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• Decreasing Root Disk Size of an "EBS Boot" AMI on EC2

  - by darkAsPitch

  So I have followed Eric's wonderful article here: http://alestic.com/2009/12/ec2-ebs-boot-resize This was the code basically that helped me increase the default size of the AMI: ec2-run-sintances ami-ID -n 1 --key keypair.pem --block-device-mapping "/dev/sda1=:250" Running Ubuntu 11.10 I didn't even have to re-size the disk afterwards, it was immediately a 250GB drive. How do I go about decreasing the default size of the AMI??? I tried: ec2-run-sintances ami-ID -n 1 --key keypair.pem --block-device-mapping "/dev/sda1=:100" Obviously... but I was told: Client.InvalidBlockDeviceMapping: Volume of size 100GB is smaller than snapshot ####### <250

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• What virtual machine software for fail-over and snapshots?

  - by consolibyte

  We're looking to virtualize a few machines with the hope that we can: a) Take "snapshots" of a machine to use as backups b) Implement a system where if the software/hardware fails, we can quickly and easily load up an recent snapshot on new hardware and replace the failed machine with a new one. As always, cost is a concern- there's only 3 or 4 servers we're going to do this with, so we don't want to drop $50,000 on this. I'm confused by all of the different virtual machine offerings. Which one is does what I want, and does it easily?

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• Incremental Backup which also is imageable

  - by qwertymk

  I'm looking for a backup program that does incremental backups and that I can use to completely flush onto my main HD. For example I use the C:\ as my main drive and have E:\backups... as my backup, what I want is to be able to have it make incremental backups but such that if my computer becomes infested I can just choose an earlier snapshot and restore my entire HD to that image. I'm also looking for something that had auto scheduling but I'm guessing they all do. I really would like it if there is an open source option that does this, but everything I tried doesn't seem to have an "imaging" option. Is there any open source programs that does this (for windows 7 64bit)? If not I would also use any free non-open-source options

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• Running Sonatype Nexus in Tomcat 7.0, Tomcat blocking PUT requests

  - by gdm

  I was previously running Nexus 1.8 on OSX and uploading jars for releases without any issues. The OSX box died, so I moved to a FreeBSD server. Since Nexus doesn't have binaries for FreeBSD, I decided to run it in my Tomcat container. Now, I have set up Nexus 1.9 in Tomcat 7.0 on FreeBSD. Everything is working well, except I can't upload jars to my release or snapshot repositories. If I try via Hudson, I get a 401 error (and no further details). If I try manually via curl, I get an error message back from Tomcat: "This request requires HTTP authentication.". Why is Tomcat giving this error, and how do I stop it? If I look in the Nexus logs I can see that the PUT request doesn't even reach Nexus, Tomcat is intercepting it.

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• Nobody nogroup on ubuntu client with Solaris server

  - by user1574623

  I have an openIdiana server with ZFS and it has been shared with NFS on a ubuntu server (called server1) one year ago. Now i am asked to shared it on a second ubuntu server (called server2). So i have took the line in /etc/fstab from server 1 and add it in server2: 192.168.1.22:mypool/data/.zfs/snapshot /mnt/zfs nfs acl,intr,noatime 0 0 But when i mount it, the rights on server2 are "nobody nogroup" (connect as anonymous?!) whereas its ok on server1. And on my OpenIndiana, I haven't found where it is configured (its not me who configured it last year). So I have tried to set zfs set sharenfs=rw numpool/data but without success. So i am looking for a file like /etc/exports on Ubuntu to configure which server is allowed to connect, and not as anonymous. Any idea? thanks,

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• Recover open but deleted file on Linux using ln instead of cp

  - by Yang

  Say I have a file that's downloading (from a source that's hard to re-download from), but accidentally deleted from the filesystem namespace (/tmp/blah), and I'd like to recover this file. Normally I could just cp /proc/$PID/fd/$FD /tmp/blah, but in this case that would only get me a partial snapshot, since the file is still downloading. Furthermore, once the download completes, the downloading process (e.g. Chrome) will close the FD. Any way to recover by inode/create a hard link? Any other solutions? If it makes any difference, I'm mainly concerned with ext4. Thanks in advance.

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• Are periodic full backups really necessary on an incremental backup setup?

  - by user2229980

  I intend to use an old computer I have as a remote backup server for myself and a few other people. We are all geographically separated, and the plan is to do incremental daily backups using rsync and ssh. My original idea was to make one initial full backup then never again have to deal with the overhead of doing it, and from that moment on only copy the files changed since the last backup. I've been told that this could be bad, but I fail to understand why. Since each snapshot is comprised of hard links to the unchanged files plus the original changed ones, isn't it going to be identical to a new full backup? Why would I want to make another full backup?

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• Volume size doesn't match Disk size after gparted expansion

  - by Cybersylum

  I just expanded a basic disk on a Windows XP VM from 15gb to 40 gb using GPARTED LiveCD (0.5.2-11). I didn't notice anything unusual during the expansion; but after I rebooted back into Windows, the disk capacity doesn't match the disk size as it should (only 1 volume on the disk). The disk shows as 40gb; but the C: volume still shows the original size. I've tried expanding the disk again with GPARTED (no change), and using VMware converter and have it adjust the size of the volume during the process (complains about a lack of space of snapshot error inside the os). The volume has 27% free space so I don't think it is a space issue. Chkdsk doesn't seem to find anything wrong either. The OS seems to run just fine, it doesn't see the additional space however. Any ideas?

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• VMWare Server lck file keeps coming back

  - by muncherelli

  I am running VMWare Server 2.0 on a Debian Lenny system as a host OS. I am getting this error when I try to start a Virtual Machine Cannot open the disk '/var/lib/vmware/Virtual Machines//.vmdk' or one of the snapshot disks it depends on. Reason: Failed to lock the file. So I looked around on the web and found that I need to delete the .lck folder and file in order to get this error This seems to happen any time I reboot my Debian Server. The Virtual Machines sometimes do not recover and this lck file is causing problems. Should I create a cron script that does a rm *.lck on each of my machines on reboot? Looking for any direction on how to resolve this. It seems when i do a "reboot" command it is maybe not gracefully shutting down the VMware containers so the lock files are still intact?

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• FreeNAS - how to "Exclude from file" in Rsyncd (GUI)

  - by user179181

  I am trying to set rsync tasks to Pull user profiles from 11 Windows machines running DeltaCopy Server and then configure ZFS periodic snapshot tasks for a backup solution. So far this has been working fine, although i would like to exclude certain file types like .DAT or NTUSER.DAT. My Exclusion file resides on the local ZFS Dataset (Receiving side) and is as follows: Temp Temporary Internet Files NTUSER.DAT NTUSER.DAT.LOG *.dat *.tmp *.DAT.log *.ost *.pst The command i typed under Auxiliary Parameters (Rsyncd Global Conf under services)is as follows: exclude from = /mnt/Storage/User_Profiles/exclude.txt Ive tried deleting the .DAT files from the receiving end and just as i start to get excited i click refresh and there they are again

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• CentOS 5.5 x86_64 VPS - A lot of inbound traffic when idle?

  - by Matt Clarke

  I have a CentOS VPS from UKWSD and I'm getting inbound traffic that I cannot understand. The VPS was setup yesterday and I installed vnstat this morning around 10am, since then the server was basically idle and doing nothing from 12pm but it's showing activity inbound which is way over what it should be and i'd say the outbound is pretty much over to top too. Here is vnstat (snapshot taken at 10:30pm GMT) http://i.imgur.com/XnORb.jpg Here is the iptables http://pastebin.com/uGxX2Ucw The reason I'm concerned is.. 1) I have no idea why this is happening, and I like to know what's going on :D 2) I've calculated (briefly) that this pointless traffic would use around 15-20GB of bandwidth per month, and when your on a 150GB limit - it's quite an issue. I'm struggling to understand this and I thought I'd get some advice before asking my ISP (and risk looking completely stupid) Regards Matt

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• ESXi 4.0u1 - backup/copy options

  - by Hanadarko

  I have a machine built using ESXi 4.0u1 and it has 3 hard drives. I have my hosts built on different hard drives but wondering about backup options. I do not have RAID but I have 3 drives and 1 is totally empty. I had been using it to store ISOs for loading. So what options do I have to either create a 1 time copy onto the spare drive or some sort of snapshot to the spare drive? - There must be some way to do this either via the vsphere client or ssh into the ESXi box and go from there. Thoughts? -JD

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• media is write protected when using diskshadow.exe, start-bitstransfer powershell cmdlet

  - by Aaron - Solution Evangelist

  i am trying to use the powershell start-bitstransfer cmdlets to transfer a file i have exposed using a vss snapshot (via diskshadow), but unfortunately i am receiving the following error: Start-BitsTransfer : The media is write protected. At line:1 char:49 + Import-CSV c:\hda1\bits.txt | start-bitstransfer <<<< -transfertype upload -Authentication "Basic" -Credential $cred + CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (:) [Start-BitsTransfer], Exception + FullyQualifiedErrorId : StartBitsTransferCOMException,Microsoft.BackgroundIntelligentTransfer.Management.NewBits TransferCommand we really want to utilize the bits endpoint we are attempting to transfer the files to. is there any other way we can go about this (aside from copying the files elsewhere first, unless we can copy one slice at a time and transfer that)?

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• How to upgrade a single instance's size without downtime

  - by Justin Meltzer

  I'm afraid there may not be a way to do this since we're not load balancing, but I'd like to know if there is any way to upgrade an EC2 EBS backed instance to a larger size without downtime. First of all, we have everything on one instance: both our app and our database (mongodb). This is along the lines i'm thinking: I know you can create snapshots of your EBS and an AMI of your instance. We already have an AMI and we create hourly snapshots. If I spin up a new separate instance of a larger size and then implement (not sure what the right term is here) the snapshots so that our database is up to date, then I could switch the A record of our domain from the old ip address to the new one. However, I'm afraid that after copying over the data from the snapshot, by the time it takes to change the A record and have that change propagate, the data could potentially be stale. Is there a way to prevent this, and is there a better way to do this than I am suggesting?

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• Command-line access for Apple Time Machine?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  We use Apple's Time Machine to back up our workstations at the office. If I want to restore a file, I need to open up the Time Machine GUI and browse files there. The GUI is ugly eye-candy and gets in my way. Is there a way to browse the Time Machine archive using the Mac's command-line? I'm used to Netapps and other storage appliances. I use backintime for my Ubuntu workstation. To restore a file with one of those systems, you can restore a file with a simple command like: cp .snapshot/daily.0/filename.txt . or cp /backup/backintime/20100611-000002/backup/etc/shadow /etc/shadow Is there an equivalent for Apple's Time Machine?

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• Software for capturing still image snapshots from video input

  - by cantabilesoftware

  What software is available that will let me watch video from a USB video capture device at full PAL/NTSC resolution and capture a still image at a button press? More info: I'm using a KaiserBaas USB capture device (http://www.kaiserbaas.com/kaiser-baas-product-page/converters/video-to-dvd-maker), and want to capture screen shots from a PS2 connected to it. I'd like to play the game at the full PS2 resolution and capture certain scenes. The device has a one-touch snapshot button on it, but I can't seem to make it work and there's no mention of it anywhere in the documentation. The device works and the video appears in Power Producer (the included software), but I think it previews it smaller than the full resolution. I could print screen it, but having to crop will be a pain.

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• Optimal way to make MySQL backups for fairly large databases (MyISAM / InnoDB)

  - by WinkyWolly

  Currently we have one beefy MySQL database that runs a couple of high traffic Django based websites as well as some e-commerce websites of decent size. As a result we have a fair amount of large databases using both InnoDB and MyISAM tables. Unfortunately we've recently hit a wall due to the amount of traffic so I've setup another master server to help alleviate reads / backups. Now at the moment I simply use mysqldump with a few arguments and it's proven to be fine.. until now. Obviously mysqldump is a slow quick method however I believe we've outgrown its use. I now need a good alternative and have been looking into utilizing Maatkits mk-parallel-dump utility or an LVM snapshot solution. Succinct short version: I have a fairly large MySQL databases I need to backup Current method using mysqldump is inefficient and slow (causing issues) Looking into something such as mk-parallel-dump or LVM snapshots Any recommendations or ideas would be appreciated - since I have to re-do how we're doing things I rather have it done properly / most efficient :).

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• How do you manage updates without a staging environment: CentOS 6.3

  - by Gregg Leventhal

  I am managing about 20 servers, many of them virtual. They are almost all different purpose, and none are clustered. I have a distributed LAMP stack, a few application servers, some build servers, a few KVM hosts. They are CentOS 6.3 mostly with a few Ubuntu (unfortunately). I don't have the resources to setup a staging environment where I can have duplicates of my machines and test updates before rolling them out. I am taking file backups. What I want to know is how you are approaching backing up your Linux systems. I assume you don't just do yum update, but then how are you choosing the packages worthy of updating? When (if ever) are you updating the kernel, etc.. How do you test updates without a staging environment? Snapshot and hope for the best?

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• PostgreSQL disaster recovery options

  - by Alex

  My customer has quite a large (the total "data" folder size is 200G) PostgreSQL database and we are working on a disaster recovery plan. We have identified three different types of disasters so far: hardware outage, too much load and unintentional data loss due to erroneously executed bad migration (like DELETE or ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN). First two types seem to be easy to mitigate but we can't elaborate a good mitigation plan for the third type. I proposed to use ZFS and frequent (hourly) snapshots but "ZFS" means "OpenIndiana" these days and our Ops engineers do not have much expertise in it, so using OpenIndiana imposes another risk. Colleagues try to convince me that restoring from PostgreSQL PITR backup can be as fast as restoring from a ZFS snapshot but I highly doubt that replaying, say, 50G of archived WALs can be considered "fast". What other options are we missing? Is ZFS an only viable alternative? Can we get a fast Pg DB restore time in the Linux environment?

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• Taking an image backup of an entire server?

  - by WarDoGG

  I am currently using a dedicated server for my hosting needs. However, the costs are too high and I would like to suspend everything until I work out my business strategy again. Is there a way I can take a complete backup of the filesystem and run it in VMWare ? I cannot just copy the entire filesystem because there are lots of tools installed and tight changes to the server configuration files I myself dont know about (by the developers), but I need a snapshot of the entire disk image along with processes installed and everything is as is because for development needs, I need to work on this copy in VMWare or VirtualBox etc. Is it possible for me to take a full image copy ? How do I do it ?

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• What would cause SQL 2008 Log Reader Agent to fail with "This process could not execute 'sp_replcmds

  - by Rick

  I've seen this error message in other posts. They didn't seem to help resolving our issue. We are trying this with two SQL Server 2008 servers. I backed up my database from the source server and then restored it on our destination server. We setup basic Transaction Replication. The Snapshot Agent is working fine. The Log Reader Agent fails with the error above. Is it most likely a login issue for this job or QueryTimeout?

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• Shrinking physical volumes in LVM on a Linux Guest in ESXi 5.0

  - by Stew

  The problem: Linux guest (OpenSuse 12.1), with multiple virtual disks attached. 3 disks are in a logical volume, two of which are exactly 2TB. None of the disks are independent, and due to the backup software we use, cannot be independent. When the two 2TB virtual disks are "dependent", the snapshot fails stating that the file is too large for the datastore. When I put those two disks in independent mode, snapshots work fine (the other disk is 1.8TB). I have therefore concluded that even shrinking the two physical disks by 100GB should solve the problem, however I am having trouble conceptualizing how to go about getting those disks smaller without breaking the LVM entirely. The actual LV has 1.3TB free, so there is plenty of space to shrink with. What I need to accomplish: Deallocate 100GB from the two, 2TB virtual disks within the linux guest. Shrink the two virtual disks by 100GB within vsphere (not as complicated). Are there any vsphere/LVM gurus that can give me a clue?

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• Passing multiple sets of arguments to a command

  - by Alec

  instances contains several whitespace separated strings, as does snapshots. I want to run the command below, with each instance-snapshot pair. ec2-attach-volume --instance $instances --device /dev/sdf $snapshots For example, if instances contains A B C, and snapshots contains 1 2 3, I want the command to be called like so: ec2-attach-volume -C cert.pem -K pk.pem --instance A --device /dev/sdf 1 ec2-attach-volume -C cert.pem -K pk.pem --instance B --device /dev/sdf 2 ec2-attach-volume -C cert.pem -K pk.pem --instance C --device /dev/sdf 3 I can do either one or the other with xargs -n 1, but how do I do both?

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• What is the best way to back up dedicated web server? (Amanda versus Rsync)

  - by Scott

  Hello everyone, I am trying to establish valid back ups for my web server. It is a linux box on CentOS. I have asked around and "rsync" was suggested by some of the server fault community. However, my coworker at work says that this is really only moving over the physical files and isn't really a usable "snapshot." He suggested using "amanda" and that this did full server snapshots that are more what I am accustomed to. I know at my company we have virtual machines that we take snapshots of and we can restore everything back to just as they were with little effort and little downtime. Is this possible with rsync? Or would I need to create a new server and then migrate the files back and do various configurations? I think I prefer being able to just reset everything to a point in time. Forgive my ignorance, Back ups are something that I have never really had to worry about before.

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• Command to determine whether ZooKeeper Server is Leader or Follower

  - by utrecht

  Introduction A ZooKeeper Quorum consisting of three ZooKeeper servers has been created. The zoo.cfg located on all three ZooKeeper servers looks as follows: maxClientCnxns=50 # The number of milliseconds of each tick tickTime=2000 # The number of ticks that the initial # synchronization phase can take initLimit=10 # The number of ticks that can pass between # sending a request and getting an acknowledgement syncLimit=5 # the directory where the snapshot is stored. dataDir=/var/lib/zookeeper # the port at which the clients will connect clientPort=2181 server.1=ip1:2888:3888 server.2=ip2:2888:3888 server.3=ip3:2888:3888 It is clear that one of the three ZooKeeper servers will become the Leader and the others Followers. If the Leader ZooKeeper server has been shutdown the Leader election will start again. The aim is to check if another ZooKeeper server will become the Leader if the Leader server has been shut down. Question Which command needs to be issued to check whether a ZooKeeper server is a Leader or a Follower?

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