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  • What's a good way to detect wrap-around in a fixed-width message counter?

    - by Kristo
    I'm writing a client application to communicate with a server program via UDP. The client periodically makes requests for data and needs to use the most recent server response. The request message has a 16-bit unsigned counter field that is echoed by the server so I can pair requests with server responses. Since it's UDP, I have to handle the case where server responses arrive out of order (or don't arrive at all). Naively, that means holding on to the highest message counter seen so far and dropping any incoming message with a lower number. But that will fail as soon as we pass 65535 messages and the counter wraps back to zero. Is there a good way to detect (with reasonable probability) that, for example, message 5 actually comes after message 65,000? The implementation language is C++.

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  • Programming language for fast calculations with big integers

    - by sub
    I'm doing Project Euler problems at the moment and I can solve most of them using my own programming language which uses direct C++ integers (so they are bound to 2^32 on my machine). However, at times there are problems which require me to work with very high numbers, I can't do that with native integers. So I implemented a BigInt library in my language which unfortunately gets extremely slow at times. Is there a programming language suitable for very efficient handling of big numbers? I mean that I want to do the things I could do in other programming languages with it (variables, loops, etc.), but in a faster way. If you have got tips for workarounds of the 2^32 limit in my language/C++/other languages, please tell me too!

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  • Delphi: How to avoid EIntOverflow underflow when subtracting?

    - by Ian Boyd
    Microsoft already says, in the documentation for GetTickCount, that you could never compare tick counts to check if an interval has passed. e.g.: Incorrect (pseudo-code): DWORD endTime = GetTickCount + 10000; //10 s from now ... if (GetTickCount > endTime) break; The above code is bad because it is suceptable to rollover of the tick counter. For example, assume that the clock is near the end of it's range: endTime = 0xfffffe00 + 10000 = 0x00002510; //9,488 decimal Then you perform your check: if (GetTickCount > endTime) Which is satisfied immediatly, since GetTickCount is larger than endTime: if (0xfffffe01 > 0x00002510) The solution Instead you should always subtract the two time intervals: DWORD startTime = GetTickCount; ... if (GetTickCount - startTime) > 10000 //if it's been 10 seconds break; Looking at the same math: if (GetTickCount - startTime) > 10000 if (0xfffffe01 - 0xfffffe00) > 10000 if (1 > 10000) Which is all well and good in C/C++, where the compiler behaves a certain way. But what about Delphi? But when i perform the same math in Delphi, with overflow checking on ({Q+}, {$OVERFLOWCHECKS ON}), the subtraction of the two tick counts generates an EIntOverflow exception when the TickCount rolls over: if (0x00000100 - 0xffffff00) > 10000 0x00000100 - 0xffffff00 = 0x00000200 What is the intended solution for this problem? Edit: i've tried to temporarily turn off OVERFLOWCHECKS: {$OVERFLOWCHECKS OFF}] delta = GetTickCount - startTime; {$OVERFLOWCHECKS ON} But the subtraction still throws an EIntOverflow exception. Is there a better solution, involving casts and larger intermediate variable types?

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  • jquery .load taking too long after successive calls

    - by user560079
    I have the following jquery script: <script> $(function(){ $('#menu-change-div').on('click', 'a.change-content', function(e){ e.preventDefault() $("#content").load($(this).attr("href")); }); }); </script> It dynamically loads content into my content div depending on which link they clicked in the menu. The problem I am having is when I click multiple links, say 5-10 in a row, the load time goes from instantly to taking 10 seconds or more to not even loading. Is there something in my function that is causing this? Thanks

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  • Question about variable definitions in functions.

    - by Kaan Tekelioglu
    Hi. #include <stdio.h> main() { int a; for(a=1; a<=4 && printf("%d ",a); a++) { int a; static int b=a; printf("%d ",(a++)-b); } getchar(); getchar(); } In this code, the printout is 1 0 2 1 3 2 4 3. I understand why the int a; part works differently then the int a which was defined outside the for function, and why static int b; is only defined once with the primary value of a ; but why does the (a++) part in printf affect proceeding values of a? Don't we redefine int a; each time the for function runs? Thanks in advance.

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  • Given an array of integers [x0 x1 x2], how do you calculate all possible permutations from [0 0 0] t

    - by user319951
    I am writing a program that takes in an ArrayList and I need to calculate all possible permutations starting with a list of zeroes, up to the value in the corresponding input list. Does anyone know how to iteratively calculate these values? For example, given [ 1 2 ] as input, it should find and store the following lists: [0 0], [1 0], [1 1], [1 2], [0 1], [0 2] Thanks!

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  • Possible loss of precision / [type] cannot be dereferenced

    - by Samuel
    I have been looking around a lot but i simply can't find a nice solution to this... Point mouse = MouseInfo.getPointerInfo().getLocation(); int dx = (BULLET_SPEED*Math.abs(x - mouse.getX()))/ (Math.abs(y - mouse.getY()) + Math.abs(x - mouse.getX()))* (x - mouse.getX())/Math.abs(x - mouse.getX()); In this constellation i get: Possible loss of precision, when i change e.g (x - mouse.getX()) to (x - mouse.getX()).doubleValue() it says double cannot be dereferenced, when i add intValue() somewhere it says int cannot be dereferenced. What's my mistake? [x, y are integers | BULLET_SPEED is a static final int] Thanks!

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  • strcmp equivelant for integers (intcmp) in PHP

    - by Chase
    So we got this function in PHP strcmp(string $1,string $2) // returns -1,0, or 1; We Do not however, have an intcmp(); So i created one: function intcmp($a,$b) { if((int)$a == (int)$b)return 0; if((int)$a > (int)$b)return 1; if((int)$a < (int)$b)return -1; } This just feels dirty. What do you all think?

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  • Playing craps, asking and printing

    - by Angelo Mejia
    How do I ask the amount of games of craps someone wants to play and print the number of wins as a result of n number of games? Also How do I make a table in the main method using the previous methods I have? A table like this but shows the results: Percent Wins Games Experiment Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 public class CrapsAnalysis { public static int rollDie( int n) { return (int)(Math.random()*n) + 1 ; } public static int rollDice( ) { int die1 ; int die2 ; die1 = rollDie(6) ; die2 = rollDie(6) ; return die1 + die2 ; } public static boolean playOneGame( ) { int newDice ; //repeated dice rolls int roll ; //first roll of the dice int playerPoint = 0 ; //player point if no win or loss on first roll newDice = rollDice() ; roll = rollDice() ; if (roll == 7 || roll == 11) return true; else if (roll == 2 || roll == 3 || roll == 12) return false; else { playerPoint = roll; newDice = rollDice(); do { newDice = rollDice(); } while (newDice != playerPoint || newDice != 7) ; if (newDice == 7) return false; else return true; } } public static int playGames ( int n ) { int numWon = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) if(playOneGame()) numWon++; return numWon; } public static void main(String[] args) { //Don't know how to ask and print out the results of the number of wins depending on the n number of games played } }

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  • How to concatenate int values in java?

    - by Shamli
    hi, I have the following values: int a=1; int b=0; int c=2; int d=2; int e=1; How do i concatenate these values so that i end up with a String that is 10221; please note that multiplying a by 10000, b by 1000.....and e by 1 will not working since b=0 and therefore i will lose it when i add the values up. Thnks you in advance.

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  • Is a safe accumulator really this complicated?

    - by Martin
    I'm trying to write an accumulator that is well behaved given unconstrained inputs. This seems to not be trivial and requires some pretty strict planning. Is it really this hard? int naive_accumulator(unsigned int max, unsigned int *accumulator, unsigned int amount) { if(*accumulator + amount >= max) return 1; // could overflow *accumulator += max; // could overflow return 0; } int safe_accumulator(unsigned int max, unsigned int *accumulator, unsigned int amount) { // if amount >= max, then certainly *accumulator + amount >= max if(amount >= max) { return 1; } // based on the comparison above, max - amount is defined // but *accumulator + amount might not be if(*accumulator >= max - amount) { return 1; } // based on the comparison above, *accumulator + amount is defined // and *accumulator + amount < max *accumulator += amount; return 0; }

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  • Convert String containing several numbers into integers

    - by GobiasKoffi
    I realize that this question may have been asked several times in the past, but I am going to continue regardless. I have a program that is going to get a string of numbers from keyboard input. The numbers will always be in the form "66 33 9" Essentially, every number is separated with a space, and the user input will always contain a different amount of numbers. I'm aware that using 'sscanf' would work if the amount of numbers in every user-entered string was constant, but this is not the case for me. Also, because I'm new to C++, I'd prefer dealing with 'string' variables rather than arrays of chars.

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  • Write set of integers to std::ofstream and be able to read them back

    - by bndu
    Hello, I need to write a bunch of unsigned integers to std::ofstream in binary mode: std::ofstream f; f.open("some path", std::ios::out | std::ios::binary); // some loop { unsigned int k = get_k(); // may product numbers from 0 to 65535 f << k; } f.close(); They are written to the output file "as is" w/o any delimiter. So when I'm trying to read them back (expecting to get what I wrote) using std::ifstream I get very strange values. What I'm doing wrong? Or I should to put ' ' (space) to the stream after any added number to separate them? Thanks.

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  • difference between C(gcc 4.3.2) , C 99 strict(gcc 4.3.2) , C++(gcc-4.0.0-8) ,C++(gcc-4.3.2)

    - by user1139048
    I have the following questions concerning the differences between the four options: What is the main difference between the four options? Which of the above support int64_t or long long without suffix LL. I want a data type of the range 2^63 - 1 If your answer to my second question is not C(gcc 4.3.2) , whether the code I write in C(gcc 4.3.2) for C language will be valid in rest of the three options or do I have to modify something, then what will be those modifications.

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  • C# newbie problem with variable types

    - by ile
    int newWidth = 100; int newHeight = 100; double ratio = 0; if (img1.Width > img1.Height) { ratio = img1.Width / img1.Height; newHeight = (int)(newHeight / ratio); } else { ratio = img1.Height / img1.Width; newWidth = (int)(newWidth / ratio); } Image bmp1 = img1.GetThumbnailImage(newWidth, newHeight, null, IntPtr.Zero); bmp1.Save(Server.MapPath("~/Uploads/Photos/Thumbnails/") + photo.PhotoID + ".jpg"); I always get Image with both height and width having same values (100) I am obiously doing something wrong with type conversion?

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  • argument promotions in C function calls

    - by HaoCheng
    I learned from ----As to when default promotions kick in: default argument promotions are used exactly when the expected type of the argument is unknown, which is to say when there's no prototype or when the argument is variadic. But an example confusing me is: void func(char a, char b) { printf("a=%p,b=%p\n",&a,&b); } int main(void) { char a=0x11,b=0x22; func(a,b); return 0; } It is cleard in the above example: when calling func in main, there is no need to promote the arguments a and b, but the output shows &a = &b +4 not &a = &b+1. If no promotion occured, why 4 bytes between two CHAR argument?

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  • Extract data from uint8 to double

    - by HADJ AMOR HASSEN
    I have a C function receiving a uint8 pointer with another parameter which is its size (number of bytes). I want to extract double data from this buffer. Here is my code: Write(uint8* data, uint8 size) /* data and size are given by a callback to my function)*/ { double d; for (i = 0; i < size; i++) { d = ((double*)&data)[i]; printf(" d = %d\n"); } } The problem is that I am not receiving what I am sending within an external hardware. I guess that my cast is wrong. I tried other methods but without any good result. I am still not able to get what I send.

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  • PHP: Is_numeric returns false on 0

    - by Industrial
    Hi everyone, Is_numeric() as well as is_int() returns false if the value is 0. What can i do instead to verify that a specific value is numbers only in PHP? Are we heading straight for the Regular Expressions camp, or are there some nice, handy feature for this out there already? Thanks!

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