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• Install a web certificate on an Android device

  - by martani_net

  To gain access to WIFI at university I have to login with my user/pass credentials. The certificate of their website (the local home page that asks for the credentials) is not recognized as a trusted certificate, so we install it separately on our computers. The problem is that I don't take my laptop with me often to university, so I usually want to connect using my HTC Magic, but I have no clue on how to install the certificate separately on Android, it is always rejected. [Edit2] : this is what is stated in their website Need for installation of official certificates CyberTrust validated by the CRU (http://www.cru.fr/wiki/scs/) The certificates contain information certified to generate encryption keys for data exchange, called "sensitive" as the password of a user. By connecting to CanalIP-UPMC, for example, the user must validate the identity of the server accepting the certificate appears on the screen in a "popup window". In reality, the user is unable to validate a certificate knowing, because a simple visual check of the license is impossible. Therefore, the certificates of the certification authority (CRU-Cybertrust Educationnal-ca.ca Cybertrust and-global-root-ca.ca) must be installed prior to the browser for the validity of the certificate server can be controlled automatically. Before you connect to the network-UPMC CanalIP you must register in your browser through the certification authority Cybertrust-Educationnal-ca.ca Download the Cybertrust-Educationnal-ca.ca, depending on your browser and select the link below : With Internet Explorer, click on the link following. With Firefox, click on the link following. With Safari, click the link following. If this procedure is not respected, a real risk is incurred by the user: that of being robbed password LDAP directory UPMC. A malicious server may in fact try very easily attack type "man-in-the-middle" by posing as the legitimate server at UPMC. The theft of a password allows the attacker to steal an identity for transactions over the Internet can engage the responsibility of the user trapped ... This is their website : http://www.canalip.upmc.fr/doc/Default.htm (in French, Google-translate it :)) Anyone knows how to install a web certificate on Android?

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• Zscaler. Certs, cookies, and port 80 traffic

  - by 54's_lol

  So I work at HQ for a large company that shall remain nameless. We use Zscaler and I had to roll out a 2048 cert per zscaler's request. People around me at work dont understand the technology and think that the cert's are what is allowing internet connectivity. From my understanding(and please chime in) is the cookie located C:\Users\$$$$$$4$$\AppData\Roaming\Macromedia\Flash Player#SharedObjects\Q3JQJQJV\gateway.zscaler.net\zscaler.swf here that gets created when you provide your creds the first time you use the browser. The cert's are just simply a way of inspecting the SSL traffic as zscaler had no way of doing this before without them. They are essentially using the classic MITM attack to parse your SSL traffic. Gmail is smart enough to recognize this as you get a warning. My question is this, is there a product or service that I can use to verify my web browser when at home(I.E. off company network) isn't still getting routed to zscaler's cloud? If i do a tracert that will work fine. It's the port 80 and 443 web traffic zscaler and my company is after. I would like to verify that when I'm off their premise that my web traffic is using only my isp and the path to whatever content I'm searching for. Do the cert's i'm pushing and browser authentication do something behind the curtain that forces web traffic to get routed to zscaler? I searched quite a bit and would very much like to know if I'm ever off company scrutiny. I do know zscaler offers the service to force the scenario im asking about. Can I prove how my web traffic is getting routed? Thanks for any insight. I've been a fan for a long time and your guy's kung fu is very strong:-)

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• IP address spoofing using Source Routing

  - by iamrohitbanga

  With IP options we can specify the route we want an IP packet to take while connecting to a server. If we know that a particular server provides some extra functionality based on the IP address can we not utilize this by spoofing an IP packet so that the source IP address is the privileged IP address and one of the hosts on the Source Routing is our own. So if the privileged IP address is x1 and server IP address is x2 and my own IP address is x3. I send a packet from x1 to x2 which is supposed to pass through x3. x1 does not actually send the packet. It is just that x2 thinks the packet came from x1 via x3. Now in response if x2 uses the same routing policy (as a matter of courtesy to x1) then all packets would be received by x3. Will the destination typically use the same IP address sequences as specified in the routing header so that packets coming from the server pass through my IP where I can get the required information? Can we not spoof a TCP connection in the above case? Is this attack used in practice?

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• Certain banking pages not loading

  - by Joseph Lee

  For some unknown reason, I am suddenly unable to access my accounts at several banking and credit sites. I have been a registered user at each site for several years and know I am using the correct user ID and password. Yet, after entering the data, answering security questions, and clicking the submit button, I land on a page with an error message saying their is a technical problem preventing me from accessing my account. On one site, I end up at the sign in page repeatedly. I am never told that my ID/password are incorrect. I believe may be firewall related. Windows firewall was damaged after a recent malware attack. I am now using a third party firewall (Fort Knox). I am not seeing a pop-up indicating sites are blocked or asking me to indicate yes or no. I am using Windows 7 Home Premium. I get the same result regardless of the browser. I switched to Maxthon last night and am getting the same result. This is not happening at other sites. And I am able to access some banking sites normally. This is frustrating because I need to make payments and have gone paperless. Any feedback will be appreciated. ---- Joe ----

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• How to remove strict RSA key checking in SSH and what's the problem here?

  - by setatakahashi

  I have a Linux server that whenever I connect it shows me the message that changed the SSH host key: $ ssh root@host1 @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is 93:a2:1b:1c:5f:3e:68:47:bf:79:56:52:f0:ec:03:6b. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /home/emerson/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending key in /home/emerson/.ssh/known_hosts:377 RSA host key for host1 has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. It keeps me for a very few seconds logged in and then it closes the connection. host1:~/.ssh # Read from remote host host1: Connection reset by peer Connection to host1 closed. Does anyone know what's happening and what I could do to solve this problem?

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• Why do I have untrusted certificates for Google, Yahoo, Mozilla and others?

  - by jackweirdy

  In the HTTPS/SSL section of chrome://chrome/settings, I see the following: What does this mean, and is there something wrong? I have a basic understanding of SSL/TLS - I'm not claiming to be completely familiar, but I'm fairly confident I know my way around it - but I don't understand why I have certificates installed on my machine specifically for these sites. From my understanding, I should have the certificates for Certificate Authorities, and any site I visit and use SSL/TLS should have a certificate signed by one of these trusted CAs for me to trust the site. My worry is that if someone has maliciously installed a certificate for these sites on my machine, they could perform a DNS spoofing attack (or a number of other attacks) to hijack my connection to my email account without me knowing, and as they've got the private counterpart to the certificate on my machine, decrypt the communication. NB: I'm also aware that CA certificates aren't just within Chromium and are used system wide as part of libssl - they're stored in /etc/ssl/certs. What I'd like to know is: Is this correct? - The big red boxes make me think no Is this malicious or benign? What can I do to resolve this problem? (If indeed it is a problem) Thanks :)

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• E-mail hosting provider that can set up aliases with wildcards

  - by Richard Downer

  I am looking for an e-mail hosting provider that allow e-mail aliases containing wildcards. In more detail: I own my own domain. I want an e-mail hosting provider to manager e-mail for my domain. Now, to help deal with spam, I often give different e-mail addresses to different organisations. These e-mail addresses always start with the same prefix, but then differ. So, for example, I might give out these e-mail addresses: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] I want to be able to go to the e-mail provider's control panel and set up an e-mail alias like this: [email protected] -- bounce/discard (because this address has been sold to spammers) joe-*@sample.com -- redirect to [email protected] What's I don't want to do is either have to set up every single e-mail address individually (because I make them up whenever I need them), nor do I want to have a general catch-all for any unrecognised address in my domain (because I don't want to be carpet-bombed with spam when a spammer runs a dictionary attack against my domain name.) Although this seems like a useful feature to have, it seems to be a little-known feature and I've not seen anybody advertise this feature. My current hosting provider offer this but I want to move away from them, so I need another provider that will continue to work with all the e-mail addresses I've been using for years. Alternatively, I could use mail server software that runs on Windows - I have seen some commercial packages offering this feature but they cost more than I can afford - are there any suggestions for low-cost software packages?

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• Identifying mail account used in CRAM-MD5 transaction

  - by ManiacZX

  I suppose this is one of those where the tool for identifying the problem is also the tool used for taking advantage of it. I have a mail server that I am seeing emails that spam is being sent through it. It is not an open relay, the messages in question are being sent by someone authenticating to the smtp with CRAM-MD5. However, the logs only capture the actual data passed, which has been hashed so I cannot see what user account is being used. My suspicion is a simple username/password combo or a user account's password has otherwise been compromised, but I cannot do much about it without knowing what user it is. Of course I can block the IP that is doing it, but that doesn't fix the real problem. I have both the CRAM-MD5 Base64 challenge string and the hashed client auth string containing the username, password and challenge string. I am looking for a way to either reverse this (which I haven't been able to find any information on) or otherwise I suppose I need a dictionary attack tool designed for CRAM-MD5 to run through two lists, one for username and one for password and the constant of the challenge string until it finds a matching result of the authentication string I have logged. Any information on reversing using the data I have logged, a tool to identify it or any alternative methods you have used for this situation would be greatly appreciated.

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• "Add correct host key in known_hosts" / multiple ssh host keys per hostname?

  - by Samuel Edwin Ward

  Trying to ssh into a computer I control, I'm getting the familiar message: @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY! Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)! It is also possible that a host key has just been changed. The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is [...]. Please contact your system administrator. Add correct host key in /home/sward/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. Offending RSA key in /home/sward/.ssh/known_hosts:86 RSA host key for [...] has changed and you have requested strict checking. Host key verification failed. I did indeed change the key. And I read a few dozen postings saying that the way to resolve this problem is by deleting the old key from the known_hosts file. But what I would like is to have ssh accept both the old key and the new key. The language in the error message ("Add correct host key") suggests that there should be some way to add the correct host key without removing the old one. I have not been able to figure out how to add the new host key without removing the old one. Is this possible, or is the error message just extremely misleading?

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• Is On-The-Fly string replacement possible using GreaseMonkey and Firefox

  - by Gary M. Mugford

  I have looked for means to stop Brightcove videos from autostarting in Firefox and have come to the conclusion it isn't possible without external programming via something like Grease Monkey. However, I'm not proficient in javascript let alone GM. So I thought I'd ask here first whether what I want to do is feasible, or whether it's a fool's errand. What I want to accomplish is have a site specific script executed to replace a string value on the run in that site's code. Specifically, what I am looking for is something GM-style that would do this: if site_domain = 'www.SiteWithAutoPlayVideos.com' then replace_all('<param name="autoStart" value="true" />', '<param name="autoStart" value="false" />'); Having looked through Super User for anything GreaseMonkey that might relate, I see notices that the sandbox GM executes scripts in has to remain separate for security reasons. So, I suspect I might be in for disappointment. BUT if it is accomplishable and somebody here can confirm it, then I will do my best to struggle through the learning curve and get this noisome little problem put to rest. Yes, I have tried Flash Block and FlashDisable in order to attack this issue with no avail. Thanks in advance for your time.

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• How to restrict zone transfers to specific authorized servers only

  - by JonoB

  I recently failed a PCI compliance scan because of the following: This DNS server allows unrestricted zone transfers. Attackers may be able to use this information to gain knowledge on the structure of your networks to aid in device discovery prior to an actual attack. And the suggested solution is as follows: Reconfigure this DNS server to restrict zone transfers to specific authorized servers only. I am running a dedicated Linux Centos server. My understanding is that I have to edit the /etc/named.conf file, which I have done and the the relevant part is as follows: options { acl "trusted" { 127.0.0.1; xxx.xxx.xxx.001; //this is one of the server's ip's xxx.xxx.xxx.002; //this is another server's ip }; allow-recursion { trusted; }; allow-notify { trusted; }; allow-transfer { trusted; }; }; I then restarted the named service /etc/rc.d/init.d/named restart and requested a re-scan, which failed again for the same reason. Am I missing something obvious here?

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• Nginx + uWSGI + Django performance stuck on 100rq/s

  - by dancio

  I have configured Nginx with uWSGI and Django on CentOS 6 x64 (3.06GHz i3 540, 4GB), which should easily handle 2500 rq/s but when I run ab test ( ab -n 1000 -c 100 ) performance stops at 92 - 100 rq/s. Nginx: user nginx; worker_processes 2; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } uWSGI: Emperor /usr/sbin/uwsgi --master --no-orphans --pythonpath /var/python --emperor /var/python/*/uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.2:3031 master = true processes = 5 env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=x.settings env = HTTPS=on module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler() disable-logging = true catch-exceptions = false post-buffering = 8192 harakiri = 30 harakiri-verbose = true vacuum = true listen = 500 optimize = 2 sysclt changes: # Increase TCP max buffer size setable using setsockopt() net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 87380 8388608 net.core.rmem_max = 8388608 net.core.wmem_max = 8388608 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 5000 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1 net.core.somaxconn = 2048 # Avoid a smurf attack net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 # Optimization for port usefor LBs # Increase system file descriptor limit fs.file-max = 65535 I did sysctl -p to enable changes. Idle server info: top - 13:34:58 up 102 days, 18:35, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Tasks: 118 total, 1 running, 117 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.0%us, 0.0%sy, 0.0%ni,100.0%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3983068k total, 2125088k used, 1857980k free, 262528k buffers Swap: 2104504k total, 0k used, 2104504k free, 606996k cached free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3889 2075 1814 0 256 592 -/+ buffers/cache: 1226 2663 Swap: 2055 0 2055 **During the test:** top - 13:45:21 up 102 days, 18:46, 1 user, load average: 3.73, 1.51, 0.58 Tasks: 122 total, 8 running, 114 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 93.5%us, 5.2%sy, 0.0%ni, 0.2%id, 0.0%wa, 0.1%hi, 1.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 3983068k total, 2127564k used, 1855504k free, 262580k buffers Swap: 2104504k total, 0k used, 2104504k free, 608760k cached free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 3889 2125 1763 0 256 595 -/+ buffers/cache: 1274 2615 Swap: 2055 0 2055 iotop 30141 be/4 nginx 0.00 B/s 7.78 K/s 0.00 % 0.00 % nginx: wo~er process Where is the bottleneck ? Or what am I doing wrong ?

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• Encryption setup for Linux NAS?

  - by Daniel

  There's a bazillion hard disk encryption HOWTOs, but somehow I can't find one that actually does what I want. Which is: I have a home NAS running Ubuntu, which is being accessed by a Linux and a Win XP client. (Hopefully MacOS X soon...) I want to setup encryption for home dirs on the NAS so that: It does not interfere with the boot process (since the NAS it tucked away in a cupboard), the home dirs should be accessible as a regular file system on the client(s) (e.g. via SMB), it is easy to use by 'normal' people, (so it does not require SSH-ing to the NAS, mount the encrypted partition on command line, then connecting via SMB, and finally umount the partition after being done. I can't explain that to my mom, or in fact to anyone.) does not store the encryption key the NAS itself, encrypts file meta-data and content (i.e. safe against the 'RIAA' attack, where an intruder should not be able to identify which songs are in your MP3 collection). What I hoped to do was use Samba + PAM. The idea was that on connecting to the SMB server, I'd have to enter the password on the client, which sends it to the server for authentication, which would use the password to mount the encrpytion partition, and would unmount it again when the session was closed. Turns out that doesn't really work, because SMB does not transmit the password in the plain and hence I can't configure PAM to use the incoming password to mount the encrypted patition. So... anything I'm overlooking? Is there any way in which I can use the password entered on the client (e.g. on SMB connect) to initiate mounting the encrypted dir on the server?

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• Windows 7 home backup solution, with offsite provision

  - by Richard E

  I am looking for a home backup solution for my single Windows 7 (Home Premium) PC. I have about 500GB of data to backup. I would like to spend less than GBP 300 on the solution. I don't see the need to backup the whole PC, rather specific folder branches (iTunes, photos, documents, Outlook files, user folders such as desktop, favorites etc). I would like a solution that enables me to maintain backups in two separate physical locations (e.g. home and work). To facilitate this I am imagining a storage unit with slots for two removable drives, along with three separate drives. At any one time two of the drives will be being backed up to in the storage unit. The third will be located at my work. Periodically I will take one of the drives into work and leave it there, then bring the drive that was there back home, and plug it into the storage unit. It will then be backed up along with the other drive that was left in the storage unit. This approach should cover scenarios such as virus attack and fire or theft from one location. Thoughts and comments on the sanity of this approach please...

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• Windows 7 home backup solution, with offsite provision

  - by Richard E

  I am looking for a home backup solution for my single Windows 7 (Home Premium) PC. I have about 500GB of data to backup. I would like to spend less than GBP 300 on the solution. I don't see the need to backup the whole PC, rather specific folder branches (iTunes, photos, documents, Outlook files, user folders such as desktop, favorites etc). I would like a solution that enables me to maintain backups in two separate physical locations (e.g. home and work). To facilitate this I am imagining a storage unit with slots for two removable drives, along with three separate drives. At any one time two of the drives will be being backed up to in the storage unit. The third will be located at my work. Periodically I will take one of the drives into work and leave it there, then bring the drive that was there back home, and plug it into the storage unit. It will then be backed up along with the other drive that was left in the storage unit. This approach should cover scenarios such as virus attack and fire or theft from one location. Thoughts and comments on the sanity of this approach please...

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• Unable to logon using terminal server connection

  - by satch

  I have several W2K3 SP2 servers, admin TS enabled. I discovered this morning, I was unable to logon into some of them. I've a couple of Citrix servers in different farms, a SAP (IA64) app server and a cvs server. All of them show same sympthoms; remote connections are refused. I've been able to logon locally, and terminal server service is up, there are no users (so connections are not depleted). There are no errors in log in most servers. One of the Citrix ones, reported following errors: Event ID 50 Source TermDD Type Error Description The RDP protocol component X.224 detected an error in the protocol stream and has disconnected the client. and Event ID 1006 Source TermService Type Error Description The terminal server received large number of incomplete connections. The system may be under attack. Anyway, I suppose these errors appear because server isn't working, and Citrix users try to logon massively. (I nmap'ed server and port seems up). I've solved this problem rebooting before, but with so many servers affected it seems like a crappy workaround. Any idea about troubleshooting it properly? Thanks in advance

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• Host spreads wrong MAC Adress of router on the WIFI

  - by JavaIsMyIsland

  Strange things are going on our network. Since yesterday a host which is actually not on our subnet spreads wrong ARP Replys on our network. To be precise, only on the WIFI. If I connect my Laptop to the cable ethernet, it gets the right MAC adress of the router. Also my Android phone and my Ubuntu system do get the right MAC Adress. So I took a look at wireshark. When I clear the ARP cache of the windows machine, the first ARP response is correct and comes from the router. But like 10 ms later another ARP response comes from another host in the WIFI. The host changes its IP Adresses from time to time and they look like they are not on our subnet. So I can not use the internet because DNS is not working anymore. Sometimes the router wins the race condition and the mac adress is set correctly in the arp cache. I first thought, this is an arp-poisoning mitm attack but it does not make sense if the packets get not routed correctly?! I restarted the router but it didn't help. I have no access to the router, else I would change the shared key to make sure there is no intruder on the wifi.

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• ADFS Relying Party

  - by user49607

  I'm trying to set up an Active Directory Federation Service Relying Party and I get the following error. I've tried modifying the page to allow <pages validateRequest="false"> to web.config and it doesn't make a difference. Can someone help me out? Server Error in '/test' Application. A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client (wresult="<t:RequestSecurityTo..."). Description: Request Validation has detected a potentially dangerous client input value, and processing of the request has been aborted. This value may indicate an attempt to compromise the security of your application, such as a cross-site scripting attack. To allow pages to override application request validation settings, set the requestValidationMode attribute in the httpRuntime configuration section to requestValidationMode="2.0". Example: <httpRuntime requestValidationMode="2.0" />. After setting this value, you can then disable request validation by setting validateRequest="false" in the Page directive or in the <pages> configuration section. However, it is strongly recommended that your application explicitly check all inputs in this case. For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=153133. Exception Details: System.Web.HttpRequestValidationException: A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client (wresult="<t:RequestSecurityTo..."). Source Error: An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below. Stack Trace: [HttpRequestValidationException (0x80004005): A potentially dangerous Request.Form value was detected from the client (wresult="<t:RequestSecurityTo...").] System.Web.HttpRequest.ValidateString(String value, String collectionKey, RequestValidationSource requestCollection) +11309476 System.Web.HttpRequest.ValidateNameValueCollection(NameValueCollection nvc, RequestValidationSource requestCollection) +82 System.Web.HttpRequest.get_Form() +186 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Web.WSFederationAuthenticationModule.IsSignInResponse(HttpRequest request) +26 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Web.WSFederationAuthenticationModule.CanReadSignInResponse(HttpRequest request, Boolean onPage) +145 Microsoft.IdentityModel.Web.WSFederationAuthenticationModule.OnAuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs args) +108 System.Web.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +80 System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +266 `

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• How do I fix Internet Explorer / Firefox differences in Oracle JD Edwards Enterprise?

  - by CT

  Our company uses Oracle's JD Edwards Enterprise to do accounting work. We have an application consultant working for us to just deal JD Edwards but he is of non-technical background so only helps in application-specific support. All of our users should use IE 7 for JDE. About 15-20% of those users have problems which cause them to not be able to use IE 7. So those problematic users use firefox. For the most part firefox works fine but there are a few issues. Some menus / options within JDE that are present in IE 7 are not present in firefox. If I could get all of our users working under IE 7, all the firefox issues would be mute points. I have cross referenced Internet Options settings from a working IE 7 user and a non-working IE 7 user. All settings seem to be mirrored. I'm not sure how to go about continuing to troubleshoot this issue. So not only answers but just suggestive ideas for attack would be appreciated. Thanks

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• Unexplained cache RAM drops on Linux machine

  - by FunkyChicken

  I run a CentOS 5.7 64 machine with 24gb ram and running kernel 2.6.18-274.12.1.el5. This machine runs only Nginx, php-fpm and Xcache as extra applications. Since about 3 weeks my memory behavior on this machine has changed and I cannot explain why. There are no crons running which flush anything like this. There are also no large numbers of files being deleted/changed during these drops. The 'cached' memory gets dropped about every few hours, but it's never a set gap between flushes, this indicates to me that some bottleneck gets reached instead. It also always seems to be when total memory usages gets to about 18GB, but again, not always exactly 18GB. This is a graph of my memory usage: As you can see in the graph the 'buffers' always stay more or less the same, it is mainly the 'cache' that gets dropped. Running vmstat -m I have outputted the memory usage just before and just after a memory drop. The output is here: http://pastebin.com/diff.php?i=hJqZqztm 'old version' being before, 'new version' being after a drop. About 3 weeks ago my server crashed during a heavy DDOS attack, after I rebooted the machine this odd behavior started. I have checked a bunch of logs, restarted the machine again, and cannot find any indication what changed. During these 'cache' memory drops, my iNode usage drops at the same time. Does anyone have any idea what might be causing this behavior? Clearly my RAM isn't full, so I am curious why this could be happening.

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• How to edit known_hosts when several hosts share the same IP and DNS name?

  - by Frédéric Grosshans

  I regularly ssh into a computer which is a dual-boot OS X / Linux computer. The two OS instance do not share the same host key, so they can be seen as two host sharing the same IP and DNS. Let's say the IP is 192.168.0.9, and the names are hostname and hostname.domainname As far as I understood, the solution to be able to connect to the two host is to add them both to the ~/.ssh/know_hosts file. However, it is easier said than done, because the file is hashed, and has probably several entries per host (192.168.0.9, hostname, hostname.domainname). As a consequence, I have the following warning Warning: the ECDSA host key for 'hostname' differs from the key for the IP address '192.168.0.9' Is there an easy way to edit the known_hosts file, while keeping the hashes. For example, how can I find the lines corresponding to a given hostame? How can I generate the hashes for some known hosts? The ideal solution would allow me to connect to seamlessly to this computer with ssh, no matter whether I call it 192.168.0.9, hostname or hostname.domainname, nor if it uses its Linux hostkey or its OSX hostkey. However, I still want to receive a warning if there is a real man-in-the middle attack, i.e. if another key than these two is used.

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• What is the ip range of EC2

  - by Nicolas Kassis

  I'd like to setup a rule to block ssh request from EC2 since I've been seeing a large amount of ssh based attack from there and was wondering if anyone knew what their IP ranges are. EDIT: Thank you for the answer, I went ahead and implemented the iptables rules as follow. I ignore all traffic for the moment. Logging it just to see if the rules are working and for stats on how much crap EC2 is sending out ;) #EC2 Blacklist $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 67.202.0.0/18 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 67.202.0.0/18 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 72.44.32.0/19 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 72.44.32.0/19 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 75.101.128.0/17 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 75.101.128.0/17 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 174.129.0.0/16 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 174.129.0.0/16 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.192.0/18 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.192.0/18 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.224.0/19 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 204.236.224.0/19 -j DROP $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 79.125.0.0/17 -j LOG --log-prefix "<firewall> EC2 traffic " $IPTBLS -A INPUT -s 79.125.0.0/17 -j DROP

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• How to export SQL Server data from corrupted database (with disk write error)

  - by damitamit

  IT realised there was a disk write error on our production SQL Server 2005 and hence was causing the backups to fail. By the time they had realised this the nightly backup was old, so were not able to just restore the backup on another server. The database is still running and being used constantly. However DBCC CheckDB fails. Also the SQL Server backup task fails, Copy Database fails, Export Data Wizard fails. However it seems all the data can be read from the tables (i.e using bcp etc) Another observation I have made is that the Transaction Log is nearly double the size of the Database. (Does that mean all the changes arent being written to the MDF?) What would be the best plan of attack to get the database to a state where backups are working and the data is safe? Take the database offline and use the MDF/LDF to somehow create the database on another sql server? Export the data from the database using bcp. Create the database (use the Generate Scripts function on the corrupt db to create the schema on the new db) on another sql server and use bcp again to import the data. Some other option that is the right course of action in this situation? The IT manager says the data is safe as if the server fails, the data can be restored from the mdf/ldf. I'm not sure so insisted that we start exporting the data each night as a failsafe (using bcp for example). IT are also having issues on the hardware side of things as supposedly the disk error in on a virtualized disk and can't be rebuilt like a normal raid array (or something like that). Please excuse my use of incorrect terminology and incorrect assumptions on how Sql Server operates. I'm the application developer and have been called to help (as it seems IT know less about SQL Server than I do). Many Thanks, Amit

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• Postfix message ID originating process?

  - by Anders Braüner Nielsen

  Last night my postfix mail server(Debian Squeeze with dovecot, roundcube, opendkim and spamassassin enabled) started sending out spam from a single domain of mine like these: $cat mail.log|grep D6930B76EA9 Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/pickup[28675]: D6930B76EA9: uid=65534 from=<[email protected]> Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/cleanup[27889]: D6930B76EA9: message-id=<[email protected]> Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/qmgr[7018]: D6930B76EA9: from=<[email protected]>, size=957, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/error[7819]: D6930B76EA9: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.03, delays=0.02/0/0/0, dsn=4.4.2, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: lost connection with mta5.am0.yahoodns.net[66.196.118.33] while sending RCPT TO) The domain in question did not have any accounts enabled but only a catchall alias set through postfixadmin - most emails were send from a specific address I use frequently but some were also sent from bogus addresses. None of the other virtual domains handled by postfix were affected. How can I find out what process was feeding postfix/sendmail or more info on where they originated? As far as I can tell php mail() wasn't used and I've run several open relay tests. I did a little tinkering(removed winbind from the server and ipv6 addresses from main.cf) after the attack and it seems to have subsided but I still have no idea how my server was suddenly sending out spam. Maybe I fixed it - maybe I didn't. Can anyone help figuring out how I was compromised? Anywhere else I should look? I've run Linux Malware Detect on recently changed files but nothing found.

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• Unable to logon using terminal server connection

  - by satch

  I have several W2K3 SP2 servers, admin TS enabled. I discovered this morning, I was unable to logon into some of them. I've a couple of Citrix servers in different farms, a SAP (IA64) app server and a cvs server. All of them show same sympthoms; remote connections are refused. I've been able to logon locally, and terminal server service is up, there are no users (so connections are not depleted). There are no errors in log in most servers. One of the Citrix ones, reported following errors: Event ID 50 Source TermDD Type Error Description The RDP protocol component X.224 detected an error in the protocol stream and has disconnected the client. and Event ID 1006 Source TermService Type Error Description The terminal server received large number of incomplete connections. The system may be under attack. Anyway, I suppose these errors appear because server isn't working, and Citrix users try to logon massively. (I nmap'ed server and port seems up). I've solved this problem rebooting before, but with so many servers affected it seems like a crappy workaround. Any idea about troubleshooting it properly? Thanks in advance

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