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• Translating debian network configuration to gentoo

  - by thpetrus

  I just got rid off Debian on my VPS (OpenVZ) and installed Gentoo on it, however it is a plain Gentoo image without further configuration, i.e. no working network. I'm not familiar with Debian and coulnd't figure out how to get the network set up, these are the debian network files /etc/network/interfaces: auto venet0 iface venet0 inet manual up ifconfig venet0 up up ifconfig venet0 127.0.0.2 up route add default dev venet0 down route del default dev venet0 down ifconfig venet0 down iface venet0 inet6 manual up ifconfig venet0 add ipv6addr/128 down ifconfig venet0 del ipv6addr/128 up route -A inet6 add default dev venet0 down route -A inet6 del default dev venet0 auto venet0:0 iface venet0:0 inet static address external_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 auto venet0:1 iface venet0:1 inet static address internal_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 Please note that external_ip, internal_ip and ipv6addr are placeholders. I copied the /etc/resolv.conf, know the gateway_ip and also have another ouput of ifconfig, if necessary. This is what I came up with, /etc/conf.d/net: config_venet0="127.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 brd 0.0.0.0" config_venet0:0="external_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 brd 0.0.0.0" route_venet0:0="default via gateway_ip" config_venet0:1="internal_ip netmask 255.255.255.255 brd 0.0.0.0" Broadcast IP is taken from ifconfig debian output - however it doesn't work. A symbolic link net.venet0:0 -> net.lo in /etc/init.d/ was created and I added net.venet0:0 to the boot runlevel.

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• Can't access one directory via HTTPS + public FQDN

  - by Justin James

  Hello - I have the strangest IIS error that I've ever seen in my life. I have an application/directory on an IIS server, that throws an error 500 when accessing ANY of the content in it, including HTML documents, when accessed via HTTPS AND the machines FQDN. When I access it with "localhost" it works fine. When I added a bogus entry for the NIC's IP in the hosts file, it worked fine. When I access it with the machines name and HTTP it works fine. Here's a chart (the machine's name is "lofn.titaniumcrowbar.com"): http - lofn.titaniumcrowbar.com: works https - lofn.titaniumcrowbar.com: broken https - localhost: works https - temp.titaniumcrowbar.com (put into hosts file): works I set up tracing, and I got some useless information: "The I/O operation has been aborted because of either a thread exit or an application request. (0x800703e3)" This would make sense, except this happens when pulling up static content. While the directory may be an "application", the content is all static in it. Any/all suggestions, no matter how strange, are VERY appreciated. Thanks! J.Ja

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• Can't seem to stop Postfix backscatter

  - by Ian

  I've just migrated to a Postfix system and can't seem to stop the backscatter messages to unknown addresses on the site. I have a file, validrcpt, that lists all the valid emails on the site - about eight of them. Yet when a message is sent to a non-existent address, instead of just dropping it, postfix is replying with a "Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table" email. Do I have something set wrong? I've read http://www.postfix.org/BACKSCATTER_README.html but unless I'm caffeine deficient, I don't see what's happening and perhaps I'm just to used to my old qmail setup. Here's postconf -n: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 home_mailbox = Maildir/ inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = ipv4 local_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/validrcpt mailbox_command = /usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -c /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf -m "${EXTENSION}" mailbox_size_limit = 0 mydestination = localhost myhostname = localhost mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = /etc/mailname policy-spf_time_limit = 3600s readme_directory = no recipient_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/recipient_bcc recipient_delimiter = + relay_recipient_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,permit_sasl_authenticated,reject_unauth_destination,check_policy_service unix:private/policy-spf,reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org,reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net,reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org,check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:10023 smtpd_relay_restrictions = permit_mynetworks permit_sasl_authenticated defer_unauth_destination smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname smtpd_sasl_path = private/dovecot-auth smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_unknown_sender_domain smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/dovecot/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem smtpd_tls_mandatory_ciphers = medium smtpd_tls_mandatory_protocols = SSLv3, TLSv1 smtpd_tls_received_header = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = digitalhit.com virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps virtual_minimum_uid = 1000 virtual_uid_maps = static:5000

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• Nginx and Gunicorn hanging on GET requests

  - by whatWhat

  I'm using Nginx + Gunicorn which is serving my Django project. All GET requests hang for ~1 min. The content seems to be available immediately as I can see it in the Browser inspector but the browser itself looks like it's still waiting for more data. Heres my Ngnix config #allow for up to 3 connections per second. limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=3r/s; server { listen 80; server_name example.com; root /var/www/example.com/example/; # serve directly - analogous for static/staticfiles location /media/ { # this changes depending on your python version root /home/example/; } location /static/ { # if asset versioning is used if ($query_string) { expires max; } root /var/www/example.com; } location / { #Allow for a burst of 50. limit_req zone=one burst=50 nodelay; proxy_pass_header Server; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme; proxy_connect_timeout 10; proxy_read_timeout 10; proxy_pass http://localhost:8001/; } # what to serve if upstream is not available or crashes error_page 500 502 503 504 /media/50x.html; } My Gunicorn Config: bind = "127.0.0.1:8001" workers = 3 worker_class = "gevent" Is there anything obvious that would be causing the requests to stay open for so long?

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• CloudFront for dynamic content CDN

  - by Elad Lachmi

  I would like to use CF as a CDN for my entire site, including static and dynamic content. I have been using CF for static content for a while and I am very happy with the results. I am now doing POC of putting the web server completely behind CF. For the dynamic content I created a new distribution and set the origin to be my web server. Right now I'm looking to test the solution, so I have the web server on the original domain and the CF distribution on the amazon domain. This works with the exception of HTTPS urls and POST requests. For HTTPS requests, I see the requests are forwarded to the original site domain for now, but how will CF handle them when I move the distribution to the www cname? What configuration changes should I make so that CF forwards HTTPS requests to the origin? For POST requests, I want the post to be made to the origin server. Can I set this up in CF? Finally, the site has membership. Can I configure CF to pull all content from the origin if the user is logged in? Sorry for the long question. I'm a little lost and documentation for dynamic CF is still kind of scarce. Thank you!

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• Unable to ping gateway via bridge nic

  - by Ara

  I'm trying to install KVM on Ubuntu 12.04 server. We have multiple nic on this server of which we primarily use eth0. The server network runs fine(i'm able to ping gateway, ping dns server and ping servers on internet) with eth0 /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.22.194 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.22.0 broadcast 192.168.22.255 gateway 192.168.22.1 dns-nameservers 10.71.130.58 10.71.130.60 dns-search test.local I installed bridge-utils and configured br0 as below /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.22.194 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.22.0 broadcast 192.168.22.255 gateway 192.168.22.1 dns-nameservers 10.71.130.58 10.71.130.60 dns-search test.local bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off Post which i'm able to ping servers on the same ip range 192.168.22.2-254 except for 192.168.22.1 (which is the gateway) also i'm not able to ping any other servers. I'm not able to ping this machine from network. The output for route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 br0 192.168.22.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br0 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 I've been struggling with this issue for past 5 days, would be of help if anyone can point me in the right direction to fix this issue. Thanks in advance

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• OpenVZ with bridged interfaces and VLAN

  - by Deimosfr

  Hi, I've got a problem with OpenVZ with bridged VLAN. Here is my configuration: +------+ +-------+ +-----------+ +---------+ br0 |VE101 | | | | OpenBSD |----->| Debian |------->| | | WAN |--->| Router | | OpenVZ | +------+ | | | Firewall |----->| br0 br1 | br1 +------+ +-------+ +-----------+ +---------+------->|VE102 | |br0 | | |VLAN br0.110 +------+ v +---------+ |VE103.110| +---------+ I can't make VLAN work on br0 (br0.110) and I would like to understand why. I don't have any switch so no problem with unmanageable switch. I've configured a VLAN interface on OpenBSD in /etc/hostname.vlan110: inet 192.168.110.254 255.255.255.0 NONE vlan 110 vlandev sis1 And it seems to be working fine. I've also adapted my PF configuration to work with VLAN but I don't see any incoming traffic. On my Debian Lenny, here is my interfaces configuration : # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # br0 auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.100.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.100.254 network 192.168.100.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off # VLAN 110 auto br0.110 iface br0.110 inet static address 192.168.110.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.110.0 gateway 192.168.110.254 broadcast 192.168.110.255 pre-up vconfig add br0 110 post-down vconfig rem br0.110 It looks OK, but when I start my VE, here is the message: ... Configure veth devices: veth103.0 Adding interface veth103.0 to bridge br0.110 on CT0 for VE103 can't add veth103.0 to bridge br0.110: Operation not supported VE start in progress... So I've got one error here. I've followed this documentation http://wiki.openvz.org/VLAN but it doesn't work. I've certainly missed something but I don't know why. Someone could help me please? Thanks

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• Apache caching with mod_headers mod_expires

  - by Aaron Moodie

  Hi, I'm working on homework for uni and was hoping someone could clarify something for me. I need to set up the following: Configure the response header "Cache-Control" to have a "max-age" value of 7 days since access for all image files Configure the response header "Cache-Control" to have a "max-age" value of 5 days since modification for all static HTML files. Configure the response header "Cache-Control" to have a value of "public" for all static HTML and image files. Configure the response header "Cache-Control" to have a value of "private" for all PHP files. My question is whether it is better to use a FilesMatch, or the mod_expires ExpiresByType to best achieve this? I've so far used the following: <FilesMatch "\.(gif|jpe?g|png)$"> ExpiresDefault "access plus 7 days" Header set Cache-Control "public" </FilesMatch> <FilesMatch "\.(html)$"> ExpiresDefault "modification plus 5 days" Header set Cache-Control "public" </FilesMatch> <FilesMatch "\.(php)$"> Header set Cache-Control "private" </FilesMatch> Thanks.

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• Configuring network route between two routers on home network

  - by Paul

  I have a home network - the main router connected to the internet (and has wifi) is a Netopia box. Connected to it is a Linksys router. Everything currently works - I can connect via the wireless network and get to the internet. Machines connected to the Linksys can connect with each other and connect to the internet. Both routers are configured to serve addresses via DHCP (Netopia 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.99), Linksys (192.168.0.1 - 192.168.0.100). Here's how they are connected: Internet <-> Netopia w/wifi (192.168.1.254) <-> Linksys (192.168.0.1) I decided I really need to allow wireless connections to also communicate with machines behind the Linksys router. Currently the Linksys is configured to obtain an IP address via DHCP. I thought this would be straightforward. I configured the Linksys to have a static IP address: IP: 192.168.1.100 Mask: 255.255.255.0 GW: 192.168.1.254 Then I configured a static route on the Netopia: Network: 192.168.0.0 Mask: 255.255.255.0 GW: 192.168.1.100 So it should now look like this: Internet <-> Netopia w/wifi (192.168.1.254) <-> (192.168.1.100) Linksys (192.168.0.1) I reset both routers. I cannot ping the Netopia (192.168.1.254) from inside the Linksys network, and if I attempt to ping 192.168.0.1 from a wifi connection I get a "Destination host not available" error. Obviously I'm missing something, but I'm not sure where. Any ideas on what I'm missing?

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• Debian, 2 NICs load-balancing or agregating with one same gateway

  - by pouney

  Hi, I have one server, with double NICs connected to one switch with the same gateway. Behind the switch we have internet. |Debian| - eth0 - switch - internet - eth1 - same I don't understand how to load-balancing between eth0 and eth1. The inbound/outbound traffic always use eth1. This is the config: # The primary network interface allow-hotplug eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.248.82 netmask 255.255.255.240 network 192.168.248.80 broadcast 192.168.248.95 gateway 192.168.248.81 allow-hotplug eth1 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.248.83 netmask 255.255.255.240 network 192.168.248.80 broadcast 192.168.248.95 gateway 192.168.248.81 Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192.168.248.80 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.248.80 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.240 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 192.168.248.81 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.248.81 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 Ips aren't real, it's just for the example. Anybody have an idea on correct routing to use eth0 on 192.168.248.82 and eth1 on 192.168.248.83 ? I have many example for multiple gateway but here it's the same. Thanks all. Regards

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• Django apache + mod_wsgi with virtualenv

  - by ArgsKwargs

  I have some questions running multiple Django sites on a VPS I have a server that uses openPanel to automatically create VirtualHosts within apache2. My ideal situation is that I would have multiple virtualenvs with different dependencies installed so the python dist-packages directory isn't contaminated for different Django sites. For example: /home/user/virtualenv1 /home/user/virtualenv2 My django applications reside at /var/www, so For example: /var/www/djangosite1 /var/www/djangosite2 Now I've read upon openPanel docs and figured out the best thing todo is create a django.conf file inside the mydomain.com.inc folder, which looks something like: /etc/apache2/openpanel.d/mydomain.com.inc/django.conf DocumentRoot /var/www/djangosite1/project WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/djangosite1/project/wsgi.py WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages <Directory /var/www/djangosite1/project> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> Alias /static /var/www/djangosite1/project/static-root Now my problem is that this setup seems unable to find the virtualenv site-packages thus not recognizing any dependencies available in the given virtualenv Also, commenting out this line doesn't seem to break or change a thing: WSGIDaemonProcess mydomain python-path=/home/user/virtualenv1/lib/python2.6/site-packages For example: > service apache2 start ImportError: No module named South When I install South outside the virtualenv everything works

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• Route through site-to-site VPN not working

  - by Jonathan

  I'm trying to set up a site-to-site VPN using RRAS on two 2K8r2 servers since yesterday. The connection is working at this point, but I can't get it to send traffic from one site to the other one. Set up: the set up is the same on both sites: the server is connected to a router that's connected to a modem. The routers act like a DHCP-server and assign IP addresses from the range subnet.21-subnet-.100. Both servers use a static IP address, subnet.11, and are set up as DMZ. Configuration: the servers are configured using the wizard to set up a site-to-site connection. This works with a demand-dial interface and a PPTP VPN connection. As mentioned, the VPN connection work properly. Problem: I can't get the servers to send the traffic for the other site, to be sent through the VPN connection. I added a static route on both server (home, office 1) and I can see the result in the IP routing table (home, office 1). I did this because the route didn't show up automatically. My guess is that this last step isn't right, for example because the routing table states "non demand-dial", which seems not correct. Home: Subnet: 10.0.1.0/24 Router: 10.0.1.1 Server: 10.0.1.11 (DMZ) DHCP: 10.0.1.21-10.0.1.100 RRAS DHCP: 10.0.1.101-10.0.1.150 Office 1: Subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 Router: 10.0.2.1 Server: 10.0.2.11 (DMZ) DHCP: 10.0.2.21-10.0.2.100 RRAS DHCP: 10.0.2.101-10.0.2.150 I hope someone has an idea to get this route working!

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• Barriers to IPv6 deployment: addressing

  - by sysadmin1138

  There are several things that are keeping IPv6 deployment from being a topic of active discussion here at my work. There are the usual technical issues, but one non-technical one appears to be a major stumbling block on the path to actually getting a deployment project going. Addresses, memorizing of. Specifically, IPv4 addresses are comprehensible, and IPv6 addresses just look like a big long string of hex. The human mind has real trouble memorizing lists of more than 7-8 items, and an IPv4 address (192.168.231.148) has four items in it which makes it easy for us to memorize. A fully populated IPv6 address has not only 8 sections, but each section has 4 hex digits in it. IPv6 addresses were not designed for memorization. To the technician who knows that the DNS server is at 192.168.42.42 (or more likely "42.42", since the company prefix is likely memorized), the idea of memorizing an IPv6 address fills them with dread. Which in turn makes them much less enthusiastic about participating in an IPv6 deployment project. Because of how our network works we're not fully dynamic in terms of v4 addressing. We have several to many subnets that are entirely statically assigned for a variety of reasons, chief among them being that the overhead of static DHCP assignments is perceived as being too great. Also, some devices still aren't smart enough to pull DNS addresses out of DHCP while also having a static assignment, and therefore require manually configured DNS settings. Therefore, some v6 address memorization will have to be done. We're not under any mandate to get v6 out the door, so we don't have pressure from the top. However, it is time to start prepping our infrastructure to handle IPv6 even if we don't convert wholesale. For those of you who have been in IPv6-land for a while, what short-cut methods do you use to discuss or keep track of subnets and specific/critical IP addresses? If I can help reduce some of the dread surrounding IPv6 we might get the project going.

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• nginx - proxy_pass is working - Apache isn't doing what it should...

  - by matthewsteiner

  So, I've got this in my nginx.conf: location ~* ^.+.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|ico|css|zip|tgz|gz|rar|bz2|doc|xls|exe|pdf|ppt|txt|tar|mid|midi|wav|bmp|rtf|js)$ { root /var/www/vhosts/example.com/public/; access_log off; expires 30d; } location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } So anything that is a "static file" that exists will just be done with nginx. Otherwise, it should pass it off to Apache. Right now, static files are working correctly. However, if something is passed to apache and it's example.com or subdomain.example.com, apache just spits out the "Apache 2 Test Page" that you get if there's nothing there. Apache worked fine before, so I'm guessing it has to do with the way nginx is "asking". I'm not sure though. Any ideas?

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• Default IPv6 route on debian squeeze does not come up after boot

  - by Georg Bretschneider

  I have a problem with my default IPv6 route not coming up after boot on a Debian Squeeze system. This is my config (/etc/network/interfaces): # Loopback device: auto lo iface lo inet loopback iface lo inet6 loopback # device: br0 auto br0 iface br0 inet static bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 0 address 88.198.62.xx broadcast 88.198.62.63 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 88.198.62.33 up route add -net 88.198.62.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 88.198.62.33 br0 iface br0 inet6 static address 2a01:4f8:131:10x::2 netmask 64 gateway 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 up route -A inet6 add 2a01:4f8:131:100::1/59 dev br0 My inet comes up alright, but I have to exec the route command manually after boot to make IPv6 work. Otherwise I can't even reach my gateway. This is the output of ip -6 route show after boot: 2a01:4f8:131:10x::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 unreachable fe80::/64 dev lo proto kernel metric 256 error -101 mtu 16436 advmss 16376 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev br0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 fe80::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 mtu 1500 advmss 1440 hoplimit 4294967295 I already tried it with: up ip -6 route add 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 dev br0 up ip -6 route add default via 2a01:4f8:131:100::1 dev br0 in /etc/network/interfaces, but with the same results. If I execute those commands manually on my shell, everything starts working nicely. And yes, I tried with post-up instead of up, too. Only other changes I made was to activate ip forwarding for IPv6, because I want to run some LXC containers on that system.

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• Mail not piping in postfix

  - by user220912

  I have setup a postfix server and wanted to test the piping of mail to my perl script where i can make use of it and filter the mails.I wrote a test script for that which just logs the information in txt file. but i don't see any changes on sending the mail. My postconf-n output: alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 debugger_command = PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin ddd $daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep 5 html_directory = no inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailbox_size_limit = 0 mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = yantratech.co.in, localhost.localdomain, localhost myhostname = tcmailer8.in mynetworks = 103.8.128.62, 103.8.128.69/101, 168.100.189.0/28, 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/pki/tls/certs/tcmailer8.in.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/pki/tls/private/localhost.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = /etc/postfix/vhosts virtual_mailbox_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/vmaps virtual_minimum_uid = 1000 virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 here's my transport: [email protected] email_route my main.cf declaration: transport_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/transport my master.cf declaration: email_route unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=nobody argv=/etc/postfix/test.php -f $(sender) -- $(recipient) and my php script: #!/usr/bin/php <?php $fh = fopen('/etc/postfix/testmail.txt','a'); fwrite($fh, "Hello it works\n"); fclose($fh); ?> I am sending mails through telnet in localhost.

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• Migrating to AWS Cloud with auto-scaling - where to put Redis and ElasticSearch?

  - by RobMasters

  I've been trying to research this topic but haven't found anywhere that recommends where to install services such as Redis and ElasticSearch when migrating to a cloud framework. I'm currently running a Symfony2 application on 2 static servers - one is running MySQL and the other is the public facing web server, which also has Redis and ElasticSearch running on it. Both of these servers are virtualised, but they're static in terms of not being able to replicate at present (various aspects are still dependent on the local filesystem). The goal is to migrate to AWS and use auto-scaling to be able to spin up and kill web servers as required, but I'm not clear on what I should put on each EC2 instance. Should they be single-responsibility only? i.e. Set up individual instances for the web server(s), Redis, and ElasticSearch and most likely an RDS instance for MySQL and only set up auto-scaling on the web server(s)? I don't foresee having to scale the ElasticSearch server anytime soon as it's only driving the search functionality, but it's possible that Redis may need to be replicated at some point - but should this be done manually? I'm not sure of how this could be done automatically as each instance needs to be configured to know about it's master/slave(s) as far as I know. I'd appreciate advice on this. One more quick question while I'm here - how would I be able to deploy code changes when there are X web servers currently active? I'm using a Capifony deployment script (Symfony2 version of Capistrano), which I think can handle multiple servers easily enough by specifying an array of :domain addresses...but how can should this be handled when the number of web servers can vary?

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• Unable to connect to server after a certain amount of time

  - by Troy

  I am a business FIOS subscriber with 5 static IPs. I have the following network setup: Verizon provided ONT Dlink switch Dell server running Ubuntu 12.04 with iptables enabled and a static IP address. The makes/models of hardware are: FIOS ONT Alcatel-Lucent I-211M-H ONT D-Link D-Link Web Smart Switch DES-1228P Server Dell Optiplex 755 (Ubuntu 12.04 Server) I have iptables running on the server with http, https and ssh ports open. I can connect to a website on the server from an external computer, but after a certain amount of time (mins to hours), I can no longer connect. All I have to do to re-enable connectivity is connect to the server via SSH from a computer INSIDE the network. I don't have to actually login, I just have to establish a connection. I can then access the website externally again. I did some googling and it seems some of verizon's equipment had an ARP bug where the ARP entries would expire after a certain time period, but those issues all seem to be from back in 2009 - 2010. I know the switch has an 'auto learning Mac address' feature, but I'm not sure if that could be the problem or not. Does anyone have any ideas or advice on how I can troubleshoot this? Thanks!

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• esx5 debian VM vlan setup

  - by Kstro21

  i have a server with ESX5, have a switch with about 20 vlans, this is how setup the trunk port interface GigabitEthernet0/1/1 description ToOper port link-type trunk undo port trunk allow-pass vlan 1 port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 14 stp disable ntdp enable ndp enable bpdu enable then, i created a standar switch(sw1) using the vSphere Client, the VLAN ID is set to All (4095), i also created a VM with Debian 6, with a NIC connected to sw1, now, i want to configure this NIC for a selected group of vlans auto vlan10 iface vlan10 inet static address 11.10.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 mtu 1500 vlan_raw_device eth0 auto vlan14 iface vlan14 inet static address 11.10.1.65 netmask 255.255.255.248 mtu 1500 vlan_raw_device eth0 so, when i restart the network using /etc/init.d/networking restart, i got this error Reconfiguring network interfaces...SIOCSIFADDR: No such device vlan14: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device SIOCSIFNETMASK: No such device SIOCSIFBRDADDR: No such device vlan14: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device SIOCSIFMTU: No such device vlan14: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device Failed to bring up vlan14. done. this is just part of the error, so, my questions is: is this possible?, i mean, what i'm trying to achieve using ESX Virtual Machines, VLANS, etc is this a Debian problem? can be solved? i've read about a file named z25_persistent-net.rules in Debian but it doesn't exist in my installation. in the In the vSphere Networking for ESX5 guide, you can read: If you enter 0 or leave the option blank, the port group can see only untagged (non-VLAN) traffic. If you enter 4095, the port group can see traffic on any VLAN while leaving the VLAN tags intact. So, in theory, it should work, right? Hope you can help me up with this one Thanks

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• port forwarding/network settings preventing from game hosting

  - by Xitcod13

  I asked where to post this question on stackoverflow meta and they directed me here. Im on wireless connection and I want to host games in StarCraft: Brood War and i've been looking everywhere on how to accomplish that. My internet is amazingly fast so its not an internet problem (and when i play other peoples games dont experience lag) I found out that i need to have a static IP but I have already checked that i do (i downloaded a program to make my id static and it already was; The program asked for which router I used So i think it checked the router settings already) I found out that i need to allow Sc access through the firewall which i already did (i have zone-alarm but I allowed it everything possible except receiving emails lol) I have recently noticed that few people actually can join my games but most of them cannot. I dont know whats going on here. I really want to be able to host games overall how do I go about checking what is wrong with the network. Update: Alright I figured out what i did wrong in the first part I did not actually set up forwarding on the router -.- I have tried to fix my mistake. I went to forwarding options in my router (as this guide for my specific router suggests) but when i click ok I get a message incorrect ip address. 192.168.1.1 is my routers address. The default address that appears there is 192.168.1 (blank) I have set it to my computers current Ip4 adress which 192.168.1.23 I hope this works If so i will post it as an answer and mark it.

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• CloudFront with Custom Origin and ELB

  - by kmfk

  We are using CloudFront for our static assets but also wanted to allow for Gzip. We set up a new distribution with a custom origin pointing back to our application servers which are behind a elastic load balancer. We manually keep the files in sync across the cluster and update them when we publish. However, with this set up, we get nothing but Miss and RefreshHits from CloudFront, which so far has defeated the purpose. Is there any additional settings in order to use an ELB as your custom origin? In the docs, it references this as a viable solution. It appears when we point the distribution to a single server in our production cluster, cloudfront properly caches our assets. Is it possible that the sticky sessions cookie and the subsequent header that gets added by it could be an issue? Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" //Added by load balancer Any ideas? FYI - currently, we have our custom origin pointing to a single EC2 instance, so caching is working correctly - in case you try to curl the file below. Example headers: curl -I http://static.quick-cdn.com/css/9850999.css HTTP/1.0 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: max-age=3700 Cache-Control: no-cache="set-cookie" Content-Length: 23038 Content-Type: text/css Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:03:52 GMT Last-Modified: Thu, 12 Apr 2012 23:00:14 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.17 (Ubuntu) Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Cache: RefreshHit from cloudfront X-Amz-Cf-Id: K_q7Zy3_jdzlEJ85ukELVtdx1GmuXqApAbZZ7G0fPt0mxRMqPKX5pQ==,RzJmPku-rEIO9WlvuSoKa8hiAaR3dLk5KC4cQMWWrf_MDhmjWe8n6A== Via: 1.0 28c34f9fbf559a21ee16594849e4fc9c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront) Connection: close

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• How to handle files that don't need version control in mercurial

  - by richardh

  I am new to mercurial, and for the most part do LaTeX reports and statistical calculations in R using .csv and/or .sqlite files. Re LaTeX, all I really care is the .tex file. Re R, I don't need version control on the .csv or .sqlite files because they are static. When I do 'hg add' for a repo with a .csv and/or .sqlite file, I get a warning like: rev2.sqlite: up to 3070 MB of RAM may be required to manage this file (use 'hg revert rev2.sqlite' to cancel pending addition) So I revert and subsequently use adds like hg add -X *.sqlite. I guess I really have two questions: (1) Should I ignore these warnings? Because these large files are static, can I just add to the repo knowing that the diff files will always be empty and not worry about wasted resources? (2) If I should keep excluding these files from the repo, is there away that I can fix this option? I.E., add to my .hgrc file something that always appends an option like -I *.tex -I *.R to my 'hg add' commands? Thanks!

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• Ubuntu server apt-get says "(-5 - No address associated with hostname)"

  - by Srini

  I have a ubuntu 12.04 server. Running sudo apt-get update on it produces errors like this: W: Failed to fetch http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages Something wicked happened resolving 'au.archive.ubuntu.com:http' (-5 - No address associated with hostname) I am able to ping all the other hosts on the network and also Google's DNS 8.8.8.8. But am unable to ping www.google.com. So, I'm guessing something is wrong with my DNS setup, but not sure what. I use static IP and my /etc/network/interfaces looks like this: auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.50 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 #dns-nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 #nameserver 203.12.160.35 203.12.160.36 My /etc/resolv.conf and /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base are both empty and my /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/original says: nameserver 192.168.1.1 Any help would be greatly appreciated. P.S. I've googled it a bit and the common resolution is to switch to DHCP which I don't want to do since this is my home server. Thanks Srini

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• Serving images from another hostname vs Apache overload for the rewrites

  - by luison

  We are trying to improve further the speed of some sites with older HTML in order as well to obtain better SEO results. We have now applied some minify measures, combined html, css etc. We use a small virtualized infrastructure and we've always wanted to use a light + standar http server configuration so the first one can serve images and static contents vs the other one php, rewrites, etc. We can easily do that now with a VM using the same files and conf of vhosts (bind mounts) on apache but with hardly any modules loaded. This means the light httpd will have smaller fingerprint that would allow us to serve more and quicker, have more minSpareServer running, etc. So, as browsers benefit from loading static content from different hostnames as well, we've thought about building a rewrite rule on our main server (main.com) to "redirect" all images and css *.jpg, *.gif, *.css etc to the same at say cdn.main.com thus the browser being able to have more connections. The question is, assuming we have a very complex rewrite ruleset already (we manually manipulate many old URLs for SEO) will it be worth? I mean will the additional load of main's apache to have to redirect main.com/image.jpg (I understand we'll have to do a 301) to cdn.main.com/image.jpg + then cdn.main.com having to serve it, be larger than the gain we would be archiving on the browser? Could the excess of 301s of all images on a page be penalized by google? How do large companies work this out, does the original code already include images linked from the cdn with absolute paths?

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• Openvpn - stuck on Connecting

  - by user224277

  I've got a problem with openvpn server... every time when I trying to connect to the VPN , I am getting a window with login and password box, so I typed my login and password (login = Common Name (user1) and password is from a challenge password from the client certificate. Logs : Jun 7 17:03:05 test ovpn-openvpn[5618]: Authenticate/Decrypt packet error: packet HMAC authentication failed Jun 7 17:03:05 test ovpn-openvpn[5618]: TLS Error: incoming packet authentication failed from [AF_INET]80.**.**.***:54179 Client.ovpn : client #dev tap dev tun #proto tcp proto udp remote [Server IP] 1194 resolv-retry infinite nobind persist-key persist-tun ca ca.crt cert user1.crt key user1.key <tls-auth> -----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1----- d1e0... -----END OpenVPN Static key V1----- </tls-auth> ns-cert-type server cipher AES-256-CBC comp-lzo yes verb 0 mute 20 My openvpn.conf : port 1194 #proto tcp proto udp #dev tap dev tun #dev-node MyTap ca /etc/openvpn/keys/ca.crt cert /etc/openvpn/keys/VPN.crt key /etc/openvpn/keys/VPN.key dh /etc/openvpn/keys/dh2048.pem server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt #push „route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0? #push „route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0? keepalive 10 120 tls-auth /etc/openvpn/keys/ta.key 0 #cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish #cipher AES-128-CBC # AES #cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES comp-lzo #max-clients 100 #user nobody #group nogroup persist-key persist-tun status openvpn-status.log #log openvpn.log #log-append openvpn.log verb 3 sysctl : net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

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