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  • Why is a linked list implementation considered linear?

    - by VeeKay
    My apologies for asking such a simple question. Instead of posting such basic question in SO, I felt that this is more apt a question here. I tried finding an answer for this but none of them are logically appealing or convincing to my understanding. Typically, computer memory is always linear. So is the term non linear used for a data structure in a logical sense? If so, to logically achieve non linearity in a linear computer memory, we use pointers. Right? In that case, if pointers are virtual implementations for achieving non linearity, Why would a data structure like linked list be considered linear if in reality the nodes are never physically adjacent?

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  • Tips for achieving "continual" delivery

    - by Ben
    A team is experiencing difficulty releasing software on a frequent basis (once every week). What follows is a typical release timeline: During the iteration: Developers work on stories on the backlog on short-lived (this is enthusiastically enforced) feature branches based on the master branch. Developers frequently pull their feature branches into the integration branch, which is continually built and tested (as far as the test coverage goes) automatically. The testers have the ability to auto-deploy integration to a staging environment and this occurs multiple times per week, enabling continual running of their test suites. Every Monday: there is a release planning meeting to determine which stories are "known good" (based on the testers' work), and hence will be in the release. If there is a known issue with a story, the source branch is pulled out of integration. no new code (only bug fixes requested by the testers) may be pulled into integration on this Monday to ensure the testers have a stable codebase to cut a release from. Every Tuesday: The testers have tested the integration branch as much as they possibly can have given the time available and there are no known bugs so a release is cut and pushed out to the production nodes slowly. This sounds OK in practise, but we have found that it is incredibly difficult to achieve. The team sees the following symptoms "subtle" bugs are found on production that were not identified on the staging environment. last minute hot-fixes continue into the Tuesday. problems on the production environment require roll-backs which blocks continued development until a successful live deployment is achieved and the master branch can be updated (and hence branched from). I think test coverage, code quality, ability to regression test quickly, last minute changes and environmental differences are at play here. Can anyone offer any advice regarding how best to achieve "continual" delivery?

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  • What makes a person contribute to opensource? [duplicate]

    - by Jibin
    This question already has an answer here: Why develop free, open source programs? [closed] 14 answers I know this is controversial, but.. There are many great projects like Apache Webserver or Hadoop provided by the OpenSource Community. I often feel that the people that actually benefit (financially), from these projects are developers like me, sitting in India, working for MNCs, who has never contributed anything to any opensource project so far, but earn handsomely due to my basic googling skills & the community provided documentation. Is it fair ? I mean no other industry in the world face such dilemma.Those who work get paid. I mean I almost am starting to feel guilty of taking such advantage of some thing that I contribute nothing to. I had to do projects every semester in college (we could choose projects) & I used to enjoy coding then. I want to contribute. But contributing to opensource is not a task [unlike college or office work]. And life is so busy .. Are all these opensource contributors really jobless ?[just kidding..] Could someone please share some personal experiences on how you guys started contributing or any advice on why I should contribute or what attitude in life makes you keep aside time or is it that you just crazly love writing code or is it that you just love to see your name in the contributors list or do you have a local coding group you hang out with ? Do you feel I am destined to do this ? This is my part of contributing back to the world ? Whats that basic mentality that make you guys want to contribute, while I just want to finish my work and go home. What makes you guys tick ?

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  • The next step for a graduate?

    - by Michael Hobbs
    I will complete my degree in Computer Science in July of 2013 however I will have two years of military service left. I would like to get some hands on C#/C++ programming experience in the mean time. I have been looking around the web at all the open source project that are out there. There are literally 10's of thousands. How would you go about picking one that is: A) good for a graduate level programmer B) will probably go somewhere, and C) are willing to take a novice under their wing. I would even be happy to work for a company for free, remotely as a debugger, tester, or what have you. As a side note would prefer to stick in the C# realm but understand I need to branch out at the same time.

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  • Migration of PowerBuilder application to multiplatform

    - by Alex Bibiano
    I developed a client/server application with PowerBuilder in the past for medical clinics and done maintenance for it until now. Now, some clients are asking me to develop a release for Mac/Linux and need some advice about what programming language/technology is best suited for it and the learning curve. It’s not a very very big program but I’m the only developer and have done it in my spare time. PowerBuilder is very productive for this kind of projects (database centric), but it’s not multiplatform and it’s hard to sell PowerBuilder application now days (web, .NET, java sells a lot better with his marketing). My programming skills: - I studied C and C++ in the past (university) but never used it on real projects - Have some Java experience but not in desktop applications - Some experience with Ruby on Rails for web projects - Good skills with PowerBuilder and C# (.NET) (there are my main developing languages) My first dilemma is if I change the desktop application to a web interface, but I think the user will lose some user-experience, and some doctors don’t have a clinic (they are alone at home with my software). I think installing a web application (with webserver) for one user will be overwhelming. If I continue developing desktop application, what is at the moment a good framework/toolset to learn having my skills? Somebody has had similar experiences? A lot of thanks

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  • How to guide stakeholder(s) not to get far from the scrum vision?

    - by Saeed Neamati
    Consider this scenario: Stakeholder(s): Let's build a web application to manage user's financial data. Scrum team: Ok, let's do it. . . . After 3 sprints Stakeholder(s): Let's also implement a mailing system, so that when user's financial status is not good, (s)he would be warned. Scrum team: Ok, it's not that hard. We'll do it. . . . After 5 sprints Stakholder(s): Let's become a mailing provider. Here, how should scrum team guide stakeholder to stay inside the scope of scrum vision? Maybe a more fundamental question is, should the at all? Update: Of course there is a product owner. But by scrum team I meant PO, SM, and Team.

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  • What are the basic skills a beginner JavaScript programmer should have?

    - by Sanford
    In NYC, we are working on creating a collaborative community programming environment and trying to segment out software engineers into differing buckets. At present, we are trying to define: Beginners Intermediates Advanced Experts (and/or Masters) Similar to an apprenticeship, you would need to demonstrate specific skills to achieve different levels. Right now, we have identified beginner programming skills as: Object - method, attributes, inheritance Variable - math, string, array, boolean - all are objects Basic arithmetic functions - precedence of functions String manipulation Looping - flow control Conditionals - boolean algebra This is a first attempt, and it is a challenge since we know the natural tension between programming and software engineering. How would you create such a skills-based ranking for JavaScript in this manner? For example, what would be the beginner JavaScript skills that you would need to have to advance to the intermediate training? And so on.

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  • Acceptable placement of the composition root using dependency injection and inversion of control containers

    - by Lumirris
    I've read in several sources including Mark Seemann's 'Ploeh' blog about how the appropriate placement of the composition root of an IoC container is as close as possible to the entry point of an application. In the .NET world, these applications seem to be commonly thought of as Web projects, WPF projects, console applications, things with a typical UI (read: not library projects). Is it really going against this sage advice to place the composition root at the entry point of a library project, when it represents the logical entry point of a group of library projects, and the client of a project group such as this is someone else's work, whose author can't or won't add the composition root to their project (a UI project or yet another library project, even)? I'm familiar with Ninject as an IoC container implementation, but I imagine many others work the same way in that they can scan for a module containing all the necessary binding configurations. This means I could put a binding module in its own library project to compile with my main library project's output, and if the client wanted to change the configuration (an unlikely scenario in my case), they could drop in a replacement dll to replace the library with the binding module. This seems to avoid the most common clients having to deal with dependency injection and composition roots at all, and would make for the cleanest API for the library project group. Yet this seems to fly in the face of conventional wisdom on the issue. Is it just that most of the advice out there makes the assumption that the developer has some coordination with the development of the UI project(s) as well, rather than my case, in which I'm just developing libraries for others to use?

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  • What will be a good python script (or your favorite language goes here) to test a system's performance and capabilities?

    - by dassouki
    Let's say you're in a computer store looking at 10 laptops, you want to really compare the system's capabilities. What will be an efficient "your fav language goes here" script that will allow you to do this? As an example, when I go to the store I usually open a macbook and a pro's terminal and write an equation in python, iterate it a million or so times, and time them. I like to compare the difference in time. What would be an ideal and simple script that can efficiently compare systems?

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  • How can I get started using TDD to code some simple functionality?

    - by Gabriel
    I basically have the gist of TDD. I'm sold that it's useful and I've got a reasonable command of the MSTEST framework. However, to date I have not been able to graduate to using it as a primary development method. Mostly, I use it as a surrogate for writing console apps as test drivers (my traditional approach). The most useful thing about it for me is the way it absorbs the role of regression testing. I have not yet built anything yet that specifically isolates various testable behaviors, which is another big part of the picture I know. So this question is to ask for pointers on what the first test(s) I might write for the following development task: I want to produce code that encapsulates task execution in the fashion of producer/consumer. I stopped and decided to write this question after I wrote this code (wondering if I could actually use TDD for real this time) Code: interface ITask { Guid TaskId { get; } bool IsComplete { get; } bool IsFailed { get; } bool IsRunning { get; } } interface ITaskContainer { Guid AddTask(ICommand action); } interface ICommand { string CommandName { get; } Dictionary<string, object> Parameters { get; } void Execute(); }

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  • Programmatically syncing with remote servers

    - by Joseph
    My application generates text files that need to be synced with remote servers, which may be windows or linux. Sync has to happen without user's intervention. I tried with rsync but windows doesn't come with rsync by default. Also it is not possible to supply password in the command line for rsync. Currently I'm going with ftp. But that seems like an inefficient way. Is there a way to rsync without user intervention? What are the ways to sync with a remote server programmatically? App is on nodejs.

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  • Understanding how memory contents map into a struct

    - by user95592
    I am not able to understand how bytes in memory are being mapped into a struct. My machine is a little-endian x86_64. The code was compiled with gcc 4.7.0 from the Win64 mingw32-64 distribution for Win64. These are contents of the relevant memory fragment: ...450002cf9fe5000040115a9fc0a8fe... And this is the struct definition: typedef struct ip4 { unsigned int ihl :4; unsigned int version :4; uint8_t tos; uint16_t tot_len; uint16_t id; uint16_t frag_off; // flags=3 bits, offset=13 bits uint8_t ttl; uint8_t protocol; uint16_t check; uint32_t saddr; uint32_t daddr; /*The options start here. */ } ip4_t; When a pointer to such an structure (let it be *ip4) is initialized to the starting address of the above pasted memory region, this is what the debugger shows for the struct's fields: ip4: address=0x8da36ce ip4->ihl: address=0x8da36ce, value=0x5 ip4->version: address=0x8da36ce, value=0x4 ip4->tos: address=0x8da36d2, value=0x9f ip4->tot_len: address=0x8da36d4, value=0x0 ... I see how ihl and version are mapped: 4 bytes for a long integer, little-endian. But I don't understand how tos and tot_len are mapped; which bytes in memory correspond to each one of them. Thank you in advance.

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  • COM INTEROP Support - which is better? C# or VB

    - by dot
    I keep hearing that c# is "better" than vb... but as far as I can see, aside from syntactical differences, both compile down to the same IL. I've found some good articles by googling that explain what the differences are between the two and so I feel comfortable in "diffusing" conversations between developers arguing over vb / c#. =) But I did read an article that said vb.net 2005 had better support for com interop stuff. But i'm wondering if this is still the case? This is of interest to me because we are in the middle of redesigning an old vb6 app that communicates with some older COM components. Does anyone have recent experience with .NET and COM interop? Thanks.

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  • Questions about identifying the components in MVC

    - by luiscubal
    I'm currently developing an client-server application in node.js, Express, mustache and MySQL. However, I believe this question should be mostly language and framework agnostic. This is the first time I'm doing a real MVC application and I'm having trouble deciding exactly what means each component. (I've done web applications that could perhaps be called MVC before, but I wouldn't confidently refer to them as such) I have a server.js that ties the whole application together. It does initialization of all other components (including the database connection, and what I think are the "models" and the "views"), receiving HTTP requests and deciding which "views" to use. Does this mean that my server.js file is the controller? Or am I mixing code that doesn't belong there? What components should I break the server.js file into? Some examples of code that's in the server.js file: var connection = mysql.createConnection({ host : 'localhost', user : 'root', password : 'sqlrevenge', database : 'blog' }); //... app.get("/login", function (req, res) { //Function handles a GET request for login forms if (process.env.NODE_ENV == 'DEVELOPMENT') { mu.clearCache(); } session.session_from_request(connection, req, function (err, session) { if (err) { console.log('index.js session error', err); session = null; } login_view.html(res, user_model, post_model, session, mu); //I named my view functions "html" for the case I might want to add other output types (such as a JSON API), or should I opt for completely separate views then? }); }); I have another file that belongs named session.js. It receives a cookies object, reads the stored data to decide if it's a valid user session or not. It also includes a function named login that does change the value of cookies. First, I thought it would be part of the controller, since it kind of dealt with user input and supplied data to the models. Then, I thought that maybe it was a model since it dealt with the application data/database and the data it supplies is used by views. Now, I'm even wondering if it could be considered a View, since it outputs data (cookies are part of HTTP headers, which are output)

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  • How would you TDD the functionality of getting the corresponding process of a running windows service?

    - by Matt Spinelli
    Purpose Over the last year or more I've been learning unit testing via books I've read recently like The Art of Unit Testing, Working Effectively with Legacy Code, and others. I've also been using unit tests, mocking frameworks, and the like, periodically at work and definitely see the value. However, I'm still having a hard time wrapping my mind around TDD (as opposed to TAD) when the situation calls for code that is gong to mostly use external API calls. Problem to solve Get the process associated with a windows service using the service name. example: Function GetProcess(ByVal serviceName As String) As Process Rules Show each major iteration in production & test code using TDD No need to see any other code or configuration that is required to get things to run. Just curious about the interfaces, concrete classes, and test methods. C# or VB.NET Must use the .Net framework regarding services/processes (i.e. System.Diagnostics.Process) Test Frameworks: Nunit or MSTest Isolation Frameworks: Moq, Rhino Mock, or Microsoft Moles Must write true unit tests (no integration tests) Additional notes As far as I can tell there are two approaches design wise. Use an Inversion of Control approach along with using the Adapter and/or Facade patterns to wrap the underlying .net framework objects dealing with processes and services. Keep the .net framework code in the class containing the Get Process method and use code detouring (interception) via Microsoft Moles to isolate the hard dependencies from the method under test.

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  • Microsoft Interview Preparation

    - by Manish
    I have 8 years of java background. Need help in identifying topics I need to prepare for Microsoft interview. I need to know how many rounds Microsoft will have and what all things these rounds consist of. I have identified the following topics. Please let me know if I need to prepare anything else as well. Arrays Linked Lists Recursion Stacks Queue Trees Graph -- What all I should prepare here Dynamic Programming -- again what all I need to prepare Sorting, Searching String Algos

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  • Ideal data structure/techniques for storing generic scheduler data in C#

    - by GraemeMiller
    I am trying to implement a generic scheduler object in C# 4 which will output a table in HTML. Basic aim is to show some object along with various attributes, and whether it was doing something in a given time period. The scheduler will output a table displaying the headers: Detail Field 1 ....N| Date1.........N I want to initialise the table with a start date and an end date to create the date range (ideally could also do other time periods e.g. hours but that isn't vital). I then want to provide a generic object which will have associated events. Where an object has events within the period I want a table cell to be marked E.g. Name Height Weight 1/1/2011 2/1/2011 3/1/20011...... 31/1/2011 Ben 5.11 75 X X X Bill 5.7 83 X X So I created scheduler with Start Date=1/1/2011 and end date 31/1/2011 I'd like to give it my person object (already sorted) and tell it which fields I want displayed (Name, Height, Weight) Each person has events which have a start date and end date. Some events will start and end outwith but they should still be shown on the relevant date etc. Ideally I'd like to have been able to provide it with say a class booking object as well. So I'm trying to keep it generic. I have seen Javasript implementations etc of similar. What would a good data structure be for this? Any thoughts on techniques I could use to make it generic. I am not great with generics so any tips appreciated.

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  • Desktop application, dependency injection

    - by liori
    I am thinking of applying a real dependency injection library to my toy C#/GTK# desktop application. I chose NInject, but I think this is irrelevant to my question. There is a database object, a main window and several utility window classes. It's clear that I can inject the database into every window object, so here DI is useful. But does it make sense to inject utility window classes into other window classes? Example: I have classes such as: class MainWindow {…} class AddItemWindow {…} class AddAttachmentWindow {…} class BrowseItemsWindow {…} class QueryBuilderWindow {…} class QueryBrowserWindow {…} class PreferencesWindow {…} … Each of the utility classes can be opened from MainWindow. Some utility windows can also be opened from other utility windows. Generally, there might be a really complex graph of who can open whom. So each of those classes might need quite a lot of other window classes injected. I'm worried that such usage will go against the suggestion not to inject too many classes at once and become a code smell. Should I use some kind of a service locator object here?

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  • generate parent child relation from the array to print a multi-level menu?

    - by Karthick Selvam
    How to get parent child relation from this array to print a multi-level menu $menus = array ( 0 => array ( 'id'=>0, 'check' => 1, 'display' =>'Arete Home', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => none, ), 1 => array ( 'id'=>1, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Submit Paper', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 2 => array ( 'id'=>2, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Buy Now', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 1, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1461 => array ( 'id'=>1461, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'Where are We?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1463 => array ( 'id'=>1463, 'check' => 1, 'display' =>' About Me?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1464 => array ( 'id'=>1464, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'About You?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 2, 'subordering' => -10, ), 1465 => array ( 'id'=>1465, 'check' => 1, 'display' => 'About who?', 'ordering' => -10, 'parent' => 1, 'subordering' => -10, ), ); code sample: foreach($menus as $id=>$values) { $values['parent']=isset($values['parent']) ? $values['parent'] : 0; $menus[$values['parent']]['childs'][$id]=$values; unset($menus[$id]); } foreach($menus as $id1=>$value2) { $value2['parent']=isset($value2['parent']) ? $value2['parent'] : 0; $menus[$value2['parent']]['childs'][$id1]=$value2; unset($menus[$id1]); }

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  • Multithreading synchronization interview question: Find n words given m threads

    - by rplusg
    I came across this question: You are given a paragraph , which contain n number of words, you are given m threads. What you need to do is , each thread should print one word and give the control to next thread, this way each thread will keep on printing one word , in case last thread come, it should invoke the first thread. Printing will repeat until all the words are printed in paragraph. Finally all threads should exit gracefully. What kind of synchronization will use? I strongly feel we cannot take any advantage of threads here but interviewer is trying to understand my synchronization skills? No need of code, just put some thoughts. I will implement by myself.

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  • When should I increment version number?

    - by ahmed
    I didn't learn programming at school and I do not work as a (professional) developer, hence a lot of basics are not quite clear to me. This question tries to clarify one of them. Now let's suppose that I have issues #1, #2 and #3 in my Issues Tracker that are set to be corrected/enhanced for version 1.0.0 and that the last (stable) version is 0.9.0. When should I increment to version 1.0.0 ? When a) just one of the listed above issues is closed or b) when all the issues related to version 1.0 are closed ? Which one is the right way to do it ? And by the right way, I mean what is currently used in the industry. Thanks.

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  • RESTFul: state changing actions

    - by Miro Svrtan
    I'am planning to build RESTfull API but there are some architectural questions that are creating some problems in my head. Adding backend bussiness logic to clients is option that I would like to avoid since updating multiple client platforms is hard to maintain in real time when bussiness logic can rapidly change. Lets say we have article as a resource ( api/article ), how should we implement actions like publish, unpublish,activate or deactivate and so on but to try to keep it as simple as possible? 1) Should we use api/article/{id}/{action} since a lot of backend logic can happen there like pushing to remote locations or change of multiple properties. Probably the hardest thing here is that we need to send all article data back to API for updating and multiuser work could not be implemented. For instance editor could send 5 seconds older data and overwrite fix that some other journalist just did 2 seconds ago and there is no way that I could explain to clients this since those publishing an article is really not in any way connected to updating the content. 2) Creating new resource can also be an option, api/article-{action}/id , but then returned resource would not be article-{action} but article which I'am not sure if this is proper. Also in server side code article class is handling actuall work on both resource and I'm not sure if this goes against RESTfull thinking Any suggestions are welcomed..

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  • How similar are programming and architecture?

    - by blueberryfields
    A friend of mine has completed an undergraduate program in architecture. Disillusioned with the industry and available work options, she is now looking to change careers, and become a professional software developer. What can she expect will be similar to her existing education, and will therefore be easy for her to pick up? What will be difficult? Does any of her experience so far transfer? Any other advice or information that she should know, before making the jump?

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  • Number of Classes in a Namespace - Code Smell?

    - by Tim Claason
    I have a C# library that's used by several executables. There's only a couple namespaces in the library, and I just noticed that one of the namespaces has quite a few classes in it. I've always avoided having too many classes in a single namespace because of categorization, and because subconsciously, I think it looks "prettier" to have a deeper hierarchy of namespaces. My question is: does anyone else consider it a "code smell" when a namespace has many classes - even if the classes relate to each other? Would you put in a lot of effort to find nuances in the classes that allows for subcategorization?

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  • I'm 15 and I really want to study Computer Science at University, any advice?

    - by Jake
    I already do a lot of programming in my spare time. I'm confident with PHP, Javascript, jQuery which I use in combination with HTML to create mock-up websites. The specific part of programming I want to get in to is web development/web applications. What I'm asking is since I'm pretty sure this is what I want to do, how can I get a head start? Edit: "If you could tell your 15 year-old self to do something that would benefit your programming career, what would it be?" - I just thought of this and thought it would be a better, more specific question :)

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