1008 Max SGE Count : 60 Max Data Transfer Size : 8192 sectors Max Strips PerIO : 42 Max LD per array : 16 Min Strip Size : 8 KB Max Strip Size : 1.0 MB Max Configurable CacheCade Size: 0 GB Current Size of CacheCade : 0 GB Current Size of FW Cache : 887 MB Device Present ================ Virtual Drives : 28 Degraded : 0 Offline : 0 Physical Devices : 59 Disks : 56 Critical Disks : 0 Failed Disks : 0 Supported Adapter Operations ================ Rebuild Rate : Yes CC Rate : Yes BGI Rate : Yes Reconstruct Rate : Yes Patrol Read Rate : Yes Alarm Control : Yes Cluster Support : No BBU : No Spanning : Yes Dedicated Hot Spare : Yes Revertible Hot Spares : Yes Foreign Config Import : Yes Self Diagnostic : Yes Allow Mixed Redundancy on Array : No Global Hot Spares : Yes Deny SCSI Passthrough : No Deny SMP Passthrough : No Deny STP Passthrough : No Support Security : No Snapshot Enabled : No Support the OCE without adding drives : Yes Support PFK : Yes Support PI : No Support Boot Time PFK Change : Yes Disable Online PFK Change : No PFK TrailTime Remaining : 0 days 0 hours Support Shield State : Yes Block SSD Write Disk Cache Change: Yes Supported VD Operations ================ Read Policy : Yes Write Policy : Yes IO Policy : Yes Access Policy : Yes Disk Cache Policy : Yes Reconstruction : Yes Deny Locate : No Deny CC : No Allow Ctrl Encryption: No Enable LDBBM : No Support Breakmirror : No Power Savings : Yes Supported PD Operations ================ Force Online : Yes Force Offline : Yes Force Rebuild : Yes Deny Force Failed : No Deny Force Good/Bad : No Deny Missing Replace : No Deny Clear : No Deny Locate : No Support Temperature : Yes Disable Copyback : No Enable JBOD : No Enable Copyback on SMART : No Enable Copyback to SSD on SMART Error : Yes Enable SSD Patrol Read : No PR Correct Unconfigured Areas : Yes Enable Spin Down of UnConfigured Drives : Yes Disable Spin Down of hot spares : No Spin Down time : 30 T10 Power State : Yes Error Counters ================ Memory Correctable Errors : 0 Memory Uncorrectable Errors : 0 Cluster Information ================ Cluster Permitted : No Cluster Active : No Default Settings ================ Phy Polarity : 0 Phy PolaritySplit : 0 Background Rate : 30 Strip Size : 64kB Flush Time : 4 seconds Write Policy : WB Read Policy : Adaptive Cache When BBU Bad : Disabled Cached IO : No SMART Mode : Mode 6 Alarm Disable : Yes Coercion Mode : None ZCR Config : Unknown Dirty LED Shows Drive Activity : No BIOS Continue on Error : No Spin Down Mode : None Allowed Device Type : SAS/SATA Mix Allow Mix in Enclosure : Yes Allow HDD SAS/SATA Mix in VD : Yes Allow SSD SAS/SATA Mix in VD : No Allow HDD/SSD Mix in VD : No Allow SATA in Cluster : No Max Chained Enclosures : 16 Disable Ctrl-R : Yes Enable Web BIOS : Yes Direct PD Mapping : No BIOS Enumerate VDs : Yes Restore Hot Spare on Insertion : No Expose Enclosure Devices : Yes Maintain PD Fail History : Yes Disable Puncturing : No Zero Based Enclosure Enumeration : No PreBoot CLI Enabled : Yes LED Show Drive Activity : Yes Cluster Disable : Yes SAS Disable : No Auto Detect BackPlane Enable : SGPIO/i2c SEP Use FDE Only : No Enable Led Header : No Delay during POST : 0 EnableCrashDump : No Disable Online Controller Reset : No EnableLDBBM : No Un-Certified Hard Disk Drives : Allow Treat Single span R1E as R10 : No Max LD per array : 16 Power Saving option : Don't Auto spin down Configured Drives Max power savings option is not allowed for LDs. Only T10 power conditions are to be used. Default spin down time in minutes: 30 Enable JBOD : No TTY Log In Flash : No Auto Enhanced Import : No BreakMirror RAID Support : No Disable Join Mirror : No Enable Shield State : Yes Time taken to detect CME : 60s Exit Code: 0x00 Enclosure information: # /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -encinfo -a1 Number of enclosures on adapter 1 -- 3 Enclosure 0: Device ID : 36 Number of Slots : 28 Number of Power Supplies : 2 Number of Fans : 3 Number of Temperature Sensors : 1 Number of Alarms : 1 Number of SIM Modules : 0 Number of Physical Drives : 28 Status : Normal Position : 1 Connector Name : Port B Enclosure type : SES VendorId is LSI CORP and Product Id is SAS2X36 VendorID and Product ID didnt match FRU Part Number : N/A Enclosure Serial Number : N/A ESM Serial Number : N/A Enclosure Zoning Mode : N/A Partner Device Id : 65 Inquiry data : Vendor Identification : LSI CORP Product Identification : SAS2X36 Product Revision Level : 0718 Vendor Specific : x36-55.7.24.1 Number of Voltage Sensors :2 Voltage Sensor :0 Voltage Sensor Status :OK Voltage Value :5020 milli volts Voltage Sensor :1 Voltage Sensor Status :OK Voltage Value :11820 milli volts Number of Power Supplies : 2 Power Supply : 0 Power Supply Status : OK Power Supply : 1 Power Supply Status : OK Number of Fans : 3 Fan : 0 Fan Speed :Low Speed Fan Status : OK Fan : 1 Fan Speed :Low Speed Fan Status : OK Fan : 2 Fan Speed :Low Speed Fan Status : OK Number of Temperature Sensors : 1 Temp Sensor : 0 Temperature : 48 Temperature Sensor Status : OK Number of Chassis : 1 Chassis : 0 Chassis Status : OK Enclosure 1: Device ID : 65 Number of Slots : 28 Number of Power Supplies : 2 Number of Fans : 3 Number of Temperature Sensors : 1 Number of Alarms : 1 Number of SIM Modules : 0 Number of Physical Drives : 28 Status : Normal Position : 1 Connector Name : Port A Enclosure type : SES VendorId is LSI CORP and Product Id is SAS2X36 VendorID and Product ID didnt match FRU Part Number : N/A Enclosure Serial Number : N/A ESM Serial Number : N/A Enclosure Zoning Mode : N/A Partner Device Id : 36 Inquiry data : Vendor Identification : LSI CORP Product Identification : SAS2X36 Product Revision Level : 0718 Vendor Specific : x36-55.7.24.1 Number of Voltage Sensors :2 Voltage Sensor :0 Voltage Sensor Status :OK Voltage Value :5020 milli volts Voltage Sensor :1 Voltage Sensor Status :OK Voltage Value :11760 milli volts Number of Power Supplies : 2 Power Supply : 0 Power Supply Status : OK Power Supply : 1 Power Supply Status : OK Number of Fans : 3 Fan : 0 Fan Speed :Low Speed Fan Status : OK Fan : 1 Fan Speed :Low Speed Fan Status : OK Fan : 2 Fan Speed :Low Speed Fan Status : OK Number of Temperature Sensors : 1 Temp Sensor : 0 Temperature : 47 Temperature Sensor Status : OK Number of Chassis : 1 Chassis : 0 Chassis Status : OK Enclosure 2: Device ID : 252 Number of Slots : 8 Number of Power Supplies : 0 Number of Fans : 0 Number of Temperature Sensors : 0 Number of Alarms : 0 Number of SIM Modules : 1 Number of Physical Drives : 0 Status : Normal Position : 1 Connector Name : Unavailable Enclosure type : SGPIO Failed in first Inquiry commnad FRU Part Number : N/A Enclosure Serial Number : N/A ESM Serial Number : N/A Enclosure Zoning Mode : N/A Partner Device Id : Unavailable Inquiry data : Vendor Identification : LSI Product Identification : SGPIO Product Revision Level : N/A Vendor Specific : Exit Code: 0x00 Now, notice that each slot 11 device shows an enclosure ID of 36, I think this is where the discrepancy happens. One should be 36. But the other should be on enclosure 65. Drives in slot 11: Enclosure Device ID: 36 Slot Number: 11 Drive's postion: DiskGroup: 5, Span: 0, Arm: 1 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 48 WWN: Sequence Number: 11 Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 0 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0 PD Type: SATA Raw Size: 2.728 TB [0x15d50a3b0 Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 2.728 TB [0x15d40a3b0 Sectors] Coerced Size: 2.728 TB [0x15d400000 Sectors] Firmware state: Online, Spun Up Is Commissioned Spare : YES Device Firmware Level: A5C0 Shield Counter: 0 Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A SAS Address(0): 0x5003048000ee8a53 Connected Port Number: 1(path0) Inquiry Data: MJ1311YNG6YYXAHitachi HDS5C3030ALA630 MEAOA5C0 FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: None Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F) PI Eligibility: No Drive is formatted for PI information: No PI: No PI Drive's write cache : Disabled Drive's NCQ setting : Enabled Port-0 : Port status: Active Port's Linkspeed: 6.0Gb/s Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No Enclosure Device ID: 36 Slot Number: 11 Drive's postion: DiskGroup: 19, Span: 0, Arm: 1 Enclosure position: 0 Device Id: 19 WWN: Sequence Number: 4 Media Error Count: 0 Other Error Count: 0 Predictive Failure Count: 0 Last Predictive Failure Event Seq Number: 0 PD Type: SATA Raw Size: 2.728 TB [0x15d50a3b0 Sectors] Non Coerced Size: 2.728 TB [0x15d40a3b0 Sectors] Coerced Size: 2.728 TB [0x15d400000 Sectors] Firmware state: Online, Spun Up Is Commissioned Spare : NO Device Firmware Level: A580 Shield Counter: 0 Successful diagnostics completion on : N/A SAS Address(0): 0x5003048000ee8e53 Connected Port Number: 0(path0) Inquiry Data: MJ1313YNG1VA5CHitachi HDS5C3030ALA630 MEAOA580 FDE Enable: Disable Secured: Unsecured Locked: Unlocked Needs EKM Attention: No Foreign State: None Device Speed: 6.0Gb/s Link Speed: 6.0Gb/s Media Type: Hard Disk Device Drive Temperature :30C (86.00 F) PI Eligibility: No Drive is formatted for PI information: No PI: No PI Drive's write cache : Disabled Drive's NCQ setting : Enabled Port-0 : Port status: Active Port's Linkspeed: 6.0Gb/s Drive has flagged a S.M.A.R.T alert : No Update 06/28/12: I finally have some new information about (what we think) the root cause of this problem so I thought I would share. After getting in contact with a very knowledgeable Supermicro tech, they provided us with a tool called Xflash (doesn't appear to be readily available on their FTP). When we gathered some information using this utility, my colleague found something very strange: root@mogile2 test]# ./xflash.dat -i get avail Initializing Interface. Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) 1) SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) (50030480:00EE917F) (0.0.0.0) 2) SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) (50030480:00E9D67F) (0.0.0.0) 3) SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) (50030480:0112D97F) (0.0.0.0) This lists the connected enclosures. You see the 3 connected (we have since added a 3rd and a 4th which is not yet showing up) with their respective SAS address / WWN (50030480:00EE917F). Now we can use this address to get information on the individual enclosures: [root@mogile2 test]# ./xflash.dat -i 5003048000EE917F get exp Initializing Interface. Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) Reading the expander information.......... Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) B3 SAS Address: 50030480:00EE917F Enclosure Logical Id: 50030480:0000007F IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Component Identifier: 0x0223 Component Revision: 0x05 [root@mogile2 test]# ./xflash.dat -i 5003048000E9D67F get exp Initializing Interface. Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) Reading the expander information.......... Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) B3 SAS Address: 50030480:00E9D67F Enclosure Logical Id: 50030480:0000007F IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Component Identifier: 0x0223 Component Revision: 0x05 [root@mogile2 test]# ./xflash.dat -i 500304800112D97F get exp Initializing Interface. Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) Reading the expander information.......... Expander: SAS2X36 (SAS2x36) B3 SAS Address: 50030480:0112D97F Enclosure Logical Id: 50030480:0112D97F IP Address: 0.0.0.0 Component Identifier: 0x0223 Component Revision: 0x05 Did you catch it? The first 2 enclosures logical ID is partially masked out where the 3rd one (which has a correct unique enclosure ID) is not. We pointed this out to Supermicro and were able to confirm that this address is supposed to be set during manufacturing and there was a problem with a certain batch of these enclosures where the logical ID was not set. We believe that the RAID controller is determining the ID based on the logical ID and since our first 2 enclosures have the same logical ID, they get the same enclosure ID. We also confirmed that 0000007F is the default which comes from LSI as an ID. The next pointer that helps confirm this could be a manufacturing problem with a run of JBODs is the fact that all 6 of the enclosures that have this problem begin with 00E. I believe that between 00E8 and 00EE Supermicro forgot to program the logical IDs correctly and neglected to recall or fix the problem post production. Fortunately for us, there is a tool to manage the WWN and logical ID of the devices from Supermicro: ftp://ftp.supermicro.com/utility/ExpanderXtools_Lite/. Our next step is to schedule a shutdown of these JBODs (after data migration) and reprogram the logical ID and see if it solves the problem. Update 06/28/12 #2: I just discovered this FAQ at Supermicro while Google searching for "lsi 0000007f": http://www.supermicro.com/support/faqs/faq.cfm?faq=11805. I still don't understand why, in the last several times we contacted Supermicro, they would have never directed us to this article :\

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• Use windows 7 inside virtual box,as guest i mean, to create a Windows 7 USB using "Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool" ? (Linux as host)

  - by Abel Coto

  I want to download the Windows 7 professional iso (x32), from microsoft, and , i can do two things. Or buy a new burner , as mine doesn't work (i am trying to decide what dvd writer i could buy) or use a usb dongle to copy the iso to it , and install it via usb. I want to install Windows 7 in a netbook that now has debian,and in my pc. I think i have to buy only the license for the pc , as the netbook came with windows 7 preinstalled, so i suppose that i can use that serial to activate the windows , although i don't know how to install windows 7 starter instead of professional (i think if you remove a file from the iso, windows let you choose the edition to install). The problem is that in both pcs there isn't any windows , only debian. My father has a netbook with windows 7 starter, but i think it hasn't antivirus (at least until have the Karspersky Internet security for 3 pcs bought ), and i don't trust to make the usb there , if i don't now that there isn't any virus or malware. So i am trying to find a way of Create a Windows 7 usb installation , to at least be able to install windows 7 in the netbook without a external dvd writer. I know that with dd in linux you can copy a debian.iso to the usb , and then install debian with it (i've done it) using something like dd if=win7.iso of=/dev/sdb, but i don't know if this would work for windows 7 iso,and if dd will correctly copy the iso to the usb. I suppose that if you are able to boot and install windows 7 from the usb , is that the method works,and you can forget of problems later with the windows 7 installation (problems because some files could not be copied or like). So , i remembered that Microsoft created a tool to copy the iso to the usb using windows. So i thought that i could install in my pc , virtual box , as i have VT and 8 GB ram in it, and download the iso from microsoft ,install windows 7 in the virtual machine , and then copy the iso inside the machine , donwload the iso tool, and atach a usb to the pc, connect it to the guest , and use the tool to copy the iso to the USB. But i don't now if is possible to use a virtual machine to do this , or the virtualization could give problems with the usb, or something. I have found some minutes ago this How to make a windows 7 usb flash install media, from linux? The first method (dd) is the one i like more , and i trust more ( i don't now if the second method using ms-sys , works well , and if i can trust it. I understand that a iso is like a .rar , but no compressed,only containing the files ,so mount the iso and cp the data inside perhaps is ok. Although the method i like more is the microsoft one (more because is from microsoft , and i suppose they now what they do ,at least with this usb related thing, than anything). Perhaps worth more to buy a external dvd writer haha ... Should the virtual machine method work ?

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• Is there a Hyper-V virtual machine client for XP? Linux? Mac?

  - by mattlandis

  Is there a Hyper-V virtual machine client for XP? Linux? Mac? I'm aware that we could VNC or RDP into the virtual machine but the problem is if the VM is not running or is suspend the end user can't start it and IT needs to get involved. I guess what I'm looking for is something like VMconnect.exe that runs on xp or linux. Or, If I am totally barking up the wrong tree let me know. ;-)

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• Will this increase my Virtual private Server failing rate ?

  - by Spencer Lim

  Will this increase my Virtual private Server failing rate if i :- install Microsoft Window Server 2008 Enterprise install SQL server enterprise 2008 install IIS 7.5 install ASP.Net Mvc 2 install Microsoft Exchange << should live inside MWS2008 ? or standalone without OS? install Team foundation server << should live inside MWS2008 ? or standalone without OS? on one mini VPS with specification of DELL Poweredge R710 shared plan DDR3 ECC RAMs 16GB and -- 1GB for this VPS using DELL PERC 6i raid controller (this thing alone about 1.5k-2k) and the SAS HDD (15K RPM) (146GB) -- 33GB to this VPS each hdd is freaking fast over 300MB read / write possible with proper tuning the motherboard is a DELL and it has twin redundant PSU (870watt 85%eff) its running on Intel Xeon 5502 (Quad Core) x2 so about 8 physical proc (fairly share) is there any ruler to measure for this about one VPS can only install what what what service ? because of my resource is limited =.@ may i know if it is install in this way,maybe it seem like defeat the way of "VPS"... what will happen ? or any guideline on this issue (fully configuring the window server 2008 R2) ? Thx for reply

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• What are best practices on virtual lab/test bed architecture?

  - by WooYek

  I am currently preparing a new small virtual environment for development and testing with Windows Server + SQL Server + AD + Sharepoint + Exchange + IIS(ASP.NET) + Biztalk + ?, for a small (up to 5) dev team. What are pros and cons on different approaches, eg. splitting up over different machines or packing everything up per machine. I your experience what are the best practices I should follow in terms of architecture and various system/servers placement. What to share and what to split per person. I would like to achieve some flexibility for the dev and testing process (so teammebers would not be steeping on each other's toes) and limit administrative effort needed to propagate settings, integrate work items and revert changes when something breaks up. It's not supposed to be an everyday development working environment, more a tier 2 developer testing environment, and not yet an integration or QA testing environment with formal change process. IMO the two borderline solutions are: creating one all-inclusive machine for each dev team member giving them freedom to manage creating shared environment managed by the one with somehow formalized change request process What golden mean would you recommend, and why?

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• added ip-based virtual host to sites-available and created symlink to sites-enabled...but new domain

  - by lililili

  I added ip-based virtual host to sites-availble and created symlink to sites-enabled, but new domain times out. When i navigate to mynewdomain.com it says connection timed out. NameVirtualHost 12.12.12.12 <VirtualHost 12.12.12.12> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerName newdomain.com DocumentRoot /var/www/newdomain.com <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature On Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost>

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• Can MS Services for Unix be deployed and accessed from a shared drive?

  - by Ian C.

  I'm interested in experimenting with replacing our dependency on MKS with MS' Sevices for Unix toolset. I was wondering if anyone has any experience with deploying SFU on a shared drive? We like to, wherever possible, host our dev tools on one central NAS and call to the NAS to access the tools instead of rolling stuff out to each and every desktop. I'm not interested in the NFS support or ActiveState Perl. Really, none of the daemon technology is required here. I'm looking for replacements for the coreutils/binutils stuff you find in Linux (and MKS on Windows): sed, awk, csh, bash, grep, ls, find -- the meat-and-potates command line apps that our build and test scripts are built around. If I limit the install to just the Interix GNU Components (and maybe the Remote Connectivity components) will is run nicely from a shared location? To head off some questions: Yes, I've looked at Cygwin. Unfortunately it's performance in our build and test environment is poor. It runs considerably slower than MKS and it's not a direct drop-in replacement for MKS (thanks to its internal pathing and limitations with commands like 'ps'), so it's a tougher sell. Yes, I'm looking at the MinGW offering in parallel to this.

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• No persister for: <ClassName> issue with Fluent NHibernate

  - by Amit

  I have following code: //AutoMapConfig.cs using System; using FluentNHibernate.Automapping; namespace SimpleFNH.AutoMap { public class AutoMapConfig : DefaultAutomappingConfiguration { public override bool ShouldMap(Type type) { return type.Namespace == "Examples.FirstAutomappedProject.Entities"; } } } //CascadeConvention.cs using FluentNHibernate.Conventions; using FluentNHibernate.Conventions.Instances; namespace SimpleFNH.AutoMap { public class CascadeConvention : IReferenceConvention, IHasManyConvention, IHasManyToManyConvention { public void Apply(IManyToOneInstance instance) { instance.Cascade.All(); } public void Apply(IOneToManyCollectionInstance instance) { instance.Cascade.All(); } public void Apply(IManyToManyCollectionInstance instance) { instance.Cascade.All(); } } } //Item.cs namespace SimpleFNH.Entities { public class Item { public virtual long ID { get; set; } public virtual string ItemName { get; set; } public virtual string Description { get; set; } public virtual OrderItem OrderItem { get; set; } } } //OrderItem.cs namespace SimpleFNH.Entities { public class OrderItem { public virtual long ID { get; set; } public virtual int Quantity { get; set; } public virtual Item Item { get; set; } public virtual ProductOrder ProductOrder { get; set; } public virtual void AddItem(Item item) { item.OrderItem = this; } } } using System; using System.Collections.Generic; //ProductOrder.cs namespace SimpleFNH.Entities { public class ProductOrder { public virtual long ID { get; set; } public virtual DateTime OrderDate { get; set; } public virtual string CustomerName { get; set; } public virtual IList<OrderItem> OrderItems { get; set; } public ProductOrder() { OrderItems = new List<OrderItem>(); } public virtual void AddOrderItems(params OrderItem[] items) { foreach (var item in items) { OrderItems.Add(item); item.ProductOrder = this; } } } } //NHibernateRepo.cs using FluentNHibernate.Cfg; using FluentNHibernate.Cfg.Db; using NHibernate; using NHibernate.Criterion; using NHibernate.Tool.hbm2ddl; namespace SimpleFNH.Repository { public class NHibernateRepo { private static ISessionFactory _sessionFactory; private static ISessionFactory SessionFactory { get { if (_sessionFactory == null) InitializeSessionFactory(); return _sessionFactory; } } private static void InitializeSessionFactory() { _sessionFactory = Fluently.Configure().Database( MsSqlConfiguration.MsSql2008.ConnectionString( @"server=Amit-PC\SQLEXPRESS;database=SimpleFNH;Trusted_Connection=True;").ShowSql()). Mappings(m => m.FluentMappings.AddFromAssemblyOf<Order>()).ExposeConfiguration( cfg => new SchemaExport(cfg).Create(true, true)).BuildSessionFactory(); } public static ISession OpenSession() { return SessionFactory.OpenSession(); } } } //Program.cs using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using SimpleFNH.Entities; using SimpleFNH.Repository; namespace SimpleFNH { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (var session = NHibernateRepo.OpenSession()) { using (var transaction = session.BeginTransaction()) { var item1 = new Item { ItemName = "item 1", Description = "test 1" }; var item2 = new Item { ItemName = "item 2", Description = "test 2" }; var item3 = new Item { ItemName = "item 3", Description = "test 3" }; var orderItem1 = new OrderItem { Item = item1, Quantity = 2 }; var orderItem2 = new OrderItem { Item = item2, Quantity = 4 }; var orderItem3 = new OrderItem { Item = item3, Quantity = 5 }; var productOrder = new ProductOrder { CustomerName = "Amit", OrderDate = DateTime.Now, OrderItems = new List<OrderItem> { orderItem1, orderItem2, orderItem3 } }; productOrder.AddOrderItems(orderItem1, orderItem2, orderItem3); session.Save(productOrder); transaction.Commit(); } } using (var session = NHibernateRepo.OpenSession()) { // retreive all stores and display them using (session.BeginTransaction()) { var orders = session.CreateCriteria(typeof(ProductOrder)) .List<ProductOrder>(); foreach (var item in orders) { Console.WriteLine(item.OrderItems.First().Quantity); } } } } } } I tried many variations to get it working but i get an error saying No persister for: SimpleFNH.Entities.ProductOrder Can someone help me get it working? I wanted to create a simple program which will set a pattern for my bigger project but it is taking quite a lot of time than expected. It would be rally helpful if you can explain in simple terms on any template/pattern that i can use to get fluent nHibernate working. The above code uses auto mapping, which i tried after i tried with fluent mapping.

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• Is there a way to exclude a specific drive vdi from "snapshots" in VirtualBox?

  - by Graza

  ...or is there another space-efficient way of dealing with the page/swap file of the Guest O/S? I've realised that its quite possible/likely that one of the things which "bloats" the snapshot/diff vdi's when a snapshot is taken is the guest operating system's pagefile. For example, say I have a 2Gb swap-file in a Windows guest OS, and over the course of a few weeks the usage of the swap file has gone over 1Gb a couple of times. When I next create a snapshot, it seems likely that I'd be almost guaranteed around 1Gb of space taken up in the new differencing disk just because of changes in the swap file. Obviously (provided I never did "live" snapshots on running or paused machines, and only ever did them when the machine was shut down), I would not need any of the information in the swap file to be saved. So this would simply be a waste of 1Gb. I'm wondering if there's a way to attach a vdi to a VM and flag it as "exclude from snapshots" - which would mean I could put the swap file on a different vdi which would never be included in a snapshot. Or if anyone has any other suggestions. Or an explanation about why it might not be an issue. I could obviously delete and recreate a swap drive vdi every time I did a snapshot to achieve the same effect, but this is a little more effort than simply clicking "create snapshot"....

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• Why is a SUBST'd drive inaccessible via shortcut or Run menu, but works fine from My Computer?

  - by Kev

  I have shortcuts to C:, D:, and E: in my quick launch bar. C and E work fine when I click on them, but D does nothing (that I can see) when I click on it. D and E are both SUBST'd drives pointing to folders that happen to be network shares. (I do this rather than mapping them so it doesn't have to go through the network layer--that way it works faster and I still get recycle bin functionality, etc.) If I go Start-Run and type D: or D:\, I get an error box saying This file does not have a program associated with it for performing this action. Create an association in the Folder Options control panel. If I go to My Computer and double-click the D drive, it comes up fine. Also, if I type \\servername\sharename pointing to the same place, it comes up fine. This just started happening this morning, out of the blue. It has been working fine ever since I set it up. Why might this be?

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• About to go live: virtual dedicated server or cloud?

  - by morpheous

  I am about to launch my startup company, and we will be going live in a few weeks time. We have really tight budgetary constraints, since we are bootstrapping - and would prefer not to raise external capital. I cant use shared hosting because I need more control of the server machine (for technical reasons - e.g. using proprietary extensions to PHP, Apache and in the database layer as well) - but want to control costs and dont want to go fully private server route, until we have determined the market size etc. So the only real alternatives AFAIK is between virtual server and the cloud. At the moment, cloud services seem a bit "vague" to me. My understanding is that they allow an entity to outsource its IT infrastructure, which in my mind (at least), is indistinguishable from what a hosting provider provides (at least from a functional point of view) - I would like to seek some clarification on exactly what the difference between the two is. Back to my original question, my requirements are: IT infrastructure that can scale with growth Ability to have control of the machine (for e.g. to install our internally developed libraries etc) Backup software that is flexible and comprehensive enough (yet simple to use), that allows a (secured) backup strategy to be implemented. On this issue, I have always wondered where the actual backed up data was stored (since the physical machines are remote, and one cant get access to any actual tapes etc backed onto). I would also like some advice and recommendations in this area. Regarding data size, I am expecting the dataset to be increasing by a few megabytes of data (originally, say 10Mb, in about a years time, possibly 50Mb) every day. As an aside, I have decided to deploy on a Debian server (most of my additional libraries etc were compiled and built on a Debian machine). Mindful of all of the above, I would like some advice (and reason) as to which route to take. I would also like some advice on which backup software to use, from people who have walked a similar path.

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• How do I access my samba drive through several layers of network topology?

  - by stephenmm

  I have a new windows 7 Home Premium machine that is in a different room than my main computer area. As such I have to use a bridge and another router. Everything is working wonderfully except I cannot access the SAMBA drive with the new machine. I know that SAMBA is accessible as an older WinXP machine can access it. A picture of my network would probably be helpfull: To ISP | | +---------------------------+ | WAN | | Cable Modem | | (2WIRE678) | | | | | +---------------------------+ | +---------------------------+ | | (|) (|) +-----------+ | Belkin Router | | | | Wireless | | (F5D) |--+ +--| WinXP | | | |SAMBA USER | | | +-----------+ +---------------------------+ | | | | +------------+ | | Ubuntu | | | Apache + | | |SAMBA Server| | +------------+ | | +---------------------------+ | | | Netgear Bridge | | (XET1001) | | | +---------------------------+ # # +---------------------------+ | | | Netgear Bridge | | (XET1001) | | | +---------------------------+ | +---------------------------+ | | | D-Link Router | | (DI-524) | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | +-----------+ | | | Win7 | |SAMBA USER?| +-----------+ More interesting data points: 1. I can ping the SAMBA server from the Win7 machine locally (Ie. 192.168.2.2) 2. I can access the webserver from the Win7 machine locally (Ie. 192.168.2.2) 3. I followed the advice to get Win7 and SAMBA to play nice: http://www.tannerwilliamson.com/2009/09/windows-7-seven-network-file-sharing-fix-samba-smb/ Sorry for being so long winded but it is kind of complex and I am really at a loss as to how to fix it. If any of you have some suggestions I would love to hear it!

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• DNS Zone file and virtual host question (repost because my question got moved and now I can't comment on the original for some reason)

  - by Jake

  Sorry this is a repost, the original question got moved to here form stack overflow and for some reason I can't comment or respond to answers on that one anymore. Hi all, I'm trying to set up a virtual host for redmine.SITENAME.com. I've edited the httpd.conf file and now I'm trying to edit my DNS settings. However, I'm not sure exactly what to do. Here's an snippet of what's already in the named.conf file (the file was made by someone else who is unreachable): zone "SITENAME.com" { type master; file "SITENAME.com"; allow-transfer { ip.address.here.00; common-allow-transfer; }; }; I figure if I want to get redmine.SITENAME.com working, I need to copy that entry and just replace SITENAME.com with redmine.SITENAME.com but will that work? I was under the impression I needed a .db file but I don't see any reference to one in the current named.conf file. I also don't see any .db files or files named SITENAME in named.conf's directory. Any ideas where these illusive pre-existing db files could be?

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• Pass a Delphi class to a C++ function/method that expects a class with __thiscall methods.

  - by Alan G.

  I have some MSVC++ compiled DLL's for which I have created COM-like (lite) interfaces (abstract Delphi classes). Some of those classes have methods that need pointers to objects. These C++ methods are declared with the __thiscall calling convention (which I cannot change), which is just like __stdcall, except a this pointer is passed on the ECX register. I create the class instance in Delphi, then pass it on to the C++ method. I can set breakpoints in Delphi and see it hitting the exposed __stdcall methods in my Delphi class, but soon I get a STATUS_STACK_BUFFER_OVERRUN and the app has to exit. Is it possible to emulate/deal with __thiscall on the Delphi side of things? If I pass an object instantiated by the C++ system then all is good, and that object's methods are called (as would be expected), but this is useless - I need to pass Delphi objects. Edit 2010-04-19 18:12 This is what happens in more detail: The first method called (setLabel) exits with no error (though its a stub method). The second method called (init), enters then dies when it attempts to read the vol parameter. C++ Side #define SHAPES_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport) // just to show the value class SHAPES_EXPORT CBox { public: virtual ~CBox() {} virtual void init(double volume) = 0; virtual void grow(double amount) = 0; virtual void shrink(double amount) = 0; virtual void setID(int ID = 0) = 0; virtual void setLabel(const char* text) = 0; }; Delphi Side IBox = class public procedure destroyBox; virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure init(vol: Double); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure grow(amount: Double); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure shrink(amount: Double); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure setID(val: Integer); virtual; stdcall; abstract; procedure setLabel(text: PChar); virtual; stdcall; abstract; end; TMyBox = class(IBox) protected FVolume: Double; FID: Integer; FLabel: String; // public constructor Create; destructor Destroy; override; // BEGIN Virtual Method implementation procedure destroyBox; override; stdcall; // empty - Dont need/want C++ to manage my Delphi objects, just call their methods procedure init(vol: Double); override; stdcall; // FVolume := vol; procedure grow(amount: Double); override; stdcall; // Inc(FVolume, amount); procedure shrink(amount: Double); override; stdcall; // Dec(FVolume, amount); procedure setID(val: Integer); override; stdcall; // FID := val; procedure setLabel(text: PChar); override; stdcall; // Stub method; empty. // END Virtual Method implementation property Volume: Double read FVolume; property ID: Integer read FID; property Label: String read FLabel; end; I would have half expected using stdcall alone to work, but something is messing up, not sure what, perhaps something to do with the ECX register being used? Help would be greatly appreciated. Edit 2010-04-19 17:42 Could it be that the ECX register needs to be preserved on entry and restored once the function exits? Is the this pointer required by C++? I'm probably just reaching at the moment based on some intense Google searches. I found something related, but it seems to be dealing with the reverse of this issue.

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• How do I mount an external USB hard drive on my Sheevaplug?

  - by James

  I've acquired a Sheevaplug running - I think - Ubuntu. I'd like to mount an external USB hard drive, but I don't know the name of the device that needs mounting. When I list the devices under /dev, a long list is produced. How do I find out which device listed needs to be mounted? Update: When I run dmesg after plugging the device in, I see the following at the end: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 6 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 6, error -71 usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 7 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 7, error -71 usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 8 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 8, error -71 usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_marvell and address 9 usb 1-1: device not accepting address 9, error -71 And when I view /var/log/messages, I can see this: Sep 23 21:26:03 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Sep 23 21:26:04 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Sep 23 21:26:05 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Sep 23 21:26:05 debian kernel: usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_ma$ Unfortunately, I don't know what these mean.

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• How to safely move where itunes saves music/iphone apps/and meta data to another internal Drive?

  - by GingerLee

  In the past, when I have moved my itunes data from one computer to another, I usually just follow these steps: Copy the contents of two folders: %USERPROFILE%\Music\iTunes %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Apple Computer 1) Install iTunes on the new computer, start it and close it (don't let it search for music). 2) Copy all the files in the above folders from old PC to new PC. 3) Start iTunes and authorize the new computer (and deauthorize old one). 4) Before syncing, update all iphone apps to current versions on both my iphone and in itunes. 5) The Sync. The above steps always work for me, and basically Itunes on my new PC works exactly as it did on the old PC. My Question: In the hopes of bybassing the above steps in the future, I would like to just have Itunes use another internal Drive that I use for file storage (e.g. D:/) as the path for the above two directory? Then if I move to new PC again, I could just setup itunes to use the correct path. Is that possible yet with minimal implications? If so how?

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• Proper configuration for Windows SMTP Virtual Server to only send email from localhost, and tracking down source of spam emails

  - by ilasno

  We manage a server that is hosted on Amazon EC2, which has web applications that need to be able to send outgoing email. Recently we received a notice from Amazon about possible email abuse on that server, so i've been looking into it. It's Windows Server Datacenter (2003, i guess), and uses SMTP Virtual Server (you know, the one that requires IIS 6 for admin). The settings on the Access tab are as follows: - Authentication: Anonymous - Connection: Only from 3 ip addresses (127.0.0.1 and 2 others that refer to that server) - Relay: Only from 3 ip addresses (127.0.0.1 and 2 others that refer to that server) In the SMTP logs there are many entries like the following: 2012-02-08 23:43:56 64.76.125.151 OutboundConnectionCommand SMTPSVC1 FROM: 0 0 4 0 26364 SMTP - - - - 2012-02-08 23:43:56 64.76.125.151 OutboundConnectionResponse SMTPSVC1 250+ok 0 0 6 0 26536 SMTP - - - - 2012-02-08 23:43:56 64.76.125.151 OutboundConnectionCommand SMTPSVC1 TO: 0 0 4 0 26536 SMTP - - - - 2012-02-08 23:43:56 64.76.125.151 OutboundConnectionResponse SMTPSVC1 250+ok 0 0 6 0 26707 SMTP - - - - ([email protected] is sending quite a lot of emails :-/) Can anyone confirm if the SMTP server settings seem correct? I'm also wondering if a web application on the machine could be exposing a contact form or something that would allow this sort of abuse, looking into that (and how to look into that) further.

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• How to access XAMPP virtual hosts from iPad on local network?

  - by martin's

  Using XAMPP on one machine. Multiple virtual hosts defined. One per project. Format is .local For example: apple.local microsoft.local client-site.local our-own-internal-site.local All works perfectly from that one machine. I now want to have other systems within the network access the various sites. The main reason for wanting to do this is to be able to test site functionality and layout from mobile devices without having to upload partial work to public servers. I can access the main XAMPP default site by simply entering the IP address of the XAMPP machine in, say, Safari on an iPad. However, there is no way to reach .local that I can see. Would this entail setting up a DNS server within the network? We have a mixture of Windows and Mac machines. No Linux. The XAMPP machine is Vista 64. I don't want real external internet access to be affected in any way, just ".local" pointed to the XAMPP machine if that makes sense.

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• Is this DVD drive broken? Brand new, i need help convincing

  - by acidzombie24

  I am asking bc i know dell is going to give me a problem. How do i know if my DVD is broken on my laptop? i burnt 4 DL disc and they ALL failed, i called and dell suggested roxio. I used it and burnt 1 disc without error and the 2nd disc with an error. With both apps there were no 'problems' during the burning process only failed on the verification process. Some of these bad disc dont work on other PCs and one locks up windows when i click a specific file. Does that sound like a broken burner to you guys? when i called dell they told me since it can read disc properly 100% of the time and software doesnt fail in the burning process its not a broken drive _. They forward me to software support who demand a fee (i think $100) to help me fix my software. I am annoyed bc i dont want to be on the phone for them to watch me burn a dvd and since i burned it once correctly i dont want to happen to burn correctly again to have them say they solved my problem (doing nothing) and charge me refusing to refund. -edit- The errors i got were 1) the request could not be performed because of an I/O device error 2) Windows locking up when opening 1 specific file 3) Cannot copy : Data error (crc) NOTE: the file that causes the problems are random every disc

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• 2.6.9 Kernel on virtual server (non upgradable) - any expected problems?

  - by chris_l

  Hi, I'm considering to rent a virtual server (for me personally). The product I'm currently looking at offers IMO fair pricing, very good hardware etc. The only problem is, that I won't be able to do an upgrade to a newer kernel than 2.6.9 (running Debian Etch). Also, I can't install my own kernel modules. (The server runs with Virtuozzo, so as far as I understand it, it just does some chroot instead of a real virtualization (?)) I want to run GlassFish, Postgres, Subversion, Trac and maybe some other things on it. It will also have to employ a firewall, and provide OpenSSL for https. Ideally, it would also be able to do AIO (asynchronous IO), which could speed up some server I/O. Should I expect problems with that old kernel version, in conjunction with the software I want to install (I'd like to use current versions of the software)? One thing I already found out, is that you can't do everything with iptables, since some kernel modules are missing/things are not build into the kernel. GlassFish v3 appears to run fine at first glance. I was able to test the server for a few hours. Installing my whole setup wasn't feasible in that time, but what I can say is, that it's amazingly fast for an entry-level vserver, especially hard disk and network performance (averaging at ca. 400MBit/s). So if the kernel won't be a problem, I'd really like to take it. Thanks, Chris PS Exact kernel version: 2.6.9-023stab051.3-smp

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• How many bootable partitions are possible to have on one hard drive?

  - by draiden

  This may not be the correct place to post this; if that's the case, just let me know and point me in the right direction please! I'm thinking of building a box that needs to be lightweight and portable, and would need to be able to boot multiple installations of windows. I am needing to have multiple installations so that I can, for example, plug the box in to the network at one location, boot in to that location's partition, and have full access to everything I would normally need to do on a computer that has already been set up on that network. Then, when I go to the next client, I would be able to do the same thing, with the new location's partition, and have all of those network settings, drive mappings, etc., available there. Obviously I'd need to go through and set them all up on the different locations/networks, I'm not expecting it to magically know where I am and what I'm doing. It would be like I'm carrying around a computer that is configured for each place I need to go in one little box, instead of having to have multiple computers or having to reconfigure all the settings and such every time I go to another client. Or is there an easier way to do this that I haven't learned of?

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• How many bootable partitions are possible to have on one hard drive?

  - by draiden

  This may not be the correct place to post this; if that's the case, just let me know and point me in the right direction please! I'm thinking of building a box that needs to be lightweight and portable, and would need to be able to boot multiple installations of windows. I am needing to have multiple installations so that I can, for example, plug the box in to the network at one location, boot in to that location's partition, and have full access to everything I would normally need to do on a computer that has already been set up on that network. Then, when I go to the next client, I would be able to do the same thing, with the new location's partition, and have all of those network settings, drive mappings, etc., available there. Obviously I'd need to go through and set them all up on the different locations/networks, I'm not expecting it to magically know where I am and what I'm doing. It would be like I'm carrying around a computer that is configured for each place I need to go in one little box, instead of having to have multiple computers or having to reconfigure all the settings and such every time I go to another client. Or is there an easier way to do this that I haven't learned of?

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• Customize your icons in Windows 7 and Vista

  - by Matthew Guay

  Want to change out the icons on your desktop and more?  Personalizing your icons is a great way to make your PC uniquely yours,, and today we show you how to grab unique icons, and default Winnows. to be your own. Change the icon for Computer, Recycle Bin, Network, and your User folder Right-click on the desktop, and select Personalize. Now, click the “Change desktop icons” link on the left sidebar in the Personalization window. The window looks slightly different in Windows Vista, but the link is the same. Select the icon you wish to change, and click the Change Icon button.  In Windows 7, you will also notice a box to choose whether or not to allow themes to change icons, and you can uncheck it if you don’t want themes to change your icon settings. You can select one of the other included icons, or click browse to find the icon you want.  Click Ok when you are finished. Change Folder icons You can easily change the icon on most folders in Windows Vista and 7.  Simply right-click on the folder and select properties. Click the Customize tab, and then click the Change Icon button.  This will open the standard dialog to change your icon, so proceed as normal. This basically just creates a hidden desktop.ini file in the folder containing the following or similar data: [.ShellClassInfo]IconFile=%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dllIconIndex=20 You could manually create or edit the file if you choose, instead of using the dialogs. Simply create a new text file named desktop.ini with this same information, or edit the existing one.  Change the IconFile line to the location of your icon. If you are pointing to a .ico file you should change the IconIndex line to 0 instead. Note that this isn’t available for all folders, for instance you can’t use this to change the icon for the Windows folder.   In Windows 7, please note that you cannot change the icon of folder inside a library.  So if you are browsing your Documents library and would like to change an icon in that folder, right-click on it and select Open folder location.  Now you can change the icon as above. And if you would like to change a Library’s icon itself, then check out this tutorial: Change Your Windows 7 Library Icons the Easy Way Change the icon of any file type Want to make you files easier to tell apart?  Check out our tutorial on how to simply do this: Change a File Type’s Icon in Windows 7 Change the icon of any Application Shortcut To change the icon of a shortcut on your desktop, start menu, or in Explorer, simply right-click on the icon and select Properties. In the Shortcut tab, click the Change Icon button. Now choose one of the other available icons or click browse to find the icon you want. Change Icons of Running Programs in the Windows 7 taskbar If your computer is running Windows 7, you can customize the icon of any program running in the taskbar!  This only works on applications that are running but not pinned to the taskbar, so if you want to customize a pinned icon you may want to unpin it before customizing it.  But the interesting thing about this trick is that it can customize any icon anything running in the taskbar, including things like Control Panel! Right-click or click and push up to open the jumplist on the icon, and then right-click on the program’s name and select Properties.  Here we are customizing Control Panel, but you can do this on any application icon. Now, click Change Icon as usual. Select an icon you want (We switched the Control Panel icon to the Security Shield), or click Browse to find another icon.  Click Ok when finished, and then close the application window. The next time you open the program (or Control Panel in our example), you will notice your new icon on its taskbar icon. Please note that this only works on applications that are currently running and are not pinned to the taskbar.  Strangely, if the application is pinned to the taskbar, you can still click Properties and change the icon, but the change will not show up. Change the icon on any Drive on your Computer You can easily change the icon on your internal hard drives and portable drives with the free Drive Icon Changer application.  Simply download and unzip the file (link below), and then run the application as administrator by right-clicking on the icon and selecting “Run as administrator”. Now, select the drive that you want to change the icon of, and select your desired icon file. Click Save, and Drive Icon Changer will let you know that the icon has been changed successfully. You will then need to reboot your computer to complete the changes.  Simply click Yes to reboot. Now, our Drive icon is changed from this default image: to a Laptop icon we chose! You can do this to any drive in your computer, or to removable drives such as USB flash drives.  When you change these drives icons, the new icon will appear on any computer you insert the drive into.  Also, if you wish to remove the icon change, simply run the Drive Icon Changer again and remove the icon path. Download Drive Icon Changer This application actually simply creates or edits a hidden Autorun.inf file on the top of your drive.  You can edit or create the file yourself by hand if you’d like; simply include the following information in the file, and save it in the top directory of your drive: [autorun]ICON=[path of your icon] Remove Arrow from shortcut icons Many people don’t like the arrow on the shortcut icon, and there are two easy ways to do this. If you’re running the 32 bit version of Windows Vista or 7, simply use the Vista Shortcut Overlay Remover. If your computer is running the 64 bit version of Windows Vista or 7, use the Ultimate Windows Tweaker instead.  Simply select the Additional Tweaks section, and check the “Remove arrows from Shortcut Icons.” For more info and download links check out this article: Disable Shortcut Icon Arrow Overlay in Windows 7 or Vista Closing: This gives you a lot of ways to customize almost any icon on your computer, so you can make it look just like you want it to.  Stay tuned for more great desktop customization articles from How-to Geek! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Change Start Menu to Use Small Icons in Windows 7 or VistaResize Icons Quickly in Windows 7 or Vista ExplorerRoundup: 16 Tweaks to Windows Vista Look & FeelRestore Missing Desktop Icons in Windows 7 or VistaClean Up Past Notification Icons in Windows Vista TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 PCmover Professional Change DNS servers on the fly with DNS Jumper Live PDF Searches PDF Files and Ebooks Converting Mp4 to Mp3 Easily Use Quick Translator to Translate Text in 50 Languages (Firefox) Get Better Windows Search With UltraSearch Scan News With NY Times Article Skimmer

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• Change or Reset Windows Password from a Ubuntu Live CD

  - by Trevor Bekolay

  If you can’t log in even after trying your twelve passwords, or you’ve inherited a computer complete with password-protected profiles, worry not – you don’t have to do a fresh install of Windows. We’ll show you how to change or reset your Windows password from a Ubuntu Live CD. This method works for all of the NT-based version of Windows – anything from Windows 2000 and later, basically. And yes, that includes Windows 7. You’ll need a Ubuntu 9.10 Live CD, or a bootable Ubuntu 9.10 Flash Drive. If you don’t have one, or have forgotten how to boot from the flash drive, check out our article on creating a bootable Ubuntu 9.10 flash drive. The program that lets us manipulate Windows passwords is called chntpw. The steps to install it are different in 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Ubuntu. Installation: 32-bit Open up Synaptic Package Manager by clicking on System at the top of the screen, expanding the Administration section, and clicking on Synaptic Package Manager. chntpw is found in the universe repository. Repositories are a way for Ubuntu to group software together so that users are able to choose if they want to use only completely open source software maintained by Ubuntu developers, or branch out and use software with different licenses and maintainers. To enable software from the universe repository, click on Settings > Repositories in the Synaptic window. Add a checkmark beside the box labeled “Community-maintained Open Source software (universe)” and then click close. When you change the repositories you are selecting software from, you have to reload the list of available software. In the main Synaptic window, click on the Reload button. The software lists will be downloaded. Once downloaded, Synaptic must rebuild its search index. The label over the text field by the Search button will read “Rebuilding search index.” When it reads “Quick search,” type chntpw in the text field. The package will show up in the list. Click on the checkbox near the chntpw name. Click on Mark for Installation. chntpw won’t actually be installed until you apply the changes you’ve made, so click on the Apply button in the Synaptic window now. You will be prompted to accept the changes. Click Apply. The changes should be applied quickly. When they’re done, click Close. chntpw is now installed! You can close Synaptic Package Manager. Skip to the section titled Using chntpw to reset your password. Installation: 64-bit The version of chntpw available in Ubuntu’s universe repository will not work properly on a 64-bit machine. Fortunately, a patched version exists in Debian’s Unstable branch, so let’s download it from there and install it manually. Open Firefox. Whether it’s your preferred browser or not, it’s very readily accessible in the Ubuntu Live CD environment, so it will be the easiest to use. There’s a shortcut to Firefox in the top panel. Navigate to http://packages.debian.org/sid/amd64/chntpw/download and download the latest version of chntpw for 64-bit machines. Note: In most cases it would be best to add the Debian Unstable branch to a package manager, but since the Live CD environment will revert to its original state once you reboot, it’ll be faster to just download the .deb file. Save the .deb file to the default location. You can close Firefox if desired. Open a terminal window by clicking on Applications at the top-left of the screen, expanding the Accessories folder, and clicking on Terminal. In the terminal window, enter the following text, hitting enter after each line: cd Downloadssudo dpkg –i chntpw* chntpw will now be installed. Using chntpw to reset your password Before running chntpw, you will have to mount the hard drive that contains your Windows installation. In most cases, Ubuntu 9.10 makes this simple. Click on Places at the top-left of the screen. If your Windows drive is easily identifiable – usually by its size – then left click on it. If it is not obvious, then click on Computer and check out each hard drive until you find the correct one. The correct hard drive will have the WINDOWS folder in it. When you find it, make a note of the drive’s label that appears in the menu bar of the file browser. If you don’t already have one open, start a terminal window by going to Applications > Accessories > Terminal. In the terminal window, enter the commands cd /medials pressing enter after each line. You should see one or more strings of text appear; one of those strings should correspond with the string that appeared in the title bar of the file browser earlier. Change to that directory by entering the command cd <hard drive label> Since the hard drive label will be very annoying to type in, you can use a shortcut by typing in the first few letters or numbers of the drive label (capitalization matters) and pressing the Tab key. It will automatically complete the rest of the string (if those first few letters or numbers are unique). We want to switch to a certain Windows directory. Enter the command: cd WINDOWS/system32/config/ Again, you can use tab-completion to speed up entering this command. To change or reset the administrator password, enter: sudo chntpw SAM SAM is the file that contains your Windows registry. You will see some text appear, including a list of all of the users on your system. At the bottom of the terminal window, you should see a prompt that begins with “User Edit Menu:” and offers four choices. We recommend that you clear the password to blank (you can always set a new password in Windows once you log in). To do this, enter “1” and then “y” to confirm. If you would like to change the password instead, enter “2”, then your desired password, and finally “y” to confirm. If you would like to reset or change the password of a user other than the administrator, enter: sudo chntpw –u <username> SAM From here, you can follow the same steps as before: enter “1” to reset the password to blank, or “2” to change it to a value you provide. And that’s it! Conclusion chntpw is a very useful utility provided for free by the open source community. It may make you think twice about how secure the Windows login system is, but knowing how to use chntpw can save your tail if your memory fails you two or eight times! 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• What to Do When Windows Won’t Boot

  - by Chris Hoffman

  You turn on your computer one day and Windows refuses to boot — what do you do? “Windows won’t boot” is a common symptom with a variety of causes, so you’ll need to perform some troubleshooting. Modern versions of Windows are better at recovering from this sort of thing. Where Windows XP might have stopped in its tracks when faced with this problem, modern versions of Windows will try to automatically run Startup Repair. First Things First Be sure to think about changes you’ve made recently — did you recently install a new hardware driver, connect a new hardware component to your computer, or open your computer’s case and do something? It’s possible the hardware driver is buggy, the new hardware is incompatible, or that you accidentally unplugged something while working inside your computer. The Computer Won’t Power On At All If your computer won’t power on at all, ensure it’s plugged into a power outlet and that the power connector isn’t loose. If it’s a desktop PC, ensure the power switch on the back of its case — on the power supply — is set to the On position. If it still won’t power on at all, it’s possible you disconnected a power cable inside its case. If you haven’t been messing around inside the case, it’s possible the power supply is dead. In this case, you’ll have to get your computer’s hardware fixed or get a new computer. Be sure to check your computer monitor — if your computer seems to power on but your screen stays black, ensure your monitor is powered on and that the cable connecting it to your computer’s case is plugged in securely at both ends. The Computer Powers On And Says No Bootable Device If your computer is powering on but you get a black screen that says something like “no bootable device” or another sort of “disk error” message, your computer can’t seem to boot from the hard drive that Windows was installed on. Enter your computer’s BIOS or UEFI firmware setup screen and check its boot order setting, ensuring that it’s set to boot from its hard drive. If the hard drive doesn’t appear in the list at all, it’s possible your hard drive has failed and can no longer be booted from. In this case, you may want to insert Windows installation or recovery media and run the Startup Repair operation. This will attempt to make Windows bootable again. For example, if something overwrote your Windows drive’s boot sector, this will repair the boot sector. If the recovery environment won’t load or doesn’t see your hard drive, you likely have a hardware problem. Be sure to check your BIOS or UEFI’s boot order first if the recovery environment won’t load. You can also attempt to manually fix Windows boot loader problems using the fixmbr and fixboot commands. Modern versions of Windows should be able to fix this problem for you with the Startup Repair wizard, so you shouldn’t actually have to run these commands yourself. Windows Freezes or Crashes During Boot If Windows seems to start booting but fails partway through, you may be facing either a software or hardware problem. If it’s a software problem, you may be able to fix it by performing a Startup Repair operation. If you can’t do this from the boot menu, insert a Windows installation disc or recovery disk and use the startup repair tool from there. If this doesn’t help at all, you may want to reinstall Windows or perform a Refresh or Reset on Windows 8. If the computer encounters errors while attempting to perform startup repair or reinstall Windows, or the reinstall process works properly and you encounter the same errors afterwards, you likely have a hardware problem. Windows Starts and Blue Screens or Freezes If Windows crashes or blue-screens on you every time it boots, you may be facing a hardware or software problem. For example, malware or a buggy driver may be loading at boot and causing the crash, or your computer’s hardware may be malfunctioning. To test this, boot your Windows computer in safe mode. In safe mode, Windows won’t load typical hardware drivers or any software that starts automatically at startup. If the computer is stable in safe mode, try uninstalling any recently installed hardware drivers, performing a system restore, and scanning for malware. If you’re lucky, one of these steps may fix your software problem and allow you to boot Windows normally. If your problem isn’t fixed, try reinstalling Windows or performing a Refresh or Reset on Windows 8. This will reset your computer back to its clean, factory-default state. If you’re still experiencing crashes, your computer likely has a hardware problem. Recover Files When Windows Won’t Boot If you have important files that will be lost and want to back them up before reinstalling Windows, you can use a Windows installer disc or Linux live media to recover the files. These run entirely from a CD, DVD, or USB drive and allow you to copy your files to another external media, such as another USB stick or an external hard drive. If you’re incapable of booting a Windows installer disc or Linux live CD, you may need to go into your BIOS or UEFI and change the boot order setting. If even this doesn’t work — or if you can boot from the devices and your computer freezes or you can’t access your hard drive — you likely have a hardware problem. You can try pulling the computer’s hard drive, inserting it into another computer, and recovering your files that way. Following these steps should fix the vast majority of Windows boot issues — at least the ones that are actually fixable. The dark cloud that always hangs over such issues is the possibility that the hard drive or another component in the computer may be failing. Image Credit: Karl-Ludwig G. Poggemann on Flickr, Tzuhsun Hsu on Flickr     

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