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• What's the best way to check that environment variables are set in Unix shellscript

  - by AndrewR

  I've got a few Unix shell scripts where I need to check that certain environment variables are set before I start doing stuff, so I do this sort of thing: if [ -z "$STATE" ]; then echo "Need to set STATE" exit 1 fi if [ -z "$DEST" ]; then echo "Need to set DEST" exit 1 fi which is a lot of typing. Is there a more elegant idiom for checking that a set of environment variables is set? EDIT: I should mention that these variables have no meaningful default value - the script should error out if any are unset.

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• Is there a bash shortcut for traversing similar directory structures?

  - by Steve Weet

  The Korn shell used to have a very useful option to cd for traversing similar directory structures e.g. given the following directorys /home/sweet/dev/projects/trunk/projecta/app/models /home/andy/dev/projects/trunk/projecta/app/models Then if you were in the /home/sweet.... directory then you could change to the equivalent directory in andy's structure by typing cd sweet andy So if ksh saw 2 arguments then it would scan the current directory path for the first value, replace it with the second and cd there. Is anyone aware of similar functionality in bash. EDIT 1 Following on from Michal's excellent answer I have now created the following bash function called scd (For Sideways cd) function scd { cd "${PWD/$1/$2}" } EDIT 2 Thanks to @digitalross I can now reproduce the ksh functionality exactly with the code from below (With the addition of a pwd to tell you where you have changed to) cd () { if [ "x$2" != x ]; then builtin cd ${PWD/$1/$2} pwd else builtin cd "$@" fi }

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• Trying to test space in filesystem on Unix

  - by Buzkie

  I need to check if I Filesystem exists, and if it does exist there is 300 MB of space in it. What I have so far: if [ "$(df -m /opt/IBM | grep -vE '^Filesystem' | awk '{print ($3)}')" < "300" ] then echo "not enough space in the target filesystem" exit 1 fi This throws an error. I don't really know what I'm doing in shell. My highest priority is AIX but I'm trying to get it to work for HP and Sun too. Please help. -Alex

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• Editing Multiple files in vi with Wildcards

  - by Alan Storm

  When using the programmers text editor vi, I'll often using a wildcard search to be lazy about the file I want to edit vi ThisIsAReallLongFi*.txt When this matches a single file it works great. However, if it matches multiple files vi does something weird. First, it opens the first file for editing Second, when I :wq out of the file, I get a message the bottom of the terminal that looks like this E173: 4 more files to edit Hit ENTER or type command to continue When I hit enter, it returns me to edit mode in the file I was just in. The behavior I'd expect here would be that vi would move on to the next file to edit. So, What's the logic behind vi's behavior here Is there a way to move on and edit the next file that's been matched? And yes, I know about tab completion, this question is based on curiosity and wanting to understand the shell better.

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• What would be the right way to declare an array within a script that will be called by cron?

  - by Nano Taboada

  I've written a Korn Shell script that sets an array the following way: set -A fruits Apple Orange Banana Strawberry but when I'm trying to run it from within cron, it raises the following error: Your "cron" job on myhost /myScript.sh produced the following output: myScript.sh: -A: bad option(s) I've tried many crontab syntax variants, such as: Attempt 1: 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /path/to/script/myScript.sh Attempt 2: 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * /path/to/script/./myScript.sh Attempt 3: 0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * * cd /path/to/script && ./myScript.sh Any workaround would be sincerely appreciated. Thanks much in advance!

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• Random password variable disappears

  - by snaken

  Hi, I'm using the following to generate a random password in a shell script: DBPASS=</dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9| (head -c $1 > /dev/null 2>&1 || head -c 8) When i run this in a file on its own like this: #!/bin/sh DBPASS=</dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9| (head -c $1 > /dev/null 2>&1 || head -c 8) echo $DBPASS A password is echoed. When i incorporate it into a larger script though the variable never seems to get created for some reason, so for example this doesn't work: DBPASS=</dev/urandom tr -dc A-Za-z0-9| (head -c $1 > /dev/null 2>&1 || head -c 8) sed -i s/oldpass/$DBPASS/ mysql_connect.php If i manually set the variable though everything is fine.. can anyone see why?

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• Checking for cross-site scripting vulnerabilities in Perl web applications

  - by David Scholefield

  I'm putting together some notes for a dev team on how to write secure Perl code - especially taking into account the current OWASP top 10 web application vulnerabilities. For cross-site scripting I've included information on ensuring that all output to the browser is checked and escaped where necessary, but I'm looking for more automated mechanisms that would mean a developer doesn't have to think about every output statement and, potentially, miss one. Perl's 'taint' function sounds like it should be a help because it distrusts all user input, but it doesn't complain on tainted data being output to the browser. Apart from checking all output statements individually (probably by calling a generic sanitizing function) does anyone have any ideas on how Perl can help with this with existing libraries or techniques?

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• What is a good scripting language for FTP downloading

  - by WxPilot

  I need to develop some scripts for downloading files from a remote server to our file system. We need to grab files that have various timestamps, and place them into appropriate folders on our system. I'm probably opening quite the can of worms here, but which scripting language would be the best for getting this done? Right now I am using C Shell, which is working fine, but it is requiring multiple scripts because of the use of the ftp command. I wanted to know if there is a better option before I go too far into this project. There are no security concerns within the scripts as far as FTP accounts (public access FTP)

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• unix shell script - extract file name

  - by arav

  I have a variable which has the directory path along with file name. I want to extract the filename alone from the unix directory path and store it in a variable fspec="/exp/home1/abc.txt"

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• prepend to a file one liner shell?

  - by elmarco

  This is probably a complex solution. I am looking for a simple operator like "", but for prepending. I am afraid it does not exist. I'll have to do something like mv $F tmp cat header tmp $F Anything smarter? (I am not fond of tmp files)

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• Running shell scripts with sudo through my Rails app

  - by nfm

  In my Rails app, I have some functionality that interfaces with the server's OS. I've written a bash script, put it in my lib/ subdirectory, and can run it from my controller. However, some functionality of the script requires superuser privileges. What is the most sane way to run this script securely? It is being passed arguments from a web form, but should only be able to be called by authenticated (and trusted) users.

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• Bash Shell Script: Nested Select Statements

  - by CCG121

  I have A Script that has a Select statement to go to multiple sub select statements however once there I can not seem to figure out how to get it to go back to the main script. also if possible i would like it to re-list the options #!/bin/bash PS3='Option = ' MAINOPTIONS="Apache Postfix Dovecot All Quit" APACHEOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" POSTFIXOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" DOVECOTOPTIONS="Restart Start Stop Status" select opt in $MAINOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Quit" ]; then echo Now Exiting exit elif [ "$opt" = "Apache" ]; then select opt in $APACHEOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "Postfix" ]; then select opt in $POSTFIXOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/postfix status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "Dovecot" ]; then select opt in $DOVECOTOPTIONS; do if [ "$opt" = "Restart" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot restart elif [ "$opt" = "Start" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot start elif [ "$opt" = "Stop" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot stop elif [ "$opt" = "Status" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot status fi done elif [ "$opt" = "All" ]; then sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart sudo /etc/init.d/postfix restart sudo /etc/init.d/dovecot restart fi done

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• Sorting shell items like windows explorer

  - by Roy M Klever

  Hi, I am making a bread crumb bar in Delphi and having some problems regarding sorting the dropdown of the bread crumbs. Strangely enough, even Vista is not consequent when showing these items. I have tried many ways to figure out what is system folders, what is zip files and what is normal folders. It seems like an easy task but so far I have not found any good way of doing it. One way is to use TypeDisplayName from TSHFileinfo but these are localized names so I can not be sure they will be in correct order in every language. Here is the code I use to fill the menu: bool:= IsDesktop(SelectedPIDL); if bool then OleCheck(SHGetDesktopFolder(CurFolder)) else OleCheck(DesktopShellFolder.BindToObject(SelectedPIDL, nil, IID_IShellFolder, Pointer(CurFolder))); if CurFolder.EnumObjects(0, SHCONTF_FOLDERS, EnumIDList) = NOERROR then begin while EnumIDList.Next(1, CurPidl, Fetched) = S_OK do begin FName:= GetDisplayName(CurFolder, CurPidl, SHGDN_NORMAL); Text:= GetPIDLNameForAddressBar(CurFolder, CurPidl); if bool then Text:= PSpecialFolderItem(SpecialFolders[0]).Name + '\' + Text; if Text[Length(Text)] <> '\' then Text:= Text + '\'; NewPidl:= ConcatPIDLs(SelectedPIDL, CurPidl); SHGetFileInfo(PChar(NewPidl), 0, SFI, SizeOf(SFI), SHGFI_ATTRIBUTES or SHGFI_PIDL or SHGFI_SYSICONINDEX or SHGFI_TYPENAME); n:= SFI.dwAttributes; MenuList.Add(GetAttr(n) + FName); AddMenuItem(Text, FName, SFI.iIcon); CoTaskMemFree(CurPidl); CoTaskMemFree(NewPidl); end; end; CoTaskMemFree(SelectedPIDL); Any solution for how to get the correct sorting order? It is strange there is no way in dwAttributes of TSHFileInfo to tell if a folder is a system folder. Roy M Klever

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• Unfold vCard lines in shell

  - by l0b0

  vCard lines can be folded by inserting "\r\n " (that's a space at the start of the new line), but I'm struggling to unfold them with the line-oriented GNU tools (sed, cut). Any ideas? Effectively, from the string foo bar baz ban bay bal it must return foobar baz banbaybal

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• Delphi Shell IExtractIcon usage and result

  - by Roy M Klever

  What I do: Try to extract thumbnail using IExtractImage if that fail I try to extract icons using IExtractIcon, to get maximum iconsize, but IExtractIcon gives strange results. Problem is I tried to use a methode that extracts icons from an imagelist but if there is no large icon (256x256) it will render the smaller icon at the topleft position of the icon and that does not look good. That is why I am trying to use the IExtractIcon instead. But icons that show up as 256x256 icons in my imagelist extraction methode reports icon sizes as 33 large and 16 small. So how do I check if a large (256x256) icon exists? If you need more info I can provide som sample code. if PThumb.Image = nil then begin OleCheck(ShellFolder.ParseDisplayName(0, nil, StringToOleStr(PThumb.Name), Eaten, PIDL, Atribute)); ShellFolder.GetUIObjectOf(0, 1, PIDL, IExtractIcon, nil, XtractIcon); CoTaskMemFree(PIDL); bool:= False; if Assigned(XtractIcon) then begin GetLocationRes := XtractIcon.GetIconLocation(GIL_FORSHELL, @Buf, sizeof(Buf), IIdx, IFlags); if (GetLocationRes = NOERROR) or (GetLocationRes = E_PENDING) then begin Bmp := TBitmap.Create; try OleCheck(XtractIcon.Extract(@Buf, IIdx, LIcon, SIcon, 32 + (16 shl 16))); Done:= False; Roy M Klever

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• Bourne Shell: Convert ~/Desktop to /users/me/Desktop

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  Incredably annoyed at the Java Keytool. So much so that I have created a new tag: "SunSuck". The keytool does not resolve impartial directories. Ie this works: keytool -keystore "/users/me/Desktop" ... This doesn't: keytool -keystore "~/Desktop" ... Is there something that I could call like this: keytool -keystore "$(<cmd> ~/Desktop)" ...

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• grep 5 seconds of input from the serial port inside a shell-script

  - by pica

  I've got a device that I'm operating next to my PC and as it runs it's spitting log lines out it's serial port. I have this wired to my PC and I can see the log lines fine if I'm using either minicom or something like: ttylog -b 115200 -d /dev/ttyS0 I want to write 5 seconds of the device serial output to a temp file (or assign it to a variable) and then later grep that file for keywords that will let me know how the device is operating. I've already tried redirecting the output to a file while running the command in the background, and then sleeping 5 seconds and killing the process, but the log lines never get written to my temp file. Example: touch tempFile ttylog -b 115200 -d /dev/ttyS0 >> tempFile & serialPID=$! sleep 5 #kill ${serialPID} #does not work, gets wrong PID killall ttylog cat tempFile The file gets created but never filled with any data. I can also replace the ttylog line with: ttylog -b 115200 -d /dev/ttyS0 |tee -a tempFile & In neither case do I ever see any log lines logged to stdout or the log file unless I have multiple versions of ttylog running by mistake (see commented out line, D'oh). I have no idea what's going on here. It seems to be a failure of redirection within my script. Am I on the right track? Is there a better way to sample 5 seconds of the serial port?

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• Shell script argument parsing

  - by Peter Coulton

  There are a number of questions about this sort of thing but lets imagine we are targeting a generic Linux system with both getopt and getopts installed (not that we'll use either, but they seem popular) How do I parse both long (--example | --example simple-option) and short argruments (-e | -esimple-example | -e simple-example)

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• Difference between piping a file to sh and calling a shell file

  - by Peter Coulton

  This is what was trying to do: $ wget -qO- www.example.com/script.sh | sh which quietly downloads the script and prints it to stdout which is then piped to sh. This unfortunately doesn't quite work, failing to wait for user input a various points, aswell as a few syntax errors. This is what actually works: $ wget -qOscript www.example.com/script.sh && chmod +x ./script && ./script But what's the difference? I'm thinking maybe piping the file doesn't execute the file, but rather executes each line individually, but I'm new to this kind of thing so I don't know.

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• GnuPG Shell Script - Refuses to read password

  - by OopsForgotMyOtherUserName

  The script below used to work on Mac OS X, but, since moving it to Ubuntu, it doesn't seem to read from the password file at all. Even when I run it from the command line, no matter what I do, I get a popup prompt asking me for the password. As this will run via cron, I don't want this to happen... I want it to read the password from the file with no prompt. To note, I did try using passphrase-fd and passphrase-file, neither of which worked... #!/bin/sh p=$(<pass.txt) set -- $p pass_phrase=$1 destination="/var/www/decrypted" cd /var/sl_bin/ for FILE in *.pgp; do FILENAME=${FILE%.pgp} gpg --passphrase "$pass_phrase" --output "$destination/$FILENAME" --decrypt "$FILE" rm -f $FILE done

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• Selecting Update queries alone from list of files using shell script

  - by Harish

  I am trying to get Update queries from a list of files using this script.I need to take lines containing "Update" alone and not "Updated" or "UpdateSQL"As we know all update queries contain set I am using that as well.But I need to remove cases like Updated and UpdatedSQL can anyone help? nawk -v file="$TEST" 'BEGIN{RS=";"} /[Uu][Pp][Dd][Aa][Tt][Ee] .*[sS][eE][tT]/{ gsub(/.*UPDATE/,"UPDATE");gsub(/.*Update/,"Update");gsub(/.*update/,"update");gsub(/\n+/,"");print file,"#",$0;} ' "$TEST" >> $OUT

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• crone tab shell script do not save output

  - by Anas

  i use cron tab with command wget http://www.mydomain.com/page.php to run one of my pages in server. It works, but problem is output is sved with names page.php, page.php1, page.php2, page.php3 etc. Can i run the page using wget without sving output

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• Shell - Run additional command on failure

  - by Shawn

  I have this script that I am currently running that works great for all instances but one: #!/bin/sh pdfopt test.pdf test.opt.pdf &>/dev/null pdf2swf test.opt.pdf test.swf [ "$?" -ne 0 ] && exit 2 More lines to execute follow the above code ... How would I go about changing this script to run "pdf2swf test.pdf test.swf" if "pdf2swf test.opt.pdf test.swf" fails? If the second attempt fails, then I would "exit 2". Thanks

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• Shell script task status monitoring

  - by Bikram Agarwal

  I'm running an ANT task in background and checking in 60 second intervals whether that task is complete or not. If it is not, every 60 seconds, a message should be displayed on screen - "Deploy process is still running. $slept seconds since deploy started", where $slept is 60, 120, 180 n so on. There's a limit of 1200 seconds, after which the script will show the log via 'ant log' command and ask the user whether to continue. If the user chooses to continue, 300 seconds are added to the time limit and the process repeats. The code that I am using for this task is - ant deploy & limit=1200 deploy_check() { while [ ${slept:-0} -le $limit ]; do sleep 60 && slept=`expr ${slept:-0} + 60` if [ $$ = "`ps -o ppid= -p $!`" ]; then echo "Deploy process is still running. $slept seconds since deploy started." else wait $! && echo "Application ${New_App_Name} deployed successfully" || echo "Deployment of ${New_App_Name} failed" break fi done } deploy_check if [ $$ = "`ps -o ppid= -p $!`" ]; then echo "Deploy process did not finish in $slept seconds. Here's the log." ant log echo "Do you want to kill the process? Press Ctrl+C to kill. Press Enter to continue." read log limit=`expr ${limit} + 300` deploy_check fi Now, the problem is - this code is not working. This looks like a perfectly good code and yet, this is not working. Can anyone point out what is wrong with this code, please.

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• Shell script to name videos on device

  - by Jordan

  I have a .sh script that automounts any usb device that is plugged in. I need it to also find if there are videos in a certain location on the device that is plugged in then write them to a videos.txt file. Here's what I have and its not working. Also I need it to put the mountpoint in the videos.txt file. ${MOUNTPOINT}$count is the path to the mounted device. VIDEOS=ls ${MOUNTPOINT}$count/dcim/100Video | grep mp4 if [ "$VIDEOS" -ne "" ] ; then "${MOUNTPOINT}$count" > ${MOUNTPOINT}$count/videos.txt; "$VIDEOS" >> ${MOUNTPOINT}$count/videos.txt; fi What am I doing wrong?

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